(1) Copeland, Edwin B. Genera Filicum. Waltham, Mass., 1947.

(2) Degener, Otto. Plants of Hawaii National Park. Honolulu, 1930.

(3) Fagerlund, Gunnar, and Arthur L. Mitchell. A Checklist of the Plants Hawaii National Park, Kilauea-Mauna Loa Section. Hawaii National Park, 1944.

(4) Fowler, Robert. “Annotated List of Ferns of the Kilauea-Mauna Loa Section of Hawaii National Park.” American Fern Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1940.

(5) Hillebrand, W. F. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. New York, 1888.

(6) Wagner, W. H., Jr. “Ferns Naturalized in Hawaii.” Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Vol. XX, No. 8. Honolulu, 1950.