Catherine Cooper Hopley

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Am., American; Ass., Association; Br., British; co., cobra; Con., Convention; cons., constrictor; cro., crotalus; cy., cyclopÆdia; C.M.Z.S., Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society; F.Z., Fellow of the Zoological Society; hist., history; nat., natural; N.Y., New York; py., python; Soc., Society; s., snake; ss., snakes; ser., serpent; v., viper; vs., vipers; U.S., United States; z., zoological; Z.G., Zoological Gardens; Trans., Transactions; Proc., Proceedings.

A

‘Aberfoyle’ (the barque), sea-ser. seen from, 249.

Abnormal development, of teeth, 67;

of sea-sers., 265, et seq.;

of hair, 302;

two heads, 189.

Abnormal, health in captivity, 84, 440, 450, 457, 565;

gestation, 437, 439, et seq., 459, 466, 505.

Academy of Sciences, Paris, 444.

Acaltetepon, the, 590.

‘Account, of the Beasts in Virginia’, 280;

of the rattlesnake, 275.

Acrobats, 181, 196, 198, 214, et seq., 219, 239, 472, et seq.

Adaptation, of organization, 70, 135;

of habits to temperature, 159, et seq. (see hibernation);

of coils, 200, 204;

of ribs in progression, 207;

of form, 215.

Adaptive development, of head bones, 31, 34;

of spine bones, 70;

of windpipe, 132;

of salivary glands, 342, 350, 537, 557;

of teeth, 348, 350, 364, 408.

Adipose tissue, 394.

Admiralty, the, report of a sea-ser. to, 255, 259.

Advance of Ophiology, 3, 21, 75, 81, 191, 273, 353, 363, 372, 443, 485, 515, et seq.

Ælian, an error traced to, 191.

Æsculapius, his remedies, 522.

Africa, range of sea-s., 236.

Air-bladder, the, 262.

Air-breathers, 44, 146, 222, 265.

Air-tube, 132, 135, 137, et seq. (see glottis, respiration).

‘Albert Nyanza’, the, 358.

Alceste, Voyage of the, 111, et seq.

Alcohol a popular remedy, 548, et seq.

Aldrovandus, 102;

his work, 272.

Alexander the Great, 407 (see Bucephalus).

Alligators, 43, 261.

Amazon, the Jararaca, 421;

Wallace’s ‘Travels in’, ib.;

anaconda from, 455.

‘American Agriculturist’, the, 485.

American Ass. for the Advancement of Science, 485, et seq., 572;

secretary to, 490.

American colonies, the, 284.

‘American Naturalist’, the, 93, 151, 308, 310, 450, 485, et seq., 490;

editor of, 485 (see Putnam).

American sea-ser., 252.

Ammonia an approved remedy, 533, 547.

Amphibia, the, 46.

Amsterdam, py. at, 437.

Anatomy, of head, 30;

of jaws, 31, 34;

of the spine, 209;

of the rattlesnake, 275.

‘Anatomy of the Vertebrates’, 67, 119, 131, 143, 147, 180, 184, 196, et seq., 212, 336 (see Owen).

‘Anecdotes of Serpents’, 216, 523.

‘Animal Biography’, 134.

Animal kingdom, 51.

‘Animal Physiology’, 147, 210 (see Carpenter).

‘Animal Physiology’ (Roget’s), 120, 195 (see Roget).

‘Animal World’, the, 169.

‘Animalium Mexicanum’, 190, 590.

‘Annales des Sciences Naturelle’, 78, 91, 442, 444.

AntennÆ of insects, 118, 120, 126, et seq.

Antidotes, 275;

Fayrer’s definition of, 533;

various reputed ones, ib., 534, 539, 547, et seq.

Apodal, ss. are, 206.

Appendages, mythical, 101;

caudal, 172, et seq.;

epidermal, 315;

‘horns’, 320;

crest, 325;

tentacular, 326;

as ‘claws’, ib. (see rattle, epidermis).

Aquatic ss., 53, 145, 150, 174, 221, 225, et seq., 233, et seq., 401, 423, 453, 495, 496.

Arabs chew herbs, 525.

Archeopteryx, 44.

Aristotle, his name for reptiles, 45;

bite of s., 96;

marine ss., 244;

vs., 432, et seq.

Arius, the, 489.

Armadillo, 413.

Association, Am., 485, et seq.

Association, Br., 42.

Atlantic, the, 249;

sea-ss. in, 238;

sea-ser., 252.

Atrophied limbs, 326.

Atter, Ætter, 479.

‘Aunt Judy’s Magazine’, 21, 72, 303, 312, 333, 470.

Aural: powers of anguis fragilis, 476;

apparatus of ground ss., 527.

Australia, s.-hunting in, 167;

sea-s., 236, 246.

‘Australia, Snakes of’ (see Krefft).

Axolotl, 44.

B

Bacon, Lord, quoted, 49, 57;

a poor naturalist, 99.

Bagrus, the, 489.

Baird of U.S. on the bull-s., 502.

Baker, Owen, a sea-ser. seen by, 257, et seq.

Baker, Sir Samuel: v. fangs, 357.

Balance of Nature, 17, 57.

Balfour’s ‘British India’, 74, 76, 86.

Balfour’s ‘CyclopÆdia of India’, 86.

Bancroft, H. H., ser.-worship, 514.

Banks, Sir Joseph, action of ribs, 207;

letter to Waterton, 418.

Bard of Avon, the, 97.

Bartlett, Mr. A. D., on the sea-ser., 255, 261, et seq.;

presenting a v., 322;

buying an anaconda, 455.

Barton, Benjamin Smith, on the Cro., 299.

Bartram (Mr., of U.S.): a ‘roaring’ s., 155;

‘cluster of teeth’, 371.

Bates (H. W.): a cannibal s., 39;

Jararaca, 421.

Batrachia, the, 51.

Battues of ss., 286, et seq., 289.

Beal (J. W., of U.S.): sound of the rattle, 309.

Beaufort, Duke of (A.D. 1709), 173.

Beaumont and Fletcher, quotation from, 487.

Beauvoir, Palisot de, his testimony, 488.

Bell, Prof. Thomas, 4;

food of ring-s., 74;

his tame s., 76;

his ‘British Reptiles’, ib.;

a trustworthy herpetologist, 78;

ss. drink, ib., 91;

editor ‘Zoological Journal’, 140;

on anguis fragilis, 453;

gestation of anguis fragilis, 466;

sloughing of anguis fragilis, 481;

the maternal refuge, 493.

Bellowing s., 155, et seq.

Ben Jonson, 99.

Bengal, Bay of, range of sea-ss., 236.

Berkeley; rattlesnake remedies, 538.

Beverley, Colonel: a stinging tail, 174;

his ‘History of Virginia’, 281;

a severed head biting, 390.

Bezoar, 523.

Bibron, 80 (see DumÉril).

Bingley, a boa feeding, 134.

‘Blackie’, 458, et seq.

Bladder, the swim-, 145.

Blake (Colonel, of Virginia), a rattlesnake, 284.

Blanket, swallowed, 35;

disappointing, 588.

Blowing: the, vi. 152;

as ‘puffing’, 148;

like a bull, 155.

Bluets, 65.

Bond, Rev. H., his testimony, 491.

Bones: of the head, 30;

intermaxillary, 31;

of spine, 178, 198, 213;

in Deirodon, 67;

of tail, 183;

of ‘claw’, 220 (see jaw, vertebrÆ, tails, etc.).

Bonnat, 228, 383.

Borneo, CrotalidÆ in, 386.

Boston, U.S., sea-ser. off, 251.

Buffon, 197;

his era, 383.

Bourbon, Isle of, py. incubating in, 444.

Bournemouth, lizards at, 164;

a capture, 458.

Bourrelets, of the rattle, 304.

Bowerbank, a two-headed s., 190.

Braden, J. G., Esq.: specimens of rattle, 306.

Brazil, tree s. in, 219;

‘Discourse’ of, 271;

names of CrotalidÆ, 277;

specimens from, 339, 360;

Jararaca in, 396;

‘Travels’ in, 397;

experiments in, 406;

vernaculars of, 419, 423, et seq.

Breathing: irregular, 142, et seq.;

sometimes partial, 144;

suspension of, 145, 161, 168, 253;

as ‘puffing’, 149, 155 (see hibernation, respiration).

Bridgewater Treatise, 120.

British Ass., 42.

British Guiana, Hist. of, 420.

British India (see GÜnther, Fayrer, Balfour, Nicholson, etc.).

British Museum, 19, 131, 291, 377, 405, 418;

Dr. GÜnther’s catalogue of ss. at, 354.

‘British Reptiles’ (Bell’s), 76, 140, 453 (see Bell).

Brittain, Mr., evidence of, 504.

Broderip, Dr. J., a naturalist, 113;

his works, ib.;

on the larynx, 135;

quoted by Gosse, 112;

observations by, 134, et seq.

Browne, Sir Thomas: ‘Vulgar Errours’, 171;

a two-headed s., 191;

the maternal refuge, 487.

Bruton, Dr. Lauder, 552.

Buckland, Frank: his visit to Chelsea, 13;

a ‘flannel sausage’, 36;

the Coronella, 83, 435;

a waggish s., 104;

a mistake of, 115;

sensitiveness of tail, 183;

a sea-s., 238;

a ribbon fish, 250;

sea-ser., 255, et seq., 264;

two-headed s., 189;

reserve fangs, 346;

s. eggs, 437;

anaconda, 455;

invited, 464;

obituary notice of ‘Cleo’, 515.

Bull -frog, 156.

Bullen, George, Esq., of Br. Museum, 19.

Bulletin, U.S., Zoological ‘Reports’, 291, 309, 388.

Burman coast, sea-ss. range, 238.

Burrowing ss., 46, 53, 188, 459, 468.

C

Caledonia, New, sea-ss. at, 238.

Cannibalism, 37, 182, 199, 401, 562;

sometimes unintentional, 38, 572;

common among the ElapidÆ, 567, 571.

CaÑons, ss. in, 162.

Cantor, Dr. Theodore, sea-ss. drinking, 82;

quotes Schlegel, 90;

tongue of sea-ss., 125;

sea-ss. asleep, 169;

on pelagic sers., 235;

their poison, 243;

their food, 245;

number of species, 246.

Cape, the, sea ser. at, 252, 259.

Capybara, the, 229.

Carbolic acid, kills ss., 544;

a remedy for the venom, ib.

Carinate scales, 319 (see ‘keel’).

‘Carolina, History of’ (see Lawson).

‘Carolina, Natural History of’ (see Catesby).

Carpenter, Dr., F.R.S., etc., links and transitions in nature, 44;

his opinion of Bacon, 99;

lungs of ss., 143;

hibernation, 165;

length of spine, 210;

insalivation of food, 352;

vegetable protectives, 539.

Carver, Jonathan, a ‘blowing’ s., 153;

large swarms of ss., 225;

the maternal refuge, 487.

Catesby, Mark: an egg robber, 63;

the ‘blowing v.’, 152;

‘Horn ss.’, 174, 189;

‘water vs.’, 226;

rattle-ss., 284;

‘hog-nosed’ ss., 410;

Indian remedies, 538.

Catlin, George, rattlesnake battues, 287;

an alarm, 391;

conjugal ss., 502;

Indian superstitions, 509.

Cats, their whiskers as feelers, 124;

tenacious of life, 559;

resist venom, ib.

Caudal, eloquence, 155, 179, 311, 587;

appendages, 170, et seq. 174 (see tail, rattle, etc.).

Caverns, the retreat of ss., 287, 443.

Caves, sacred, 509;

abode of ss., 124, 162, 166, 288.

Centipedes, legs of, 212.

‘Ceylon, History of’ (see Tennant).

Chalk epoch, 262.

‘Challenger’, voyage of the, 262.

Chambers: ‘Anecdotes of Serpents’, 216, 523;

editor of the ‘Journal’, 23;

observations at the Z.G., 217;

the ‘Miscellany’, 523.

Chancery, ss. in, 13, 515.

Chandernagor, travels in, 444.

Charas, Moyse: his work, 273;

he ‘grovels’ for fangs, 359, 372;

experiments on vs., 371;

a ‘nursery’ of fangs, ib.;

knew of the mobility of fangs, 372.

Charming, Sir H. Sloane on, 281;

its origin, 515, et seq., 578, 585 (see fascination).

Charms, 281;

in s. relics, etc., 509, et seq.

Chase, a, with a s., 214.

Chased by a s., 185.

Chateaubriand’s descriptions of ss., 153, 175, 197, 307;

the maternal asylum, 487.

Chelonia, 51.

Chelsea, tame ss. at, 13, 27, 515, 525.

Chicago, observations at, 496.

Chimaphila, 65.

Chinese mythologies, 509.

Chittagong, rare beast from, 261.

ChordÆ vocales, 147.

Circulation of blood, 56;

checked by cold, 161;

renewed by warmth, ib.;

moisture essential to it, 162 (see hibernation, respiration, etc.).

‘City of Baltimore’, the, sea sers. seen from, 249.

Clarke’s translation of Der Hoeven’s ‘Handbook of Zoology’, 118.

Classification, 50;

at present defective, 51;

five principal groups of ss., 53;

by dentition unsatisfactory, 354, et seq.;

difficulties occurring in, 413, 421;

Krefft on, 423 (see nomenclature).

Clayton, Mr. J., the ‘tayle’ of rattlesnakes, 280.

Climbing, 180, et seq., 196, 214, et seq., 230;

of sea-ss., 238;

of Anguis fragilis, 475, 482.

Cockburn versus Mann, 13.

Coiling, the, 48;

in constriction, 29, 203;

of tail, 182, 587;

in convolutions, 185;

for a spring, 198;

to substitute hands, 199, et seq., 206;

swiftness of, 200;

flexibility of, 218;

of the sea-ser., 257;

of Heterodon, 409, 570;

in repose, 447, 587;

of ‘Lizzie’, 472, 478;

of Natrix, 569;

of the Lacertines, 571 (see constriction);

before striking, 573.

Cold; ss. affected by, 143, 159, 165, 584, et seq.

Cold-blooded, 56;

why so, 142, 146, 159 (see hibernation, etc.).

Colours of ss., 10;

under excitement, 153, 572;

of tree ss., 219, 386;

of rattlesnakes, 270, 285;

of African vs., 321, 338, et seq.;

of ‘Bushmaster’, 417, et seq., 426;

variable in young ss., 424;

in other ss., ib.;

after moulting, 508 (see sloughing).

Combats between ss., 37, 199, 563.

Congress (U.S.), Government Commissions, 199, 376.

Constriction, 29, 199, 203, 214, 245;

of young boas, 216, 439, 446;

sometimes feeble, 583.

Constrictors, 14, 35, 38, 135, 141, 182, 198, et seq., 213, et seq., 258, 336, 438, 446, 454, 583.

Convention, a, of ss., 104;

U.S. on ss., 485, 505, 552, 572.

Cooke, M. C., ‘Our Reptiles’, 491;

editor ‘Science Gossip’, ib.;

a herpetologist, ib.

Cooper, W. R., ‘Serpent Myths’, 514.

Cope, Professor, of U.S., 386.

Cotton, Dr., of Tennessee, his rattlesnake, 298.

Coues, Dr. Elliott, of U.S., a combat, 199;

sound of the rattle, 309;

development of rattle, 312;

action of fangs, 362;

cro. fang, 376, et seq.;

species of cro., 386;

virulence of bite, 390;

pigs not exempt, 394.

Council of Z. Soc., 78, 322.

Cows sucked by ss., 84, 478.

Coypu, 229.

Cragin, Mr. F. W., on Heterodon, 450.

Cranberry swamps, the Massasauga, 393.

Crepitaculum caude, the, 294.

Crispe, Dr. Edwards, F.Z.S., on the oesophagus, 490;

the maternal refuge, ib.

Crocodilia, the, 51, 261.

Crotalina, 292.

Crotalum, 292.

Crotchets mobiles, 353, 362.

Cruden, s. poison, 102.

Cruelty, 17, 169, 206, 321, 469.

‘Curiosities of Natural History’ (see Buckland).

Cuvier; his classification, 46;

his ‘boa’, 47;

he distinguished fangs, ib.;

his era, 90, 383;

quoted by Darwin, 176;

his ‘vs.’, 353;

incubation, 434, 456.

‘CyclopÆdia of Anatomy’, 118

‘CyclopÆdia of India’, 86.

‘CyclopÆdia, the Penny’, 113, 120.

D

Dahomey,

ser. deities at, 514;

natives fearless of vs., 523.

Dalton, the ‘Bushmaster’, 420.

Danish vernaculars, 479.

Darwin; complex organisms, 44;

cro. mutus, 176;

a living fossil, 244;

the Platypus, 263;

survival of the fittest, 267;

on the rattle, 311;

atrophied limbs, 326, 452.

Daudin, 353, 383, 488.

Davidson, Mr. (R. N.), a sea-ser., 251.

Davis’ Lectures at the Z. G., 24, 51, 214, 413 (see Flower, Huxley, Mivart).

Dean, Dr., a sea-ser. seen by, 249.

‘Deccan Days’, 517 (see Frere, Miss).

Deer kill rattlesnakes, 394.

Deglutition; manner of, 30, 111, et seq., 132;

facilitated by saliva, 35, 109, 113;

in drinking, 92, et seq.;

Schlegel on, 362;

watched at the Z. G., 581, et seq.

De Kay; ‘Zoology of N.Y.’, 85.

Demerara, ‘Bushmaster’ there, 423.

Dentition, 34;

of Deirodon, 67, et seq.;

of sea-ss., 241;

of sea-ser., 266;

various forms of, 342, et seq.;

distinguishing names in, 347;

illus. of, 349, 355, 356, 360;

not used in classification, 353;

Cuvier’s distinctions, 353;

GÜnther on, 354;

dentition of Zamenis, 137;

of Xenodons, 400, 404, 408;

of Liophis, 408 (see fangs).

Der Hoeven, on the tongue, 118;

on gestation, 435.

Dermis, see epidermis, sloughing, etc.

Desquamation, 329 (see sloughing).

Development; of poison glands, 535;

of fangs, 356 (see fangs, etc.).

Digestion;

power of, 36, 69, 352;

assisted by salivary secretions, 352, 557.

Dinornis, 43.

Dinotherium, 43.

‘Discourse of Brazil’, 271.

Disgorging, 38;

to facilitate escape, 36, 39, 61;

compulsory, 36, 38;

from terror, 61.

Dissection;

of a rattlesnake, 275, et seq.;

of Xenodon, 405.

Dog-teeth, 347, 369, 370 (see fang).

Doubleday, H., Esq., important evidence, 491.

Drachen, 48.

Dracon, ib.

Dracunculi, 196.

Dragon, 48, 101.

Drevar, George, a sea-ser. seen by, 257.

Drink, Do ss.? 76, et seq.

Drinking; 76, et seq.;

frequently, 79, et seq., 83;

die without, 89;

milk, 76, 85, 88, et seq.;

lured by milk, 76, 87;

two methods of, 80;

by suction, ib., 92;

by lapping, 89, 93 (see milk).

Drosera, 458.

Drummond, Lieutenant (R.N.), sea-ser. seen by, 260.

‘Dublin University Magazine’, 21, 312, 333.

Du Chaillu: ‘whistling’ ss., 154;

his Wild Life, 186.

Dudley, Paul: on the cro., 281;

a long rattle, 302.

DumÉril: much quoted, 3;

Professor d’ErpÉtologie, 78;

py. drinking, 80;

on Schlegel, 90;

the tongue, 122, et seq.;

glottis, 136, 157, 222;

la languette, ib., 138;

hissing, ‘soufflement’, 147, et seq., 157;

quotes LinnÆus, 161;

absorption of heat, 164;

physical feats of ss., 181;

anaconda, 228;

its spots, 338;

the rattle, 303;

cro. does not hiss, 313;

system of dentition, 347;

species of vs., 374;

les fossettes, 384;

tail of Lachesis, 387;

species of cro., 388;

the Jararaca, 427;

Python bivitatus, 444, et seq.

Duncan, Professor Martin, 376, et seq.

E

Echidnine, 534.

Edentata, 413.

Edentulous, 67, 414.

Effeldt, Rudolph; observations of the tongue, 124.

Egg: producers, ‘insects’, 43;

covering, 432, 433, 435, et seq. (see incubation, oviparous, ovoviviparous, etc.).

Eggs of ss., 78, 431;

produced by pys., 437, 442, et seq., 446, 449;

by boas, 449, et seq.;

by anaconda, 456;

by anguis fragilis, 462, et seq.;

by other ss., 431, 433, 435, 437, 440, et seq.

Eggs; of birds food of ss., 59, 63, 66, 430;

swallowed whole, 60, et seq.;

sometimes disgorged, 62, 69;

passed entire, 61, 69;

‘sucked’, 70;

food of lizards, 71, 591.

‘Egypt, History of’, 96;

sculptures of, 508;

jugglers in, 523;

ser. deities in, 172, 511;

myths of, 514;

charmers, 515, 523;

antidotes in, 525.

Electric fluid, 161.

‘Elementary Lessons in Physiology’, 121, 303 (see Huxley).

‘Elsie Venner’, 301.

Elwes, Mr. A. T., artist, 25, 516;

a witness, 185.

Emblems, 101, et seq., 172, 272, 509, et seq., 518.

Embryo, 435, 448, 451, 462, 466.

Emmons’ ‘Nat. Hist. of N.Y.’, 85.

Emotions;

feeble, 56, 159, 161;

expressed by the tail, 177, 179, et seq., 183;

by the ribs, 150, 328.

EncyclopÆdias, as books of reference, 90;

perplexing, ib., 418;

errors in, 362, 418.

‘EncyclopÆdia of Anatomy;’ the tongue, 118;

incubation, 434.

‘EncyclopÆdia Metropolitana;’ the ‘Bushmaster’, 420.

Endurance, powers of, 124, 166, 168, 321, 457, 489.

Epidermis; expansile, 30;

scales of, 46, 193, 316;

illustrated, 316;

magnified, 317;

head-shields, 318;

carinated, 319;

‘horns’, 320, 323;

developments of, 325, et seq.;

casting or sloughing, 329, et seq.;

the process watched, 333, 481;

health affected by, 329, 337;

patterns of skin, 338, et seq., 517;

illustrated, 339, 340.

Epiglottis, 132 (see glottis).

Erie, Lake, U.S., swarms of water ss., 226;

and of rattlesnakes, 289.

‘ErpÉtologie GÉnÉrale’ (Suites de Buffon), 80, 122, 136, 147, 157, 161, 164, 181, 223, 305, 313, 384, et seq., 427, 444 (see DumÉril).

‘Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpents’, 35, 77, 182;

translation of, 3, 209, 356, 363 (see Schlegel).

Essequibo, rambles in, 419.

Estivation, 162.

Evolution, 70, 132, 314, 327;

in fangs, 342, 350, 364.

Ewart, Dr., his experiments, 552.

Expansion: of the throat, 31;

of jaws, ib.;

of the skin, 30;

of the ribs, 150, 328.

‘Expedition to the Zambesi’, 230.

Expedition; U.S. Explorations, 162, 291, 376.

Experiments; on vs., 273, 281, 321;

on the fangs, 369, et seq., 377, et seq.;

in s. venom, 534, 535, et seq.;

in antidotes, 537, et seq.

Explorations, U.S., 162, 291, 309.

Eye of ss., 285, 328, et seq., 337, 350;

watching, 581, et seq.;

easily injured, 586.

Eye covering, 328, et seq.

F

Fabulous; animals, 101;

tongues, 102, 103;

ideas of reptiles, 511.

‘Fairie Queen’, the, 486.

Fangs; Cuvier’s distinction, 47, 353;

of sea-ss., 241, 266;

early experiments with, 274, 281;

mobility of early, described, 278, 283, 369, et seq.;

a means of defence, 311, 516;

functional pair, 345, 364, et seq.;

construction of, 356;

the ‘slit’, involution, 356, 358, 372;

illus. of, 356;

diversities of, 357;

succession of, 346, 350, 363, 372, et seq.;

action of, 370;

specially described, 377, et seq.;

a hypodermic syringe, 364, 379;

control of, 375;

fixed and moveable, 362;

reserve or supplementary, 366;

shedding of, ib., 376;

exquisite finish, 358;

illus., 349, 355, 356, 360;

fangs of young vs., 360, 361;

of young cos., 361;

of Xenodons, 403, 408;

of Heterodon d’Orbignyi, 409;

of Bucephalus, 407;

of Ring Hals, 582.

Fascination, Sir Hans Sloane on, 281;

investigated, 527, et seq.;

conclusions, 531.

Fat; abundant in ss., 165;

absorbed during hibernation, ib.;

an article of commerce, 286;

a remedy, 522, 541;

protective to pigs, 394.

Fatalists in India, 22, 511, 513, 540, 555.

Fayrer, his Thanatophidia, 5, 19;

ss. eat eggs, 62, 63;

swallow them whole, ib.;

drink milk, 87;

Echis carinata, 150;

prehensile tails, 177;

sea-ss., 236;

Enhydrina, 238;

illus. of scales, 240;

bite of sea-ss., 241, et seq.;

sloughing of co., 332;

illus. of dentition, 349, 355, 356;

fangs of young cos., 361;

renewal of fangs, 364;

in vipers, 365;

vibratile fangs, 375;

the CrotalidÆ, 386;

‘Bushmaster’, 422;

vernaculars of India, 425;

cos. incubating, 442;

maternal affection, 503;

HindÛ superstitions, 512;

what an antidote is, 533;

virulence of Echis venom, 537;

of co. venom, 554, et seq.;

effect of strychnine, 543;

carbolic acid and creosote, 544;

how to deal with the bites, 545, et seq.;

gift of cos. to the Z. Soc., 563.

Fear; a strong feature in ss., 387, 412, 471, 517, 565, 574, 578, et seq.;

paralyzing effect of, 529;

causes a bitten victim to succumb, 536, 544, 558.

Feeding; mode of, 28, et seq., 133, 199, et seq., 528 (see Friday, notes from the Z.G.).

Feeling; expressed by tail, 155, 158 (see tail);

by the tongue, 126 (see tongue);

by sound, 526;

vibration, ib.

Feigning death, 411, 412.

Ferguson, ‘Tree and Serpent Worship’, 513.

Fernandez, ‘Animalium Mexicanum’, 190, 279, 590.

Festivals to snake deities, 63, 74, 511.

Fetish customs and superstitions, 514.

Fiction; ss. of, 41, 50, 101;

tongues of, 94, 97, 102.

Fish; lizard, 44;

experiments with, 243;

ribbon, 250;

supposed sea-sers., 251, 255, et seq.;

living at great depths, 262;

carrying their eggs, 489.

Fissure, the gular, 328.

Fistulous teeth, 280.

Fitzinger, 383.

Flappers, 255, et seq., 267.

Flattening; of head, 410;

of body, 215, 216, 217, 411.

Floods, ss. carried down by, 230, 231, et seq.

Florence; Redi on vs., 273;

experiments at, ib., 275;

Fontana at, 368, 370, 372;

‘knowing physicians’ at, 273, 556;

the ‘Florentine philosopher’, Redi, 555.

Flower, Prof., on Armadillos, 413.

Follicles, secreting, 384.

Fontana, Felix, structure of fangs, 368;

prior observations, 370;

earlier experiments, 274.

Food; often declined, 62, 83, 460, 566, 567;

sometimes disgorged (see disgorged, feeding, constriction, Z.G., etc.).

Forbes, Alexander K., co. guardians, 511.

Forbes, F. E., ‘The Dahomeans’, Fetish deities, 514;

natives fearless of vipers, 523.

Forms; sectional, of ss., 215;

of scales, 337 (see epidermis, scales, etc.).

Forsyth, Mr. D. M., saw a ‘monster’, 255.

Fosse; the gular, 328;

nasal, 385, et seq. (pit.).

Fossil forms, 42, 44;

anomalous, 263;

living ones, 244.

Fraxinius Americanus kills rattlesnakes, 541.

French, early naturalists, 4, 273, 383.

Frere, Miss, ‘Old Deccan Days’, 513, 517.

Fresh -water ss., 55, 224, et seq.

Friar, a, of Brazil, 271 (see Purchas).

Friar, a, of Portugal, 271.

Friday, feeding-day at the Z.G., 38, 94, 138, 585, et seq. (see Z.G.).

Frogs; food of ss., 28, et seq.;

gigantic, at sea, 256;

sometimes reappear, 489;

de profundis, 504.

Functions retarded, 431, 434, et seq., 497.

G

Galileo, 480.

Gall a remedy for bites, 284.

Gambia, Lepidosiren of, 244.

Ganges, sea-ss. climbing, 239.

Gape of ss. wide, 31, 378.

Gardens, Zoological, of London, 10, 16, etc. (see Z.G.).

Garnett, Richard, Esq., of the Br. M., 25.

Gastric juice, 489.

Gatty, Mrs. Alfred, 21.

Gautier, Prof., his experiments, 556.

‘Generall Historie of Virginia’ (John Smith, 1632), Indian beliefs, 272.

‘Geographical Distribution of Animals’, A. R. Wallace, 382.

Geophagus, the, 489.

Gesner, his ‘Historia Animalium’, 102, 272.

Gestation; period of uncertain, 431, 434, 457, et seq.;

depends on temperature, 458, 466.

Gigantic; worms, 45;

gooseberry, 254;

developments, 251, 261, 266.

Gilmore, Parker, water vs., 227;

‘puff adders’, 501.

Gill, Prof., on the maternal refuge, 489.

Gills retained through life, 44, 244.

Glands, salivary, 35, 109, et seq., 113, 350, 352, 536, 556, 560;

of the Heloderm, 590.

Glottis; position of, 133, 136;

sheath of, 137;

of water ss., 223;

how far extended, 140.

Glyphodon, 347.

Goode, Prof. Browne, on the maternal refuge, 485, et seq., 498, 572.

Gosse, Philip H., 5, 9;

in Jamaica, 63, 187;

how ss. drink, 90;

quotes M’Leod, 112;

the tongue, 120;

ss.’ power of springing, 186;

on the sea-ser., 248;

the ‘Bushmaster’, 419;

Chilobothrus, 449, et seq.;

vegetable antidotes, 525.

Gossip, 94, 105, 321, 480, 585.

Gradations; in teeth, 342, 348;

in fangs, 350, 360;

in length of jaw, ib.;

in glands, ib.;

in venomous secretions, 408.

Grasshopper, a ‘reptile’, 43.

Gray, Dr. E., 5;

quotes Schlegel, 90;

on the tongue, 118;

species of cro.[, 291;

ed. of ‘Zoological Miscellany’, 385;

his work, 383, 427;

Jararaca, ib.

Gray, Captain David, on the sea-ser., 255, 264.

Green, Joseph H., muscles of the larynx, 141.

Green, Mr., collector at Bournemouth, 461.

Greenland, sea-ser. off, 251.

Grooved; scales, 320;

teeth, 225, 347, 356, et seq.;

of Heloderm, 590;

fangs, 348, 361.

Grosvenor Gallery, 117.

Ground -snakes, 53, 54, 187, et seq., 458, 479.

Grovelling for fangs, 359, 372, 378.

Gular; teeth, 67, et seq.;

illus. of, 68;

fissure, 328.

Gullet; of Deirodon, 67, et seq.;

position of, 133, 415.

Gunpowder used for bites, 543, 544, 546.

GÜnther, Dr. Albert, F.R.S., etc., of the Br. M., 5, 24;

deglutition, 30;

Br. M. collection of snakes, 50;

his five groups, 53;

ss. require water, 89;

Schlegel an authority, 90;

abundant saliva, 109;

on the tongue, 118;

vibrating tails, 177;

burrowing forms, 188;

a mistake of Schlegel, 209;

fresh-water ss., 222, 224;

sea-ss., 235, 237, 240;

a semi-pelagic s., 243;

the epidermis, 315;

names of head-shields, 316;

illus. ib., 318;

a friend in need, 322;

on dentition, 354;

the Xenodon, 400;

a poser, 405;

on the venom, 536.

Gurney, Mr. T. H., 491;

the maternal refuge, 492.

H

Hakluyt’s voyages, 99, 271, 276.

Halford, Prof.: a vain search, 405;

disclaims an ‘antidote’, 533;

his experiments, 547;

explanations, ib.;

‘On the Condition of Blood from Snake-bite’, 548;

approves of stimulants, 547, 550.

Halifax, sea ser. off, 251.

Hall, Captain, dissection of rattlesnake, 370.

Hardwicke’s ‘Science Gossip’, ed. of, 491;

evidence, 492.

Harrison, Captain, R.N., describes a marine animal, 251.

Harting, J. E., F.Z.S., etc., 411.

Hartwig, Geo., ‘Tropical World’, 418.

Haynes, Lieutenant, R.N., describes a gigantic anomaly, 255.

Hayward, S., Esq., viper-swallowing evidence, 493.

Hayward’s Heath; hibernating ss. found, 166.

Head; expansile, 30;

double, 189, et seq.;

shields of, 315, et seq.;

illus., 316-18;

forms, 318, 319;

generic characters of, 319, 383, et seq., 427;

appendages of, 320 (see horns, etc.).

Hebrides, sea-ser. off, 251.

Hellmann, 5;

on the tongue, 120.

Heloderm, the, 590, et seq.

Hernandez, 271;

double-headed s., 190 (see Fernandez), 279, 591.

Herpetology, confusion in, 45;

derivation of, 47.

Hibernation; character of, 159;

convenience of, 160;

analogy in vegetation, 161;

renewal of vitality after, 162;

when partial, 163;

when fatal, 165;

fat absorbed during, 165;

in communities, 166;

seasons of, 168;

of sea-ss., 169;

of slow-worms, 461, 468.

HindÛ; superstitions, 22, 425, 509, 511, et seq., 517, 555;

eggs sacred offerings of, 74, 86;

vernaculars, 425;

transliteration, 429.

Hissing, 148;

prolonged, 149;

exceptions in, 150, 313;

variations in, 147, 153, et seq., 158.

‘Histoire Naturelles’ (Daudin), 488.

‘HistoriÆ Rerum’, etc. (Marcgravius), 397.

‘History of British Guiana’ (Dalton), 420.

‘History of Egypt’ (F. Holt Yates), 96.

‘History of Selborne’, 490.

‘History of Virginia’ (Col. Beverley, 1722), 174, 281.

Holbrooke, Dr. J. E., of the U.S.A., ss. like milk, 86;

on the Bull s., 155;

‘thorn tail s.’, 175;

battues of rattlesnakes, 289;

length of the rattle, 301;

on Heterodon, 412.

Holland, Mr., keeper at the Reptilium; ss. drink often, 91;

ss. don’t ‘lick’, 110;

ss. sloughing, 334;

bitten, 438;

in danger, 448 (see Z.G.).

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, ‘Elsie Venner’, a tradition, 301.

Holodontes, 347.

Home, Sir Everard; action of ribs, 207;

the scutÆ, 213, 217.

Hood, the, of co., 31, 327, 517.

Horns; of vs., 315;

sloughed, 320;

peculiar action of, 323 (see epidermis).

‘Horrid’, 592;

original signification of, ib.

Howe, ‘History of Ohio’, 191;

battues of ss., 289.

H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 22;

co. performances in India, 87.

Humboldt, antitoxic plants, 539.

Hunter, St. Jno. Dunn, rattlesnake testimony, 488.

Hutchinson, Mr. H. F., progression of ss., 216.

Huxley, Prof., F.R.S., etc., prehistoric man, 42;

smell and taste, 121;

locomotion of ss., 196;

a beautiful bit of anatomy, 211;

growth of nails, 303;

on evolution, 327;

‘eyelids’ of ss., 329;

teeth, 342;

perfection of fang, 364;

a hypodermic syringe, ib.

Hybrids born at the Gardens, 425, 440.

Hypodermic syringe, 364, et seq.

I

Ichthyic, 244.

Ichthyosauria, 44.

Illustrations; often misleading, 12, 102, 116, 190, 229, 324.

Illustrators, responsibility of, 12, 25, etc.

Imbricated scales, 317, et seq.

Immunity from venom, 523, 524, 538, et seq., 559.

Inadvertent intruder, an, 309.

‘Inchantments’, 281.

Incubation of py., 79, 442, et seq., 434;

early known, 441, 443;

mentioned by Aristotle, 441;

of Jamaica boa, 449, et seq.

India; Prince of Wales in, 22, 87;

superstitions of, 22, 511, et seq., 517, 555.

Indian Ocean; range of sea-ss., 236;

sea-ser. seen in, 256.

‘Indian snakes’ (see Nicholson).

Indian vernaculars, 425.

Indians, N. Am., their traditions, 272, 294, 486, 509;

quick of hearing, 527;

good physicians, 282;

prompt in danger, 391, 544.

Ingenious chirurgeons, 268, 272;

taking the lead in science, 273, 274.

Insalivation of food, 352 (see glands).

‘Insects’, what they were, 43.

Insensibility produced by venom, 577, 590.

Institution, London, Lectures at (see Huxley, Ruskin).

Integument; expansion of, 30;

modifications in, 315, 320, et seq.;

hood of co., 327;

sloughing, 329;

patterns and colouring, 338, et seq. (see epidermis).

Intermaxillary, 31.

Intoxication counteracted by venom, 548, et seq.

Iowa, the first rattle, 295;

the whiskey cure, 549.

Ipecacuanha, an approved medicine, 537.

Irritability; of rattlesnakes, 312;

of young ss., 437, 438;

of young slow-worms, 463.

Isodon, 347.

Isodontiens, 347.

Italian, a noble, 278 (see Redi).

J

‘J. J. A.’, shoals of sea ss., 238.

Jamaica, blind worms in, 187 (see Gosse).

Japan, Indian CrotalidÆ, 386.

Jardin des Plantes, Paris, 165.

Java, Indian CrotalidÆ, 386.

Java Naja, a double-headed s., 190.

Jaws, the; six, 32;

sometimes seven, ib.;

action of, 34;

how articulated, 30, et seq.;

widely extensible, 37, 139, 141, 409, 569;

adjustment of, 59, 72, 139;

independent action of, 32, 343;

all furnished with teeth, ib.;

illus. of, 349, 355.

Jesse, 77;

important evidence, 491.

Johnson ‘wrot on Brazile’, 277.

Jones, Rymer, bulk of ss.’ tongue, 118;

sense of touch, 195, et seq., 198;

pliancy of the spine, 196, 212;

on the rattle, 307;

an inadvertence, 308;

ss.’ eyelids, 329;

incubation, 434, 449.

Jourdan, 414.

‘Joynts’; of the rattle, 280;

of the jaw, 370.

‘Juyce of the bag’, 556 (see salivary, etc.).

K

Kamptee, snakes at home, 501.

Kansas, observations in, 498.

Keel -shaped scales, 319;

developed in the Tropidonoti, 320;

derivation, 223, 320;

elaborated in viperine, 317, 320, 374, 421, 426;

illus. of, 176, 193, 317.

Keeper at the Z.G. in danger, 39, 589 (see Holland, Tyrrell, Z.G.).

Kentucky, rattle from, 296.

Killing prey, three ways of, 29 (see Z.G.).

Kingdom, animal, 51;

links in, 44, 413.

Kingsley, the Cascobel, 397;

charm of a discovery, 404.

Kingston, a ‘fearful beauty’, 418.

Kirtland, Jared, of Ohio, on increase of ss., 57;

describes the Massasauga, 292, 393;

cro. named from him, ib.

Klein, 353.

Kniuet, Master Anthony, on Brazil, 271.

‘Knowing Physicians’, experiments, 273, 556.

Krefft, Gerard: ‘drumming’ ss., 154;

hibernating, 162;

s. hunting, 167;

death adder, 172;

climbing ss., 219;

the HomalopsidÆ, 224;

sea-ss., 235;

their length, 237, 246;

on classification, 416, 423.

Krishna, HindÛ god, 518.

L

LacÉpÈde, 383;

le rativoro, 228;

la rude, 414.

Lacerda, experiments, 416, 557.

Lacerta agilis, 458.

Laidley worm, the, 117.

Lamarrepiquot, M., incubation, 444.

Landells, J. H., sea ser. seen by, 257.

Lapping, 80, 82, 92, 122;

of lizards, 71, 591;

of anguis fragilis, 89.

‘Larkes’, how caught, 50.

Larynx, the, 132, 133, 135, 222.

‘Last Rambles among the Indians’ (Catlin), 289.

Latreille, 161, 383.

Laurenti, 383.

Lawson, 4;

his ‘insects’, 43, 282;

his ‘reptiles’, 43;

an egg merchant, 63, 182;

milk-drinkers, 86;

‘blowing’ vs., 152;

‘thorn tail’ or ‘horn’ s., 172, 173;

dedication of his work, 173;

water-ss., 226;

the poison teeth, 370.

Leaping, 183, 198.

Leathes, Col., a sea-ser., 252.

‘Leaves from the Notebook of a Naturalist’ (W. J. Broderip), 140;

boa feeding, 113.

Lectures, the ‘Davis’, 24, 51, 214, 413;

Lond. Inst., 41, 195, 196, 211, 327, 329, 342, 364;

St. George’s Hall, 50, 266.

Lee, H., Esq., on the sea ser., 262, et seq.

‘Leisure Hour’, the, on snakes, 115, et seq.;

illus., 116.

Lenz, H. O., 5, 25;

s. drinking, 81, 83, 120, et seq.;

on the tongue, 123, et seq.

Lepidosiren, the, 44, 263;

ichthyic characters of, 244.

‘Letters from Alabama’ (P. H. Gosse), 9.

Lewarn, W., sea-ser. seen by, 257.

Licking, 83, 110, et seq., 117.

‘Life among the Indians’ (see Catlin), 391.

‘Life in the South’ (Catherine C. Hopley), 6, 64, 156.

‘Lightning’, H.M.S., voyages of, 262.

Lilford, Lord, an ophiophilist, 20, 567.

Lincolnshire, ‘larkes’ in, 50.

LinnÆus, his systems, 46;

his ‘colubers’, 47;

out of date, 90;

temperature of ss., 161;

his successors, 382;

dumb rattlesnake, 387;

Coluber scaber, 414;

slow-worms, 452.

Liverpool, statements at, 256.

Livingstone, egg-eating ss., 66;

ss. come to drink, 82;

a bleating s., 154;

ss. on board, 230.

Lizards, 71, 453, 458;

Zootica sheltering her young, 491;

the Heloderm, 589.

‘Lizzie’, very thirsty, 89, 481;

her achievements, 459, 471, et seq.;

her wrong names, 471, et seq.;

illus., 472;

in a knot, 478;

two libels, 480;

climbing, 482.

Loades, Mr. Henry (1682), his gift to the R. Soc., 275.

Lockwood, Mr., of U.S., pine s. drinking, 93;

mystic coils, 151;

‘blowing’ s., 155.

‘Lolo’, a tame snake, 516.

Loomis, Rev. Chauncey, Convention on Snakes, 489.

Lord, John Keast, 216;

Egyptian jugglers, 523.

Lovering, Prof. Jno., President of the Am. Ass., 485.

Lubbock, Sir Jno., gift of a Heloderm to Z. Soc., 589.

Lubrication, 35, 92, 108, et seq.

Lubricity, 49, et seq.

Lycodon, 347.

M

MaÇeio, a cannibal s. at, 39.

Mackeney on the Am. Indians, 509.

M’Leod, his book, 111;

boa feeding, ib., et seq.

M’QuhÆ, Capt. of H.M.S. DÆdalus, official report of a sea-ser., 259.

Madagascar, range of sea-ss., 236.

Madras, experiments of Dr. Shortt, 390, 550, 552.

Maine, U.S.A., Am. Ass. held at Portland (see Convention on Snakes).

Malacca, marine salamander off, 251.

Malay, Indian CrotalidÆ, 386;

antitoxic plants, 539.

Mammals, necks of, 211.

Mann, Mr., pet snakes, 13, 92, 515, 525.

Marcgravius, 272, 276, 397.

Marine fauna, 233 (see sea-ss., sea-ser.).

‘Master teeth’, 273, 370, 556.

Maternal; instincts, 290, 431, et seq., 442, 447, 464, 488, et seq.;

affection of ss. witnessed, 442, 448, 450, 491, et seq., 502, 504.

Maternal refuge, 483;

an old belief, 486;

physiologically possible, 489;

examination of evidence, 492;

speculations on, 505.

Maunder’s ‘Treasury of Natural History’, 111.

Maxillary bone (see jaws, dentition, etc.).

Maximus and Minimus, 452, et seq.

Mechanism, ‘curious’, 380 (see spine, fangs).

Medical College of London, 275.

‘Medical Times’, 87, 547.

Meham, member of Am. Con., 489.

‘Memoirs of Captivity among the Indians’, 488.

‘Menina’, tame boa, 516.

Merembergius on Brazil, 277.

Merrem, herpetologist, 383.

Mexican; vernaculars, 277, et seq., 423, 590;

rattle, 296;

illus. of, 306.

Mexico, Gulf of, shoals of ss., 231;

ancient temples in, 510;

Heloderm from, 590.

Michigan, Mr. Beal on the rattle, 309;

the Massasauga there, 393.

Milan, experiments at, 280.

Milk, drinkers of, 76, 86;

saved by, 87.

Mischief; by the tongue, 94, et seq.;

by the tail, 171, et seq., 187;

by stings, ib.;

of delay in a bite, 544, 545.

‘Mischiefs’, source of, 273, 280, 556.

Missionary Travels (Livingstone), 154, et seq.

Mississippi, the, 295, 549.

Mitchell, Dr. Weir, of U.S., 5;

his experiments, 291;

vibration of rattle, 312;

replacement of fangs, 364, 375;

capsules of, 378;

rapidity of stroke, 379;

number of species, 388;

expiration, 389;

virulence of bite, 390;

the headless trunk, 391.

Mivart, Prof., F.R.S., orders of reptiles, 51, 52;

on classification, 413.

Moisture; essential to ss., 162, 166, 224;

to the hatching of eggs, 434, 457.

Monsters, 249, 254, 267.

Monstrosities, 189, et seq., 254, 256, 517.

Moore, Mr., his testimony, 255.

Mouth of ss. (see jaws, teeth, etc.).

Movements, 151, 181, 195, 218, et seq. (see coiling, constriction, swimming).

Mucous secretions abundant, 36 (see lubrication, salivation).

MÜntras, HindÛ belief in, 512, 555.

MuridÆ, the, 229.

Mus coypus, 229.

Muscles: of the larynx, 141;

of the tail, 180, 182, 183, 587;

in the slow-worm, 472;

of the ribs, 212, 215;

irritability of, 183, 471.

Muscular powers of ss., 38, 181, 199, 202, 204.

MusÉe d’Histoire, 443, 444.

Museum, Br. (see Br. M.).

Museum;

of Paris, 78, 165;

Australian, 246;

of the R.C.S., 24, 408;

of Washington, 488.

Music, ss.’ love of, 525, et seq.

Myopotamus, the, 229.

Mythology, ancient serpent symbols, 508.

N

NÂg, NÂgo, NÂgowa, caste names of India, 513.

National Library, our, 444.

Natter, 479.

Natural History, development of, 272;

at Florence, 368;

in England, 3, 45, 49, 99, 261, 273, 363, 372, etc.

‘Natural History of New York’, 85.

‘Natural History of Carolina’ (see Catesby).

‘Natural History of Reptiles’ (Gosse), 90.

‘Naturalist in Jamaica’ (Gosse), 186.

‘Naturalist’s Notes from South Africa’, 70.

‘Naturalist on the Amazon’ (Bates), 421.

‘Naturall Historie of Serpentes’, 101.

Neck: vertebrÆ of, 211;

snakes have none, ib.

Neck -toothed ss., 67, et seq.

Netto, Dr., experiments with venom, 557.

Neuwied, 228.

Nevada, incident in, 549.

New Caledonia, sea ss., 231, 238.

‘New Experiments on Vipers’ (1673), 273, 371.

New Jersey, Lockwood on the pine s., 93.

New York State, battues of rattlesnakes, 289.

Newman, Ed., editor of ‘Zoologist’, 3, 492;

maternal affection of Zootica vivipara, 491.

Newspapers quoted: American, 231, 248, 486;

Country, the, 310, 504;

Dailies, the, 13, 417;

‘Echo’, 247;

‘Field’, the, 20, 61, 83, 164, 237, et seq., 439, 490, 493, 498, 504, 522, 530;

‘Illus. Lond. News’, 247;

‘Knowledge’, 592;

‘Land and Water’, 20, 231, 239, 249, et seq., 254, 261, 399, et seq., 405, 417, 422, et seq., 439, 455, 465, 516, 524, 526, 530;

Liverpool, 256;

‘London General Advertiser’ (1752), 285;

‘Medical Times’, 87, 547;

‘Modern Thought’, 18;

‘Nature’, 217, 249, 267, 329, 474, 536;

‘Times’, the, 232, 520;

Weeklies, 417.

Nicander, his two-headed s., 190.

Nicholson, Dr. Ed., of Madras: ‘Indian Snakes’, 5;

ss. drinking, 89;

sea-ss., 235;

replacement of teeth, 344, 375;

four stages of development in, 349;

on the maternal refuge, 504;

the Russell’s v., 537;

important statistics, 541;

efficacy of tobacco, 542;

self-inflicted bites, 559.

Nicols, Arthur, Esq., F.G.S. (‘Zoological Notes’), on the tongue, 125;

rattle, 310;

instance of maternal refuge, 504.

Nicotine fatal to ss., 542, et seq.

Nightingale, Mr. W., a cure by alcohol, 551.

Nocturnal, most ss. are, 2, 56, 386, 503.

Noise, not ‘music’, 526, et seq.

Nomenclature, perplexing, 10, 43, 277, 396, et seq.;

why so, 413, 419, 421, et seq., 423 (see classification, vernaculars).

Norfolk, important evidence from, 491.

‘North -American Herpetology’, 86, 175, 301 (see Holbrooke).

Norway, sea-sers. frequent, 251.

Nostrils, ss. breathe through, 139, 143;

opposite the glottis, ib.;

higher in water ss., 223;

vertical in anaconda, 228;

and in sea-ss., 234;

double in the CrotalidÆ (see ‘pit’).

‘Nova Animalium Mexicanum’, 590 (see Hernandez).

‘Novum Organum’ (Lord Bacon), 99.

Nubians use antitoxics, 525.

O

Obsolete teachings, 49, 99, 174, 191, 478, etc.

Ocquago, rattlesnake den, 289.

‘Odontography’, 32, 67, 408 (see Owen).

Œsophagus, 67;

gular teeth there, 69.

Ogmodon, grooved tooth, 347.

Ohio; Dr. Kirtland’s observations in, 57, 292, 393;

battues of s., 289;

evidence of the maternal refuge, 496.

Oil; abundant in ss., 165, 286;

of vs., a remedy for their bite, 522, 541.

Oldenlandia, 65.

Oligodon, few toothed, 347.

Ophidarium, the, 16, 61, 163.

Ophidia; divisions of, 46, 51, et seq.;

groups of, 53;

all carnivorous, 56;

and oviparous, ib.;

prejudices regarding, 3, 97, 103, 189, et seq.;

well supplied with teeth, 344;

sub-orders of, 354;

complications in classification, 413.

Ophidiana, s. gossip, 1, 26.

Ophidion, 49;

Ophiodes, ib.

Ophiology;

meaning of, 47;

advance of, 3, 47, 75.

Ophis, the seeing, 48.

Oppel, herpetologist, 383.

‘Organization of the Animal Kingdom’ (see Jones).

‘Origin of Species’, 263, 311 (see Darwin).

‘Osborne’, the (Royal yacht), marine animal seen from, 252, 254, 261.

Oviparous, 56, 431, 433, 497 (see gestation, incubation, etc.).

Ovoviviparous, 431, et seq., 505;

exceptional cases, 434, et seq., 449, 462, 505.

Owen, Professor, F.R.S., etc., 22;

on the jaws, 32;

the Deirodon, 66, et seq.;

the tongue, 119;

the glottis, 131;

lung of ss. 142, et seq.;

chordÆ vocales, 147;

prehensile tails, 180;

saltatory motion, 184;

exquisite organization of the spinal column, 196, 336;

ss. are acrobats, 198;

spine of py., 210;

ichthyic characters of the Lepidosiren, 244;

the sea-ser., 254;

the Bucephali, 408.

P

Paca, the, 229.

Pacific, sea-ss. in, 238.

PalÆontology, 42, 44.

Palate, armed with teeth, 30, 34, 343, 402;

illus., 355;

two jaws, 343.

Palmer, Dr. E., of the Smithsonian Institute, U.S., important evidence, 488.

Panama, sea-ss. at, 236, 238;

boa from, 438.

Paradox, the, 263.

Paraguay, ss. washed down from, 232;

observations in, 488.

Pauline (the barque): sea-ser. testimony, 251, 256, et seq.

Pearson (Commander of Royal yacht Osborne): report of a gigantic marine animal, 255.

Pelagic serpents, 82, 235, 240 (see Cantor).

Penny CyclopÆdia, 113.

Penny Magazine, 141.

Pepys quoted, 49.

Pernambuco, Xenodons from, 400.

Persia, ‘Travels in’ (Sir R. Ker Porter), 113.

Peru, ‘Travels in’, 419 (see Tschudi).

Phares, Dr. D. L., Science Convention on Snakes, 489.

Pharmacopoeia, the homoeopathic, 556.

Pharynx, 30, 132, 147.

PhenÉ, Sun and Serpent Worship, 514.

Philosophical Transactions: first tropical s., 117;

Dr. Tyson on the larynx, 135;

two-headed s., 190;

a porcupine swallowed, 192;

Sir E. Home on progression, 208;

stimulating influence, 273;

anatomy of a rattlesnake, 275;

Vipera Caudisona, 276, et seq.;

Sir Hans Sloane’s experiments, 281;

early observations, 295;

a venerable cro., 302;

sloughing of reptiles, 331;

mobility of fangs, 370;

reserve fangs, 371;

succession of fangs, 373;

how they become fixed, 363;

brooding of eggs, 443.

Philosophical Society, 117.

Physicians, ‘knowing’ ones at Florence, 273.

‘Physionomie des Serpents’ (see Schlegel).

‘Pilgrimage’, the, of Purchas, 276.

Pipe -fish, the, 489.

‘Pit’, the, of cro.: first observed by Tyson, 277;

its use still undetermined, 381;

a plague to classifiers, 382, et seq.;

‘secreting follicles’ of Owen, 384;

‘fossettes lacrymales’ of DumÉril, 385;

BothrophidÆ named from them, 383;

the CrotalidÆ of modern ophiologists, 385.

Pitfield (Captain O. A.): shoals of ss. seen by, 231.

Plate, River, ss. washed down, 232;

vernaculars of, 423.

Platt, Mr., a Florentine enthusiast, 273.

Platypus, the, 263.

Pliny, 84, 96, 168, 189, 196.

Poison, renewed, 351;

‘spouted’, ib.

Poisonous; tongue, 97, et seq.;

teeth (see fangs).

Pontoppidan: Bishop, sea-ser. history, 247, 251.

Poojah, 512, 513.

Porcupine; swallowed, 192;

H.M.S., 262.

Porter, Sir R. Ker, sensationalism, 112;

his travels, 113.

Portland, U.S., Convention on Snakes, 485, 506.

Portuguese: the, as colonists, 4, 354;

a friar of, on Brazil, 271;

name for snake, 354.

‘Prairie Farms’, 227 (see Gilmore).

Prehensile tails, 180, 202, 224;

of sea-ss., 233;

of anaconda and anguis fragilis, 472.

Prey, how caught, 27, 198, 203 (see Notes from the Z.G.);

bulk of, 29, 34, 409, 585;

shifted in the mouth, 29;

held by coils, 199, 410.

Prince of Wales in India, 87.

Pringle, Mr. E. H., sea-ss. on shore, 237;

a supposed sea-ser., 249.

Progression, 54, 213;

by the ribs, 208;

like swimming, 217, 430 (see movements, acrobats).

Psalms, the, 103.

Pseudo -fangs, 403, et seq.

Pseudoxia, or ‘Vulgar Errours’, 171, 191.

Psylli, the, 522.

Pterosauria, 44.

Puffing, 148, et seq.

Pulmonary bag, the, 142.

Purchas, 271, 369, 397, 428.

Putnam, F. W., of U.S., editor of the ‘American Naturalist’, 485;

secretary to the Am. Ass., 485;

on the maternal refuge, 486, et seq., 497.

Q

Queensland, species of ss. in, 540.

Questions yet undecided: the use of the rattle, 294;

the ‘pit’, doubles narines, or fosses lacrymales, 381;

‘sleeping’ of ss., 169;

origin of the maternal refuge, 505;

nature of gigantic marine animals, 267.

R

Raleigh, Sir W., 99.

‘Rambles and Scrambles’ (Sullivan), 419.

Rattells, Indian charms, 272.

Rattles, their use, 294, 307;

speculations regarding, 308, 311, et seq.;

their age, 296, et seq., 302;

form and colour, 296, 299, et seq.;

structure, 303, 305, et seq.;

DumÉril’s conclusions, 313.

Rattlesnake dens, 289, 301.

Redi: Osservazione intorno alle Vipere, 372;

knew of the mobility of fangs, ib.

RÈgne animal, Cuvier, 47.

‘Relations of the World’, by the Pilgrim Purchas, 270, 369.

Repose; after food, 40, 64;

of sea-ss., 235;

as quiescence, 421, 587;

periodical (see hibernation).

Reptiles; how divided, 51;

definition of the name, 206.

‘Reptiles of British India’, by Dr. A. GÜnther, F.R.S., of the Br. M. (see GÜnther).

‘Reptiles, Natural History of’ (see Gosse).

‘Rerum Naturalium Thesauri’ (Seba), 278.

‘Rervm Natvralivm BraziliÆ’ (Marcgravius), 397.

Respiration; sometimes partial, 144;

cessation of, 145;

weak, 146;

when feeding, 132, 141;

in sea-ss., 132 (see glottis, hibernation, etc.).

Ribbon fish, 249, 250.

Ribs; action of, 207;

number of, 213;

expansion of, 36, 39 (see emotions, feeding, etc.);

articulation of, 36, 212;

in progression, 207, 215.

‘Ricerche fisiche sopra il veleno della Vipere’ (by Felix Fontana, 1761), 368.

Richards, Dr. Vincent, experiments in artificial respiration, 552.

Rocky Mountains, caÑons haunts of ss., 162.

Roget, P. M., quotes Hellmann, 120;

perception of touch in ss., 195;

the spinal column, 210.

‘Romance of Natural History’ (Gosse), 248.

R.C.S., Museum of, 24, 68, 408, 415.

Royal Family, the, 20.

Royal herpetologists, ib.

Ruskin, Prof., lecture on ss., 41;

classical names of, 48;

movements, 195, 218.

Russell, Lord Arthur, a herpetologist, 20;

a friend of the Ophidia, ib.

Ruthven, S. S., Esq., of U.S., a large brood of ss., 497.

S

‘S.’ Captain, bitten by a sea-s., 241.

Saades and Samp Wallahs, the, 515, 522.

Salamanders, 164.

Saleratus an Am. remedy, 553.

Saliva, abundant, 35, 109, 112, 352.

Salivary apparatus: of ss. complicated, 35, 109, 350, et seq.;

an aid to digestion, 352.

Salivation of prey, 36, 110.

Saltatory actions of ss., 184, 186, 448.

Santos, pelamis bicolor there, 238.

Sao Gabrielle, observations by Wallace, 421.

Sauria, the, 51;

saurians, 71, 327, 331, 590.

Saurophidians, 44.

Scales; illus. of, 46, 176, 193, 234, 240, 316, et seq.;

ss. classified by, 46, 316;

size of, 337;

head shields, 316;

ventral, 176, 213 (see epidermis).

Sceva, Mr., 365 (see Fayrer).

‘Schlangen und Schlangen Feind’ (H. O. Lenz), 81.

Schlegel, Herman: his work, 3;

salivary glands, 35;

an authority, 90;

doubts snakes drinking, 77;

power of tail, 182;

vertebrÆ, 209;

fangs, 362;

involution of, 356;

action of, 363;

translation of his works, 3, 209.

Schliemann, Dr., vegetable antidotes, 524.

Schneck, Dr. J., of U.S., on Heterodon, 412.

Science Gossip, 490, et seq.

Science News, 411.

Sclater, P. Lutley, Esq., F.R.S., Sec. to the Z. Soc., Lond.: the carinate birds, 320;

a communication to, 404;

the brood of boas, 516.

Scorpione, the, 590.

ScutÆ, overlapping, 194 (see scales, epidermis).

Sea -ss., 233, et seq. (see Pelagic).

Sea -sers. hard to identify, 248, et seq.;

gigantic marine forms seen, 251;

most frequent in the North Atlantic, 252;

probable hibernation of, 253;

not necessarily ‘monsters’, 254;

official reports of, 255, et seq.;

Mr. Bartlett on, 261;

speculations, 264, et seq.;

existence still doubtful, 267.

Searle, Mr. E. W., on the brood of young boas, 439.

Seba, a crowing s., 154;

on the anaconda, 228, et seq.;

vernaculars of the rattlesnake, 278.

Seh, Fetish god, 514.

Sensations, complex, 121;

in ss. dull, 56, 161, et seq.

Septic, a, s. venom is, 552.

Serpent: of Cuvier, 47;

of mythology, 48, 102, 508;

‘sting’ of, 49;

Lord Bacon on, ib.;

the name defined, 206;

myths of, 514;

worship of, 2, 513, et seq.;

symbol, ib.

‘Serpentes’, of Topsell, 43, 101;

of Purchas, 369.

Serpentine movements, 195.

‘Serpentum Braziliensis’ (Wagler), 383, 427.

Shakspeare, his popularity, 97;

not a naturalist, ib.;

contemporary literature, 99;

quotations from, 100.

Shaler, Prof., U.S., on natural selection, 308.

Shell -breaker, ‘Sunkerchor’, 63.

Shields, 316 (see scales, epidermis).

Shortt, Dr., of Madras, gives milk to snakes, 87;

approves of alcoholic remedies, 550;

claims originality with liquor potassÆ, 552.

Silliman’s Journal of Science, 248.

Skeleton, of cobra, 31;

of jaws, 349.

Skin, shedding of (see integument, epidermis).

Sleeping after meals, 40;

with open eyes, 64, 169, 421.

Sloane, Sir Hans: ‘Inchantments’, etc., 281;

experiments, 370.

Sloughing of lizards, 331, 481 (see epidermis).

Smith, Dr. Andrew: egg-eaters, 66, et seq.;

his work, 230;

the Bucephali, 407, et seq.

Smith, a Mr., Coluber smithii, 416.

Smith, Captain John, the rattells, 272.

Smith, Prof. Lawrence, Pres. of the Am. Ass. (see Convention on Snakes), 485.

Smith, Sydney J., Esq., U.S., testimony, 438.

Smithsonian Contributions, 364.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 488.

‘Snakes of Australia’ (Krefft), 154, 172.

Snakes, Lectures on (see Huxley, Ruskin).

Snakes: a home for, 61, 592;

groups of, 53;

their place in nature, 56;

length of life, 56;

their uses, 57;

cruel packing of, 169;

powers of (see constriction, deglutition, dentition, fangs, glottis, hibernation, progression, respiration, teeth, etc.);

by name:

ABOMA, 454;

acanthophis, 172;

adder, 49, 172, 392, 410, 424, 471;

aglyphodontes, 347;

amphisboena, 44, 91, 174, 189, 190, 353;

anaconda, 112, 210, 228, 232, 441, 454, et seq.;

ancistrodon, 11, 495, 571, 572;

anguis 48, 54, 89, 93, 171, 183, 187, 279, 346, 353, 410, 452, et seq., 471;

anholodontes, 347;

anodon, 66, 343, 347, 414;

apistoglyphes, 347;

aproterodontes, 347;

asp, 268;

atropos, atrox, 374, 422;

avusamans, 230.

BLACK s., 6, 63, as ‘racer’, 180, 182, 199;

‘Blackie’, 458, et seq.;

blauser, 152, et seq.;

blindworm, 44 (see anguis);

boa, 35, 47, 111, 134, 157, 183, 220, 228, 353, 435, 584, et seq.;

boiginininga, boiguira, 277;

boicinininpeba, boycininga, 430;

boodon, 347;

boomslange, 407;

boschmeester, 420;

bothrops, 383, 385, 416, 422, 426, et seq.;

brachyura, 177, 374;

broad-scaled s.,423;

Bucephalus, 407;

bull s., 155, et seq.;

‘bull-killer’, 229;

bungarus, 349, 357, 501;

bushmaster, 176, 387, 422, et seq.

‘CALICO’ s., 410;

callophis, 537;

camoudi, 420, 429, 454;

Cape adder, 149;

capra capella, 190;

carpet s., 10, 424;

cascavel, 272, 277, 423;

cascobel, 397;

caudalis, 374;

caudisona, 275, 388;

cecilia, 353;

cenchris, 175, 176, 224, 226, 562, 577;

cerastes, 168, 315, 320, 324, 351, 389;

chicken s., 439;

chilobothrus, 63, 93, 186, 437, 440, et seq., 449, et seq.;

‘Cleo’, Cleopatra, 15, 515, 525;

clotho, 148, 374, 422;

clothonia, 85;

cobra, 13, 33, 60, 87, 181, 190, 268, 327, 349, 354, 363, 390, 401, 423, 442, 502, 511, 517, 537, 543, 560, 578;

coenicoussi, 420;

coluber, 27, 47, 48, 52, 63, 74, 85, 91, 139, 180, 208, 353, 414, 437, 442, 495, 500, 567;

colubri, 434, 449;

colubrines, 178, 316, 318;

constrictor, 14, 39, 111, 135, 141, 178, 183, 198, et seq., 202, 213, 232, 247, 258, 267, 327, 438, 584;

cophias, 422;

copper-head, 176, 289, 392, 571;

coral, 10;

coronella, 83, 424, 435;

corral, 423;

counacouchi, counicouchi, 417;

couroucoucou, 419, 429;

courracouchi, 421;

craspedocephalus, 388, 396, a seq., 421, 423, 427;

crebo, cribo, 177;

crotalidÆ, 176, 270, 302, 318, 355, 357, 359, 362, 368, 381, et seq., 397, 494, 503;

crotalus, 162, 269, et seq., 353, 375, 387, 421, 426, 495, 501, 519, 534, 541, 544, 553, 573, 574;

crotalophorus, 292, 388, 393;

cucurijuba, curucucu, 429;

cucuriÙ, cucuriubÙ, 454;

curucucu, 428;

cylindrophis,188;

cynodon, 347.

DABOIA, 349, 365, 407, 436;

dasypeltis, 414;

deaf adder, 424;

death adder, 172, 180;

deer-swallower, 229;

deirodon, 67, 72, 412, 415;

dendrophidÆ, 218, 408;

diamond s., 384, 423;

domina serpentum, 277;

dryadidÆ, 218;

dryophidians, 325;

dumb rattlesnake, 392;

durissus, 366.

ECACOATL, 279;

echis, 150, 320, 351, 366, 389, 424, 440, 537, 554, 580;

elaphis, 20, 185, 202, et seq., 336;

elapidÆ, 39, 186, 338, 353, 355, 362, 422, 430, 535, 548, 567;

el trago venado, 454;

enhydrina, 237;

epicratis, 147, 203, 440;

eryx, 220;

eunectes, 456 (see anaconda);

eutania, 495.

FER-DE-LANCE, 319, 388, 423;

flammon, 419;

four-rayed s. (see elaphis);

furia, 422.

GARTER s., 162, 440;

geoptyas, 38;

glyphodon, 347;

gokurrah, 425;

guiarranpiaquana, 430;

great sea-ser., 221, 247, et seq.;

green mamba, 154.

HALYS, 386;

hamadryad, 181, 333, 352, 387, 390, 442, 503, 567;

herpetum, 326;

heterodon, 152, 347, 350, 395, 401, 403, et seq., 407, 409, 422;

hexacornis, 325;

hoacoatl, 277;

holodontes, 347;

homalopsidÆ, 224, 228, 234;

hoop s., 184;

hopplocephalus, 184, 423, et seq.;

horn s., horned v., 224;

horse-shoe s., 137;

hydrinus, 225, 243;

hydrophidÆ, 169, 222, 232, 318, 348, 350, 355.

IARARACA, iararacuassa, 396, 429, 535;

ibibo, ibiboco, ibiboboca, 429, 430;

ibiracua, 396, 538;

iffulu, 230;

isodon, 347;

isodontiens, 347.

JACULUS, 196;

jacumama, 454;

Jamaica boa, 92, 119 (see chilobothrus);

jararaca, 10, 119, 359, 369, 402, 417, 421, 426, et seq.;

jarraracca, jararacussu, 396, et seq., 400, 406, 423, 429;

jararacucu, 369;

jararacpeba, 430, et seq.;

jeboia, 423.

KALA-SAMP, 425;

kamoudi, 429;

keautiah, 425;

king-snake, 177;

krait, 349;

kunikusi, 421.

LACERTINES, 14, 138, 570;

lachesis, 176, 357, 359, 365, 374, 387, 401, 416, 417, et seq., 421, et seq., 426, et seq., 556;

langaha, 325;

liophis, 332, 407, 410;

‘Lizzie’, 89, 470, et seq.;

lophophrys, 325;

lycodon, 347, 350.

MAMBA, 154;

mangeur de rats, 228;

matatoro, 229, 454;

massasauga, 393;

megÆra, 422;

mocassin, 7, 10, 227, 410, 424, 439, 571 (see Tropidontus);

morelia, 384.

NAG SAMP, 425;

naja, 154, 328, 425 (see cobra), 580;

nasicornis, 224, 317, et seq.;

natrix, 52, 138 (see ring-s., Tropidontus).

OGMODON, 347;

oligodon, 66, 343, 347, 414;

ophiophagus, 62, 181, 333, 390, 422, 425, 442, 565 (see Elaps, Hamadryad).

PASSERITA, 325;

pelagic ss., 233, 235, et seq.;

pelamis, 238, et seq.;

pelias, 495, 505;

pilot-s., 155, 182, 213;

pine-s., 93, 155;

pit-vs., 176 (see crotalidÆ);

pituophis, 151, 156, 217;

platurus, 243;

prickly-s., 175;

proteroglyphes, 347;

psamophis, 152;

pseudechis, 548, 560;

ptyas, 85, 213, 332, 348, 349 (see rats.);

puffadder, 13, 177, 358, 562;

python, 78, et seq., 178, 202, 443, 446, 449, 514, et seq., 516, 583, et seq.

RACER, 6, 63, et seq., 86, 155, 169, 177, 180, 182, 199;

rachiodon, 347, 414;

raetel-schlange, 277;

rat-s., 38, 177, 214 (see Ptyas);

rat-tail s., 177;

rativoro, 228;

rattle-s., 116, 138, 165, 177, 193, 199, 210, 268, et seq., 272, 274, 289, 307, 353, 360, 370, et seq., 390, 394, 487, 496, 501, 509, 521, 541, 549, 563, et seq. (see crotalus);

red adder, 392;

ring-s., 27, et seq., 52, 74, 76, 83, 95, 167, 442, 566, et seq.;

river-s., 223;

river Jack, 137, 150, 223;

rudis, la rude, 414;

Russell’s v., 436 (see Daboia).

SCHLANGE, 49;

sea-ser., 248, et seq.;

serpente, 49;

sea-snakes, 222, 231, 318 (see Pelagic);

sepedon, 347

serpentes À sonnettes, 279;

seven-banded s., 437, 439;

shiraraca, 396, et seq., 429;

simotes, 407;

slow-worm, 167, 327, 330, 424, 458, et seq. (see ‘Lizzie’);

solenoglyphes, 347, 383;

sorococo, 419;

spilotes, 155, 177;

sucariuba, 454;

surucurÙ, 421;

surukuku, 419;

surucujÙ, 454.

TANGADOR, 277;

teuchlacotzauhqui, 279;

teutlacocauehqui, 277;

thanatophides, 383;

thorn-tail, 172, 173, 175, et seq., 224;

toboba, 423;

tomodon, 347, 350, 407;

tortrix, 220;

‘Totsey’, 201, 216, 439, 516;

trigonocephalus, 172, 175, 176, 177, 226, 227, 319, 373, 388, 392, 397, 421, 422, 427;

trimuresuri, 177, 181, 386;

tropidontus, 37, 52, 89, 95, 127, 217, 223, 226, 227, 437, 439, 440, 450, 495, et seq., 571, et seq.;

two-headed s., 187, 190;

typhlops, 187, 189.

URICANA, 421;

urocrotalon, 292, 388;

uropeltis, 188;

uropsophus, 388.

VAIA, 423;

viperidÆ, 348, 353, 355, 368;

v. atropos, 149;

v. aquatica, 174;

v. arietans, 148;

v. caudisona, 135, 275, 292, 370, et seq.;

v. elegans, 339, 436;

vipera, 223, 433;

vipers, 13, 137, 168, 224, 274, 318, 324, 363, et seq., 371, et seq., 424, 432;

v. berus, 441, 495;

v. caudalis, 177;

v. cornuta, 322;

v. nasicornis, 224, 317, 320, 324, 360, 387, 436, 441;

v. rhinosceros, 137, 150, 223;

vivera de la cruz, 423.

WATER MOCASIN, 224, 227;

water rattle-s., 174;

water-ss., 225;

water-v., 172, 224;

whip-s., 10, 219.

XENODON, 155, 347, 359, 395, 401, et seq., 407, 413, 421, et seq.

YELLOW BOA, 63 (see Chilobothrus).

ZAMENIS, 137.

Sound, ss. affected by, 525, et seq.

Specimens, badly-prepared, 45, 117.

Spencer, Edmund, ‘Fairie Queen’, 486.

Spine, pliancy of, 212;

joints of, 213;

peculiar processes, 68;

illus., 68 (see adaptation, anatomy, vertebrÆ, etc.).

‘Spittle from the Bag’ (1670), 556;

tasted and tested, ib.

Spix and Martin; ‘Travels in Brazil’, 397;

the jararacas, ib. 427.

Sprengle, Mr. C. J., letter to the R. Soc. (1722), 280;

experiments with vipers, ib.

‘Springing teeth’, 282, 370.

Squires, 514.

‘Sting:’ of a snake, 9, 95, et seq., 105;

of the tail, 170, et seq.;

the word defined, 49.

Stradling, Arthur, Esq., M.D., C.M.Z.S. etc., cannibalism, 39;

tongues of ss., 127;

effect of warmth, 164;

the ‘Cribo’, 178;

sensitiveness of tail, 183;

‘Totsey’, 216, 439, 516;

illus. of, 201;

movements of ss., 217;

carried down by floods, 232;

sea-ss. in the Atlantic, 238;

can they climb? 239;

valuable specimens, 339, 359;

crotalus bite, 366;

a gift to the Z. Gardens, 398;

C.M.Z.S., 399;

investigations, 400;

pseudo-fangs, 405, et seq.;

vernaculars, 422, et seq.;

confusion in names, 427;

ring s. incubating, 442;

an ‘affectionate’ snake, 516;

an eligible offer, 521;

ss. insensible to music, 526;

‘fascination’, 530;

antidotes, 534;

venoms differ chemically, ib.;

fangs protective, 536;

disintegrating power of venom, 557.

Stridulating apparatus, 309.

Styng, 49.

Sucking; of eggs doubted, 73;

of cows and women impossible, 84, et seq.;

by suction, 90;

the process watched, 92.

‘Suites de Buffon’, 80 (see DumÉril).

Sullivan, ‘Rambles in Essequibo’, 419.

‘Sun and Serpent Worship’ (J. S. PhenÉ), 514.

Swallowing (see deglutition): vipers, their young? 483, et seq.

Swim -bladder, the, 145.

Swimming, action of, 145, 175, 213, 217 (see water-ss., sea-ss., etc.).

Synonyms, 48;

a plague to students, 396, et seq., 417, et seq.;

a stumbling-block to writers, 395, et seq., 418, et seq.;

the derivations useful, 416, 422, 427.

T

Tail; horny tip, 155, 172, et seq.;

‘stinging’, 170, et seq.;

‘mischievous’, 171, 173;

feelings expressed by, 155, 176, 179, 180, 587;

prehensile, 180, 202, 224, 233, 245, 472;

length varies, 177, 178;

sensitiveness, 183;

of burrowing ss., 188, et seq., 472, et seq.;

a propeller, 213, 223, 233, 472;

power of, 183, 587;

a fulcrum, 187, 473;

of Lachesis, 387;

of Xenodon, 155;

of tree-ss., 218, 386;

of water-ss., 223;

of sea-ss., 233;

of rattlesnakes (see rattle);

sloughs, 336;

how discarded, 337;

illus., 176, 188, 296, et seq.

Tasmania;

broad-scaled ss., 423.

Taste; dull, 34, 59;

assisted by the tongue, 72, 86, 528;

Huxley on, 121.

Taxidermy, formerly bad, 45, 117.

‘Tayle’, the, 271, 280.

Taylor, Colonel Meadows, Indian castes, 513.

Teeth; as holders, 29;

six rows, 32, 343;

claw-shaped, 34, 344;

for grasping, 34;

replacement of, 344;

gradations in, 342;

specialties, 347;

illus., 349, 355;

exceeding fineness of, 137, 348, 360;

sometimes absent, 66, et seq. (see dentition, fangs).

Telegraph cable, the, sea-s. caught in, 239.

Templer, Mr., catching a ‘Larke’, 50.

Tennant, Sir Emerson; sea-ss. near Ceylon, 245;

affection of cobras, 502.

Texas; cannibal ss. observed, 571.

‘Thanatophidia, the’ (see Fayrer).

Todd, ‘CyclopÆdia of Anatomy’, 118, 434.

Tombes, Charles, Esq., M.A., ‘On the Succession of Poison Fangs’, 363, 365, 373.

Tongue; sensitiveness, 72;

use in drinking, 80;

‘a sting’, 95, 106, et seq.;

not a brush, 108;

a feeler, 109, 112, 121;

position of, 125;

activity, 126;

colour, 127, et seq.;

Shakspeare on, 97, et seq.;

of journalists, 103;

of sea-ss., 125, 234.

Topsell; his ‘Serpentes’, 43, 477;

his Natural History’, 101.

Torpor, period of, 162;

variable, 163 (see hibernation, respiration).

Torquata, the collar, 52.

Tortoise; an ‘insect’, 43;

vulgarly ‘turtle’, ib.

Tortugas, sea-ss. off, 231.

Trachea, 133 (see windpipe, glottis).

Traill, Dr. Thos. Stewart, translator of Schlegel’s work, 3.

Transactions; of the Royal Society (see Phil. Trans.);

of the Z. Soc., 82, 235, 440, 516, 592.

‘Travels in the Amazon’, 158, 396, 421.

‘Travels in Brazil’ (Spix and Martin), 397.

‘Travels in Peru’ (Tschudi), 419.

‘Travels Round the World’ (Kingston), 418.

Tree ss., 53, 54, 67, 181, 218, 386, 430.

‘Tropical World’ (Hartwig), 418.

Tropidos, the keel, 223.

Tschudi, the Flammon of Peru, 419.

Tyrrell, keeper at the Reptilium, a witness, 185;

an assistant, 402 (see Zoo. Gardens).

Tyson, Dr. Edward; dissection of Vipera caudisona, 275;

on the larynx, 135;

on the ‘pit’, 277;

volitionary action of fangs, 370 (see Phil. Trans. 1683).

U

United States of America;

Association for the Advancement of Science, 485;

Science Convention on Snakes, 485, et seq.;

Exploring Expeditions, 162, 291, 293, 309, 376;

official Reports to Congress, 162, 291;

Dr. Elliott Coues, 199, 309, 376, 394;

herpetologists of, quoted, De Kay, 85;

Emmons, ib.;

Holbrooke, 86, et seq.;

Dr. Weir Mitchel, 535, et seq.;

F. W. Putnam, and the members of the Con., 485;

ophiological experiments (see Coues, Mitchel, Putnam, etc.).

V

Valenciennes; on the py., 78, et seq., 444, et seq.

VallÉe gave drink to the py., 79.

Valley of Wyoming infested with ss., 289.

Veleno, il della vipera (Fontana, 1767), 368.

Venner, Elsie, 301.

Venom; varies in ss., 534;

intensity of, 360, 537, 533;

remedies for, 552, et seq.;

modes of treatment, 545, et seq. (see Fayrer, Mitchell, etc. etc.).

Vernaculars, 277, 279, 397, 419, 429;

Stradling on, 423.

VertebrÆ; of Deirodon, 67;

number of joints, 209, 210;

articulation, 212;

capabilities of, 196, 202, et seq., 212, 587;

distinctions in, 211 (see spine, constriction).

Vestiges of limbs, 54;

in anaconda, 220, 453;

in form of ‘claws’, 219, et seq.;

Darwin on, 326;

Huxley on, 327.

Vibratile; action of fangs, 278, 375, 403, 409;

of tail, 155, 180, et seq., 587.

Vibration through solids affects ss., 526.

Virginia, 5;

‘Generall Historie of’, 272;

‘Account of’, 274;

‘History of’ (Beverley), 281, (Howe), 289;

old writers on, 369;

adventures in, 6, 64.

Viviparous, 431;

not peculiar to vs., 433 (see incubation, gestation).

Voice, 146, et seq. (see breathing, etc.).

‘Voyage of the Alceste’, Captain M’Leod, 111.

W

Wagler; eunectes, 228;

a herpetologist, 383;

not trustworthy, 427.

Wales, H. R. H. the Prince of, 22, 87.

Wales;

numbers of ss. in, 167;

a ‘venomous’ worm in, 480.

Wallaby hunters, 167.

Wallace, A. R., F.R.S., etc.; a half-strangled boa, 157;

the crotalidÆ, 382, 386;

sound of rattle, 309;

the Jararaca, 396;

the SurucurÙ, 421.

‘Wanderings’ (see Waterton).

Washington, D. C., Smithsonian Contributions, 374.

Water ss., 174, 221, et seq.

Waterton, Charles, Esq.; the Counacouchi, 417;

high colouring, ib.;

a stumbling-block, 419.

Webster, Noah;

a doubtful snake, 396.

‘Western World’, the (Kingston), 418.

Whisky; a popular remedy, 548;

enormous doses, 549;

approved by Halford, 550;

Mitchell, ib.;

Shortt, ib.;

generally efficacious, 549, et seq.

White, Gilbert; believed the maternal affection of vipers, 490.

Whydah, py. deities at, 514.

‘Wild Life’ (Du Chaillu), 186.

Wilson, Dr. Andrew; reptiles not highly organized, 18;

unscientific observers, 50;

imaginary sea-ser., 250;

abnormal developments, 265.

Wind -pipe, the, 130;

with a volitionary action, 131;

Owen on, ib.;

formation of, 133;

length, 134;

Tyson on, 135;

DumÉril, ib.;

observations, 137, et seq.;

muscles of, 141 (see glottis).

Wood (‘Natural History’); the slow-worm, 453.

Woodward, the Messrs., ‘South Africa’, 70, et seq.

Worcester; a doubtful s., 397.

Worms, gigantic, 45;

the Laidley, 117;

occasionally ‘venomous’, 480.

Wright; a doubtful snake, 397.

‘Wrongly -named’, 470 (see ‘Lizzie’).

Wucherer, Dr., on Xenodon, 155, 401, 409;

tree ss. 219;

C.M.Z.S., 401;

the Surucucus, 421.

Wyman, Professor, U.S., gastric juice of ss., 489.

Y

Yarmouth, sea-sers. at, 252.

Yates, F. H., Esq., ‘History of Egypt’, how ss. insert venom, 96.

Yawning; after meals, 30, 36;

quite a business, 37;

position of jaws when, 37, 136;

opportunities for inspection, 136, 139.

Z

Zambesi, Expedition to the (Livingstone), 230.

Zeuglodontia, the, imaginary sea-ser., 249.

Zimmermann, Professor (1800) incipient rattles, 299.

Zoological Gardens, 10;

Royal ophiophilists, 20;

a boon, 23;

blanket swallowed, 35;

cannibals, 39;

the ‘moccasins’, 10, 227, 572;

lectures at, 24;

eggs for food, 62;

the tanks, 92, 145;

snakes drinking, 92;

actions of snakes in water, 145, 218;

gossip, 94, 105, 585;

old coats, 193;

a means of instruction, 105, 110, 441;

What can it be? 129;

the air tube, 138;

hibernation, 163;

observations, 127, 333, 528, 561, et seq.;

baby vipers, 321, 432, 499;

acrobatic performances, 200, et seq., 214;

seizing the opportunity, 203;

length of anaconda, 230;

Mr. Bartlett of, 255, 322;

interrupted studies, 138;

snakes born there, 321, 436, et seq., 499, 500;

important additions, 398, 402, 455, 520;

a newly-hatched brood, 500;

a sudden thought, ib.;

‘Totsey’, 201, 216, 439, 516;

slow-worms climbing, 482;

fascination, 528, 578;

tame ss., 515;

casting the cuticle, 333, et seq.;

Heterodons, 411;

the Xenodons, 402, et seq.;

notes from the Z.G., 562, et seq.;

the Ophiophagus, 565, et seq.;

a Government agent, 570;

relative poisons, 575, et seq.;

‘coiling’, 573;

dinner time, 582;

the blankets, 588;

the keepers’ risks, 564, 588;

the Heloderm, 589, et seq.;

‘horrid’, 591;

the new Reptilium, 592.

‘Zoological Journal’ (1826), edited by Bell; Broderip on lubrication, 113, 134;

his observations confirmed by Bell, 140.

‘Zoological Miscellany’, the (J. E. Gray, ed.), CrotalidÆ, 385.

Zoological myths, 50, 266.

‘Zoological Notes’ (Arthur Nicols, Esq.), 125, 310, 504.

Zoological Proceedings, 140, 155, 401, 421, 456, 497, 516.

Zoological Society, 24;

Cantor, 82, 235;

A. R. Wallace, 309;

Dr. Edwardes Crispe, 490.

Zoological Society;

Council of, Professor Bell, 78, 493;

a fortuitous arrival, 322;

Sec. of, 440.

Zoological Society, C.M. of, 399, 401.

Zoological Transactions, 82, 235, 440, 516.

Zoologist, the, 3, 70, 73, 442, 490, 492.

Zoology;

a progressive science, 3;

assisted by observations (see Convention, Florence, Phil. Trans., Z. G., etc.).

‘Zoology’, Carpenter’s, 44.

‘Zoology of New York’ (De Kay), 85.

‘Zoology of South Africa’, Andrew Smith, M.D., F.Z.S., 66, 68, 177, 230, 407.

Zurich, Gesner, Professor at, 102.

THE END.

MORRISON AND GIBB, EDINBURGH,
PRINTERS TO HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.