An Explication of the First Plate.

Figure 1. Is a Balance, to weigh Water in its own Element, and in the Air; and to prove that its Weight is the very same in the former Case as in the latter. For when the Glass Bottle F is exhausted of Air, it will indeed require much more Weight to counterpoise it in the Air, than in the Water; by Reason of the much greater Weight of the Water thrust out by it, than of the Air; yet when upon the Admission of Water within, you weigh it again in the Air, and then in the Water, the additional Counterpoise now necessary is the very same; and shews that the real Weight of the Water admitted, is the same in both Elements. This Figure does also shew how Trials may be made to shew the respective Weight of those Bodies in Fluids that sink in them.

Fig.2. Is an inverted Syphon, to shew why Fluids ever press according to perpendicular Altitude, and not according to Quantity of Matter: As the small Quantity of Water in the smaller Tube is a Balance for the great Quantity in the greater, and stands upon the same Level CDEG; because in all possible Motions and Vibrations of the Fluid, the Velocity in the smaller must, by the Make of the Syphon, compensate the Quantity in the larger; the one ascending or descending as far as BD, while the other ascends only as far as EH, and so the Force is equal on both Sides, as is the known Case in the Stiliard also.

Fig.3. Is to shew the same equal perpendicular Height or Level in a common Syphon inverted.

Fig.4. Is a Number of hollow Tubes, of all Shapes and Directions, to shew that if their lower Orifices be put under tinged Water, and Oil be poured on the Surface of that Water, from GH to EF, the tinged Water will equally be pressed upwards through all the Tubes, according to all Directions; and will stand upon a common Level; tho' somewhat under the Surface of the Oil, because Oil is lighter than Water.

Fig.5. Is for the same Experiment with Water on the Surface of Quicksilver; into which Quicksilver a hollow Tube is inserted before the pourings in of the Water. For the Water will press upon the Quicksilver, and raise it in the small Tube, till it bears the same Proportion to the Height of the Water, that the Specifick Gravity of Water bears to that of Quicksilver, or about a fourteenth Part so high. Which, by the by, is one ready Way also of finding the Specifick Gravity of Quicksilver to Water, by measuring their several Altitudes.

Fig.6. Is to shew how Water in a very small Tube may elevate Quicksilver it self, when it is thrust more below the Surface of the Water, than the Difference of their Specifick Gravity requires; and that it will rise or fall as you thrust it lower, or raise it higher; and will at last fall out at the Bottom, if you raise it too high.

Fig.7. Is to shew that Fluids of different Specifick Gravities, as Water AB, and Oil AC, will stand at unequal perpendicular Altitudes, in Proportion to their Quantities, and Difference of Specifick Gravities.

Fig.8. Is a Part of a Compound Balance, to be joined to that of Fig.1. for the weighing of Levity, or of the Power of Ascent in a Body, as F, lighter than the Fluid wherein it is; and will shew that that Levity is the Difference of the Weight of that Body, and of an equal Bulk of the Fluid: Which is also the respective Gravity of those Bodies which are heavier than their Fluids, as may be tried by the same Balance of Fig.1. alone.