A great desideratum in pomological science is, a system of classification for the apple, founded on characters which are at once permanent and well defined. The Germans have been most assiduous in endeavoring to attain this object, and many systems have been suggested, of which those of Manger, Sickler, Christ, and Diel, are most generally known. But it is to Diel that the greatest merit is due, for having produced a system, which, though far from perfect, is greatly in advance of any which had hitherto been produced; and which has been universally adopted by all the German pomologists. In 1847, my friend Dochnahl, an eminent and assiduous pomologist, published a system, based upon that of Diel, of which it is a modification, and which possesses such advantages over its type, as to be more easily reduced to practise.
As the systems of Diel and Dochnahl, are certainly the best which have yet appeared, I have introduced them here, for the benefit of those who may want a groundwork on which to form an arrangement.
DIEL’S CLASSIFICATION.
CLASS I. RIBBED APPLES.
1. They are furnished with very prominent, but regular ribs round the eye, extending also over the fruit, but which do not render the shape irregular.—2. Having wide, open, and very irregular cells.
ORDER I. TRUE CALVILLES.
1. They taper from about the middle of the fruit towards the eye.—2. They are covered with bloom when on the tree.—3. They have, or acquire by keeping, an unctuous skin.—4. They are not distinctly and purely striped.—5. They have light, spongy, delicate flesh.—6. They have a strawberry or raspberry flavor.
ORDER II. SCHLOTTERÄPFEL.
1. The skin does not feel unctuous.—2. They are not covered with bloom.—3. They are either of a flat, conical, cylindrical, or tapering form.—4. They have not a balsamic, but mostly a sweetish or sourish flavor.—5. They have a granulous, loose, and coarse-grained flesh.
ORDER III. GULDERLINGE.
1. They are not balsamic like Order I., but of an aromatic flavor.—2. They have a fine flesh, almost like that of the Reinettes.—3. They are either of a conical or flat shape.—4. They are most prominently ribbed round the eye.
CLASS II. ROSENÄPFEL.—ROSE APPLES.
1. They are covered with blue bloom when on the tree.—2. They have not unproportionally large, but often only regular cells.—3. They emit a pleasant odor when briskly rubbed.—4. The skin does not feel unctuous.—5. They are handsomely and regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit.—6. They have a tender, loose, spongy, and mostly fine-grained flesh.—7. They have a fine rose, fennel, or anise flavor.—8. They are mostly of short duration, and are often only summer, or autumn apples.—9. They are mostly striped like a tulip.
ORDER I. FRUIT TAPERING OR OBLONG.
ORDER II. FRUIT ROUND OR FLAT.
CLASS III. RAMBOURS.
1. They are all large apples, and comprise the largest sorts.—2. They have mostly, or almost always, two unequal halves, namely one side lower than the other.—3. They are constantly furnished with ribs round the eye, which are broad, rising irregularly the one above the other, and extending over the fruit, so as to render it irregular in its shape; they are also compressed and have one side higher than the other.—4. They are constantly broader than high, and only sometimes elongated.—5. They have all a loose, coarse-grained, and often very pleasant flesh.
ORDER I. WITH WIDE CELLS.
ORDER II. WITH NARROW CELLS.
CLASS IV. REINETTES.
1. They have a fine-grained, delicate, crisp, firm, or tender flesh.—2. They are mostly the ideal of a handsome shaped apple; in them the convexity or bulge of the middle of the apple, towards the eye, is the same as that towards the stalk, or not much different.—3. They are all grey dotted, or have russety patches, or completely covered with russet.—4. They have only rarely an unctuous skin.—5. They have all the rich, aromatic, sugary, and brisk flavor, which is called the Reinette flavor—6. They decay very readily, and must, of all apples, hang longest on the tree.—7. The really sweet, and at the same time aromatic apples, belong to the Reinettes, only as regards their shape, their russety character, and their fine or firm flesh.—8. Apples with fine, firm, crisp flesh, which cannot of themselves form a separate class,—for instance, the Pippins also belong to this class.
ORDER I. SELF COLORED REINETTES.
1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.—2. Having no lively colors or marks of russet on the side next the sun; except those that are very much exposed, and which assume a slight tinge of red.—3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes.
ORDER II. RED REINETTES.
Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes, but of a pure red on the side next the sun, without any mixture of russet.
ORDER III. GREY REINETTES.
1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow.—2. The coating of russet, or the russety patches spread over the greater part of the fruit are very conspicious.—3. The side next the sun is often dull brownish, or ochreous red.
ORDER IV. GOLDEN REINETTES.
1. On the side next the sun they are washed, or striped with beautiful crimson.—2. The ground color changes by keeping to beautiful deep yellow.—3. Over the ground color, and the crimson of the exposed side, are spread light thin patches, or a complete coat of russet.
CLASS V. STREIFLINGE.—STRIPED APPLES.
1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red.—2. These stripes are found either over the whole fruit, or only very indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun.—3. The stripes may be distinct, that is to say, truly striped; or between these stripes on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; but on the shaded side the stripes are well defined.—4. The cells are regular.—5. They are of a purely sweet, vinous, or acid flavor.—6. They have not the same flavor as the RosenÄpfel.—7. They do not decay except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when properly ripened.—8. They form a large and somewhat considerable class among the culinary fruits.
ORDER I. FLAT STREIFLINGE.
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened.—2. They are constantly half an inch broader than high.
ORDER II. TAPERING STREIFLINGE.
1. They are broader than high.—2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical, or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half.
ORDER III. OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL STREIFLINGE.
1. The height and breath are almost equal.—2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.—3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally.
ORDER IV. ROUND STREIFLINGE.
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.—2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch.—3. Laid in the hand with the eye and stalk sideways, they have the appearance of a roundish shape.
CLASS VI. TAPERING APPLES.
1. They have the cells regular.—2. They are not covered with bloom.—3. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun.—4. Constantly diminishing to a point towards the eye.—5. They are sweet, or vinous, approaching a pure acid.—6. They do not decay readily.
ORDER I. OBLONG, CYLINDRICAL, OR CONICAL.
Characters the same as Order III. of the Streiflinge.
ORDER II. TAPERING TO A POINT.
Characters the same as Order II. of the Streiflinge.
CLASS VII. FLAT APPLES.
1. They are constantly broader than high.—2. They are never striped.—3. They are either of an uniform color, or on the side exposed to the sun more or less washed or shaded with red.—4. They have regular cells.—5. They are not unctuous when handled.—6. They do not decay readily.—7. Flavor purely sweet or purely sour.
ORDER I. PURELY FLAT APPLES.
1. The difference is obvious to the eye.—2. The breadth is constantly half an inch more than the height.
ORDER II. ROUND-SHAPED FLAT APPLES.
1. The eye cannot easily detect a distinction between the breadth and height.—2. The breadth rarely exceeds the height by a quarter of an inch.—3. The fruit cut transversely, exhibits almost or quite two equal halves.
DOCHNAHL’S CLASSIFICATION.
SECTION I.
PLEUROIDEA.—ANGULAR OR RIBBED APPLES.
Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the fruit, and are most prominent round the eye, where they are most generally situated.
CLASS I. MALA CYDONARIA.—QUINCE-SHAPED APPLES.
ORDER I. CALVILLA,—CALVILLES.
1. They have large heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or often entirely torn; the cells extend very often from the stalk, even to the tube of the calyx.—2. They diminish from about the middle of the fruit, or a little above it towards the eye.—3. They are regular, and provided generally with fine ribs, which do not disfigure the fruit.—4. On the tree the fruit is covered with bloom.—5. They are never distinctly striped.—6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine, and light, of a balsamic flavor, similar to that of strawberries or raspberries.—7. The eye is frequently closed.—8. Many of them acquire by keeping, an oily or unctuous skin.
GROUP I. FRUCTUS RUBRI—FRUIT RED.
The fruit almost entirely covered with red.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.—FRUIT TWO-COLORED.
Yellow, very much striped or washed with red.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS LUTEI.—FRUIT YELLOW.
Of a whitish, greenish, or golden yellow.
ORDER II. PSEUDO-CALVILLA.—BASTARD CALVILLES.
1. The cells are the same as the true Calvilles, very large and open.—2. The calycinal tube is wide and generally very short.—3. They are slightly narrowed towards the eye, and flattened towards the stalk.—4. Their ribs are very prominent, especially round the eye.—5. They are aromatic, and have not the balsamic flavor of the true Calvilles.—6. Their flesh is fine, opaque, a little succulent, and almost equal to the Reinettes.
The Groups are the same as in the First Order.
CLASS II. MALA PYRARIA.—PEAR-SHAPED APPLES.
Their flavor is neither balsamic nor aromatic; they are purely sweet or acid, their flesh is granulous and loose.
ORDER I. TREMARIA.—SEEDS LOOSE.
1. These are almost always large apples, the skin of which is neither unctuous nor covered with bloom.—2. They are also furnished with ribs, but they are not so regular as in the Calvilles.—3. The cells are very large, irregular, widened, and generally open.—4. The calycinal tube is most generally widely conical, and does not extend to the cells.—5. They are of a flattened, conical, cylindrical, or pointed shape.—6. Their flesh is loose, more often a little coarse, and of a slight balsamic flavor.—7. The leaves of these trees are very large, rather deeply dentated, and less downy than those of the Calvilles and Bastard Calvilles.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.—FRUIT SELF-COLORED.
Green, greenish-yellow, or golden yellow, and lightly tinged with red.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.—TWO COLORED.
Yellow or green, and distinctly striped or washed with red.
ORDER II. RAMBURA.—RAMBURES.
1. They are all very large.—2. They have almost always the two halves unequal.—3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear sometimes higher than they are.—4. They are not furnished with ribs except round the eye; these ribs are often irregular in numbers, and frequently form broad projections on the fruit.—5. They do not decay, but shrivel when they are past maturity.—6. The flesh is coarsely granulous, rarely aromatic, often, nevertheless, very agreeable.
GROUP 1. CAPSULIS AMPLIS.—CELLS WIDE.
GROUP 2. CAPSULIS ANGUSTIS.—CELLS NARROW.
SECTION II.
SPHÆROIDEA.—SPHERICAL APPLES.
They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and round the eye, but never true ribs.
CLASS III. MALA MESPILARIA.—MEDLAR-SHAPED APPLES.
Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the rose, fennel, or anise.
ORDER I. APIANA.—APIS OR ROSE APPLES.
1. Their flesh is soft, loose, marrowy, very fine-grained and of a snow-white color.—2. The cells are almost always regular and closed.—3. They are regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit, but sometimes not at all ribbed.—4. They have a balsamic flavor, accompanied with a very agreeable odor.—5. They emit a pleasant odor, especially when briskly rubbed.—6. When they are on the tree, they are frequently covered with blue bloom, and striped like a tulip.—7. The fruit is mostly small or middle sized.—8. They are mostly of short duration, and lose their good flavor the same year.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS OBLONGI.—OBLONG FRUIT.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS SPHÆRICI.—ROUND OR FLATTENED FRUIT.
ORDER II. REINETTA.—REINETTES.
1. These are apples which have generally the most regular and handsome shape; having the bulge in the middle, at the same distance from the eye as from the stalk.—2. All are dotted, clouded, or entirely covered with russet.—3. They are very rarely inclined to be unctuous, but generally rough when handled.—4. They all decay very readily, (they must therefore be left as long as possible on the tree.)—5. Their flesh is fine-grained, crisp, firm, or fine and delicate.—6. They are all charged with only a balsamic, sugary acid, which is called Reinette flavored.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.—SELF COLORED.
1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.—2. Having no lively colors nor marks of russet, on the side next the sun; except those that are very much exposed, and are slightly tinged with red.—3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS RUBRI.—FRUIT RED.
Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes; but on the side next the sun, they are of a red color, with a mixture of russet.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS RAVI.—FRUIT RUSSETED.
1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow.—2. The coatings of russet are very conspicious.—3. The side next the sun is often dingy, brownish, or ochreous-red.—4. They all decay very readily.
GROUP 4. FRUCTUS AUREI.—YELLOW OR GOLDEN FRUIT. GOLDENREINETTES.
1. On the side next the sun they are washed or striped with beautiful crimson.—2. The ground color changes by keeping, to beautiful deep yellow.—3. Over the crimson there is a light, thin trace, or complete covering of russet.
CLASS IV. MALA MALARIA.—PERFECT OR PURE APPLE SHAPED.
They are of a perfectly sweet or vinous flavor, approaching to pure acid.
ORDER I. STRIOLA.—STRIPED APPLES.
1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red.—2. These are either over the whole fruit, or only indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun.—3. The stripes may all be distinct, that is, clearly and finely striped; or between these stripes on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; but on the shaded side, the stripes are well defined.—4. The cells are regular.—5. The fruit does not decay, except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when it has been properly ripened.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS DEPRESSI.—FRUIT FLAT.
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened.—2. They are always half an inch broader than high.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS ACUMINATI.—POINTED FRUIT.
1. They are broader than high.—2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS OBLONGI.—FRUIT OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL.
1. The height and breadth are almost equal.—2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.—3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally.
GROUP 4. FRUCTUS SPHÆRICI.—FRUIT ROUND.
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.—2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch.—3. When laid on their sides they present a spherical shape.
ORDER II. CONTUBERNALIA.—STORING OR HOUSEHOLD APPLES.
1. Having the cells regular.—2. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun.—3. They do not decay readily.—4. They are not unctuous when handled.—5. They are never covered with bloom.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS ACUMINATI.—FRUIT TAPERING.
Diminishing towards the eye.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS DEPRESSI.—FRUIT FLAT.
They are constantly broader than high.
Such is the classification of Dochnahl, and although it is not all that could be desired, it is certainly the best which has yet been published, and will serve as a good foundation on which to raise a more perfect work.
I have not had an opportunity of applying either of these arrangements to the classification of our British apples, but for the purpose of affording a little assistance in identifying the different varieties described in this work, I have prepared the following, which, although I am aware is not what could be desired, will at least be sufficient for all general purposes. The period of duration, and the coloring of fruits, vary to a considerable extent according to circumstances of soil, situation, and season; but in the following arrangement, I have endeavored to embrace those characters which they are most generally found to possess.
I. SUMMER APPLES.
Consisting of such as either ripen on the tree, or shortly after being gathered, and which generally do not last longer than the beginning of October.
§—ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
- Calville Blanche d’EtÉ
- Dutch Codlin
- Early Harvest
- Early Julien
- Early Spice
- Joanneting
- Large Yellow Bough
- Madeleine
- Oslin
- Sack and Sugar
- Stirzaker’s Early Square
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
- Borovitsky
- Duchess of Oldenburgh
- Nonesuch
- Ravelstone Pippin
- Whorle
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
- Calville Rouge d’EtÉ
- Calville Rouge de Micoud
- Cole
- Devonshire Quarrenden
- Irish Peach
- Maiden’s Blush
- Passe Pomme d’Automne
- Passe Pomme Rouge
- Red Astrachan
§§—OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
- Carlisle Codlin
- Early Wax
- English Codlin
- Keswick Codlin
- Manks Codlin
- Springrove Codlin
- Sugar Loaf Pippin
- Summer Golden Pippin
- Teuchat’s Egg
- White Astrachan
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
- American Summer Pearmain
- Creeper
- Kerry Pippin
- Longville’s Kernel
- Margaret
- Pigeonnet
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
- Dr. Helsham’s Pippin
- Hollow Core
- King of the Pippins
- Sugar and Brandy
II. AUTUMN APPLES.
Including such as are in use from the time of gathering to Christmas.
§—ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
- American Fall
- Bland’s Jubilee
- Breedon Pippin
- Bridgewater Pippin
- Broadend
- Broad Eyed Pippin
- Cobham
- Dowell’s Pippin
- Downton Pippin
- Drap d’Or
- Early Nonpareil
- Flanders Pippin
- Forest Stire
- Franklin’s Golden Pippin
- Gloria Mundi
- Golden Monday
- Golden Noble
- Gooseberry Apple
- Grange
- Harvey Apple
- Pawsan
- Small Stalk
- Stead’s Kernel
- Waltham Abbey Seedling
- White Westling
- Winter Lading
- Yellow Elliot
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
- Bachelor’s Glory
- Biggs’s Nonesuch
- Cellini
- Chester Pearmain
- Creed’s Marigold
- Elford Pippin
- Flushing Spitzenburgh
- Gravenstein
- Green Woodcock
- Hermann’s Pippin
- Hoary Morning
- Hollandbury
- Kentish Fill Basket
- Kingston Black
- Longstart
- Monkton
- Nanny
- Rabine
- Rambour Franc
- Red-Streak
- Red Streaked Rawling
- Siberian Harvey
- Summer Strawberry
- Trumpington
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
- Api EtoillÉ
- Bere Court Pippin
- Borsdorffer
- Burn’s Seedling
- Calville Rouge d’Automne
- Cherry Apple
- Contin Reinette
- Flower of Kent
- Forge
- Foxley
- Glory of the West
- Greenup’s Pippin
- Hawthornden
- Isle of Wight Pippin
- Lady’s Delight
- De Neige
- Red-Must
- Rymer
- Scarlet Crofton
- Scarlet Tiffing
- Scotch Bridget
- Siberian Bitter Sweet
- Summer Broadend
D. Russet.
Being entirely or to a great extent covered with russet.
- Brown Kenting
- Cornish Aromatic
- Ten Shillings
§§—OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
- Brookes’s
- Catshead
- Coccagee
- Costard
- Cray Pippin
- Green Tiffing
- Hargreave’s Green Sweet
- Harvey’s Wiltshire Defiance
- Isleworth Crab
- Kilkenny Pearmain
- Lucombe’s Pine
- Marmalade
- Melrose
- Monkland Pippin
- Nelson Codlin
- Pitmaston Golden Wreath
- Proliferous Reinette
- Sheep’s Nose
- Tarvey Codlin
- Toker’s Incomparable
- Transparent Codlin
- White Wine
- Wormsley Pippin
- Yellow Ingestrie
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked, with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
- Augustus Pearmain
- Belle Bonne
- Colonel Vaughan’s
- Bennet Apple
- Best Bache
- Broughton
- Cowarne Red
- Duke of Beaufort’s Pippin
- Duncan
- Emperor Alexander
- Fill Basket
- Garter
- Glory of England
- Golden Streak
- Golden Winter Pearmain
- Hagloe Crab
- MÈre de MÉnage
- Moore’s Seedling
- Queen of Sauce
- Summer Pearmain
- White Paradise
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
- Fox Whelp
- Friar
- Ganges
- Grey Leadington
- Kentish Pippin
- Long Nose
- Pigeon
- Red Ingestrie
- Wickham’s Pearmain
- Woodcock
D. Russet.
Being entirely, or to a great extent covered with russet.
- Bowyer’s Russet
- Patch’s Russet
- Pine Apple Russet
III.—WINTER APPLES.
Including such as are in use during the whole of the Winter and Spring.
§—ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
- Alfriston
- Bedfordshire Foundling
- Belledge Pippin
- Birmingham Pippin
- Blenheim Pippin
- Bringewood Pippin
- Calville Blanche d’Hiver
- Cluster Golden Pippin
- Court of Wick
- Devonshire Buckland
- Dredge’s Fair Maid of Wishford
- Dredge’s Fame
- Essex Pippin
- Fair’s Nonpareil
- Famagusta
- Fenouillet Jaune
- Gogar Pippin
- Golden Pippin
- Holland Pippin
- Hollow Crowned Pippin
- Hughes’s Golden Pippin
- Minchall Crab
- Morris’s Court of Wick
- Rambo
- Reinette Diel
- Reinette Franche
- Reinette Jaune SucrÉe
- Reinette Vert
- Rhode Island Greening
- Saint Julien
- Screveton Golden Pippin
- Siely’s Mignonne
- Sleeping Beauty
- Spitzenberg
- Veiny Pippin
- Wyken Pippin
- Yellow Newtown Pippin
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
- Brabant Bellefleur
- Calville Rouge d’Hiver
- Caroline
- Christie’s Pippin
- Dutch Mignonne
- Fulwood
- Golden Reinette
- Gros Faros
- Hall Door
- Hambledon Deux Ans
- Hoskreiger
- Keeping Red Streak
- Kirke’s Lord Nelson
- Lincolnshire Holland Pippin
- Lucombe’s Seedling
- Newtown Spitzenberg
- Ribston Pippin
- Round Winter Nonesuch
- Royal Reinette
- Scarlet Nonpareil
- Selwood’s Reinette
- Shakespere
- Shepherd’s Fame
- Somerset Lasting
- Spice Apple
- Striped Beefing
- Striped Monstrous Reinette
- Taunton Golden Pippin
- Watson’s Dumpling
- West Grinstead Pippin
- Yorkshire Greening
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
- Api
- Api Gros
- Api Noir
- Baddow Pippin
- Bank
- Belle Grisdeline
- Braddick’s Nonpareil
- Brickley Seedling
- Calville Malingre
- Clara Pippin
- Coul Blush
- Court-pendu Plat
- Dumelow’s Seedling
- Fair Maid of Taunton
- Fearn’s Pippin
- Harvey’s Pippin
- Haute BontÉ
- London Pippin
- Mela Carla
- Minier’s Dumpling
- Newtown Pippin
- Nonpareil
- Norfolk Beefing
- Norfolk Paradise
- Northern Greening
- Osterley Pippin
- Padley’s Pippin
- Pearson’s Plate
- Petworth Nonpareil
- Pomewater
- Reinette de Breda
- Reinette Blanche d’Espagne
- Reinette de Canada
- Reinette Van Mons
- Rose de China
- Royal Shepherd
- Sir William Gibbons’s
- Sops in Wine
- Squire’s Greening
- Sturmer Pippin
- Surry Flat Cap
- Turk’s Cap
- Wanstall
- Wheeler’s Extreme
- White Virgin
- Winter Colman
- Winter Greening
- Winter Majetin
D. Russet.
Being entirely, or to a great extent, covered with russet.
- Acklam’s Russet
- Aromatic Russet
- Ashmead’s Kernel
- Boston Russet
- Byson Wood Russet
- Fenouillet Gris
- Fenouillet Rouge
- Golden Harvey
- Horsham Russet
- Keeping Russet
- Knobbed Russet
- Morris’s Russet
- New Rock Pippin
- Pennington’s Seedling
- Pile’s Russet
- Pitmaston Nonpareil
- Pomme Grise
- Powell’s Russet
- Reinette Carpentin
- Reinette Grise
- Robinson’s Pippin
- Ross Nonpareil
- Royal Russet
- Sam Young
- Sweeney Nonpareil
- Sykehouse Russet
- Wheeler’s Russet
§§—OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color or occasionally tinged with faint red.
- Barton’s Incomparable
- Beachamwell
- Bossom
- Cockle Pippin
- Coe’s Golden Drop
- Colonel Harbord’s Pippin
- Darling Pippin
- Hanwell Souring
- Hormead Pearmain
- Hunthouse
- Lemon Pippin
- Mitchelson’s Seedling
- Norfolk Stone Pippin
- Nottingham Pippin
- Oxnead Pearmain
- Pitmaston Golden Pippin
- Pope’s Apple
- Tower of Glammis
- Trumpeter
- Warner’s King
- Winter Codlin
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
- Adams’s Pearmain
- Baldwin
- Baxter’s Pearmain
- Beauty of Kent
- Benwell’s Pearmain
- Bess Pool
- Bristol Pearmain
- Claygate Pearmain
- Cornish Gilliflower
- Esopus Spitzenburgh
- Federal Pearmain
- Grange’s Pearmain
- Lamb Abbey Pearmain
- Lewis’s Incomparable
- Loan’s Pearmain
- Margil
- Parry’s Pearmain
- Royal Pearmain
- Scarlet Leadington
- Scarlet Pearmain
- Seek-no-Farther
- Winter Pearmain
- Winter Quoining
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
- Barcelona Pearmain
- Farleigh Pippin
- Foulden Pearmain
- Hunt’s Deux Ans
- Hutton Square
- Irish Reinette
- Lady’s Finger
- Mannington’s Pearmain
- New York Pippin
- Ord’s Apple
- Petit Jean
- Pomeroy
- Ponto Pippin
- Russet Table Pearmain
- Tulip
- Vale Mascal Pearmain
- Violette
- Wadhurst Pippin
- Whitmore Pippin
- Woolman’s Long
D. Russet.
Being entirely, or to a great extent, covered with russet.
- Betsey
- Forman’s Crew
- Golden Knob
- Golden Pearmain
- Golden Russet
- Hubbard’s Pearmain
- Hunt’s Duke of Gloucester
- Martin Nonpareil
- Morris’s Nonpareil Russet
- Pinner Seedling
- Rosemary Russet
- Rushock Pearmain
- Uellner’s Gold Reinette
