Of the uninterrupted Authority of the Publick Council during the Capevingian Race.

We may learn, out of Froissard, Monstrellet, Gaguinus, Commines, Gillius, and all the other Historians who have written concerning these Times, that the Authority of the Publick Council was little or nothing less in the Time of the Capevingian Family than it had been during the two former Races. But because it would be too troublesome, and almost an infinite Labour to quote every Instance of this Nature, we shall only chose some few of the most remarkable Examples out of a vast Number which we might produce.

And the first shall be, what hapned in the Year 1328. When Charles the Fair dying without Issue Male, and leaving a Posthumous Daughter behind him; Edward King of England, and Son to Isabella, Sister of Charles, claimed the Kingdom of France as belonging to him of Right. Now there could be no Trial of greater Importance, nor more illustrious, brought before the Publick Council, than a Controversy of this Kind. And because it was decided there, and both Kings did submit themselves to the Judgment and Determination of the Council, 'tis an irrefragable Argument, that the Authority of the Council was greater than that of both Kings. This Fact is recorded not only by all our own Historians, but by Polydore Virgil an English Writer, Histor. lib 19. Moreover, that great Lawyer Paponius, Arrestorum, lib. 4. cap. I. has left it on Record, (grounded, no doubt, upon sufficient Authorities,) "That both Kings were present at that Council, when the Matter was almost brought to an open Rupture; by the Advice of the Nobles, a General Convention of the People and States was summon'd: and the Vote of the Majority was, that the Kinsman, by the Father's Side, ought to have the Preference; and that the Custody of the Queen, then great with Child, shou'd be given to Valois; to whom also the Kingdom was adjudged and decreed in Case she brought forth a Daughter."—Which History Froissard, Vol. I. Cap. 22. Paponius Arrest. lib. 4. cap. I. Art. 2. and Gaguinus in Philippo Valesio, have published.

The Year 1356, furnishes us with another Example; at which Time King John was defeated by the English at Poictiers; taken Prisoner, and carried into England.—"After so great a Calamity, the only Hopes left were in the Authority of the Great Council; therefore immediately a Parliament was summon'd to meet at Paris. And altho' King John's Three Sons, Charles, Lewis and John, were at Hand, the eldest of which was of competent Age to govern; yet other Men were chosen, to wit, twelve approved Persons out of each Order of the States, to whom the Management of the Kingdom's Affairs was intrusted; and there it was decreed, that an Embassy shou'd be sent into England to treat of Peace with the English." Froissard, Vol. I. cap. 170. Joannes Buchettus, lib. 4. fol. 118. Nich. Gillius in Chron. Regis Joannis, are our Authors.

A third Instance we have Anno 1375, when the last Will and Testament of Charles the Fifth, Surnamed the Wise, was produced: By which Will he had appointed his Wife's Brother, Philip Duke of Bourbon, to be Guardian to his Sons, and Lewis Duke of Anjou his own Brother, to be Administrator of the Kingdom till such Time as his Son Charles shou'd come of Age. But notwithstanding this, a Great Council was held at Paris, wherein (after declaring the Testament to be void and null) it was decreed, that the Administration of the Kingdom shou'd be committed to Lewis, the Boy's Uncle: "But upon this Condition, that he should be ruled and governed in that Administration, by the Advice of certain Persons named and approv'd by the Council." The Education and Tutelage of the Child was left to Bourbon; and at the same Time a Law was made, that the Heir of the Kingdom shou'd be crown'd as soon as he shou'd be full 14 Years old, and receive the Homage and Oath of Fidelity from his Subjects.— Froissard, Vol. 2. cap. 60. Buchett, lib. 4. fol. 124. Chro. Brit. Cap.

A 4th Example we have in the Year 1392; at which Time the same Charles the Sixth was taken with a sudden Distraction or Madness, and was convey'd first to Mans, and afterwards to Paris; and there a General Council was held, wherein it was decreed by the Authority of the States, that the Administration of the Kingdom shou'd be committed to the Dukes of Aquitain and Burgundy.—Froissard, Vol. 4. cap. 44. is our Author.

5. Neither must we omit what Paponius (Arrest. lib. 5. tit. 10. Art. 4.) testifies to have been declared by the Parliament at Paris, within the Compass of almost our own Memories, when Francis the First had a Mind to alienate Part of his Dominions; viz. "That all Alienations of that Kind made by any of his Predecessors, were void and null in themselves; upon this very Account, that they were done without the Authority of the Great Council, and of the Three Estates," as he calls them.

A 6th Example we have in the Year 1426, when Philip Duke of Burgundy, and Hanfred [Dux GlocestriÆ] were at mortal Enmity with each other, to the great Detriment of the Commonwealth and it was at last agreed between them to determine their Quarrel by single Combat: For in that Contention the Great Council interposed its Authority, and decreed that both shou'd lay down their Arms, and submit to have their Controversies judicially tryed before the Council, rather than disputed with the Sword. Which History is related at large by Paradinus, in Chron. Burgund. lib. 3. Anno 1426.

A 7th Example happned in the Year 1484, when Lewis the Eleventh dying, and leaving his Son Charles, a Boy of 13 Years old; a Council was held at Tours, wherein it was decreed, "The Education of the Boy shou'd be committed to Anne the King's Sister;" but the Administration of the Kingdom shou'd be intrusted to certain Persons Elected and approved by that Council; notwithstanding Lewis, Duke of Orleans, the next Kinsman by the Father's Side, demanded it as his Right. A Testimony of which Transaction is extant in the Acts of that Council, printed at Paris; and in Joannes Buchettus 4th Book, folio 167.