l.a The diminutive adjectives not only express diminution, but also an accessory idea of either tenderness, love or contempt.
The diminutives are formed in Bisaya by means of the adjective diutay. When they have but two syllables, are formed by duplicating the root, and also, by placing the syllables la, li, lo, after the first letter of the root, Ex:
Small horse. | Diutay nga cabayo. |
Small eyes. | Mata mata. |
Small house. | Balay balay. |
Slight fault. | Sayop nga diutay. |
2.a The adjectives of ma, become diminutives by putting before, the particle malo, as:
Somewhat valiant. | Malomaisug. |
Somewhat fat. | Matolotambuc. |
3.a The same adjectives become diminutives by duplicating the root, as:
Somewhat sweet. | Matam-istam-is. |
Somewhat bitter. | Mapait-pait. |
4.a Adding a, to the nouns, are formed diminutives expressing contempt or disregard, as:
Worthless woman. | Babayeha. |
Nag. | Cabayoa. |
5.a When this letter a is added, but not in contemptible sense, serves to point out that the subject or object is unknown to us, as:
What kind of medicine is that? | ¿Onsa nga tambala cana? |
What kind of tree is that? | ¿Onsa ba ang calainan nianang cahuya? |
Degrees of Comparison
The degrees of comparison are formed in Bisaya by adding to the superiority Lapi pa, to the equality ingon, and to the inferiority, as we have seen, Diutay pa.
Ex.
Large. | DacÓ. |
Larger. | Labi pa nga dacÓ. |
Largest. | Ang labing dacÓ. |
Small. | Diutay. |
Smaller. | Labi pa nga diutay. |
Smallest. | Ang labing diutay. |
Well, Good. | Maayo. |
Better. | Labi pang maayo. |
Best. | Ang labing maayo. |
Bad. | Dautan. |
Worse. | Labi pang dautan. |
Worst. | Ang labi nga dautan. |
More. | Labi pa. |
Less. | Diutay pa. |
More, than. | Labi pa; daghan pa, sa. |
Less, than. | Diriot pa; culang pa, sa. |
Very much. | Caayo or uyamut. |
As much, as. | Magsama sa cadaghan, ug. |
Not as much. | Dili ingon. |
Ex:
Have you as many friends as I? | ¿Magsama ba sa cadaghan sa mga higala mo ug ang aco? |
I have less money than he. | Diriot pa ang acong salapi sa iya. |
This book is small, that is smaller, and that is the smallest of all. | Quining libro diutay man, cadto labi pang diutay, ug cari mao ang lab ng diutay sa ngatanan. |
This hat is large, but that is larger. | Quining calo dacÓ man, apan cadto labi pang dacÓ. |
Is your hat as large as mine? | ¿Ang imong calo dacÓ ba ingon sa aco? |
It is not so large as your. | Diutay pa sa imo? |
Do your children write as much as we? | Ang Pagsulat sa imong mga anac tagingon ba sa pagsulat namo? |
Do you read as often as I? | ¿Nagabasa ca ba sa masubsub ingon canaco? |
As early as you. | Masayo ingon canimo. |
God is the best Father. | Ang Dios mao ang lobing maayo nga Amahan. |
Remarks l.a The comparative of inferiority is formed by translating the adverbs less by diutay, diriut pa, ingon nga, culang, and than, into sa.
Ex.
I have less rice than coffee. | Diriut pa ang acong bugÁs sa capÉ. |
Your father is less wise tan mine. | Ang amahan mo culang sa quinaadman sa aco. |
Your ring is not so nice as my mother's. | Ang singsing mo dili ingon nga maanindut sa can nanay. |
2.a The comparative of equality is formed by translating the adverbs as or so into magsama, and the second adverb as into ug, and both terms of comparison in nominative case, as:
Ex:
Have you as many friends as I? | ¿Magsama ba ang cadaghan sa mga higala mo ug ang aco? |
3.a The comparative of superiority is formed by translating more by labi pa, and than into sa; and also into dili, but in this case, both terms of comparison must be placed in nominative case, like in the comparatives of majority and of inferiority: Ex.
Honor is more precious that riches. | Labi pang tacus higugmaon ang catahod-an sa pagcadaghan sa catigayonan |
4.a The relation of majority more, may be also rendered by daghan pa, and than, by sa or dili.
Ex:
I have more silver than gold. | Daghan pa ang acong salapi sa bulaoan co, or (dili ang bulaoan co). |
I have less shoes than hats. | Diutay pa ang mga sapin co, dili ang acong mga calo. |
Exercise VI
I have as much money as you—Have you as many friends as I?—We have less money than they—This book is small, that is smaller, and that is the smallest of all—This hat is large, but that is larger—Is your hat as large as mine? It is larger than yours—Do your children write as much as we?—They write more than you—My father has more silver than gold—Your ring is not so nice as my mother's—Your father is less wise than mine—I have less rice than coffee—Do you read as often as I?—Do you listen to what your brother tell you?—Yes, I listen to it—God is the best Father.