[2] Stevens' Who spoils our English Books?

[3] Blades' Enemies of Books (p. 25).

[4] Ellwanger's Story of my House, p. 213.

[5] D. Clement, BibliothÈque curieuse.

[6] Edwards, Memoirs of Libraries, ii. 647-649.

[7] Edwards, ii. 659.

[8] Leighton (John), Book-plate Annual.

[9] Enemies of Books.

[10] P. G. Hamerton.

[11] P. G. Hamerton.

[12] H. W. Beecher.

[13] James Payn.

[14] Blackwood's Magazine, February, 1896.

[15] Blackwood's Magazine, February, 1896.

[16] Burke.

[17] Thirlwall.

[18] Blackwood's Magazine, February, 1896.

[19] J. S. Blackie.

[20] H. D. Traill.

[21] See Mr. Gladstone's ideas on the subject, in Gladstone in the Evening of his Days, p. 145.

[22] Bowen's lecture on Novel Reading.

[23] 'Periodically I am addressed by two constant and somewhat exigeant classes of correspondents: the young gentlemen who wish me to give them a list of the works requisite to form a journalist's library; and, next, the esteemed individuals of both sexes and all ages who want me to tell them how to keep a commonplace-book. I have replied to both these questions over and over again; and to give yet another list of the books which I think would be useful to professional writers for the press would be to outrage the patience of my non-professional patrons. The recipe for keeping a commonplace-book may, however, it is to be hoped, be repeated without giving offence to any one. Here it is; and pray observe that I have had it printed in small type, in order that the susceptibilities of readers who want to be amused and do not require to be instructed may not be wounded:—Procure a blank book, strongly bound, big or little, according to the largeness or smallness of your handwriting. Let the book have an index. It will be better if the paper of the book were ruled. When in the course of your reading you come on a passage which strikes you as worthy of being common-placed, copy it legibly in your commonplace-book. Say that the passage is the following, from Bacon's Natural History: "So the beard is younger than the hair of the head, and doth, for the most part, wax hoary later." At the end of this passage inscribe a circle or an ellipse, a square or a lozenge, just as you choose to do; and in the inscribed space write with red ink (better still with carmine) the figure 1. Then index the passage under letter B. "Beard younger than hair of head. 1." If you wish to be very careful in your common-placing, you may double index the passage by turning to letter H, and indicating the passage as "Head, hair of, older than beard." And so you may continue to transcribe consecutively all the passages which strike you in the course of your reading: never omitting to number the passage and to index it as soon as numbered. That is the system adopted by the Distressed Compiler, and he has made constant use of it for nearly forty years.'—G. A. Sala.

[24] Those who read everything acquire something, and especially they acquire, as the Bishop of Oxford (Dr. Wilberforce), once said, the invaluable power of knowing where, when they wanted first-hand information, they could most easily obtain it. That is the knowledge of the lawyer; and the knowledge of the lawyer, if he is competent, gradually becomes of the kind which qualifies him to be a judge.—Spectator, January 2nd, 1897.

[25] Napoleon was a great lover of small books. 'An insatiate reader while on his travels, Napoleon complained, when at Warsaw, in 1807, and when at Bayonne, in 1808, that his librarian at Paris did not keep him well supplied with books. "The Emperor," wrote the secretary to Barbier, "wants a portable library of a thousand volumes in 12mo., printed in good type without margin, and composed as nearly as possible of forty volumes on religion, forty of epics, forty of plays, sixty of poetry, a hundred of novels, sixty of history, the remainder, to make up the thousand, of historical memoirs. The religious works are to be the Old and New Testament, the Koran, a selection of the works of the Fathers of the Church, works respecting the Aryans, Calvinists, of Mythology, &c. The epics are to be Homer, Lucan, Tasso, Telemachus, The Henriade, &c." Machiavelli, Fielding, Richardson, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Corneille, Racine, and Rousseau were also among the authors mentioned.'

[26] Murray's Magazine, September, 1889.

[27] Nineteenth Century, January, 1884.

[28] Parker, Domestic Architecture.

[29] Putnam, Books and their Makers, vol. i.

[30] See ante, p. 8.

[31] Many interesting references to Pepys' Collections are found in Mr. H. B. Wheatley's Pepys, and the World he Lived in. The following extracts are taken from the same writer's new and final edition of the Diary:—

[32] Index Rhetoricus, of Thomas Farnaby, was a book which went through several editions. The first was published at London, by R. Allot, in 1633.

[33] The first edition of Butler's Hudibras is dated 1663, and it probably had only been published a few days when Pepys bought it and sold it at a loss. He subsequently endeavoured to appreciate the work, but was not successful. The edition in the Pepysian Library is dated 1689.

[34] This was Speght's edition of 1602, which is still in the Pepysian Library. The book is bound in calf, with brass clasps and bosses. It is not lettered.

[35] These presses still exist, and, according to Pepys' wish, they are placed in the second court of Magdalene College, in a room which they exactly fit, and the books are arranged in the presses just as they were when presented to the college.

[36] Tatler, No. 158.

[37] Wheatley, Pepys and the World he Lived in, p. 84.

[38] I believe these rules were originally drawn up by Mr. B. R. Wheatley.

[39] No bookshelves ought to be beyond the reach of a moderately tall person.

[40] 'The books were numbered consecutively throughout the library, and, therefore, when rearranged, they needed all to be renumbered. All hands were pressed into this service, and we read that on the 15th of February, 1667-68, Pepys himself, his wife, and Deb. Willett were busy until near midnight "titleing" the books for the year, and setting them in order. They all tired their backs, but the work was satisfactory..... (See ante, p. 78.)

'The books are arranged in eleven curious old mahogany bookcases, which are mentioned in the Diary under date August 24, 1666. "Up and dispatched several businesses at home in the morning, and then comes Sympson to set up my other new presses for my books, and so he and I fell into the furnishing of my new closett, and taking out the things out of my old, and I kept him with me all day, and he dined with me, and so all the afternoon till it was quite darke hanging things, that is, my maps and pictures and draughts, and setting up my books, .... to my most extraordinary satisfaction."'—Wheatley, Pepys and the World he lived in, pp. 83-4.

[41] Library Journal, August, 1878.

[42] Tonks' fittings are specially adapted for the shelves of book-cases or other shelves, the adjustment of which has, from time to time, to be varied to suit the varying requirements of a library, &c. The method hitherto generally adopted for such shelves is to support them at each end by two studs, the heads of which are mortised into the shelf, and the pins driven or otherwise fitted into holes two or more inches apart, bored in two rows into the upright frames; these holes are very seldom accurately fitted to the pins, and even where so done in the first instance, from the shrinking or expansion of the wood, they soon become too large or too small for the pins, and the alteration of the adjustment of a shelf is thereby rendered an extremely troublesome operation. The patent fittings remedy this, and save both time and trouble; in place of the rows of holes so far apart, metal strips perforated at intervals of three-quarters of an inch for the reception of the very simple but strong metal plates, which take the place of the old studs, are mortised in and screwed to the frames. The insertion, at the required intervals, of the plates into the perforations in these strips is made instantaneously, consequently the position of a shelf can be easily altered without an irritating expense of trouble, and waste of time. The thinness of the plates renders any mortising in the shelf unnecessary, and the small intervals between the perforations in the strips enables the whole space occupied by the shelves to be used most economically. These fittings, when used with a shelf sufficiently strong itself to bear the weight, will support without strain more than half a ton.

[43] Nineteenth Century, March, 1890.

[44] Edwards, Memoirs of Libraries, ii., 736.

[45] The Sizes of Books.—The Associated Librarians of Great Britain decided upon a uniform and arbitrary scale for the measurement and description of the sizes of books. In consequence of the many and varied sizes of papers now manufactured, the terms folio, quarto or 4to., octavo or 8vo., twelvemo or 12mo., and so on, as indicating the number of folds in the printed sheets, can no longer be relied upon as a definite guide to the sizes of books, hence the change, as follows:—

[46] Edwards, Memoirs of Libraries, ii., 739.

[47] Blades, Enemies of Books.

[48] Edwards, ii., 737.

[49] See p. 106.

[50] The Story of my House.

[51] These notices of the Hawarden Library may be compared with the accounts given in Dennistoun's Dukes of Urbino of a great Florentine library:—

'Adjoining (the main library) was a study, fitted up with inlaid and gilded panelling, beneath which .... were depicted Minerva with her Ægis, Apollo with his lyre, and the nine muses, with their appropriate symbols. A similar small study was fitted up immediately over this one, set round with armchairs encircling a table, all mosaicked with tarsia, ... while in each compartment of the panelling was the portrait of some famous author, and an appropriate distich.... To the right and left of the carriage entrance into the great courtyard are two handsome saloons, each about forty-five feet by twenty-two, and twenty-three in height. That on the left contained the famous library of MS. collected by Count Federigo; the corresponding one received the printed books which, gradually purchased by successive dukes, became, under the last sovereign a copious collection. Baldi, in his description of the palace, printed in Bianchini's works, dwells on the judicious adaptation of the former, its windows set high against the northern sky, admitting a subdued and steady light which invited to study; its air cool in summer, temperate in winter; its walls conveniently sheltered.....'

[52] Nineteenth Century, March, 1890.

[53] Library Assoc. Report, 1878, p. 75.

[54] Great Book Collectors, p. 74.

[55] American Library Journal, vol. i., p. 69.

[56] Memoirs of the Dukes of Urbino, p. 159.

[57] Willis and Clark, History of Cambridge University, vol. iii., p. 416.

[58] Edis, Decoration and Furniture of Town Houses, pp. 188-191.

[59] Symonds, The Revival of Learning, pp. 174, 175.

[60] Ibid., pp. 172-7.

[61] Symonds, Revival of Learning, pp. 139, 140.

[62] Symonds, Revival of Learning, pp. 180-2.

[63] Putnam, Books and their Makers, vol. i., p. 338.

[64] Symonds, Revival of Learning, p. 167.

[65] Ibid., pp. 172-3.

[66] Dennistoun, Memoirs of the Dukes of Urbino, vol. i., p. 155.

[67] Ibid., vol. i., pp. 156-7.

[68] Memoirs of the Dukes of Urbino, vol. i., pp. 153-5.

[69] Ibid., vol. i., p. 154.

[70] Memoirs of the Dukes of Urbino, pp. 219, 220.

[71] Elton, Great Book Collectors, pp. 180-4.

[72] The Library, July, 1895.

[73] Sesame and Lilies.

[74] Sesame and Lilies.

[75] Crown of Wild Olive, p. 87.

[76] Ibid., p. 60.

[77] Ibid., p. 46.