  The following abbreviations are employed: AB = Assyriologische Bibliothek, ed. by Friedrich Delitzsch and Paul Haupt. Periodicals, the volumes of which correspond to years, are quoted by the years; others, by the volumes, or by series, or by series and volumes. Roman numerals indicate volumes, except in the case of PAOS, where they indicate pages; Arabic numerals indicate pages or plates. I.Excavations.—Method of Decipherment.—History of Babylonia and Assyria.—Origin and General Aspects of Babylonian And Assyrian Culture.—General Bibliography.(a) Excavations and Decipherment.Kaulen, Fr.—Assyrien und Babylonien nach den neuesten Entdeckungen. (4th ed. Freiburg 1891.) [Popular account of excavations, method of decipherment, Babylonian literature and architecture. A work in English of this character is much to be desired. See also Hommel, F.—Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. Berlin 1885. pp. 30-134; Evetts, B. A.—New Light on the Holy Land. London 1891. pp. 79-129.] (b) History.Duncker, Max.—Geschichte des Alterthums. Vols. I. and II, (5th ed. Berlin 1878.) [Also English translation of earlier edition.] Hommel, F.—Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (Berlin 1885.) ---- Geschichte des alten Morgenlandes. (Stuttgart 1895.) [Chapters I., IV.-VIII.] Lenormant, FranÇois [and Ernest Babelon].—Histoire ancienne de l'Orient. Vol. IV. (9th ed. Paris 1885.) Maspero, G.—The Dawn of Civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea. (London 1894.) ---- The Struggle of the Nations: Egypt, Syria, and Assyria. (London 1896.) [Replacing earlier historical works of this author.] Meyer, Ed.—Geschichte des Alterthums. Vol. 1. (Stuttgart 1884.) Muerdter und Delitzsch.—Kurzgefasste Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (2d ed. Stuttgart 1891.) Ragozin, Z.—(1) The Story of Chaldea. (2) The Story of Assyria. (New York 1886-1887.) Rawlinson, George.—The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World. Vols. I.-III. (4th ed. London 1879.) [Antiquated, but still of some use.] Rogers, R. W.—Outlines of the History of Early Babylonia. (Leipzig 1895.) Schmidt, Valdemar.—Assyriens og Aegyptens gamle Historie. (Copenhagen 1872-1877.) [pp. 347-461] Tiele, C. P.—Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte. (Gotha 1886.) [The best history that has as yet been published.] Wachsmuth, Curt.—Einleitung in das Studium der alten Geschichte. (Leipzig 1895.) [pp. 365-403 "Babylonier und Assyrier,"—indication of ancient and modern sources for the study.] Winckler, Hugo.—Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (Leipzig 1892.) (c) Origin and General Aspects of Babylonian-Assyrian Culture.Baumstark, A.—Babylon and Babylonia. [In Pauly-Wissowa's Real Encyclopaedie, II. cols. 2667-2718.] Bezold, C.—Assyria. [Ib. II. cols. 1751-1771.] Hommel, F.—Der Babylonische Ursprung der Aegyptischen Kultur. (Munich 1892.) Ihering, Rudolph Von.—Vorgeschichte der Indo-EuropÄer. (Leipzig 1894.) 2tes Buch, 'Arier und Semiten,' pp. 93-305. [A most suggestive sketch of the development and influence of Babylonian culture; also in English translation, 'The Evolution of the Aryan.' New York 1897.] Nikel, Johannes.—Herodot und die Keilschriftforschung. (Paderborn 1896.) Peiser, F. E.—Skizze der Babylonischen Gesellschaft. (Berlin 1896.) [Brief but capital sketch of Babylonian culture and social life.] (d) Bibliography.Bezold, C.—Kurzgefasster Ueberblick Über die Babylonisch-Assyrische Literatur. (Leipzig 1886.) [A new edition is needed of this most valuable work.] Delitzsch, Friedrich.—'Litteratura' in the appendix to his 'Assyrian Grammar.' (London 1889.) pp. 55-78. Kaulen, Fr.—Assyrien und Babylonien (as above), pp. 248-266. Lincke, A.—Bericht Über die Fortschritte der Assyriologie in den Jahren 1886-1893. (Leipzig 1894.) Full bibliographical reports are given in: (1) The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (University of Chicago; quarterly). (2) JahrbÜcher fÜr Geschichte, ed. by I. Jastrow and E. Berner (Berlin; annual). (3) Orientalische Bibliographie, ed. by Lucian Scherman (Berlin; semi-annual). (4) Zeitschrift fÜr Assyriologie, ed. by C. Bezold (Munich; quarterly). (5) Revue d'Assyriologie et d'ArchÉologie Orientale, ed. by J. Oppert and E. Ledrain (Paris; published at irregular intervals). II.General Works and Articles on the Religion of Babylonia and Assyria.Berger, P.—'Assyrie' in Lichtenberger's 'EncyclopÉdie des Sciences Religieuses.' Boscawen, W. St. Chad.—Lectures on the Religion of Babylonia [abstract] BOR III. 118-120, 150-163. ---- The Religion of Babylonia in 'Religious Systems of the World.' (Swan Sonnenschein & Co. 1896. pp. 15-25.) Delitzsch, Friedrich.—The Religion of the Kassites. H 1885. 189-191. [From Delitzsch's 'Sprache der Kossaer.' Leipzig 1884. pp. 51-54.] Eerdmans, B. D.—Babylonian-Assyrian Religion. [In 'Progress,' a publication issued by the University Association, Chicago, Ill. 3d series, No. 6 (1897), pp. 403-415.] Finzi, Felice.—Ricerche per lo Studio dell' Antichita Assira. (Rome 1872.) Libro Secondo. Mitologia, pp. 433-554. [General sketch of the religion, more particularly of the pantheon and legends of Babylonia and Assyria.] Guyard, S.—Bulletin de la Religion Assyro-Babylonienne. RHR I. 327-345; V. 253-278. HalÉvy, Joseph.—La Religion des Anciens Babyloniens et son plus recent historien M. Sayce. RHR XVII. 169-218. [Elaborate review of Sayce's work on the 'Religion of the Babylonians,' with summary of HalÉvy's own views.] Heuzey, Leon.—Description of Monuments in De Sarzec's 'DÉcouvertes en ChaldÉe.' (Paris 1889-1891.) pp. 77-240. [Contains much valuable information on religious art, votive objects, representations of religious ceremonies. The publication is not yet complete.] Hewitt, J. F.—Early History of Northern India, Part III. JRAS, 1889, 527-583. [An attempt to trace the origin of Indian civilization to emigrants from southern Babylonia. The investigation has little value.] Hincks, Edward.—On the Assyrian Mythology. RIA Transactions XXII. Polite Literature, 1854, 405-422. Hommel, F.—Die Semitischen VÖlker und Sprachen. (Leipzig 1883.) pp. 356-396. Die Religion der alten Babylonier, pp. 266-356. Sprache und Literatur der Sumero-Akkadier. [Specimens of hymns and incantations.] Jeremias, Friedrich.—'Die Babylonier und Assyrier' in Chantepie de la Saussaye's 'Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte.' (2d ed. Freiburg 1897.) I. 163-221. [An excellent sketch of the Babylonian-Assyrian religion.] Lenormant, FranÇois.—Les Sciences Occultes en Asie. I. La Magie chez les ChaldÉens et les Origines Accadiennes. II. La Divination et la Science des PrÉsages chez les ChaldÉens. (Paris 1874-1875.) [Also in English translation (in part) under the title 'Chaldaean Magic.' London 1877.] Loisy, A.—Études sur la Religion ChaldÉo-Assyrienne. (RR, 1890-1892.) [Seven articles.] Meyer, Ed.—Geschichte des Alterthums. I. 174-183. (Stuttgart 1884.) MÜrdter und Delitzsch.—Kurzgefasste Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (2d ed. Stuttgart 1891.) pp. 23-53. Oppert, J.—'Babylone et ChaldÉe' in Lichtenberger's 'Encyclopedie des Sciences Religieuses.' Pinches, T. G.—The Religious Ideas of the Babylonians. JTVI XXVIII. 1-22. PressensÈ, E. de.—La Religion ChaldÉo-Assyrienne. RHR XIV. 73-94. Rawlinson, George.—The Religions of the Ancient World. (New York 1883.) [Chapter II.—The Religion of the Assyrians and Babylonians.] ---- The Religion of Assyria in 'Religious Systems of the World.' (Swan Sonnenschein & Co. London 1896.) pp. 26-41. Rawlinson, H. C.—The Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians. [In George Rawlinson's 'The History of Herodotus.' London 1859. Vol. I. Essay X.] Sayce, A. H.—The Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Religion of the Ancient Babylonians. (London 1887.) [Brilliant and suggestive, but unreliable in details. The translations attached to the volume are to be accepted with caution. See HalÉvy's elaborate review, RHR XVII. 169-218.] Strong, S. A.—Die Religion der Babylonier. [Announced to appear.] Schwally, F.—'Die Religion der Babylonier und Assyrier,' in Friedrich von Hellwald's 'Kulturgeschichte in ihrer natÜrlichen Entwicklung bis zur Gegenwart.' (4th ed. Leipzig 1896.) I. 423-433. Tiele, C. P.—Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte. (1886.) pp. 515-557. Religion: Die Mythologie und Glaubenslehre. ---- Vergelijkende Geschiedenis der Aegyptische en Mesopotamische Godsdiensten. (Amsterdam 1869.) pp. 282-413. De Godsdienst van Babel en Assur. [French translation (abridged) by G. Collins, 'Histoire ComparÉe des Anciennes Religions de l'Egypte et des Peuples Semitiques.' Paris 1882, pp. 145-255. La Religion de Babylonie et de l'Assyrie. Also English translation by J. Ballingue. 1882.] ---- Geschichte der Religion im Alterthum bis auf Alexander den Grossen. (Gotha 1895.) I. 127-216. Die Religion in Babylonien und Assyrien. [Also in Dutch. Amsterdam 1893.] III.Pantheon, Gods, Spirits, Heroes.Ball, C. J.—Tammuz, the Swine-god. PSBA XVI. 195-200. Barton, G. A.—The Semitic Ishtar Cult. H IX. 131-165; X. 1-73. ---- Was Ilu Ever a Distinct Deity in Babylonia? H X. 206, 207. Bezold, C.—A Cuneiform List of Gods. PSBA XI. 173, 174; see also IX. 377. ---- Note on the god Addu or Daddu. Ib. p. 377. ---- Ueber Keilinschriftliche Babylonisch-Assyrische GÖttertypen. ZA IX. 114-125, 405-409. Chwolson, D. A.—Ueber TammÛz und die Menschenverehrung bei den alten Babyloniern. (St. Petersburg 1860.) De Cara, Caesare.—Identificazione d'Iside e d'Osiride con Ishtar ed Ashur. 8th ICO, Section Semitique 2me Fasc, 275-278. Delitzche, Friedrich.—Article on 'Thammuz' in 'Calwer, Bibellexikon.' (Calw und Stuttgart 1885.) ---- Articles on Dagon, Merodach, Nebo, Nergal, Nisroch, Rimmon. Ib. Eerdmans, B.—Goddess  (or Malkatu) in 'Melekdienst en Vereering von Hemellichamen in Israel's Assyrische Periode.' (Leiden 1891.) pp. 73-82. Guyard, S.—Le Dieu Assyrien Ninib. RC, 1879, 1er Mars. Hoffmann, G.—Neue und Alte GÖtter (Nin-gal, Nusku, Ea, Nabu, Gibil, Ninib, Nergal, Sin). ZA XI. 258-292. [Chiefly discussions of symbols of these deities found upon seal cylinders.] Hommell, Fritz.—Die IdentitÄt der Ältesten Babylonischen und Aegyptischen GÖttergenealogie und der Babylonische Ursprung der Aegyptischen Kultur. 9th ICO II. 218-244. ---- Note on Ninib. PSBA XIX. 312-314. Jastrow, Morris, Jr.—On the Assyrian Kuduru and the Ring of the Sun-god in the Abu-Habba Tablet. PAOS, Oct. 1888. XCV.-XCVIII. Jensen, P.—Ueber einige Sumero-Akkadische und Babylonisch-Assyrische GÖtternamen. ZA, 1886. I. 1-24. [Anshar, Ashur, Igigi, DÛzu, or Tammuz. Cf. Schrader's remarks, ib. pp. 209-217.] ---- Die GÖtter Amurru und Ashratu. ZA XI. 302-305. ---- Nik(k)al-Sharratu; Sharratu in Harran. ZA XI. 293-301. Jeremias, A.—Articles on Ashur, Marduk, Nebo, Nergal, Shamash, Sin, Tammuz in Roscher's 'AusfÜhrliches Lexikon der Griechischen und RÖmischen Mythologie.' [Articles on Adar, Anu, Anunnaki, Ea, Etana announced to appear in the supplement to Roscher's 'AusfÜhrliches Lexikon,' etc.] Lenormant, FranÇois.—Il mito di Adone-Tammuz nei documenti cuneiformi. 4th ICO, 1878. I. 143-173. ---- Sur le nom de Tammuz. 1st ICO II. 149-165. ---- Les Dieux de Babylone et de l'Assyrie. (Paris 1877.) Luzzato, P.—L'Existence d'un Dieu Assyrien nommÉ Semiramis. JA, 4th Series, XVII. 465-480. Lyon, D. G.—Was there at the Head of the Babylonian Pantheon a Deity bearing the Name El? PAOS, May 1883, clxiv.-clxviii. ---- The Pantheon of Assurbanipal. PAOS, Oct. 1888, xciv., xcv. Menant, J.—Le Mythe de Dagon. RHR XI. 295-301. [Also in 'Les Pierres GravÉes de la Haute Asie. Recherches de la Glyptique Orientale.' Paris 1883.] ---- Le PanthÉon Assyro-ChaldÉen. Les Beltis. RHR VIII. 489-519. [The representation of goddesses engraved on seal cylinders. See also 'Les Pierres GravÉes de la Haute Asie,' etc., as above.] Meyer, Eduard.—Articles Baal and Astarte (with references to Bel and Ishtar) in Roscher's 'AusfÜhrliches Lexikon der Griechischen und RÖmischen Mythologie.' Nicolsky, M. V.—La DÉesse des Cylindres et des Statuettes Babyloniennes. RAr, 3me sÉrie, XX. 36-43. Offord, J.—The Nude Goddess in Assyro-Babylonian Art. PSPA XVIII. 156, 157. Oppert, Jules.—La Vraie Assimilation de la DivinitÉ de Tello. CR, 1884, 231-233. ---- Le Dieu de Sirtella [i.e., Lagash]. ZK II. 261, 262. [M. Oppert accepts the reading Nin-girsu first proposed by Arthur Amlaud. Ib. pp. 151, 152.] ---- Adad. ZA IX. 310-314. [Discussion of pronunciation. See also Hilprecht, 'Assyriaca,' pp. 76-78, and Jastrow, AJSL XII. 143.] Pinches, Theo. G.—Note upon the divine name Â. PSBA XIII. 25-27, 42-56. ---- Was Ninib the Most High God of Salem? Ib. XVI. 225-229. ---- The Pronunciation of the Name of the Plague-god, Urra not Dibbarra. BOR I. 207, 208. [See Scheil, RT. XX. 57.] ---- A Bilingual List of Assyrian Gods. Academy, 1887, No. 816. [See Evetts, ib. No. 819.] Rawlinson, H. C.—Notes on Captain Durand's Report upon the Islands of Bahrein. JRAS, 1880, 201-227. [Contains important remarks on the origin of Ea worship at the Persian Gulf, pp. 202-208.] Reisner, George.—The Different Classes of Babylonian Spirits. PAOS, April 1892, cxcv., cxcvi. Revillout, E. and V.—Istar Taribi. BOR II. 57-59. Robiou, F. A.—A Study on Egyptian and Babylonian Triads. IAQR, 1894. Sayce, A. H.—Who was Dagon? SST, 1893, No. 21. ---- The God Ramman. ZA II. 331, 332. Scheil, Fr. V.—Le Dieu-roi Bur-Sin PlanÈte. ZA XII. 265, 266. ---- Ishtar sous la symbole de la vache. RT XX. 62. ---- Le Culte de Gudea. RT XVIII. 64-74. Schrader, E.—Die GÖttin Ishtar als Malkatu und Sharratu. ZA III. 353-364; IV. 74, 75 ---- Die Malkat hash-Shamayim und ihr AramÄisch-Assyrisches Aequivalent. KAW Sitzungsberichte, 1886, 477-491. [See also Stade in ZATW VI. 123-132; 289-339; and Kuenen KAA Afdeeling 'Letterkunde,' 1888, 157-189.] Talbot, H. Fox.—The Legend of Ishtar Descending to Hades. TSBA II. 179-212. See also RPI, 141-149. Thureau-Daugin, Fr.—La Lecture de l'IdÉogramme AN-IM (Ramman). JA, 9th Series, II. 385-393. [See also Oppert, ib. pp. 393-396.] Tiele, C. P.—- La DÉesse Ishtar surtout dans le mythe Babylonien. 6th ICO, Part II. Section I. 493-506. [See also discussion in the Comptes Rendus of the Congress, pp. 87-91.] ---- Die Beteekenis van Ea en zijn verkoudung tot Marduk en NabÛ. KAA Verslagen en Mededeelingen 'Letterkunde,' 1887, 67-81. Ward, W. H.—The Babylonian Gods in Babylonian Art. PAOS, May 1890, xv.-xviii. ---- Was there a Babylonian Gate-god? Academy, 1888, No. 847. Winckler, H.—Die Istar von Nineve in Egypten. MVG I. 286-289. Witte, J. de.—Sur le nom de Thamouz attribuÉ À Adonis. M, 1887, 81 seq. Zehnpfund, R.—Altbabylonische GÖtter und Heldensagen. BAZ, 1891, Nos. 39, 40, 52, 56, 63. IV.Religious Texts.Hymns, Incantations, Omens, Oracles, Prayers, Legends, Myths, Votive Texts. Ball, C. J.—A Bilingual Hymn (IVR 46, 5-19) PSBA XV. 51-54. ---- A Babylonian Ritual Text. JRAS, 1892, 841-853. Banks, E. J.—Sumerisch-Babylonische Hymnen der von George Reisner herausgegebenen Sammlung, umschrieben, Übersetzt und erklÄrt. (Breslau 1897.) Barton, G. A.—Esarhaddon's Account of the Restoration of Ishtar's Temple at Erech. PAOS, May 1891, cxxx.-cxxxii. Bertin, G.—Akkadian Hymn to the Setting Sun. RP, new series, II. 190-193. Bezold, C.—Remarks on Some Unpublished Cuneiform Syllabaries with Respect to Prayers and Incantations written in Interlinear Form. PSBA X. 418-423. ---- Translation and Analysis of a Hymn to the Sun-god (Sp III.). RA I. 157-161. Boissier, Alfred.—Deux Documents Assyriens relatifs aux PrÉsages. RS I. 63-70, 168-172. ---- Documents Assyriens relatifs aux PrÉsages. [Vols. I. and II., Paris 1894-1897. Vol. III. announced.] ---- Notes d'Assyriologie. RS VI. 143-151. [Two texts—a Prayer and an Incantation.] Boscawen, W. St. Chad.—The Babylonian Legend of the Serpent Tempter. BOR IV. 251-255. ---- Babylonian Teraphim. BOR I. 39, 40. ---- The Legend of the Tower of Babel. RP III. 129-132; also in the TSBA V. 303-312. [The interpretation is erroneous.] BrÜnnow, R.—Assyrian Hymns. ZA IV. 1-40, 225-258; V. 55-80. [Hymns to Shamash, Marduk, and Ishtar.] Budge, Ernest A.—Assyrian Incantations to Fire and Water. RP XI. 133-138; also in TSBA VI. 420-435. Craig, Jas. A.—Prayer of the Assyrian King Ashurbanipal. H X. 75-87. ---- Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts, Vols. I. and II. (Leipzig 1895-1897.) AB XIII. [Announces also volumes of texts (1) Prayers to Shamash and Ramman, and (2) Series 'Illumination of Bel.'] ---- K 69 (a hymn). ZA XI. 276. ---- An Assyrian Incantation to the God Sin, cir. 650 B.C. H XI. 101-109. Delattre, A. J.—The Oracles Given in Favor of Esarhaddon. RP, new series, III. 25-31; see also BOR III. 25-31. Delitzsch, Friedrich.—Babylonisch-Assyrisches Psalmbuch. [Announced to appear in the 'Abhandlungen der kÖniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig.'] ---- Assyrische LesestÜcke. (Leipzig 1885. 3d ed.) [Contains a selection of religious texts as follows: pp. 93-99, Creation tablets; 99-104, Deluge episode; 117, 118, Oracle to Esarhaddon; 130-132, Incantations; 134-136, Hymn to Ishtar.] Evetts, B. T. A.—An Assyrian Religious Text. PSBA X. 478, 479 and two plates. [Apparently a royal prayer.] HalÉvy, J.—Assyrian Fragments. RP XI. 157-162. [Part of a hymn, of a penitential psalm, etc.] ---- Documents religieux de l'Assyrie et de la Babylonie. (Paris 1882.) ---- Textes religieux Babyloniens en double Redaction. RS IV. 150-160, 245-251, 344-348. ---- 'Les Inscriptions peints de Citium' in 'MÉlanges de Critique et d'Histoire,' pp. 165-196. [Translation in large part and discussion of Ishtar's descent into the nether world.] Harper, Edward T.—Die Babylonischen Legenden von Etana, Zu, Adapa und Dibbarra. BA II. 390-521. [See also Academy 1891, No. 976.] Haupt, Paul.—Akkadische und Sumerische Keilschrifttexte. (Leipzig 1881-1882.) [Contains pp. 75-79, 82-106 Incantations; 79, 115-131 Hymns and Psalms.] Jastrow, Morris, Jr.—A fragment of the Babylonian "Dibbarra" Epic. Publications of the University of Pennsylvania. Series in Philology, Literature, and Archaeology, Vol. 1., No. 2. (Boston 1891.) ---- A new Fragment of the Babylonian Etana Legend. BA III. 363-384. Jensen, P.—De Incantamentorum Sumerico-Assyrorum seriei quae dicitur "surbu" Tabula VI. ZK I. 279-322; II. 15-61; also 306-311, 416-425. [Appeared as a revised and separate publication under same title with the addition of the words "commentatio Philologica." Munich, Straub, 1885.] ---- Hymnen auf das Wiedererscheinen der drei grossen LichtgÖtter. ZA II. 76-94, 191-204. [Hymns to Sin, Shamash, and Ishtar. A volume by Jensen, embodying translation of religious texts is in course of preparation for Schrader's 'Keitschriftliche Bibliothek.'] Jeremias, A.—Die HÖllenfahrt der Ishtar. Eine altbabylonische BeschwÖrungslegende. (Munich 1886.) King, L. W.—Babylonian Magic and Sorcery, being 'the Prayers of the Lifting of the Hand.' (London 1896.) ---- New Fragments of the Dibbarra Legend. ZA XI. 50-62. Knudtzon, J. A.—Assyrische Gebete an den Sonnengott fÜr Staat und kÖnigliches Haus aus der Zeit Asarhaddons und Assurbanipals. Band I. Autographierte Texte; Band II. Einleitung, Umschrift und ErklÄrung Verzeichnisse. (Leipzig 1893.) Lenormant, FranÇois.—Chaldaean Hymns to the Sun. RP X. 119-128. ---- Hymne au Soleil. Texte primitif Accadien. JA, 7th Series, XII. 378; XIII. 1-98; postscriptum ib. XIV. 264, 265. ---- Une Incantation Magique ChaldÉenne. RAr, 2d Series, XXXIV. 254-262. ---- Lettres Assyriologiques. 2me SÉrie Études Accadiennes, Vols. II. and III. (Paris 1874-1879.) [Contains numerous hymns and incantations accompanied by a French translation.] ---- Translations of religious texts in 'Les Origines de l'Histoire d'aprÈs la Bible et les Traditions des Peuples orientaux.' (Paris 1880-1882.) 2 vols. Lyon, D. G.—Assyrian and Babylonian Royal Prayers. PAOS, October 1888. XCIII., XCIV. ---- On a Sacrificial Tablet from Sippar. PAOS, May 1886, xxx. Messerschmidt, L.—Tabula VA. Th. 246, Babylonica MuseÏ Berolinensis primum editur commentarioque instruitur. (Kirchhain 1896.) [A hymn.] Oppert, J.—'Chants et Invocations' in Eichoff and David 'Chef d'oeuvres litteraires de l'Inde, de la Perse, de l'Egypte et de la Chine.' (Paris.) II. 211-219. [Translations of selected prayers, hymns, and incantations.] —— Fragments Mythologiques. (Paris 1882.) [Reprints of several articles.] ---- Translation of III. Rawlinson, pl. 65, in JA, 6th Series, XVIII. 449-453. ---- Hymnes en Sumerien et en Accadien ou Assyrien, 1st ICO. II. 217-224. [A hymn to Ishtar in dialogue form.] ---- Le Champ SacrÉ de la DÉesse NinÂ. CR, 1893, 326-344. See also ZA VII. 360-374. [Contains important remarks about the goddess NinÂ, in connection with the text published by Hilprecht, 'Old Babylonian Inscriptions', I. 1, pls. 30, 31.] ---- Traduction de Quelques Textes Assyriens.... Louange du Dieu Nibir et de ses sept Attributions. 4th ICO I. 233-235. ---- L'ImmortalitÉ de l'Âme chez les ChaldÉens. (Paris 1875.) [Legend of Ishtar's descent to the lower world.] ---- Chant en Sumerien et en Assyrien sur une ÉpidÉmie. JA, 7th Series, I. 289-293. [Translation of tablet K 1284 (incantation against Namtar) and of IIR 19.] ---- Notice sur d'anciennes formules d'Incantation et autres dans une langue antÉrieure au Babylonien. JA, 7th Series, I. 113-122. [Translation of II Rawl. 17, 18.] ---- Babylonian legends found at Khorsabad. RP XI. 41-44. [See also translations of various religious texts in 'Expedition Scientifique en Mesopotamie,' pp. 328-350.] Peiser, F. E.—Ein Satz in den BeschwÖrungsformeln. ZA II. Pinches, T. G.—An Erechite's Lament. RP, new series, I. 84, 85. [A penitential psalm with historical references; see also BOR I, 21-23.] ---- The Oracle of Ishtar of Arbela. RP XI. 59-72; also RP, new series, V. 129-140. ---- Sin-Gashid's Gift to the Temple Ê-Ana. BOR I. 8-11. See also RP, new series, I. 78-83. ---- and E. A. W. Budge.—Some New Texts in the Babylonian Character, relating Principally to the Restoration of Temples. PSBA, 1884. pp. 179-182. Rawlinson, H. C.—A Selection from the Miscellaneous Inscriptions of Western Asia. Vol. IV. 2d ed. revised (and with additions) by T. G. Pinches. (London 1891.) [This fourth volume of the publications of tablets in the British Museum is almost exclusively devoted to religious texts. In the other volumes some texts of this character will be found as follows: Vol. II. pls. 17-19, incantations; 51-61, names and titles of gods and temples; miscellaneous. Vol. III. pls. 61-65, astronomical and astrological reports, omen tablets and portents; 66-69, lists and titles of gods and temples; miscellaneous. Vol. V. pl. 31, omen tablets (with explanations); 43, titles of Nebo, etc.; 46, No. 2, lists of gods and their epithets; 47, prayer (with commentary); 48, 49, religious calendar; 50, 51, hymn to Shamash. Note also that many of the historical tests in Vols. I.-V. contain invocations to gods.] Reisner, George.—Sumerisch-Babylonische Hymnen nach Thontafeln Griechischer Zeit. (Berlin 1896.) KÖnigliche Museen zu Berlin. Mittheilungen aus den Orientalischen Sammlungen No. X. Sayce, A. H.—Accadian Hymn to Istar. RP I. 155-160. ---- Accadian Poem on the Seven Evil Spirits. Ib. IX. 144-148. ---- An Accadian Liturgy. Ib. III. 125-130. ---- An Accadian Penitential Hymn. Ib. VII. 151-156. ---- Ancient Babylonian Charms. Ib. III. 145-154. [Shurpu Series, 6th Tablet.] ---- An Assyrian Talismanic Tablet. BOR III. 17, 18. ---- Babylonian Augury by means of Geometrical Figures. TSBA IV. 302-314. ----Fragment of an Assyrian Prayer after a Bad Dream. RP IX. 149-152. Sayce, A. H.—Babylonian Exorcisms. Ib. I. 131-135. ---- Tables of Omens Furnished by Dogs and Births. Ib. V. 167-176. ---- The Dedication of three Babylonians to the service of the Sun-god at Sippara. RP, new series, IV. 109-113. [Interpretation false.] ---- The Overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah (Accadian Account). RP XI. 115-118. [Title, translation, and Interpretation alike fanciful.] ---- Two Accadian Hymns. Ib. XI. 129-132. ---- Two Hymns to the Sun-god [in preface, pp. ix.-x., to RP, new series, IV., 1890]. [Copious translations of magical texts, hymns, legends, etc., by Sayce in Hibbert Lectures on 'The Religion of the Ancient Babylonians.' London 1887. See especially pp. 441-540.] Scheil, F. V.—Psaume de PÉnitence ChaldÉen inedit, RB, 1896, 75-78. ---- Legende ChaldÉenne trouvÉe À El-Amarna [Adapa]. RR Mars-Avril 1891. ---- Choix des Textes Religieux Assyriens. RHR XXXVI. 197-207. ----Fragments de PoÉsie lyrique Babylonienne. RB VI. 28-30. ----Fragment mythologique avec mention de Uddushu-namir patesi. RT XX. 62, 63. ---- Hymne Babylonien avec metre appartent. ZA XI. 291-298. Schrader, E.—Die HÖllenfahrt der Ishtar. Ein Altbabylonisches Epos. (Giessen 1874.) Smith, S. A.—Miscellaneous Texts. (Leipzig 1887.) pp. 1-5, 8-10. [Portions of the Creation Series.] Strong, S. Arthur.—A Prayer of Assurbanipal. RP, new series, VI. 102-106; also 9th ICO II. 199-208. ---- Note on a Fragment of the Adapa Legend. PSBA XX. 274-279. ---- On Some Oracles to Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal. BA II. 627-645. ---- Votive Inscriptions. RP, new series, IV. 90-95. ---- A Hymn to Nebuchadnezzar. PSBA XX. 154-162. Talbot, H. Fox.—A Prayer and a Vision. TSBA I. 346-348 and RP VII. 65-68. [Ashurbanabal's prayer to Ishtar and dream sent by the goddess.] ---- Assyrian Sacred Poetry. RP III. 131-138. [Prayers and incantations.] ---- Assyrian Talismans and Exorcisms. Ib. III. 139-144. ---- War of the Seven Evil Spirits Against Heaven. Ib. V. 161-166. [Incantation text] Tallquist, K. L.—Die Assyrische BeschwÖrungsserie MaqlÛ. (Leipzig 1894.) Weissbach, F. H.—Ueber die ersten Tafeln im IV. Bande Rawlinsons. [Announced.] ---- Eine Sumerisch-Assyrische BeschwÖrungsformel IV. Rawl. 16, No. 1 in 'Melanges Charles de Harlez.' (Leiden 1896.) pp. 360-371. Winckler, H. and Abel Ludwig.—Thontafelfund von El-Amarna. (Berlin 1891.) [Vol III. pp. 166, a and b. Legend of Adapa; see Erman In KAW Sitzungsberichte XXIII. 585; Lehmann, ZA III. 380; other mythological fragments, pp. 164-165.] Zimmern, Heinrich.—Babylonische Busspsalmen, umschrieben, Übersetzt und erklÄrt. (Leipzig 1885.) BA VI. [Also published in part as a thesis.] ---- BeitrÄge zur Kenntniss der Babylonischen Religion. Erste Lieferung. Die BeschwÖrungslafeln Shurpu. (Leipzig 1896.) AB XII. ---- Zusatzbemerkungen zur Legende von Adapa. BA II. 437, 438. ---- HexenbeschwÖrungen bei den Babyloniern. BAZ, 1891, No. 337. ---- An Old Babylonian Legend from Egypt [Adapa]. SST, 1892, No. 25. V.Cosmology.Barton, G. A.—TiÂmat. JAOS XV. 1-28; also PAOS, May 1890, xiii.-xv. Brunengo, Giuseppe.—L'Impero di Babilonia e di Ninive. (2 vols. Prato 1885.) Capo I. La Cosmogonia de Caldei comparata alla Mosaica, pp. 67-85. Capo II. La Ribellione degli Angeli e la Caduta del Uomo, (i.e., Marduk and TiÂmat story), pp. 86-108. Capo IV. La Storia del Diluvio, pp. 124-140. Budge, E. A. W.—The Fourth Tablet of the Creation Series, relating to the fight between Marduk and TiÂmat. PSBA VI. 5-11. ----Fourth Tablet of the Creation Series. PSBA X. 86 and six pls. Delitzsch, Friedrich.—Texte zur WeltschÖpfung und zur Auflehnung und BekÄmpfung der Schlange TiÂmat. AL, 3d ed., 1885. pp. 93-99. ---- Das Babylonische WeltschÖpfungsepos. (Leipzig 1896.) Engel, Moritz.—Die LÖsung der Paradiesfrage. (Leipzig 1885.) HalÉvy, J.—La Cosmologie Babylonienne d'aprÈs M. Jensen. RHR XXII. 180-208. [Summary and critique of Jensen's 'Kosmologie der Babylonier.'] ---- Recherches Bibliques—L'Histoire des Origines d'aprÈs la GenÈse. Texte, Traduction et Commentaire. Tome I. GenÈse I.-XXV. (Paris 1895.) [Contains translations of the Babylonian Cosmological Texts, and discusses their bearings on the O. T. narrative. A most suggestive work.] ---- Recherches Bibliques—Chapter 28, La CrÉation et les Vicissitudes du Premier Homme. RS I. 101-117, 193-202. [Transliteration, translation, and discussion of the Babylonian Creation Tablets.] Hommel, F.—Eine Neugefundene WeltschÖpfungslegende. DR, 1892, 105-114; see also Neue Kirchliche Zeitung, I. 393 seq., II. 89 seq. ---- The Oldest Cosmogony. SST, 1891, No. 7. Jensen, P.—Die Kosmologie der Babylonier. Studien und Materialien. (Strassburg 1890.) Jensen, P.—Ursprung und Geschichte des Tierkreises. DR, 1890, 112-116. Lajard, F.—Fragments d'un MÉmoire sur le SystÈme thÉogonique et cosmogonique des Assyriens ou des ChaldÉens d'Assyrie. JA, 2d Series, XIV. 114-143. Laurie, Thomas.—Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Deluge. Bibliotheca Sacra, XLII. 165-168. Lenormant, F.—Essai de Commentaire sur les Fragments cosmogoniques de Berose. (Paris 1871.) [An elaborate treatise on the traditions of Berosus in connection with the cuneiform account of creation.] Loisy, A.—Les Mythes ChaldÉens de la CrÉation et du DÉluge. (Amiens 1892.) RR, 1896. [From RR, 1890-1891. See §I.] Lukas, FR.—Die Grundbegriffe in den Kosmogonieen der Alten VÖlker. 1893. pp. 1-46. [Translations by Jensen, pp. 1-14. Die Kosmogonie der Babylonler und der Genesis.] MÜller, D. H.—Die Propheten in ihrer UrsprÜnglichen Form. (Wien 1895.) pp. 6-13. [Translation of considerable portions of the Babylonian creation narratives. Follows Zimmern.] Muss-Arnolt, W.—The Cuneiform Account of the Creation. Revised translation. BW III. 17-27. ---- A Comparative Study of the Translations of the Babylonian Creation Tablets, with special reference to Jensen's 'Kosmologie' and Barton's 'TiÂmat.' H IX. 6-23. Oppert, J.—Fragments Cosmogoniques in Ledrain's 'Histoire d'Israel.' (Paris 1882.) pp. 411-422. [Translation of Creation Series of tablets of deluge.] ---- Le PoÈme ChaldÉen du DÉluge. (Paris 1885.) ---- Die Fragmente der EpopÖen welche die SchÖpfung und Sintfluth nach babylonischer Auffassung betreffen. Verhandlungen Deutscher Philologen und SchulmÄnner, XXXIV. 128, 129. ---- Traductions de quelques textes Assyriens.—Fragments des RÉcits de la CrÉation.—Guerre de Merodach et TiÂmat. 4th ICO, 229-238. Pinches, T. G.—A Babylonian Duplicate of Tablets I. and II. of the Creation Series. BOR IV. 25-33. ---- The New Version of the Creation Story. 9th ICO, 1892. II. 190-198; also JRAS, 1891, 393-408; and Academy, 1890, Nos. 968, 974, and the Times, 1889, Dec. 16. ---- The Non-Semitic Version of the Creation Story. RP, new series, VI. 107-114. Sayce, H.—The Assyrian Story of the Creation. RP, new series, I. 122-146. ---- Babylonian Legend of the Creation RP XI. 109-114. ---- The Babylonian Story of the Creation according to the Tradition of Cutha. RP, new series, I. 147-153. Schrader, E.—Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament. (London 1885.) I. 1-22. [Translation of portions of the Creation Series with comments; third German edition announced.] Smith, George.—The Chaldaean Account of Genesis. (2d ed. London 1881.) German trans, ed. by Friedrich Delitzsch (Leipzig 1876), under the title 'Chaldaeische Genesis.' ---- On Some Fragments of the Chaldaean Account of the Creation. TSBA IV. 363, 364. Stucken, Ed.—Astralmythen der Hebraer, Babylonier und Aegypter. I. und II. Theil. (Leipzig 1896-1897.) [Rather fanciful.] Talbot, H. Fox.—The Fight between Bel and the Dragon. RP IX. 135-140. [Portion of the Creation Series.] ---- The Fight between Bel and the Dragon and the Flaming Sword which turned every way. TSBA V. 1-21. ---- The Chaldaean Account of the Creation. RP IX. 115-118; also TSBA V. 426-440. ---- The Revolt in Heaven, from a Chaldaean Tablet. TSBA IV. 349-362. [Portions of the Creation Series.] Warren, W. F.—Paradise Found. 10 ed. (Boston 1893.) Part IV. chapter 6. The Cradle of the Race in Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian Thought. [Discussion in connection with a general theory of the site of paradise.] Ward, W. Hayes.—Contest between Bel-Merodach and the Dragon. PAOS, May 1879. X. ---- Dragon and Serpent in Chaldaean Mythology. PAOS, Oct. 1879, xvii. ---- Bel and the Dragon. AJSL XIV. 94-105. ---- The Dragon TiÂmat in Babylonian and Assyrian Art. PAOS, Oct. 1889, clxviii-clxix. Zimmern, H.—Translations of the Babylonian Creation and Deluge Stories in Gunkel's 'SchÖpfung und Chaos,' pp. 401-428. ---- 'KÖnig Tukulli bËi nisi und die Kuthaische SchÖpfungslegende.' ZA XII. 317-330. [Translation of the Cuthaean Version of the Creation Story.] VI.The Gilgamesh Epic(including the Deluge Story.)Adler, C.—The Legends of Semiramis and the Nimrod Epic. JHUC, No. 55. Boscawen, W. St. Chad.—Hymn to Gilgames. BOR VII. 121-125. ---- The Twelfth Izdubar Legend. RP IX. 131-134. Casanowicz, I. M.—Professor Haupt's Nimrod Epic. JHUC, No. 98. Cheyne, T. K.—Nimrod, a Kassite King. Academy, 1895, No. 47. De Lacouperie, Terrien.—The Deluge Tradition and its Remains in Ancient Chaldaea. BOR pp. 15-24, 49-55, 79-88, 102-111. Delitzsch, Friedrich.—Article 'Nimrod' in 'Calwer Bibellexikon.' ---- Die SintflutherzÄhlung oder die elfte Tafel des Nimrod Epos. AL. (3d ed. Leipzig 1885.) 99-109. Dryoff, K.—Wer ist Chadir? ZA XII. 319-327. Grivel, Josef.—Nimrod et les Ecritures CunÉiformes. TSBA III, 136-144. [Proposed identification of Nimrod and Marduk. See also Sayce, below.] Hamilton, L. le Cenci.—Ishtar and Izdubar, the Epic of Babylon. Restored in modern verse. Vol. I. Illustrated. (London 1884.) Harper, E. T.—The Legend of Etana, Gilgamos and his Kindred in Folklore. Academy, 1891, No. 995; see also Nos. 985, 987, 988. Haupt, Paul.—The Cuneiform Account of the Deluge. OTS, 1883, 77-85. ---- Das babylonische Nimrodepos. Keilschrifttext der sogenannten Izdubarlegenden mit dem Keilinschriftlichen Sintfluthberichte, nach den Originalen im Britischen Museum copiert und herausgegeben. (Leipzig 1884-1891.) 2 vols. AB III. ---- Die zwÖlfte Tafel des Babylonischen Nimrodepos. BA I. 48-79. ---- On Two Passages in the Chaldaean Flood Tablet. PAOS, March 1894, CV.-CXI. ---- On Some Passages in the Cuneiform Account of the Deluge, with special reference to the first column of the tablet. JHUC, No. 69. ---- Ergebnisse einer neuen Collation der Izubar Legenden. BA I. 94-152. See HalÉvy ZA IV. 61. ---- On the Dimensions of the Babylonian Ark. PAOS, Oct. 1888, lxxxix.-xc.; see also AJP IX. 419-424. ---- Der Keilinschriftliche Sintfluthbericht. Eine Episode des babylonischen Nimrodepos. (Leipzig 1881.) ---- Der Keilinschriftliche Sintfluthbericht. Umschrift, Uebersetzung, und ErlÄuterungen in Schrader's 'Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament,' 3d ed., 1898. [Latest and most satisfactory translation.] Hoffmann, G.—Die Dubar-Sage und der Keilinschriftliche Sintfluthbericht. Die Grenzboten, Jahrgang 47. Hommel, F.—Gis-dubarra, Gibilgamish, Nimrod. PSBA XV. 291-300; XVI. 13-15. Heuzey, L.—La Lance Colossale d'Izbubar et les Nouvelles Formeles de M. de Sarzec. AI. Bulletin 1893, 305. Jastrow, Morris, Jr.—The New Version of the Babylonian Account of the Deluge. The Independent, Feb. 10, 17, 1898. Jensen, P.—Gishgimash (=Gilgamish) ein Kossaer? ZA VI. 340-342. Jeremias, A.—Article 'Izdubar' in Roscher's 'AusfÜhrliches Lexikon der Griechischen und RÖmischen Mythologie.' Vol. II. cols. 773-823. ---- Izdubar-Nimrod. Eine Altbabylonische Heldensage nach den Keilschriftfragmenten dargestellt. (Leipzig 1891.) See also article by Quentin in RHR XXXI. 162-177. Lenormant, F.—Le DÉluge et l'ÉpopÉe Babylonienne. (Paris 1873.) Lidzbarski.—Zu den Arabischen Alexandergeschichten. ZA VIII. 263-312. See also ib., 317-319. ---- Wer ist Chadhir? ZA VII. 104-116. Meissner, Bruno.—Alexander und Gilgamos. (Leipzig 1894.) ---- Einige Bemerkungen zur ErklÄrung des Sintfluthberichtes. ZA III. 417-421. Menant, J.—Le DÉluge. NoÉ dans l'arche. (Paris 1880.) Moor, Fl.—De la Geste de Gilgames confrontÉe avec la Bible et avec les Documents Historiques indigÈnes. M, June 1897. Muss-Arnolt, W.—The Chaldaean Account of the Deluge. A revised translation. BW III. 109-118. ---- Remarks Introductory to a Comparative Study on the Translations of the Deluge Tablets. PAOS, April 1892, cxc.-cxcv.; also JHUC, No. 98. Offord, J.—A New Fragment of the Babylonian Deluge Story. PSBA XX. 53, 54. [Scheil's tablet from Sippara.] Oppert, J.—The Chaldaean Perseus. BOR V. 1, 2; also CR, 1890, 464, 465. [Identification of Izdubar-Gilgamesh with Gilgamos in Aelian's zoÖlogical work 'De Natura Animalium,' XII. 21. See also Sayce in the Academy, 1890, No. 966; Ward, ib., No. 971; and Kohler, ib., 1891, No. 985.] ---- Nimrod. Bulletin de l'AthenÉe Orientale, 1873, Jan.-Feb. Oppert, J.—Le PoÈme ChaldÉen du DÉluge. Traduit de l'Assyrien. (Paris 1885.) Pinches, T. G.—Exit Gishtubar. BOR IV, 264. [Proposal to read the name of the Babylonian hero Gilgamesh. Cf. Sayce in Academy, 1890, No. 966, and Ward, ib., No. 971.] Rawlinson, H. C.—The Izdubar Legends. Athenaeum, 1872, No. 2354. Rochette, Raoul.—MÉmoire sur l'Hercule Assyrien et Phenicien. AI MÉmoires, 2me Partie, XVII. 9-374. Sauveplane, F.—Une ÉpopÉe Babylonienne. Ishtubar-Gilgames. (Paris 1894.) Sayce, A. H.—On Nimrod and the Assyrian Inscription. TSBA II. 248, 249; see also Academy, 1893, No. 1054. [Proposed identification of Nimrod with Amar-ud = Marduk, the head of the Babylonian Pantheon.] ---- The Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments. (London 1894.) pp. 97-119. Scheil, F. V.—Notes d'Epigraphie et d'ArchÉologie Assyrienne. XXX. Un Fragment d'un Nouveau RÉcit du DÉluge de l'Époque du Roi Ammizaduga. RT XX. 55-59; see also RB, 1898, 5-9. ---- The New Babylonian Account of the Deluge. The Independent, Jan. 20, 1898. Smith, George.—The Chaldaean Account of the Deluge. TSBA II. 203-234. ---- The Eleventh Tablet of the Izdubar Legends. The Chaldaean Account of the Deluge. TSBA III. 530-596; also RP VII. 133. Suess, Ed.—Die Sintfluth in 'Das Antlitz der Erde.' (Leipzig 1883.) pp. 25-98. [Discussion of the Babylonian tale with notes by Prof. Paul Haupt.] Talbot, H. Fox.—Ishtar and Izdubar, being the 6th Tablet of the Izdubar Series. Translated from the Cuneiform. TSBA V. 97-121; also RP IX. 119-128. ---- Commentary on the Deluge Tablet. TSBA IV. 49-83. ---- Tablet in the British Museum Relating Apparently to the Deluge. TSBA IV. 129-131. [Talbot's supposition is erroneous.] VII.Beliefs, Legends, Ethics, and Special Phrases of the Religion.Ader, Cyrus.—The Views of the Babylonians Concerning Life after Death. AR, 1888, 92-101; see also PAOS, Oct. 1887, ccxxxviii.-ccxliii. Ball, C. J.—Glimpses of Babylonian Religion. I. Human Sacrifices. II. The Gods and Their Images. PSBA XIV. 149-162. Bonavia, E.—The Sacred Trees of the Assyrian Monuments. BOR III. 7-12, 35-40, 56-61; see also IV. 95, 96. ---- The Sacred Trees of Assyria. 9th ICO, pp. 245-257. [Arguments not conclusive.] Boscawen, W. St. Chad.—Notes on the Religion and Mythology of the Assyrians. TSBA IV. 267-301. ---- Texts Bearing on the Belief in Immortality. (1) 12th Izdubar Tablet. (2) Descent of Ishtar. (3) 7th Izdubar Tablet. (4) Hymn to Marduk. BOR IV. 251-254. ---- Babylonian Witchcraft. ET, 1898, 228-230. ---- Notes on Assyrian Religion and Mythology. TSBA VI. 535-542. [Translations of some religious texts. General remarks.] ---- Babylonian Teraphim. BOR I. 39, 40. ---- The Babylonian Legend of the Serpent Tempter. BOR IV. 251-255. ---- Oriental Eschatology (Egypt and Chaldaea). BOR VI. 38-42. ---- The Plague Legends of Chaldaea. BOR I. 11-14. Clermont-Ganneau.—L'Enfer Assyrien. RAr, 2d Series, XXXVIII. 337-349. Craig, James A.—The Babylonian Ishtar Epic. OTS VIII. 249-256. Goessling, E.—Die HÖlle nach Babylonisch-Assyrischer Anschauung. TZ, 1895, No. 3. HalÉvy, J.—L'ImmortalitÉ de l'Âme chez les Peuples Semitiques. RAr, 2d Series, XLIV. 44-53. [Translation and discussion of Ishtar's descent into the nether world.] HalÉvy, J.—Le Rapt de PersÉphonÉ ou Proserpine par Pluton chez les Babyloniens. RS I. 372-376. Haug, M.—Die Unsterblichkeit der Seele bei den ChaldÄern. BAZ, 1875, Nos. 70, 71. Heuzey, L.—Mythes ChaldÉens. RA, 3d Series, XXVI. 295-308. Hilprecht, H. V.—Serpent and Tree in Babylonian Records. SST, 1893, No. 52. Hincks, Edward.—On the Assyrian Mythology. RIA Memoirs, 1854, 405-422. Hommel, F.—Hexenverbrennungen im alten Babylonien. MÜnchener Neueste Nachrichten, 1896, No. 415. Jastrow, Morris, Jr.—The Ethics of the Babylonians and Assyrians. ER. III. 65-77. ---- The Babylonian Term Shu'Âlu. AJSL XIV. 165-170. Jensen, Peter.—The Queen in the Babylonian Hades and Her Consort. SST, 1897, Nos. 11, 12. ---- The Supposed Babylonian Origin of the Week and the Sabbath. SST, 1892, No. 3. Jeremias, A.—Die Babylonisch-Assyrischen Vorstellungen vom Leben nach dem Tode. (Leipzig 1897.) ---- Articles 'Arallu' and 'Etana.' [Announced to appear in the supplement to Roscher's 'AusfÜhrliches Lexikon der Griechischen und RÖmischen Mythologie.'] Kiesewetter, Carl.—Der Occultismus des Alterthums. (Leipzig 1896.) Book I. 364 seq., 'Der Occultismus bei den Akkadern, Babyloniern, ChaldÄern und Assyriern.' [Based largely upon Lenormant's 'Chaldaean Magic.'] Laurent, A.—La Magie et la Divination chez les ChaldÉo-Assyriens. (Paris 1894.) Lenormant, F.—La Legende de Semiramis. (Paris 1872.) [A transformed Ishtar legend.] Oppert, J.—L'ImmortalitÉ de l'Âme chez les ChaldÉens. (Paris 1875.) [Translation of Ishtar's descent into the nether world.] Pinches, T. G.—The Messianic Idea among the Early Babylonians and Assyrians. Academy, 1887, Nos. 816, 818, 820. Ravenshaw, E. C.—On the Winged Bulls, Lions, and Other Symbolical Figures from Nineveh. JRAS, 1854, 93-117. [Contains some interesting suggestions on Babylonian mythology, but the paper as a whole is antiquated.] Sayce, A. H.—Ancient Babylonian Moral and Political Precepts. RP VII. 119-122. ---- The Babylonian Legend of the Creation of Man. Academy, 1893, No. 1055. ---- Babylonian Folk-Lore. FLJ I. 16-22. Scheil, Fr. V.—Relief CiselÉ reprÉsentant une ScÈne FunÉraire Babylonienne. RT XX. 59-62. ---- Le Culte de GudÉa. RT XVIII. 64-74. Talbot, H. Fox.—On the Religious Belief of the Assyrians. Nos. I., II., III., IV. TSBA I. 106-115; II. 29-79, 346-352. [No. I. contains text and translation of two prayers; Nos. II and III., Incantation Texts; No. IV., Future Punishment of the Wicked.] ---- Legend of the Descent of Ishtar. RP I. 141-149. ---- Revised Translation of the Descent of Ishtar with a Further Commentary. TSBA III. 118-135. Addenda pp. 357-360. Thureau-Daugin, F.—Le Culte des Rois dans la PÉriode PrÉbabylonienne. RT XIX. 185-187. Tiele, C. P.—Cyrus de Groote en de Godsdienst van Babel in 'Melanges, Charles de Harlez' (Leiden 1896), 307-312. Tyler, Thomas.—The Babylonian Idea of a Disembodied Soul. BOR I. 55-57. Tylor, Edward B.—The Winged Figures of the Assyrians and Other Ancient Monuments. PSBA XII. 383-393; see also RHR XXII. 209-220. [Explanation of the symbols on Assyrian sculptures.] Ward, W. H.—On the Representation of the Solar Disk. AJT II. 115-118. Warren, W. F.—Gates of Sunrise in Ancient Babylonian Art. BOR III. 241-244. Zimmern, H.—Vater, Sohn und FÜrsprecher in der Babylonischen Gottesvorstellung. (Leipzig 1896.) [See review by Jastrow, AJT I. 468-474.] VIII.Temples and Cult.Ball, C. J.—Glimpses of Babylonian Religion. I. Human Sacrifices. II. The Gods and Their Images. PSBA XIV. 149-162. Boscawen, W. St. Chad.—The Babylonian and Jewish Festivals. BOR IV. 34-38. D'Alviella, Goblet.—Des Symboles qui ont influencÉ la ReprÉsentation figurÉe des Pierres Comiques chez les Semites. RHR XX. 135-150. Jeremias, Johann.—Die Cultustafel von Sippar. BA I. 267-92. [An important archive of the Sharmash temple at Sippar, illustrative of the cult.] Karppe, S.—MÉlanges de Critique Biblique et d'Assyriologie. RS II. 146-151. [The Babylonian festival Zagmuk und the Biblical New Year.] Koldewey, Robert.—Die altbabylonischen GrÄber in Surghul und El Hibba. ZA II. 403-430. [Funeral customs.] Kohut, A.—The Talmudic Records of the Persian and Babylonian Festivals critically illustrated. AJSL XIV. 182-194. See also REJ XXIV. 256-271. [Insufficient discussion.] Menant.—Les Sacrifices sur les Cylindres ChaldÉens. Gazette Archeologique, 1883, Nos. 7-9. Perrot & Chiplez.—A History of Art in Chaldaea and Assyria. (London 1884.) Eng. trans. Vol. I. chapters III., IV. [Temples and Tombs.] Peters, J. P.—Nippur. Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates. Vol. II. chapter V., The Oldest Temple in the World. Chapter VIII., Coffins and Burial Customs. Pinches, T. G.—Sin-Gashid's Endowment of the Temple Ê-ana. RP, new series, I. 78-83. See also BOR I. 8-11. ---- A Fragment of a Babylonian Tithe List. Ib. I. 76-78. ---- Gifts to a Babylonian Bitili or Bethel. Ib. II. 142-145. Rawlinson, H. C.—On the Birs Nimrud, or the Great Temple of Borsippa. JRAS, 1861, 1-24. Reber, F.—Ueber altchaldÄische Kunst ... Der Tempelbau. ZA I. 149-164. Sayce, A. H.—A Babylonian Saint's Cylinder. RP VII. 157-170. [Days sacred, and otherwise, of the month of Elul, with directions for religious ceremonies to be observed.] ---- On Human Sacrifice among the Babylonians. TSBA IV. 25-31. Tiele, C. P.—De Hoofdtempel van Babel en die van Borsippa. KAW Afdeeling 'Letterkunde' (1886) 3de Reeks Deel III; also in German ZA II. 179-190. Tristram, H. B.—Sacrifices in Babylonia and Phoenicia. SST, 1894, No. 1. Ward, W. H.—On Some Babylonian Cylinders, supposed to Represent Human Sacrifices. PAOS, May 1888, xxviii.-xxx. IX.Bearings on the Old Testament; General Influence.Anz, Wilhelm.—Zur Frage nach dem Ursprung des Gnostizismus. (Leipzig 1897.) pp. 58-112, Die Herkunft ... aus Babylonien. Ball, C. J.—The First Chapter of Genesis and the Babylonian Cosmogonies. PSBA XVIII. Bonnett, E.—Les DÉcouvertes Assyriennes et le Livre de la GenÈse. (Paris 1884.) Boscawen, W. St. Chad.—The Bible and the Monuments. (London 1895.) Brandt, W.—Die Assyrisch-Babylonische Keilschriftliteratur und das Alte Testament. Deutsch-evang. BlÄtter, 1884. Heft 3. pp. 164-187. Brown, Francis.—Critical review with valuable comments of E. Schrader's 'Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament.' AJP IV. 338-343. ---- The Sabbath in the Cuneiform Records. PR, 1882, 688-700. ---- Assyriology: Its Use and Abuse in Old Testament Study. (New York 1885.) Brown, Robert, Jr.—Semitic Influence in Hellenic Mythology. (London 1898.) [Part III. discusses Babylonian Influence.] Buddensieg, R.—Die Assyrischen Ausgrabungen und das Alte Testament. (Heilbronn 1880.) Delitzsch, Friedrich.—Wo Lag das Paradies? Eine Biblisch-Assyriologische Studie. (Leipzig 1881.) [See Francis Brown. OTS IV. 1-12.] Evetts, B. A.—New Light on the Bible and the Holy Land. (London 1892.) Gruppe, O.—Die Griechischen Kulte und Mythen in ihren Beziehungen zu den Orientalischen Religionen. (Leipzig 1887.) Gunkel, H.—SchÖpfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit. (GÖttingen 1895.) [A most important discussion of the relationship of the Biblical creation narratives to the Babylonian cosmology.] HalÉvy, J.—Recherches Bibliques. (Paris 1896.) Haupt, Paul.—Wo Lag das Paradies? Ueber Land und Meer, 1894-1895, No. 15. [Also syllabus of lectures before the Gratz College of Philadelphia, Dec 10, 1895, on 'The Site of Paradise and the Nimrod Epic.'] Jastrow, Morris, Jr.—The Bible and the Assyrian Monuments. The Century Magazine, XLVII. 395-411. [Translated into French by E. Lacordaire in Revue des Revues, 1894 227-235.] ---- The Original Character of the Hebrew Sabbath. AJT II. 312-352. [Relationship between Hebrew and Babylonian Sabbath.] ---- Adam and Eve in Babylonian Literature. [Announced.] Jensen, P.—The Cult of Ashera and the Cult of Mary. [Announced to appear in the Sunday School Times, 1898.] Kessler, K.—Ueber Gnosis und Altbabylonische Religion. 5th ICO, II. Part I. 288-305. Kellner, M. L.—The Deluge in the Izdubar Epic and the Old Testament. [Reprinted from the Church Review, November, 1888.] Lacouperie, T. de.—Origin from Babylonia and Elam of the Early Chinese Civilization. Series of articles in the BOR III-VIII. [Also in book form under the title, 'Origin of Early Chinese Civilization and its Western Sources.' (London 1894.) Lacouperie's method is unsatisfactory. The theory, however, merits farther investigation.] Lotz, W.—Quaestiones de Historia Sabbati. (Leipzig 1883.) Lyon, D. G.—Assyrian Study: Its Bearing on the Old Testament. The Christian Register, 1885, Nos. 15, 16. Menant, J.—Remarques sur un Cylindre du MusÉe Britannique. La Bible et les Cylindres ChaldÉens. CR, 1879, 270-286. [Discussion of a scene on a cylinder supposed to represent the first human pair and the serpent.] Meyer, Ed.—Der Babylonische Einfluss auf Judenthum und Christenthum. BAZ, 1894, No. 344. Oppert, J.—Origines Communes de la Chronologie Cosmogonique des ChaldÉens el des Dates de la GenÈse. APC, 6th series, XIII. 237-240. Palmer, A. S.—Babylonian Influence on the Bible and Popular Beliefs. TÊhÔm and TiÂmat, Hades and Satan: a Comparative Study of Genesis, i., ii. (London 1897.) Robiou, F.—L'État Religieux de la GrÈce et de l'Orient au SiÈcle d'Alexandre ... II. Les Regions Syro-Babyloniens et l'Eran. (Paris 1896.) [Unsatisfactory, and not based on independent researches.] Sayce, A. H.—The Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments. (London 1894.) [Suggestive, but unreliable. Full of inaccuracies.] ----Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments. (2d ed. London 1886.) Schleussner.—Die Bedeutung der Ausgrabungen in dem Euphrat und Tigris-Gebiet fÜr das Alte Testament. (Wittenberg 1892.) Schrader, E.—Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament. 3d ed. (Announced for 1898.) [English translation of the 2d German ed., 'The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament.' London 1885-1889.] Sillem, C. H. W.—Das Alte Testament im Lichte der Assyrischen Forschungen und ihrer Ergebnisse. (Hamburg 1877.) Simpson, William.—The Tower of Babel and the Birs Nimroud. TSBA IX. 307-332. Stucken, Edward.—Astralmythen der Hebraer, Babylonier und Aegypter. Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen, Parts I., II. (Leipzig 1896-1897.) [Rather fanciful.] Tallquist, K. L.—Altbabylonischer Aberglauben in den AbendlÄndern. [In Norwegian]; Valvoja, Helsingfors, 1896, 498-520. ----Fornbabyloniska och hebrÄiska psalmer. Finisk Tidskrift, Mars 1892. Tiele, C. P..—Die Assyriologie und ihre Ergebnisse fÜr die Religionsgeschichte. [German translation by Friederick. Leipzig 1878.] Toy, C. H.—Esther as a Babylonian Goddess. The New World, VI. 130-145. Vigouroux, F.—Le Bible et les DÉcouvertes Modernes en Palestine, en Egypte et en Assyrie. 4 vols. (Paris 1884-1885.) [Written from a Catholic standpoint, but comprehensive and accurate.] Wahrmund.—Babylonierthum, Judenthum und Christentum. (Leipzig 1882.) Ward, W. H.—Light on Scriptural Texts from Recent Discoveries, Hebrew and Babylonian Poetry. The Homiletic Review, 1895, 408. Zehnpfund, R.—Einige zeitgemÄsse Bemerkungen Über den Wert der Assyriologie fÜr die alttestamentliche Litteraturkritik. (Ernste Allotria. Dessau 1896.) Zimmern, H.—Die Assyriologie als HÜlfswissenschaft fÜr das Studium des Alten Testaments und des Klassischen Alterthums. (KÖnigsberg 1889.) ---- Zur Frage nach dem Ursprung des Purimfestes. (Zeits. f. alttest. Wiss., XI. 157-169.) Zschokke, Hermann.—Ueber die Wichtigkeit der Assyriologischen Forschungen, insbesondere fÜr das Alttestamentliche Bibelstudium. (Vienna 1884.) |
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