English-Bisaya Grammar, in Twenty Eight Lessons

Of the Particle Nagapa

NAGAPA.

This particle is formed from the particles naga and pa; and signifies to allow, to order, to have done what the root points out. The active tenses are formed according to the rules laid down for naga adding invariably pa.

ACTIVE VOICE—PRESENT.

I bespeak.

AcÓ nagapabuhat

PAST TENSE.

I bespoke.

AcÓ nagpabuhat.

FUTURE.

They will bespeak.

SilÁ magapabuhat.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Order the tailor to sew.

Magpatahi ca sa mananahi.

2.a This particle admits the three passives according to the above mentioned rules for each of them.

The present and past tenses of the first passive are formed by placing Guipa, before the root, the future and imperative with Ipa, before, and the infinitive mood with Pagpa.

PRESENT TENSE.

I order to sew the shirt.

Guipatahi co ang sinina.

PAST TENSE.

I have had the shirt sewed.

Guipatahi co ang sinina.

FUTURE.

You will order the shirt to be sewed.

Ipatahi mo ang sinina.

IMPERATIVE.

Order the shirt to be sewed.

Ipatahi mo ang sinina.

3.a The sentences of this first passive are formed by placing in nominative case the object of the commandment, the verb in passive voice; in genitive the orderer, and in dative, the errand.

Tell the servant to bring the portmanteau, it is on the coach, up stairs.	IpasacÁ mo sa bata ang maleta nga tua didto sa coche.
Tell him to carry this letter to the post-office.	IpadalÁ mo cania quining sulat sa correo.
Send them for grass for the horse.	Ipahatud mo canila ug compay sa cabayo.

4. a The present and past tenses of the second passive, are formed with Guipa, before the root; the future and imperative by putting Pa before the root, and On after; and the infinitive mood with Pagpa, before.

PRESENT.

I make it known.

Guipahibalo co.

PAST.

I made it known.

Guipahibalo co.

FUTURE.

You will make it known.

Pahibaloon mo.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Make it known.

Pahibaloon mo, pahibaloa.

5.a The sentences of this passive are formed by putting the object upon which the action falls in nominative case: the verb, in passive voice; in genitive, the errand person; and in accusative that who performs the thing, if there be. Ex:

I ordered the servant to call the tailor.	Guipa-anhi co sa bata ang magtatahi.
Did you order to buy the hemp I recommended you?	Guipapalit mo ba ang lanot nga guitogon co canimo?
Order your sister to sew the shirt, because the Easter is approaching.	Patahion mo sa sinina ang imong igso-on, cay hadool na ang Pasco.

6.a The present and past tenses of passive the third, are formed by putting Guipa, before the root and An after: the future and the imperative with Pa before, and An after; and the infinitive mood by placing Pagpa, before the root.

I order or I ordered to sweep.	Guipasilhigan co.
You will order to sweep.	Pasilhigan mo, pasilhigi.
Order to sweep.	Pasilhigan mo.
Try to carry me to your house, for I do not feel very well.	Ipadangat mo acÓ unta sa imong balay, cay masÁquitsÁquit acÓ.
When God be pleased to take us into heaven, we shall enjoy with everlasting pleasures.	Cun padangaton quitÁ sa Dios sa langit, pagahiagoman ta ang mga ca-ayohan nga langitnon.
Please accept the present I send you, as a proof of your presence in my thoughts.	Dauata ang regalo nga guipadalÁ co canimo, sa tima-an sa acong paghinumdum canimo.

7.a The sentences of this passive are formed by placing the spot, person or thing in nominative case; the verb in the third passive; the orderer in genitive; in dative the errand-boy, and in accusative the errand. Examples:

I have told you, to pay the workmen three mex a day.	Guipasoholan co canimo ang mga magbubuhat tagotlo capisos ang adlao.
Would to God, that the Judge compel them to restore me the one hundred dollars they have stolen from me.	Agad pa unta, nga pabayran acÓ canila sa hocom sa usÁ ca gatÚs ca pisos nga guicauat nila canaco.
Have the kindness to tell your cousin to help me to load the cocoa-nuts into the vessel.	Ug ma-arang sa imong buut, patabangan mo acÓ sa imong ig-agao sa paglulan sa mga lubi sa sacayan.

8.a The negative sentences are formed in Bisaya by means of the adverbs Dili, uala and ayao.

Dili is employed in the future sentences, and is formed with the particles of imperative mood, and sometimes of indicative.

Uala, is made use of, when the sentence is of past time, and is formed like Dili.

Ayao, is employed to forbid any thing, and its sentences are formed with the particle pag, and sometimes with mag. Examples:

Think about the four last things, and you will not sin.	Maghunahuna ca sa mga caolahian mo ug dili icao macasalÁ.
You did not hear mass this morning.	Caniha sa buntag uala icao sumingba.
Compel me not to eat because I am not fond of that.	Ayao icao maglugus canaco sa pagcaon, cay dili acÓ mahagugma niana.

Exercise XVII.

How far are we going?—We are going as far as the Church—Are you going as far as the river?—No: I am going as far as Dauis—Have you ever stolen any thing?—I have never stolen any thing—Do you dye any thing?—I dye my hat—What color do you dye it?—I dye it black—Do you get your hat dyed?—I get it dyed green—What hat has the boy?—He has two hats, a white one and a black one—How far does this road lead?—It leads as far as Baclayon—Where does your friend live?—He lives on this side of the road—Is the garden of your sister on this or that side of the wood?—It is on that side—Would you be sorry if your mother were to arrived to day?—I should rather be gladded for it—Are you angry with me?—No: I am angry with Miss. Valeriane who went to the ball without telling me a word of it.

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