Teachers of forge work generally supply their own course of instruction and arrange the exercises for practice. The necessary explanations and information are given orally, and hence often with very unsatisfactory results, as the average student is not able to retain all the essential points of the course. It was the desire to put this instruction in some permanent form for the use of forge students that led the author to undertake this work.

The author wishes to express his thanks for the advice and encouragement of his fellow-teachers, Dr. H. C. Peterson, Mr. Frank A. Fucik, and Mr. Richard Hartenberg. Special obligations are due to Mr. Charles F. Moore, Head of the Mechanical Department in the Central Commercial and Manual Training High School of Newark, New Jersey, for his valuable editorial service.

Figures 146, 147, 150, 153, 157, and 158 have been reproduced, by permission of the publishers, from “Manufacture of Iron” and “Manufacture of Steel,” copyrighted 1902, by the International Textbook Company. Acknowledgments are due also to the Inland Steel Company for the privilege of using Figures 145, 148, 149, 159-163, 166; and to the Columbia Tool Steel Company for the use of Figures 151, 152, 154-156.

WILLIAM L. ILGEN.