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Thomas Patrick Hughes

This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net.

Scans of this book are available from the Internet Archive (copy 1).

For the proper presentation of Arabic, Hebrew, and Greek, installation of the following Unicode fonts is suggested:

  • Arabic: Scheherazade.
  • Greek: Charis SIL.
  • Hebrew: Shlomo or Ezra SIL.

Metadata

Title: A Dictionary of Islam: Being a CyclopÆdia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together with the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion
Author: Thomas Patrick Hughes (1838–1911) Info
Language: English
Original publication date: 1885

Encoding

The source of this ebook is inconsistent in the transliteration of Arabic words. In particular, the indication of vowel length and the use of dotted consonants is often inconsistent. During production of this ebook, some attempts have been made to correct the most obvious issues, but no attempt has been made to make it completely consistent. In several cases, inconsistent spellings have been used intentionally, for example when giving titles of or citing other books. Corrections made have been indicated in the colophon. However, since this ebook was produced from relatively low quality scans, not all indicated errors may actually have been present in the original work. This holds in particular missing diacritics and punctuation marks.

When fixing inconsistent spellings or use of diacritics, several methods where used. In several cases, the original spelling in Arabic script was consulted. In other cases, when a clear preference for a certain spelling was present, the spelling has been normalized to that spelling. When variations could not be resolved either way, they where left as is.

Obvious spelling and typographical errors have been fixed.

End-of-line hyphenation has been silently resolved.

Internal cross-references (given in small-caps) have been linked to the referenced entries, except when they cannot be resolved.

References to the Quran have been linked to an external site; unfortunately, due to the different verse numbering used in India at that time, as compared to the modern (Egyptian) verse numbering, you may need to scroll a few verses up or down to locate the intended verse on that site.

Revision History

  • 2019-08-04 Started.

External References

The following corrections have been applied to the text:

iles@61526@61526-h@61526-h-47.htm.html#xd29e34656">241, 344, 374, 699
 “ ‘ 1
28, 28, 213, 344, 344, 344, 352, 377, 429, 464, 646, 658, 705 ” ’ 1
28, 84, 134, 142, 423, 427, 472, 487, 487, 532, 573, 636 ’ ” 1
28 ?Abdu ?llah ?Abdu ?ll?h 1 / 0
Passim. [Not in source] ” 1
28 ?Abdu?ll?h ?Abdu ?ll?h 1
29, 50, 101, 153, 181, 206, 267, 280, 416, 439, 442, 467, 468, 468, 488, 533, 535, 661, 673 [Not in source] ) 1
29, 618 Suf? ??f? 2 / 0
29 B?BU ?N-NIS?, B?BU ?N-NIS?? 1
29 ??? ????? ??? ?????? 1
29, 30 Gh?bah G?h?bah 1 / 0
30, 71, 49 Karw?n K?rw?n 1 / 0
363, 383, 407, 454, 458, 489, 501, 522, 612, 622, 680 , . 1
146 his His 1
146, 146 he He 1
146 He he 1
146 His his 1
147 the they 1
147 act Act 1
149 Gham?rah G?ham?rah 1 / 0
150, 337, 341, 666 Muhammadan Muh?ammadan 1 / 0
150 if it 1
151 K?hosru K?hosr? 1 / 0
151 abut about 1
151 Q?z?i Q?z?? 1 / 0
152, 201 Fat?w?-i-?Alamg?r? Fat?w?-i-??lamg?r? 1 / 0
152 Bailie’s Baillie’s 1
154 ?Usm?n ?Us?m?n 1 / 0
154 H??JAR H?JAR 1 / 0
154 ???? ?????? ????? ?????? 1
155 H?j? H??j? 1 / 0
156, 157, 220, 236, 517, 637 Ibrah?m Ibr?h?m 1 / 0
156 Ka?bah? Ka?bah 1 / 0
157, 212, 351, 351, 486 ?ah?ih?u ?ah??h?u 1 / 0
201 ?l-Muk?hhtar ?l-Muk?ht?r 2 / 1
201 Sh??ah? Sh??ah 1 / 0
202, 272 Maul?w? Maulaw? 1 / 0
202 at-Taftaz?n? at-Taft?z?n? 1 / 0
202 ?L-M?SIQA ?L-M?S?Q? 2 / 1
202 ?l-U?? ?l-U??l 1
202 R?y?z?ah Riy?z?ah 1 / 0
203 at-Jaqi at-Taq? 2 / 1
204 Ma?s?d Mas??d 2
204, 574, 574 Sh??as Sh??ahs 1
204 I?m?m I?m?n 1
205 Habs H?abs 1 / 0
207 Sh?a?h Sh??ah 2
207 As-Siraj?yah As-Sir?j?yah 1 / 0
209 It If 1
212 [Not in source] , peace be upon him 19
212 Luq? L?q? 1 / 0
213 Qissis Qiss?s 1 / 0
213 al-Baiz??wi al-Baiz??w? 1 / 0
213 INSH? INSH?? 1
213 TA??LA TA??L? 1 / 0
213 AL-INSHIR?H AL-INSHIR?H? 1 / 0
214, 652 Muhammad’s Muh?ammad’s 1 / 0
214 imgination imagination 1
215 IQTIZ?? IQTIZ??? 1
215 S??f? ??f? 2 / 0
215 terrestial terrestrial 1
216 ??SA ??S? 1 / 0
216, 440 Sha?y? Sha?y?? 1
217, 297 ?l-F?d?? ?l-Fid?? 1 / 0
294 ?Uk?z ?Uk?z? 1 / 0
295 succcesful successful 2
295, 535 Bag?hdad Bag?hd?d 1 / 0
295 ?z?-Z?un?n ?z?-Z?un?n 1
295 ?l-Malik ?l-M?lik 1 / 0
295, 297 Abbasside Abbaside 1
296 twnnty twenty 1
296 din?rs d?n?rs 1 / 0
297 ?l-fid? ?l-Fid?? 2
297 encyclopÆdians encyclopedias 2
298 Sa?d Sa?d 1
298 ?z-Zun?n ?z?-Z?un?n 2 / 0
299 Yahya Yah?y? 2 / 0
301, 619 Absal Abs?l 1 / 0
302 suported supported 1
302 Spenger Sprenger 1
302 Se See 1
302 tana??um tana?um 1
302 Muh?amman Muh?ammadan 2
303 Madinatu Mad?natu 1 / 0
303 SHUAIB SHU?AIB 1
305 Sunnis Sunn?s 1 / 0
305, 607 K?horos?n K?horas?n 1
306, 311 Sultan Sult??n 2 / 0
306 Sult?n Sult??n 1 / 0
309 al-maisar al-maisir 1
310 MAJZ?B MAJ??B 1 / 0
310, 354, 603, 605 ( [Deleted] 1
311 H?ij?z? H?ij?z 1 / 0
3 ss="width40 bottom">Mohammed’s Mohammeds 1
387 illustates illustrates 1
389 toothpick tooth-pick 1
391 Ka?bah Ka?bah 1
391, 391 secresy secrecy 1
392 revaled revealed 1
392 Hiyatu ?l-Qulub H?ay?tu ?l-Qul?b 4 / 1
392 Kab?ah Ka?bah 2
395 right-hand right hand 1
396, 532 al-Madinah al-Mad?nah 1 / 0
399 at?-T?Âhir at?-T??hir 1 / 0
399 Fat??mah F?t?imah 2 / 0
400 Kul??m Kuls??m 2 / 0
400, 448 ?Ab? Ab? 1
400 itfelf itself 1
401, 649, 680 Kur-Án ?ur-Án 1 / 0
402 Naoh Noah 2
402 al-Jil?ni al-J?l?n? 2 / 0
402 Marrocco Morocco 2
402 Wahhab?ism Wahh?b?ism 1 / 0
402 milllions millions 1
403 recongnize recognize 1
404 Chatholicism Catholicism 1
405 verocity voracity 2
406, 424 Blochman Blochmann 1
407, 407 Geshichte Geschichte 1
407 Qorans QorÂns 1 / 0
407 ASHURA? ?ASHURA? 1
407 dagggers daggers 1
409 Qabr-i-Husain Qabr-i-H?usain 1 / 0
540 Al-Madinah Al-Mad?nah 1 / 0
541 mother’s mothers’ 2
542 Al-G?haz?l? Al-G?hazz?l? 1
542 unharmed unhorned 2
543 createdest createdst 1
545 ! . 1
545 ?Idu ??du 2 / 1
545 l-Azh?? ?l-Az?h?? 2 / 1
546 Duru Durru 1
546 l?-Ma??bih? ?l-Ma??bih? 2
547 Ruh?u R?h?u 1 / 0
547, 547, 547 Ar-Ruh?u Ar-R?h?u 1 / 0
547, 547 RUH?U R?H?U 1 / 0
547, 554 ?LLAH ?LL?H 1 / 0
547 ?l-Qudu? ?l-Qudus 1 / 0
548 do do do 3
548 ?????? ????? 1
549 interrrogated interrogated 1
549 RU?YA? R?Y?? 3 / 1
550 ?????? ?????? 3 / 1
551 S?bi? ??bi? 1 / 0
551 as-??bi? a?-??bi? 1 / 0
551 SABAEANS SABEANS 1
551 IDU? L-AZHA ?IDU ?L-AZHA 3
551 ?l-Ma?ab?h? ?l-Ma??b?h? 1 / 0
551 ?z-Z?uh?? ?z?-Z?uh?? 1 / 0
551 Uz?h?yah Uz?h??yah 1 / 0
553 ) ] 1
554 IDU ??DU 2 / 1
554 WAQQ?S WAQQ?? 1 / 0
554 ???? ???? 1
605 Kashsh?fu ??t?il?h??ti Kashsh?fu I?t?il?h??ti 1
605 ????? ???? 3 / 2
605 [Not in source] (3) 4
608 [Not in source] do 3
608 ?uf?y?n ??f?y?n 1 / 0
608 Suf?yah ??f?yah 2 / 0
609 Ah?d?s? Ah??d?s? 1 / 0
609, 637 [Not in source] is 3
609 [Not in source] are 4
612 majz?b maj??b 1 / 0
612 majz?b-i-S?lik maj??b-i-S?lik 1 / 0
612 S?lik-i-majz?b S?lik-i-maj??b 1 / 0
615, 702 Muhammadanism Muh?ammadanism 1 / 0
616 ak?h?ru ?k?hiru 2 / 0
620 ?uf?ism ??f?ism 1 / 0
621 slaves slave 1
622 Sip?rah S?p?rah 1 / 0
622 Superogatory Supererogatory 2
622 Ah?ad?s? Ah??d?s? 1 / 0
623 T?A?AH T???AH 1 / 0
624 medicant mendicant 1
624 T??bi??n T?bi??n 1
625, 625 T?ag?h?t T??g?h?t 1 / 0
625 Mar?yah M?riyah 2 / 0
627 La L? 1 / 0
628 2 3 1
628 Sih??h? ?ih??h? 1 / 0
629 Basmallah Bismill?h 3 / 2
629 tat?h??r tat?h?r 1 / 0
630 look looks 1
631 preceeding ?Alamu ??lamu 1 / 0
739 ?Amil ??mil 1 / 0
739 ?Ab? ?Ab?? 1
740 ?l-Mas?h ?l-Mas?h? 1 / 0
741 F??il F??il 1
742 ????? ????? 1
742 ?l-k?hat?? ?l-k?hat??? 1
742 Qur?nu Qur??nu 1
742 H?fiz?ah H??fiz?ah 1 / 0
743 ????? ????? 2
746 Ma?na Ma?n? 1 / 0
747 Mus?q? M?s?q? 1 / 0
748 N?h N?h? 1 / 0
748 N?y?z-i-ras?l Niy?z-i-ras?l 1 / 0
749 ???????? ???????? 1
749 ?l-at?qah ?l-?at?qah 1
749 ??????? ?????? 1
750 Yuh?ann? Y?h?ann? 1 / 0
750 ?l-h?ar? ?l-h?ar?? 1

Overview of abbreviations used.

Abbreviation Expansion
A.H. Anno Hegirae
A.V. Authorized Version
B.D. [Expansion not available]
C.B. [Expansion not available]
C.I.E. [Expansion not available]
C.S.I. Companion of the Star of India
D.D. Doctor of Divinity
H.M. [Expansion not available]
K.C.B. [Expansion not available]
l.l. [Expansion not available]
LL.B. [Expansion not available]
LL.D. Doctor of Laws
M.A. [Expansion not available]
M.D. [Expansion not available]
M.R.A.S. Member of the Royal Asiatic Society
N.B. Nota Bene
Ph.D. [Expansion not available]
q.v. quod vide
S.P.C.K. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
S.W. [Expansion not available]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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