' stands before the stressed syllable.
· indicates length of the preceding sound.

[a·] as in alms.
[ai] as in ice.
[au] as in house.
[Æ] as in hat.
[ei] as in hate.
[?] as in care; Fr. tel.
[?] indistinct vowels.
[i] as in fill; Fr. qui.
[i·] as in feel; Fr. fille.
[o] as in Fr. seau.
[ou] as in so.
[?] open o-sounds.
[u] as in full; Fr. fou.
[u·] as in foorl; Fr. Épouse.
[y] as in Fr. vu.
[?] as in cut.
[Ø] as in Fr. feu.
[oe] as in Fr. soeur.
[~] French nasalization.
[c] as in G. ich.
[x] as in G., Sc. loch.
[Ð] as in this.
[j] as in you.
[Þ] as in thick.
[?] as in she.
[?] as in measure.
[’] in Russian palatalization, in Danish glottal stop.