  For the accuracy of the words in the following Vocabularies we have to rely upon the knowledge of the Indians or interpreters from whom we received them, having carefully noted them down on the spot, as they appeared to be pronounced. I have much pleasure in acknowledging the ready and important aid which I received from Mr. John Dougherty, at present Deputy Indian Agent for the Missouri; indeed, the Omawhaw, Shoshone and Upsaroka vocabularies are chiefly set down agreeably to his pronunciation. The philologist will observe, that in these vocabularies, the guttural sound is indicated by a †, a nasal sound by an *, and a ‡ accompanying the letter j, shows that the French sound of that letter must be given to it. T. SAY. {lxx} VOCABULARY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES
{lxxix} Having but a small number of words of the two following Languages, it is thought proper to insert them separately from the above comparative tables, in order that the columns may not be too much extended. Shos-ho-ne LanguageGood, sant Bad, kate-sant Salmon, au-gi Come, ke-ma Large, pe-up Big river, pau-pe-up To eat, bo-re-can White people, tab-ba-bo—people of the sun Go, nu-me-a-ro To copulate, yo-co To see, ma-bo-ne Did not see it, ka-en-ma-bo-na To love, kom-muh A great many, shant Bison, kot-zo Antelope, wa-re Elk, pa-re Awl, we-u Beaver, ha-nish Friend, hants Woman, wipe Water, pa Horse, bunk-o No, ka-he Tash-e-pa, pierced nose—a nation of the Columbia Paw-kees, black feet Indians Pun-ash, root eaters—a band of Shoshones who call a horse toish, and a squaw mo-co-ne Up-sa-ro-ka, or Crow LanguageWhite people, mash-te-se-re—yellow eyes Pawkees or Black-feet, e-chip-e-ta Poor, bats-ish-cat Powerful or strong, bats-atsh Good, e-tschick Bad, kab-beak Bison, be-sha Bison bull, che-ra-pa Beaver, be-rap-pa Tobacco, o-pa Where, sho Far, ham-a-ta Mountain, am-a-†ha-ba Elk, e-che-re-ca-te—little horse Finished or completed, kar-a-ko-tuk Knife, mit-se What, sa-pa Near, ash-ka Friend, she-ka To eat, ba-boush-mek Gunpowder, be-rups-spa Little, e-ro-ka-ta Name which they give to the Sioux nation, mar-an-sho-bish-ko—or the cut throats Young woman, me-ka-ta Water, me-ne Fire, be-da Wood, mon-a River, an-sha Horse, e-che-ra No, bar-a-ta {lxxx} The following promiscuous words are added for the further information of the philologist. Wah-tok-ta-ta, or Oto LanguageWhite people, maz-onk-ka—iron makers Americans, ma-he-hun-jeh—big knife British, ra-gar-rash-ing, probably not an Oto word Ioway nation, pa-ho-ja—gray snow Missouri nation, ne-o-ta-tcha—those who build a town at the mouth of a river Mississippi river, ne-o-hun-je—the river that enlarges as it runs, or ne-ber-a-‡je, water of knowledge Missouri river, ne-su-ja—smoky water Osage river, ne-ska—white water Grand river, nesh-na-hun-ja—big water Konzes river, to-pe-o-ka—good potatoe river Nodowa river, ne-a-ton-wa—jump over river, or ne-wa-ton Walk, ma-ne Distant, har-re Deer, tah-che Green, toh-tsche Platte river, ne-bras-ka—or flat water Little Platte river, ne-breska-ingya—little flat water Tarkio river, tar-ke-u Nemehaw river, ne-mo-ha-hun-ge Little Nemehaw river, ne-mo-haing-ya Nishnabatona river, nish-na-bot-ona—canoe making river Weeping water river, ne-ha-ga—weeping water Saline creek, nes-co—salt water Loup fork of the Platte river, Pawneeomawhaw-ne-etow-wa Elk-horn creek, wa-ta-tung-ya Konza river, Konza-ne-etow-wa—or the river belonging to the Konzas Run, nong-a Leap, ta-wa Fight, a-ke-ra-ga Eat, wa-ro-ja Drink, rat-tong Steal, mo-no Talk, e-cha Strength, bre-hra Weakness, wa-ha-ha Poor, wa-was-tong Near, as-ke Different, e-tan-tong Good, pe-ay Bad, pish-co-na Mockeson, a-ko-je Gunpowder, ak-ho-je Ball, ma-za-muh Looking-glass, ma-zo-ka-tou-a Long, thra-ja Short, su-is-cha Broad, ar-ru-cha-hun-ja Thick, sho-ga Thin, bra-ka Father, in-ko—used by a person when addressing his father. This word is said by Lewis and Clarke, p. 36, to mean chief, but this seems to be a mistake. Twenty, kra-ba-nuh-no-wa Twenty-one, krabanuhnowa-agen-ne-yon-ka? Thirty, krabanuh-ta-ne One hundred, krabanuh-ho-yong One hundred and one, krabanuhhoyongagenneyonka One thousand, krabanuhhoyonghon-ja—or big hundred {lxxxi} O-maw-haw LanguageWhite people, wah-ha—makers Americans, mah-he-tun-guh—big knife British, suk-an-ash—not a proper Omawhaw word Hat, wa-ha-pa-ga-rong Hatchet, maz-za-pa-‡jin-ga Axe, maz-za-pa-tun-guh Prairie dog's burrow, man-ne-†ho-da-te Grizzly bear, mon-tschu White hare, mas-tschi-ska Porcupine, pa-he Bald eagle, he-ra-pa-song Grey eagle, he-ra-gra ‡je Black bear, wa-sa-ba Dragon fly, te-ne-nik-a Sword, mah-he-tun-guh Small knife, mah-he-‡jin-guh Canoe, mun-da Thunder, †ger-rong Breech-cloth, ‡ja-a-de-gar-rong Niece, we-te-‡jeh by the men, we-to-‡jon-ga by the squaws Brother-in-law, tahong Deer skin, ta-ha Sweet maize, wat-tan-ze-ske-ra Common maize, wat-tan-ze-sar-ra-ga An ear of maize, wa-ha-ba Abdomen, ta-ze Paunch or stomach, ne-ha MammÆ, mon-za, same as iron People, ne-ka-shing-ga, or ne-kuh-shing-guh Young warrior, wa-se-se-ga Warm, mash-ta Nostrils, pah-shu-sha Human skin, he-ha Deep blue, toh-che Dance, wat-che. Sometimes the word ga-ha, to make, is subjoined to this word in order to distinguish from their term for copulation His child, e-ne-se Me (I) make, pa-†ha, very like the word for hill My true child, we-se-‡jun-tsche-nu It is said there is none, ning-ga-um Bad or ugly, pa-‡juh—a word used in anger, principally by the squaws Poor as a turkey, wah-pa-ne-ze-ze-ka-a-go I am as poor as a turkey, a-mah-panezezekaago You are as poor as a turkey, war-ichpanezezekaago It was red with blood, wa-me-‡je-da-ka I will not go, a-bra-muj‡-‡je Come here, ge-ga-ha Little Platte river, ne-bras-ka-‡jinguh—Little flat water Konza river, Konza-ne-eta Bowyer creek, ne-ha-ba—shallow water Little Sioux creek, wa-ta Run, to-na Leap, we-sa Fight, ke-ke-na Eat, wa-brat-ta Drink, brat-tong Steal, mo-no Talk, e-a, very like stone Strength, wash-ca-tun-ga Weakness, wa-ha-ha Poor, wah-pa-ne Near, ash-ka Good, o-dong Bad, o-dong-buj‡-‡je, or o-dan-‡je, or pe-a-‡ja Mockeson, *han-pa Gunpowder, mah-†ho-da Ball, mah-za-muh Looking-glass, ne-o-ke-garras-se Long, sna-da Short, cha-shkah Broad, bras-ka Thick, sho-guh {lxxxii} Thin, bra-ka Thirteen, a-gar-e-ra-be-ne Twenty, kra-ba-ra-nom-ba Twenty-one, krabaranomba-ke-de-me-ach-che Thirty, krabara-be-ne Thirty-one, krabarabene-ke-de-me-ach-che One hundred, krabara-he-me One hundred and one, krabarahe-me-ke-de-me-ach-che One thousand, krabaraheme-ton-ga One thousand and one, krabara-he-metonga-kedemeachche Nine thousand, krabarahemeton-ga-shon-ka O-maw-haw Names of PersonsMENYellow Belly, ta-ze-ze Little God, wah-conda-‡jin-ga God, wah-conda He that carries his feet, se-ge-e He that has four feet, se-to-ba Four hands, nom-ba-to-ba Two legs, ‡ja-ga-nom-ba Four nails, sha-ga-to-ba Big hand, nomba-tun-ga Big eyes, ish-ta-tun-ga He who deliberates, wa-ru-ger-rong Buffaloe rib, ta-re-ta Buffaloe tail, ta-sin-da Buffaloe head, ta-pa Buffaloe bull, ta-nu-ga Buffaloe calf, ta-‡jin-ga Little white bear, mut-chu-‡jinga Black white bear, mut-chu-sa-ba Black bird, wa-‡jinga-sa-ba He that walks on the edge, o-hon-ga-mon-e He that makes signs as he walks, wa-bom-en-e He that walks behind, a-ga-ha-mo-ne He that hunts as he walks, o-na-mun-ne The walking cloud, mah-pe-mun-ne The strong walker, wash-ka-mun-ne He who walks when fruit is ripe, se-da-mun-ne He who cries as he walks, ha-ga-mun-ne He who walks beyond others, ko-she-ha-mun-ne He who arrived in haste, wash-con-he He who is not afraid of tracks, se-gra-na-pa-ba The white horse, shon-ga-ska Seven, pa-num-ba Ace of spades, o-ka-de-ga-rong Little cook, o-hon-‡jin-ga Head wind or North wind, ke-ma-ha Big skunk, mon-ga-tun-ga Prairie wolf, mon-e-kus-se Swan, me-hus-ca-tun-ga He who walks double, nom-ba-mon-ne Black breast, mon-ga-sab-ba No hand, nom-ba-ning-ga Brave, wa-shu-sha No knife, ma-he-ning-ga Two tails, sin-da-num-ba The top of the tent-poles which are tied together, te-she-mo-ha Big bullet, ma-ze-mat-tunga Medicine mouth, e-wa-ho-ba He who carries real medicines, mac-ca-n-e Wet mockeson, hom-pa-no-ca Big leggings, o-tant-tun-ga Smoke maker, shu-da-goch-ha Two faces, in-da-nom-ba The twins, nom-ba-dant Yellow knife, ma-he-ze SQUAWS' NAMESThe first moon, me-ta-e Na-sa-za {lxxxiii} Village, towoin Me-hun-guh First thunder, ti-en-e Female sun, me-teh-ha Female moon, me-um-bun-ne Female axe, mas-up-pa-me Female deer that looks, wa-tum-bun-ne The first thunder that falls, ta-ingga-ra O-maw-haw Interjections and ExclamationsZt!—This is used by the men when contemplating a fine trinket, looking-glass, &c.; they sometimes say zt-o-dah! Sheh-zt-zt-zt! or wah-zt-zt-zt! or oah-zt-zt-zt! is used by the men for driving dogs out of mischief. Eh-zt-zt-zt-zt! by the women on the same occasion. Heh! an inspiration—used by the women when a sudden but trifling accident occurs—as it is also used by the white females. Ke-a!—the first syllable nasal—by the women for calling their dogs. Wo-oh! by the men for calling their dogs or horses. It is a sound very similar to that used by the whites to halt horses. Wah-man-gar-ing-ga! Be off, or go away—spoken in anger—this would be the last word, an attack would succeed if disregarded. O-hoh! (drawn out very long) used to one who has been troubling them a long time—it would precede the preceding exclamation in the gradation of displeasure. Ge-ga-ha! wah-ge-ga-ra! o-hoh-ge-gar-a!—the successive expressions of impatience in calling a person to come. Hi-o! The answer of a squaw to one who calls. Ha! The answer of a man to one who calls. Da-dansh-ta-a! An exclamation similar in signification to O, alas, me! {lxxxiv} Sioux, (Yancton band,) LanguageAmerican, me-na-has-hah—Long knife British, sa-kin-da-sha. This appears to be an adopted word. Physician, wa-pe-a-we-a-cha-sha Village, o-tong-y-a Eagle, ho-yah Green, to-we-toy-ya, or "the blue to dye with"—they have no other word for this colour. Warm, mach-ta Pawnees, pa-dan-o-ta Sioux, da-co-ta Run, e-ong-ka Leap, e-ep-se-sha Fight, ke-che-za Eat, wo-tah Drink, ya-ta-kong Talk, e-ah Good, wash-ta Gunpowder, cha-hun-da Thirteen, a-ka-ya-me-ne Nineteen, a-ka-nuh-pet-che-wung Twenty, wek-chem-in-eh-nom-pa Twenty-one, wekcheminehnompah-a-ka-ong-ge Thirty, wekcheminuh-ya-me-ne Thirty-one, wekcheminuhyamene-a-ka-ong-‡jin One hundred, o-pang-ha One hundred and one, opangha-aka-ong-‡jin One thousand, kok-o-tong-o-pang-ha One thousand and one, kokotongopangha-a-ka-ong-‡jin Ten thousand, kokotongopanghawekcheminuh The upper bands of the Sioux in their pronunciation substitute the letter l for the d. Min-ne-ta-re, or Gros ventre LanguageAmerican, man-ce-ech-te-et—big knife British, bo-she-it-to-†chre-shu-pe-sha—the men who bring black cloth French, bo-she Spaniard, was-she-o-man-ti-qua Crow Indians, par-is-ca-oh-panga—the crow people Crow Indians, another band, ehha-tza—the people of leaves Snake Indians, ma-buc-sho-roch-pan-ga Flat-headed Indians, a-too-ha-pe Pierced-nose Indians, a-pa-o-pa Black foot Indians, it-ze-su-pe-sha Gros ventre of the Fort prairie, a band of Black feet, a-re-tear-opan-ga Assinniboin Indians, e-tans-kepa-se-ta-qua Shienne Indians, a-was-she-tanqua, or it-anse-po-‡je Sauteur Indians, ha-hat-tong Mandan Indians, a-rach-bo-cu Rickaree Indians, a-rick-a-ra-one Sioux Indians, it-ans-ke Pawnee Loups Indians, sa-‡jer-opan-ga Les Noire Indians, at-te-shu-pesha-loh-pan-ga The Red Shield Chief, one of the principal chiefs, e-tam-ina-gehiss-sha The Borgne or One Eye, grand chief, a remarkable man, he was killed by the Red Shield, a few years since, ka-ko-a-kis {lxxxv} Missouri river, amanti-a-‡je—the river that carries canoes Little Missouri river, a-manti-ca-‡ja—the river that carries little canoes Yellow Stone River, mit-ze-re-a-‡je—the river of yellow rocks Physician, mat-za-ma-ho-pa Village, a-ma-teh Prairie, a-mon-su-ket Eagle, ich-pro-hich Arrow point, e-tah-e Tomahawk, weep-sa-lan-ga Green, †hau-te-ge Emasculation, an-ju-ca-da-‡jus Little wolf, bot-sas Blanket, wash-a-echre-o-tucke Mountain, avo-ca-ve Kill, ta-ha Die, tas Scalp, a-ram-pa-tsak-ke He or she, ne Bison cow, me-te-ya A thick forest of small trees, be-ra-she-e-pe Run, te-re-a Leap, te-chre Fight, re-ke Eat, ma-rou-ta Drink, be-de-he Steal, ma-a-shan-re Talk, de-da Mockasin, o-pah Gunpowder, mer-e-ze-ba Nineteen, a-pe-no-was-sap-pa Twenty, no-o-pah-pe-ra-gas Thirty, na-me-a-pe-ra-gas Forty, to-pah-a-pe-ra-gas One hundred, pe-ra-gas-ich-te-et One thousand, pe-re-gas-ich-te-et-a-cah-co-re Paw-ne LanguageGrand Pawnees, tcha-we Loups or Pawneeomawhaws, ske-re Pawnee Republicans, ze-ka-ka or ket-ka-kesh Tappage band, pe-tou-we-ra Not, buj‡-‡je Tool Robe, (the republican grand chief), sha-re-a-deeksh-taw-we Thirteen, tou-wet-lok-she-re Fourteen, lah-ko-ke-ta Fifteen, she-oksh-ta-ro-ke-ta Sixteen, shrou-we-o Seventeen, tou-wet-ka-ke, (twenty less three) Eighteen, pet-ko-ka-ke, (twenty less two) Nineteen, as-ko-ka-ke, (twenty less one) Twenty, pe-tou-o Twenty-one, petouo-as-ko Thirty, luk-she-re-we-tou-o Thirty-one, luksherewetouo-as-ko Forty, pet-ko-sho-o-ra-ro Forty-one, petkoshooraro-as-ko Fifty, petkoshoorarolokshere Sixty, tou-wet-ra-ro Seventy, touwetrarolokshere Seventy-one, touwetrarolokshere askolokshere Eighty, shke-tiksh-ta-ro Eighty-one, shketikshtaroasko Ninety, shketikshtarolokshere Ninety-one, shketikshtaroaskolokshere One hundred, she-koksh-ta-ro One thousand, petkoshoorarolokshere-tsa-e-ksh The name of one individual of the Pawnee Loups is "The maker of God." {lxxxvi} The two following Vocabularies were taken down by Major Long during his tour on the upper Mississippi in the year 1817
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