Acworth, the English economist, 330, 331.
Adams, Alvin, 371, 372.
Adams, Maude, 293, 294.
Adams Express Company, 371-373.
Adams & Company, 372.
Ade, George, 303.
Advertising, railroad, 276;
bill for newspaper, 288;
open territory, 356.
Agricultural schools maintained by the railroads, 360, 361, 363.
Air-brake, 42, 125, 134, 249, 250.
Albany, bridge at, 14.
Albany & Syracuse Railroad, 371.
Algomah Central, 417.
Algomah, ferry, 415.
Alleghany Portage Railroad, 11, 12, 48, 149.
Allen, Horatio, 5, 6, 7, 8, 119.
Altoona shops of Pennsylvania Railroad, 12, 61, 154, 394, 395-398.
American bridge-builders do work of world, 74.
American Express Company, 372, 373.
American Locomotive Company, 126, 127.
“American Notes,” Dickens, quoted, 11.
Anchor Line, the, see Erie & Western Transportation Company.
Ann Arbor railway, 416.
Arabian, locomotive, 120.
Armstrong, Col. G. B., 377.
Ashtabula, Ohio, bridge disaster, 61.
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, 2, 32, 126, 127, 358, 386, 429.
Atlantic City, 367, 368.
Atlantic City Railroad, 127.
Atlantic Coast Line, 127.
Atlantic type of locomotive, 127.
Baggage, handling of, 93;
duties of baggagemen, 251, 252;
use of baggage-car, 322, 323.
Baldwin, Matthias, 122, 123.
Baltimore, railroad connections of, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19;
tunnels in, 49;
stations in, 96, 436.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 2, 9, 15-23, 41, 49, 58-60, 64, 65, 77, 96, 120, 126, 132, 139, 144, 376, 377, 394, 421, 427, 436.
Baltimore & Potomac R. R., 20.
Bangs, Col. George S., 377, 378.
“Bends,” cause and treatment of, 68, 70.
Bergen Tunnel, 318.
Bessemer, Sir Henry, 61.
Best Friend of Charleston, locomotive, 8, 120.
Big Muddy River, Illinois Central’s bridge over, 78.
Big Four, 27, 418.
Binghampton, N. Y., 81.
Black Diamond Express (Lehigh Valley Railroad), 286.
Black River Road, 217.
Blair, Postmaster General Montgomery, 377.
Blizzards, fighting of, 268-275.
Boards of directors of railroads, 156-158.
Bollman, —, designer of bridges, 61, 63.
Bonds, railroad, 36, 37.
Boston Elevated Railway, 428.
Boston, in 1831, 9;
railroad connections of, 10;
Josiah Perham’s excursions to, 29;
stations in, 88, 95-99, 313, 319, 320, 384;
suburban traffic of, 98, 99, 319.
“Boston Special” (New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad), 384.
Boston & Albany Railroad, 60, 77, 98, 106, 136, 370.
Boston & Lowell Railroad, 9, 10, 96, 98.
Boston & Maine Railroad, 1, 98, 319, 320, 333, 384, 437.
Boston & Providence Railroad, 95, 370.
Boston & Worcester line, 10, 124, 370.
Brakeman, duties of, 248-250.
Brandeis, Louis, 451, 452.
Brandywine Viaduct, 77.
Brennan, Louis, 442, 443.
Bridge-builders, personality and nationality of, 72-74.
Bridges—
at Albany, across Hudson, 14.
first across Mississippi, 28.
building of, 42, 56-79.
at Trenton, across Delaware, 57, 77.
at Springfield, across Connecticut River, 57.
of timber, 57-60, 62-64.
at Waterford, across Hudson River, 57.
Permanent Bridge, across Schuylkill River, 58.
of stone, 58, 59, 76, 77.
Starucca Viaduct, 58.
Thomas Viaduct, 58, 59, 76.
of iron, 60, 61.
of Rider design, 60.
B. & O. Monongahela River, 60.
Ashtabula, 61.
of steel, 61, 62, 76, 77.
at Portage, over Genesee River, 62.
forms of, 62-64.
through span, 64.
deck span, 64.
over Susquehanna River, between Havre-de-Grace and Aiken, 64, 65.
at Cincinnati, over Ohio River, 65.
suspension, 65.
cantilever, 65, 66.
over Kentucky River, 66.
Minnehaha, at St. Paul, 66.
over Niagara River, 66.
over Frazer River, 66.
at Poughkeepsie, 66.
personality of builders of, 72-74.
over Pend Oreille River, 73.
on line of Rio Grande & Western, 74.
replacing of, 75, 76.
Roebling’s, at Niagara Falls, 75.
at Steubenville, Ohio, 75, 76.
over Hackensack River, 76, 206, 207.
of concrete, 76-79.
Brandywine Viaduct, 77.
Pennsylvania, over Susquehanna River, 77.
New Brunswick, over Raritan River, 77.
over Florida Keys, 78.
at Slateford, Pa., 78.
over Big Muddy River, 78.
at Washington, D. C., 78.
Moodna Valley, steel trestle over, 143.
at Towanda, Pa., 144.
first steel bridge in America, 144.
across the Delaware, 367.
Brilliant cut-off (Pennsylvania Railroad), 148, 149< /a>.
Britton, H. M., 269.
Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, 88, 96, 97, 154, 320, 440.
Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, its care for employees, 427, 428.
Brooks plant, Dunkirk, 127.
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 423.
Brown, George, 16.
Brown, W. C., 167, 168, 362.
“Brown system,” see Demerit plan.
Bryant, Gridley, 6, 132.
Buffalo & Attica Railroad, 27.
Buffet sleepers, 307, 309.
Burlington, see Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R.
Burr, Theodore, 57, 63.
Burwick, J. M., 420.

Cab, use of, 123.
Caissons, their use in tunnel-construction, 52.
in bridge-building, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 77.
Calvert Station, Baltimore, 96.
Camden Station, Baltimore, 96, 436.
Camden & Amboy Railroad, 10, 121.
Campbell, Henry R., 122.
Canadian Pacific Railway, 2, 32, 141, 142, 406, 414, 417.
Canals, 4, 5, 9, 13, 34, 35.
Car-ferries, 416, 417.
Car-inspectors, duties of, 402, 403.
Cars, storage of, 89;
cleaning of, 90;
construction of, 132;
platforms and vestibules of, 134, 135, 308;
use of steel for, 135;
“foreign cars,” 389.
Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, 285, 286.
Employees, protection of, 176-179, 422, 423.
“Engine sheds,” 390.
Engine wheels, first turning of, in America, 7.
Engineer, duties of, 90, 247, 248.
Engines in yards and roundhouses, 89, 90.
English roundhouse principle, 89.
Enterprise line, the, 405.
Erie Canal, New York State, 4, 13, 14, 15.
Erie, Pa., transfer of passengers at, 14.
Erie Railroad, 22-25, 59, 60,

124, 126, 142, 143, 164, 299, 313-315, 317, 361, 392-394, 412, 417, 429, 430, 435.
Erie & Western Transportation Company, 417.
Evening Star, the, 299.
Excursions, use of, 358.
Express business, 369.
Express messenger, duties of, 251, 252.
Fargo, William G., 371, 372.
“Farmers’ special,” 360, 361, 363.
Felton, S. M., 124.
Ferry fleets, 412-415.
Fillmore, President, his trip on the Erie, 23.
Finances of railroad, 179-186.
Fireman, duties of, 90, 246, 391, 392.
Fish, shipping of, 345, 346.
Fisk, Jim, 299.
Fitchburg, Railroad, 96, 98.
Florida East Coast Railroad, 77, 78.
Florida Keys, 78.
Folders, bill for printing of, 288.
Food, shipping of, to the city, 343, 344.
Forbes, James M., 27.
Forney, M. N., 125.
Fort Wayne subsidiary, the, 147, 148.
France, railroad in, 35.
Frankfort, Germany, train-sheds in, 103.
Franklin, Benjamin, 375.
Frazer River bridge, 66.

Freehold & Jamesburg Agricultural Railroad (Pennsylvania Railroad), 359.
Freight claims, 183.
Freight, railroads once prohibited from carrying, 9;
Erie’s profits from, 25;
handling of, 34, 88, 107-118, 194;
traffic, 318, 325-354;
rate system for, 329-331;
threefold classification of, 330-332;
“back haul,” 334;
Australian system of, 334-336;
“demurrage,” 338;
fast trains for, 343.
Freight terminals, 107-115, 408.
Freight traffic-manager, duties of, 326, 327.
Fruit, shipping of California, 344, 345.
Fullerton, H. B., 362.
Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, 27.
Gallitzin Tunnel, 12, 50, 149, 441.
Garrett, John W., 20, 21.
Garrett, Robert, 21, 22.
Gasolene engine, use of, 137.
Gauge, standard, 46.
General attorney of the railroad, duties of, 170-174.
General counsel of the railroad, duties of, 170-174.
General manager, duties of, 187-201.
General passenger agent, duties of, 276-291, 366.
General superintendent, duties of, 190.
Genesee Valley Road, 143.
Geneva, N. Y., agricultural experimental school, 360.
George Washington, locomotive, 122.
Gould roads, 2, 3, 32.
Government regulation of railroads, 329.
Governor Paine, locomotive, 123.
Grades, railroad, 40, 41, 48, 139-151.
Grand Central Railroad, 316, 317, 420.
Grand Canal (Erie), 4.
Grand Central Station, New York, 88, 95, 96, 104, 315, 321, 384, 419, 421, 438, 439, 440.
Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, 416.
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, 3, 32, 42, 304, 333, 414, 416, 417, 436.
“Grangers,” 3.
Grant, General, 302, 303.
Grasshopper, locomotive, 120.
Great Lakes, highway up the, 414.
Great Northern Express Company, 373.
Great Northern Railroad, 2, 32, 126, 147, 300, 358, 417, 437.
Great Western Railway, see Grand Trunk.
Greenville, freight station at, 109, 110.
Gyroscope, see Mono-rail.
Hackensack River Bridge, 76, 206, 207.
Hadley, President, of Yale, 17.
Hand-brakes, use of, 250.
Hanson, Inga, 177.
Harbor fleet, a, 406, 407, 408.
Harlem River Branch (New Haven), 316, 317, 438.
Harnden, William F., 370, 371, 372.
Harriman, E. H., 139-141, 159, 166, 167, 358.
Harriman lines, 2, 297, 358, 406, 455-458, 460-463.
Harsemus Cove, 109, 110.
Harvard, the, 405, 406.
Haupt, Herman, 451, 452.
Hazard, Ebenezer, 374.
Headlight, first use of, 124.
“Head-room,” 42.
Hill, J. J., his roads, 2, 147, 159, 166, 167, 358, 373, 406.
Hinckley, —, a locomotive builder, 122.
Hine, Charles, 453-455, 459-461, 463.
Hoboken, Lackawanna Terminal at, 88, 102, 109.
Honesdale, Pa., switchback at, 41.
Hoosac Tunnel, 49, 437.
Hopkins, Mark, 30.
Hornellsville, Erie shops at, 392-394.

Horse Shoe Curve, 12.
Hotel-cars, see Dining-cars.
Howe, —, designer of bridges, 63.
Hudson, Commodore, bronze statue of, 354.
Hudson River Tunnel, 102, 412.
Huntington, Collis P., 30, 32.
Ice-floes, obstructions to the railroad marine, 416.
Idaho & Washington Northern Railroad, 73.
Illinois Central Railroad, 1, 28, 78, 313, 320, 321, 385, 429.
Imperial Limited (Canadian Pacific Railway), 141.
Inland Water Ways, 404-417.
Insurance, for railroad employees, 423.
Interstate Commerce Commission, 13, 329, 333, 335, 355, 374, 451.
Interstate Commerce Law, 210.
Interurban electric service, 432-434.
Ithaca, N. Y., switchback at, 41.
Jamaica, station at (Long Island), 318, 319.
Jamestown Exposition of 1907, 441.
Jay Gould, the, 299.
Jersey City, 109.
Jersey Heights Tunnel, 102.
Jervis, John B., 121.
Jewell, Postmaster General, 378.
John Bull, locomotive, 121.
Joy line, the, 405.
Judah, Theodore D., 29, 30, 31.
Kansas, boom in, 357.
Kentucky River bridge, 66.
Kicking Horse River, tunnel near, 142.
Kingwood Tunnel, 41, 49, 122.
Kirkwood, James P., 59, 77.
Kruttschnitt, Julius, 298, 455, 456, 458-460.
Lackawanna cut-off, 145.
Lackawanna Railroad, see Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad.
Lake Michigan, an obstruction to land traffic, 415.
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, 14, 27, 205, 378, 385, 394, 418, 419, 421.
Lane cut-off (Union Pacific), 44, 140.
Lard, shipping of, 342.
La Salle Street Station, Chicago, 101.
Latrobe, B. H., 19, 41, 49, 58, 60, 63, 122.
Lehigh Valley Railroad, 2, 144, 286, 361, 385.
Leiper, Thomas, 6.
Lewis, Isaac, Erie engineer, 25.
Lickey plane, 122.
Lights, code of, 86.
Lincoln, Abraham, 300, 302.
Link device, use of, 124.
Liquor, prohibition of use of, 421.
Livingston & Company, 372.
Locomotives, 5, 7, 8, 18, 26, 119-131.
Long Island commuters, 102, 103.
Long Island Express Company, 421.
Norris, William, 122.
North Station, Boston, 88, 97, 98, 313, 319, 320, 324, 384.

Northern Central Railroad, 11, 96.
Northern Cross Railroad, 26.
Northern Pacific Railroad, 2, 29, 32, 50, 51.
Northern Steamship Company, 417.
Northwestern station, Chicago, 88, 101, 106, 321.
Norwich, Conn., 10.
Observation cars, 308, 309.
Officials of railroads, 170-219.
Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, 19.
Old Colony Railroad, 98, 405.
Olympic, the, 407.
Oneida Railways Company, 435.

Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company, 460.
Organization, as a means to secure efficiency, 449-464.
Osgood, Samuel, 375.
“Our Inland Seas,” quotation from, 416.
Oxford Furnace, tunnel at, 145.
Pacific coast, railroad connections of, 28-32.
Pacific type of locomotive, 127.
Paderewski at Vassar, 294, 295.
Palmer, Timothy, 58.
Panhandle subsidiary, The, 147, 148.
Panic, of ’37, 13;
of ’07, 162, 359, 360.
Pape, Edward, 176, 177.
Park Avenue Tunnel, 439.
Park Square Station, Boston, 95, 96, 98.
Parkersburg, W. Va., railroad connections of, 19;
grade at, 41.
Parsons, Superintendent, 430.
Passenger coaches, 132-134, 398-400.
Passenger service, first road to have regular, 8.
Paterson works, 121, 122, 124.
Pay-car, gradual disappearance of the, 180.
Pend Oreille River bridge, 73.
Pennsylvania Railroad, 2, 12, 49, 50, 61, 76, 77, 96, 109, 110, 123, 135, 145, 146, 154, 159, 167, 170, 194, 297, 298, 300, 313, 317, 320, 359, 379, 385, 386, 394, 401, 406, 412, 413, 417, 421, 423-427, 435, 441, 451.
Pennsylvania Station, New York, 88, 102-104, 159-162, 318, 319, 412, 440.
Pensions, granted to employees, 425, 426.
People’s line, 12.
People’s Pacific Railroad, 29.
Pere Marquette Railway, 416, 429.
Perham, Josiah, 29, 30.
Permanent Bridge, across Schuylkill River at Philadelphia, 58.
Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown Railroad, 123.
Philadelphia, railroad connections of, 10, 11, 15, 21;
stations at, 88, 96, 97, 154, 320, 440.
Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad, 20.
Philadelphia & Columbia Railroad, 12.
Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, 2, 97, 124.
“Piano-box” system of switches, 84, 85, 86.
Pig iron, handling of, 341, 342.
Pioneer, locomotive, 27.
Pioneer, sleeping-car, 301, 302, 303.
Pittsburgh, railroad connections of, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19;
suburban traffic of, 147, 148;
Union Station at, 148.
Planes, inclined, disuse of, 11, 12.
Plumbe, John, 29.
Pomeroy, George, 371.
Pooling, objections to, 328, 331.
Portage, N. Y., bridge at, 62.
Portage Railroad, see Alleghany Portage Railroad.
Post-office Department, United States, 372-387.
Poughkeepsie Bridge, 66.
Prairie, type of locomotive, 127.
Pratt, —, designer of bridges, 61.
President, the, 304.
President of the railroad, the, 152-169.
Prince Rupert, on Grand Trunk Pacific Railroad, 32.
Private car lines, 13, 293-298.
Promotion in railroad service, 245, 255.
Providence, R. I., railroad connections of, 10.
“Public service stations,” 287.
Pullman, George M., 134, 299, 393.
Pullman and its railroad shops, 393, 394.
Pullman cars, construction of, 303.
Pullman Palace Car Company, 303.
Queen City, the, 299.
Quincy Granite Railroad, 132.
Railroad, The.
history of, in United States, 3-33.
English, 5, 7.
first American, 6.
horse-power, 6, 12, 17.
communal nature of early, 12.
paper of, 23.
treatment of bankrupt, 23.
telegraph first used by, 23.
development and building of, 34-48.
grants for, 35, 36.
cost of, 36.
financing of, 36, 37, 179-186.
keeping open for winter traffic, 38, 268-275.
water for use of, 41.
crossings on, 42.
tunnels, 48-55, 145-150, 436, 437.
bridges, 42, 56-79.
stations, 80-106.
suburban service, 80, 81, 90, 311-324.
roundhouses, 88-90.
yards, 83-91, 115-118.
freight terminals, 107-115, 408.
locomotives and cars, 119-137, 388-404.
building of the locomotive, 128-132.
building of cars, 132-137.
reconstruction of, 138.
grades, 139-151.
officials, 152-169, 187-219, 276-287.
legal department, 170-179.
financial department, 179-186.
tickets, 181-183, 288-290.
operating, 220-242.
time table, 221-223.
signals, 225-227, 236-238.
use of telephone, 235.
employees, 243-255, 418-431.
wrecking trains, 256.
rates, 282-287.
special trains and private cars, 292-310.
commuters’ trains, 311-324.
freight traffic, 325-355.
freight rates, 327-337.
scientific farming, 359-366.
express service, 369-374.
mail service, 374-387.
marine, 404-418.
ferries, 407-418.
electricity, 432-445.
mono-rail, 441-445.
organization, 449-464.
Rails laid on stone sleepers, 11.
Reading Railroad, 123, 313, 320.
Rebating, prohibition of, 328, 329.
Reconstruction of railroads, 138-151.
Red Line, All-British, 141.
Red Spot, Order of the, 430, 431.
Repair shops, locomotive and car, 400.
“Residences,” in railroad construction, 43.
Richardson, the architect, 106.
Rider, Nathaniel, 60.
Rio Grande & Western Railroad, 74.
Roadmaster, duties of, 239, 240.
Roads as compared with canals, 5.
Rochester, railroad connections of, 13, 14;
depot, 96.
Rock Island, see Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R.
Rockaway section, Long Island, home of Lillian Russell, 294.
Rockefeller, Mr., 296.
Roebling’s suspension at Niagara Falls, 75.
Rogers, Grosvenor, and Ketchum, locomotive builders, of Paterson, N. J., 26;
locomotive works, 121, 122, 124.
Ronkonkoma, Long Island, home of Maude Adams, 293, 294.
Roosevelt, Governor, 217, 218.
Rotary plough, 271.
Roundhouses, 88-90, 270, 388-402.
Rural free delivery, development of, 376.
Russell, Lillian, 294.
Rutland Railroad, 417.
Sacramento Valley Railroad, 30.
Sails on cars, experiments with, 17.
St. Albans, Vt., 333, 335.
St. John’s Church, New York, 354.
St. John’s Park, New York, 353, 354.
St. Louis, railroad connections of, 19289;
redemption of, 289, 290.
Time Tables, 221.
Tioga Railroad, 133.
Tom Thumb, locomotive, 18, 120.
Towanda, Pa., bridge at, 144.
Towermen, 82, 83, 85, 274.
Townsend, Oscar, 418.
Track-laying, world’s record of, 45;
profession of, 45, 46;
machine for, 46.
Track, on which

Stourbridge Lion locomotive ran, 7.
Track-walker, responsibility of, 253.
Traffic, making of freight and passenger, 355-368.
Trailer, the, 128, 129.
Train-despatcher, 221, 223, 224, 228-231, 233-235, 261.
Trainman, see Brakeman, duties of.
Train-master, duties of, 221.
Transcontinental railroads, 357, 358.
Transfer-house, 111-116.
Travelling passenger agents, duties of, 278.
Trenton, bridge at, 57, 77.
“Trolley arrangement” in freight-houses, 450.
Trumbull, —, bridge-builder, 60.
Tug, use of, 407, 409, 412.
Tunnels, 41, 48-55, 102, 104, 122, 141, 142, 145, 160, 161, 317-319, 412-414, 436, 437, 439, 441.
Turner, John B., 28.
Turn-tables, 89.
Underwood, F. D., 23, 142, 143, 164.
Union line, 13.
Union Pacific Railroad, 2, 28, 31, 32, 44, 137, 139-141, 298, 357, 459.
Union Station, Cleveland, 96, 418, 419.
Union Station, Pittsburgh, 148.
Union Station, St. Louis, 88, 97, 99, 100, 106.
Union Station, Washington, 88, 100, 101, 106.
United States Express Company, 372, 373.
Utica, railroad connections of, 13, 14.
Vanderbilt, Commodore, 14, 22, 378, 379.
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 419.
Vanderbilt, William H., 378, 379.
Vanderbilt family, the, 354, 419, 434.
Vermont Central Railroad, 123.
Vice-presidents of railroads, 156.
Voluntary Relief Department, 423-425.
Von Moltke, his reconstruction of the German army, 452.
Wabash Railroad, 26, 51, 414.
Wagner Palace Car Company, 300.
Walcott, —, builder of Springfield, Mass., bridge, 57.
Walsheart gears, 128.
Washington, George, 375.
“Washington cars,” 132, 133.
Washington, Connecticut Avenue Bridge at, 78;
Union Station at, 88, 100, 101, 106.
Water for use of railroad, 41.
Water transportation, see Inland Water Ways.
Waterford bridge, over Hudson River, 57.
Watertown, blizzard at, 268.
Waverley, the interchange yard, 110.
Webster, Daniel, and his trip on the Erie, 23, 25.
Weehawken “bridge,” 411.
Wells, Henry, 371, 372.
Wells, Fargo & Co., 372, 373.
West Penn Road, 149.
West Point, locomotive, 9.
West Shore Railroad, 75, 151, 265, 412, 434, 435.
Western Pacific Railroad, 29, 32.
Western Railroad, 10.
Westinghouse, George, 125.
Wheeling, railroad connections of, 18, 19.
Whipple, Squire, 61, 63.
Whistle on locomotive, first use of, 26, 124.
Whitney, Asa, 29, 30.
Whitney, Silas, 6.

Whyte’s classification, 127, 128.
Wiley, Dr., 397.
Willard, Daniel, 22.
Winans, Ross, 19, 122, 124, 132, 133.
Winnipeg shops, 393.
Women, conveniences for travelling, 309.
Woodruff Company, 299, 300.
Worcester, station at, 106.
World’s Fair of 1904, St. Louis, 99.
Wrecks, railroad, 189, 194-196;
wrecking-trains for, 257-265.
Yale, the, 405, 406.
Yardmaster, duties of, 189, 190, 193, 227-229.
York, see Arabian, locomotive.
Young Men’s Christian Association, 418, 419.

Footnote:

[1] “Our Inland Seas,” by James C. Mills, 1910.