rg@html@files@42970@42970-h@42970-h-7.htm.html#Page_351" class="pginternal">351

Aliabad, 421, 505

Alingar (Kao) river, 96, 99-100, 327, 358, 507, 509

Alishang river, 99, 356-8, 507

Alishang valley, Masson in, 396

Allard, General, 366, 455

Almar, 249

Altitude:

• Abstract, mediÆval ignorance of, 279
• As a factor in defence, 419

Amb (Embolina), 107-108, 114-15, 121

Ambela pass, 121

Amise, General, 366

Amritsar, 363, 367

Anardara, 335, 336

Anbar, 250-51

Andarab (Adraspa, Ariaspa, Zariaspa):

• Alingar river, communication with, 327
• Capital of Greek colonies situated in, 511
• Fertility of, 90
• Greek settlements about, 435
• Haibak route to, 524
• Site of, 272, 427-8
• Strategic importance of, 92, 275, 277, 357
• Timur at, 355
• otherwise mentioned, 243, 272-4, 276

Andarab river, 268, 272, 428; strategic importance of, 261

Andarab valley, 88, 90, 438, 509

Andkhui, 248, 439, 448

Anjuman, 270

Anjuman valley, 274, 436, 507, 509; importance of route, 275; unexplored, 427-8

Baraki, 91

Barbarra (? Mabara), 434

Barna, Badara (Gwadur), 159

Barnes, Sir Hugh, 374 and n.

Baroghel pass, 517, 521

Barohi, meaning of term, 34, 163. See also Brahuis

Bashgol valley, 426

Bashkird mountains, 200

Basrah, 368

Bassarika cited, 62

Bast, 236

Bazar (ancient) (Rustam, Bazira, Bazireh), 106, 113, 114

Bazar (modern) (? Ora), 106

Bean, Captain, 406-407

Begram, site of ancient city at, 393; Cufic coins at, 394

Behistan inscriptions cited, 30

Behvana (Jirena), 245

Bela (in Baluchistan), 331

Bela. See Las Bela

Belchirag, 251, 255, 484

Bellew cited, 32, 35, 163-4; his Ethnography of Afghanistan cited, 20, 91; his Inquiry cited, 21

Belous (Bolous), 200

Ben-i-Israel, traditions of, 49-50, 378

Benjawai, 207, 208, 210

Bentinck, Lord Wm., 344

Berwan lake, 282

Bessos (later Artaxerxes), 47, 68, 76, 88, 90

Besud route to the Helmund, 262

Besud territory, 378, 380-81

Bih (Geh), 311-12, 314

Binadur, 493

Binth (Band), 311-12, 314

Birdwood, Sir Geo., cited, 53

Birmal hills, 513

Birs Nimrud, 41, 43, 71

Bist (Kala Bist), 204, 207, 970-h-4.htm.html#Page_238" class="pginternal">238, 246, 247, 258

Christians:

• Armenian, in Kabul, 377
• Merv, at, 241
• Sakah, at, 229

Christie, Captain, 329 et seq.

Chumla river, 108; valley, 121

Climate as affecting race distribution, 8, 46

Conolly, Lieut., 390

CophÆus, 114

Court, M., 455, 457

Crockery debris, 82, 197

Cufic coins, 394

Cunningham, General, cited, 106, 148

Curtius, Quintus, cited, 107, 122, 148-9, 221, 459

Cyrus, King of Persia, 79, 147

• Dadar, 362
• Dahuk (? Dashtak), 304
• Dames, Longworth, cited, 201
• Damizar (? Bagisara), 158
• Dand, 472
• Dandan Shikan pass, 260, 384, 421; Wood's account of, 418
• Daolatabad, 249
• Daolatyar, 221, 223-4, 256, 486
• Daraim valley, 424
• Darak (Dizak), 311-14
• Darak Yamuna (Yakmina), 317
• Dards, 31
• Darel (To-li), 179, 182-3
• Darel stream, 183-4
• Darius, flight of, from Alexander, 47, 67; death of, 70
• Darius Hystaspes, transportation of Greeks by, 16, 19, 20, 31, 45, 87, 91
• Darra Yusuf river, 257, 200
• Darwaz mountains, 432-3
• Darya-i-Zarah (Gaod-i-Zireh), 5, 358, 423
• Dionysian, migration of, to Indian frontier, 16, 19, 62-3, 124-5, 358, 423
• Indian art, influence on, 59-60
• Kyrenean, in Baktria, 91
• Milesian. See that title
• Persian Empire, relations with, 20-21, 36, 61
• Women of, as influencing language in Indus valley, 22

Grierson, Dr., cited, 132

Gulgula citadel, 381, 386

Gulkatz, 473

Gulkoh mountain, 515

Gulran (? Kilrin), 235

Gurkhas in Nepal, 188

Guzwan (? Gurkan, Juzjan, Jurkan, Jirghan), 250, 251, 255

Gwadur (Barna, Badara), 159, 299

Gwalian (Walian) pass, 414

• Habibullah, 444
• Haftala (Astola, Hashtala, Nuhsala, Nosala) Island, 161, 286
• Haibak (Semenjan):
  • Andarab, distance from, 272; route to, 524
  • Buddhist remains at, 177, 264-5, 511
  • Description of, 271
  • Moorcroft at, 446
  • mentioned, 261, 482
• Haidar, cited, 186, 327
• Haidarabad, 399
• Haig, General, 27; cited, 309-10; Indus Delta Country by, cited, 145, 153
• Haji Khan, 378-87, 417
• Hajigak pass, 260, 420, 446; Masson's account of, 388; Wood's account of, 417
• Hajjaj, 292
• Hala pass, 150
• Hamadan, 322; telegraph route from, to Teheran, 48
• Harat Rud, 498
• Hari Rud river:
  • Course of, 528 70@42970-h@42970-h-4.htm.html#Page_203" class="pginternal">203, 217, 228-31, 236, 237, 243, 251, 255, 295, 303; Ashkalu l' Bilad of, quoted, 304, 308-309; map of Makran by, cited, 297-8, 307, 312, 313
  • Ichthyophagi, 160, 318
  • Idrisi (Abu Abdulla Mohammed) cited,199 et seq., 301-304, 307-309, 312, 313, 315-17, 427-8, 434, 446; quoted, 303, 314, 316-17
  • Ilchi (Khotan), 172
  • Iliad cited, 12
  • ImÁm Sharif, 222
  • India (for particular districts, rivers, etc., see their names):
    • Aboriginal inhabitants of, 157
    • Afghanistan:
      • Commercial treaty with, attempted, 397; Burnes' mission, 398-401, 404-5
      • Land gates of India always in possession of, 22
    • Arab invasion of, by land and sea, 287
    • Art of:
      • Assyrian influence on, 7, 52-4
      • Greek influence on, 6, 22, 59-60, 129
      • Syrian and Armenian influence on, 6
    • Aryan influx to, 61
    • Assyrian influence in, 70; on art, 7, 52-4
    • Bombay N.I., record of, 454
    • Defences of, natural:
      • North and north-east frontier, on, 3
      • South frontier, on—ridge and valley formation, 140; Indus to Punjab desert, 7, 143-4, 2 ian knowledge of, 31
    • Kashmir passes, no records of military use of, 517
    • Kashmund mountains, 100, 101
    • Kashran (? Khasrin), 317
    • Kaspioi, 31
    • Kaspira (Kasmira), 31
    • Kasr Akhif (Ahnef), 245
    • Kasrkand, 311-12, 314
    • Kasur spur, 426
    • Kataghani horses, 504-505
    • Katan Chirak, 132
    • Katawar, 355
    • Kattasang, 472
    • Kattawaz plain, 465, 472, 475
    • Kawak (Khawak), 355
    • Kawakir, 235
    • Kej (Kiz, Kirusi, ?Labi), 301-302
    • Kej valley, 297
    • Kenef, 238
    • Kunjut (Hunza), 180-181
    • Kerman desert, 201; valley, 262
    • Kermanshah, 322
    • Ketnev, 356
    • Khaibar route to India:
      • Evil reputation of, 458
      • HyphÆstion's march by, 95
      • Masson's journey by, 351-2
    • Khair, 310
    • Khair Kot (? Kambali), 150, 307-308
    • Khalmat tombs, 196, 310-11
    • Khan Nashin, 495
    • Khana Yahudi, 257
    • Khanabad, 423, 506
    • Kharachanabad (Khardozan), 230
    • Kharan, 331, 335, 339
    • Kharan desert, 339-41
    • Khardozan (Kharachanabad), 230
    • Khariab river, 278
    • Khariab (Kokcha) river, 270, 273, 274
    • Kharkerde, 231
    • Kharotis, 513
    • Khash, 495
    • Khash Rud valley, 204
    • Khashka pass, 387
    • Khasrin (? Kashran), 317
    • Khawak pass:
      • Height of, 357, 435
      • Importance of, 103
      • Direction of, 509-10
      • Dorah route from, 520
      • Ivy and vine in, 133
      • Kafirs in, 102-103; of Kamdesh, 131-2
      • Masson's investigations as to, 396
      • Survey of (1894), 123
    • Kundar river, 464
    • Kunduz (town):
      • Burnes' mission to, 378
      • Description of, 504
      • Lord's invitation to, 413, 416, 420-422
      • Southward routes from, to Bamian and Kabul, 523
      • Warwalin near, 272
      • Wood's estimate of, 422
    • Kunduz district:
      • Fortified towns of, 504
      • Pestilential climate of, 432, 447-9, 505
      • Kunduz river, 261, 421, 428, 436, 505; scenery of, 257, 259-260
    • Kunduz valley route to Kabul, 434
    • Kunjut, 186
    • Kupruk, 257
    • Kuram, 482-3, 505
    • Kuram valley route, 135, 512
    • Kurchi, 251
    • Kurdistan hills, 322
    • Kurt (Tajik) dynasty in Ghur, 218
    • Kuseri, Kouseri (? Kuhsan, Kusan), 231-3
    • Kushan (Tokhari), 241
    • Kushk, 324
    • Kushk river, 236, 237, 240; description of, 246
    • Kushk-i-Nakhud, 210, 492
    • Kyiza (Knidza), 160
    • Labi (? Kiz, Kirusi, Kej), 304
    • Ladakh ("Little Tibet"):
      • Idrisi's description of the town of, 281
      • Mongol invasion via, 186
      • Moorcroft in, 443-4
      • Vigne in, 462
    • Laghman valley, 96, 99-101; inhabitants of, 100, 133 al">268
    • Meds (? Malli), 155, 160-61, 292-3
    • Megasthenes, 129; his India cited, 126-7
    • Mehrab Khan, 406
    • Meilik (Nimlik), 482
    • Menk, 274
    • Mesiha, 245
    • Mesopotamia:
      • Earliest immigrants into, question as to origin of, 34-5
      • Irrigation works necessary in, 40-41
      • Israelite deportations to, 39
      • Nana-worship in, 163
      • Teheran-Mashad route from, to Baktria, 47-8, 54, 70
    • Merv-el-Rud:
      • Confused with Russian Merv by Idrisi, 244-5
      • Date and destruction of, 241-2
      • otherwise mentioned, 236, 239, 240-41
    • Merv of the Oasis (Russian):
      • Balkh, routes to, 249-50
      • Confused with Merv-el-Rud by Idrisi, 244
      • Herat route from, 236
      • Historic importance of, 241
    • Milesian Greeks:
      • Brankhidai, 20
      • Colonies of:
        • N. of Euxine, 14
        • S. and W. of Euxine, 18
      • Transportation of, to Baktria region, 16, 19, 20, 31, 45
    • Miletus:
      • Alexander's reduction of (334 B.C.), 66
      • Carpet-making industry of, 18
      • Destruction of, date of, 16
    • Minab river, 166
    • Minagar, Binagar (? Manhabari), 304, 309-10
    • Mingal, 482
    • Mingals, 142, 306
    • Minjan pass, 507, 519; Chitral route through, 359, 426
    • Minjan river. See Kokcha
    • Minjan valley, 132, 426, 436
    • Miri fort of Quetta, 138, 148
    • Mockler, Col., cited, 159-19
    • Omar I., Kalif of Baghdad, 307
    • Ora (? modern Bazar), 106
    • OritÆ, 146, 150, 151, 156, 161
    • Orodis, 241
    • Oxus district, mediÆval geography of, 277 et seq.
    • Oxus jungles, 433
    • Oxus (Jihun, Khariab) river:
      • Channel of, variations in, 89
      • Fords of, accurate knowledge of, 501-502
      • Irrigation works connected with, 75
      • Khariab a name for, 273, 278
      • Pony ferry over, at Kilif, 89-90, 460; at Khwaja Salar, 449, 460-61
      • Wood's explorations of, 420, 423, 428-35
    • Oxydrakai, 127
    • Pactyans. See Pathans
    • Padizar bay, 158, 159
    • Paghman offshoot of Hindu Kush, 97
    • Paghman, 387
    • Pahrag (Pahra, Pahura, Fahraj), 315, 317, 342; two places so named, 316
    • Pamirs:
      • Climate of, 429
      • MediÆval geography of, 277 et seq.
      • Routes across, 502
      • Taghdumbash, 517
    • Panja (Wakhab) river, 279
    • Panjdeh:
      • Buddhist caves at, 244
      • Herat, routes from, 236
      • Karabel plateau route from near, to Balkh, 250
    • Panjgur:
      • Dates of, 290
      • Description of, 302-303
      • Mountain conformation of, 323
      • Railway from, to Karachi, question as to, 324
      • Telegraph route to, from Ispahan, 322
    • Panjkora river, 104, 122
    • Panjkora valley, 96
    • Panjpilan (Kalloo, Shutar Gardan) pass, 386, 388, 417
    • Panjshir (Banjohir), 276-7
    • Panjshir pass, 87-8
    • Panjshir route between Kabul and Andarab, 87-8, 414
    • Panjshir valley:
      • MediÆval reputation of, 362
      • Strategic importance of, 137-9
      • Telegraph to, from Seistan, 323
    • Quintus Curtius. See Curtius