English-Bisaya Grammar, in Twenty Eight Lessons

Of the passives.

The Bisaya dialect being almost completely passive, the study of this speaking mood is of great importance. Three are the passives or moods of expressing the verbs in passive voice. Passive the first or passive of I (ee). The second passive or of On, and the third passive or of An. The passive of I (ee) is formed by putting Gui before the root for present and past tenses, and I (ee) for future and imperative. Passive the second or of On, is formed by placing the particle Gui before the root for present and past tenses; the future by duplicating the first syllable of the root putting On after: or by placing one of the particles of future tense before the root, and On after.

The third passive or of An is formed by putting the particle Gui before the root and An after, for present and past tenses; the future is formed by duplicating the first syllable of the root, and placing before the root one of the particles of future tense and An after.

The imperative mood is formed by putting An after the root.

Conjugation of the Passives

Passive of I. (EE)

PRESENT AND PAST TENSES.

I leave him or he has been left by me.

Guibilin co sia.

FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE.

He will be left, or let him be left by me.

Ibilin co sia.

INFINITIVE.

When he left him.

Sa pagbilin cania.

Passive of ON.

PRESENT AND PAST TENSES.

It is, or it has been written by them.

Guisulat nila.

FUTURE.

Will be written by them.

Susulaton or pagasulaton nila.

IMPERATIVE.

Let it be written by them.

Susulaton nila.

INFINITIVE.

To be written by them.

Sa pagsulat nila.

IMPERATIVE.

Write that.

Sulaton mo canÁ.

Passive of AN.

PRESENT AND PAST TENSES.

It is or has been opened by me.

Guilucaban co.

FUTURE.

Will be opened by me.

Lulucaban or pagalucaban co.

IMPERATIVE.

Let it be opened by you.

Lucaban mo.

IMPERSONAL IMPERATIVE.

Be that opened.

Lucabi or Lucabi canÁ.

Rem. The other tenses are formed by means of conjunctions and adverbs of the active conjugation. To speak well the Bisaya dialect, it is absolutely necessary to understand when and how every one of the passives must be used, and also the mechanism of their sentences, which is the more difficult part, since are so many the moods and so diverse their syntax, In order to make easy to the learners the use of the passive tenses, we shall explain them as clearly as possible by Examples.

Sell the plantation of cocoa-trees.	Ibaligya mo ang calubihan.
We have sold it now.	Guibaligya na namo.
Count the cows.	Isipon mo ang mga vaca.
We have counted them, and four are out of sight yet.	Gui-isip na namo ug culang pa ug upat ca bo-oc.
Order to have them searched at one.	Papangitaa lamang sa madali.
Water the plants, because it is very warm.	Boboan mo ang mga tanÓm, cay mainit ca-ayo.
Cover the child, because it very cold.	Taboni ang bata, cay matugnao ca-ayo.
Did you go very far?	¿Halayo ba ang imong guilactan?
I am gone as far as my brother's.	Guilactan co cutub sa balay sa acong igso-on.

Exercise XI.

Are you pleased with your servant?—I am much pleased with him, for he is lit for any thing—Has your brother returned at last from Spain?—He has returned thence, and has brought you a fine horse—Has he told his groom to bring it to me?—He has told him to bring it to you—¿What do you think of that horse?—I think that it is a fine and good one, and beg you to lead it to my brother's that he may see it—In what did you spend your time yesterday?-I went to my father's in law, and afterwards to the ball—When did that man go down in to the well?—He went down into it this morning—Has he come up again yet?—He came up an hour ago—Where is your brother?—He is in his room—Will you tell him to come down (nga manaug sia)?—I will tell him so, but he is not dressed.

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