PREFACE

CONTENTS

ANCIENT BRITAIN AND THE INVASIONS OF JULIUS CAESAR

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER II THE PALAEOLITHIC AGE Reasons for devoting a chapter to the Palaeolithic Age.

CHAPTER III THE NEOLITHIC AGE The early neolithic immigrants.

CHAPTER IV THE BRONZE AGE AND THE VOYAGE OF PYTHEAS A Copper

CHAPTER V THE EARLY IRON AGE Iron probably introduced into Britain by Gallic invaders.

CHAPTER VI CAESAR'S FIRST INVASION OF BRITAIN Caesar obliged to secure his rear before invading Britain.

CHAPTER VII CAESAR'S SECOND INVASION OF BRITAIN 55 B.C.

CHAPTER VIII THE RESULTS OF CAESAR'S INVASIONS OF BRITAIN 54 B.C. A.D. 43

THE ETHNOLOGY OF ANCIENT BRITAIN I. INTRODUCTION

THE NAMES ?????????? ?????, BRITANNI AND BRITANNIA

THE BIRTHDAY OF RELIGION

DUMBUCK, LANGBANK, DUNBUIE

INHUMATION AND CREMATION

SEPULCHRAL POTTERY

STONEHENGE

THE CASSITERIDES, ICTIS, AND THE BRITISH TRADE IN TIN I. THE CASSITERIDES

DENE-HOLES

THE COAST BETWEEN CALAIS AND THE SOMME IN THE TIME OF CAESAR

THE CONFIGURATION OF THE COAST OF KENT IN THE TIME OF CAESAR

PORTUS ITIUS I. REVIEW OF THE CONTROVERSY

THE PLACE OF CAESAR'S LANDING IN BRITAIN I. INTRODUCTION

THE CREDIBILITY OF CAESAR'S NARRATIVE OF HIS INVASIONS OF BRITAIN

THE DISEMBARKATION OF THE ROMANS IN 55 B. C.

THE SITE OF CAESAR'S CAMP IN 55, AND OF HIS NAVAL CAMP IN 54 B. C.

THE WAR-CHARIOTS OF THE BRITONS

THE OPERATIONS OF THE BRITONS DURING THE LAST FEW DAYS OF CAESAR'S FIRST EXPEDITION

WHERE DID CAESAR ENCOUNTER THE BRITONS ON THE MORNING AFTER HIS SECOND LANDING IN BRITAIN?

CAESAR'S EARLIER OPERATIONS IN 54 B. C. ( B. G. , V, 9-11)

CAESAR'S SECOND COMBAT WITH THE BRITONS IN 54 B. C.

THE COMBAT BETWEEN TREBONIUS AND THE BRITONS

WHERE DID CAESAR CROSS THE THAMES?

CAESAR'S PASSAGE OF THE THAMES

THE SITE OF CASSIVELLAUNUS'S STRONGHOLD

DID LONDINIUM EXIST IN CAESAR'S TIME?

THE JULIAN CALENDAR AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF CAESAR'S INVASIONS OF BRITAIN

TOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES

ADDENDA

INDEX

ANCIENT BRITAIN
AND
THE INVASIONS OF
JULIUS CAESAR
BY
T. RICE HOLMES
Hon. Litt.D. (Dublin)
AUTHOR OF ‘A HISTORY OF THE INDIAN MUTINY’
‘CAESAR’S CONQUEST OF GAUL,’ ETC.
‘There seems no human thought so primitive as to have
lost its bearing on our own thought, nor so ancient as to
have broken its connection with our own life’.—E. B. Tylor.
OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1907

HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK AND TORONTO