[1] Her brother Gilbert.

[2] Her sister Charlotte, afterwards Lady Charlotte Portal.

[3] All extracts not otherwise specified are from Lady John Russell's diary.

[4] Her sisters Mary and Elizabeth, afterwards Lady Mary Abercromby and Lady Elizabeth Romilly.

[5] Her brothers Charles and George.

[6] The next time she was to see the "old bodies" was on her own lawn at Pembroke Lodge, where she heard from the King the unimpressive story of "ma chute."

[7] Her brother, afterwards Sir Henry Elliot.

[8] The tutor.

[9] German friends at Berlin.

[10] Scotch for unwell.

[11] Afterwards Lord Lansdowne and the father of the present Marquis.

[12] Her brother, Lord Melgund, afterwards third Earl of Minto.

[13] Lady Harriet Elliot, sister of Lady John Russell.

[14] Lord John Russell.

[15] The second Lady John Russell.

[16] Miss Harriet Lister was the sister of Lord John's first wife.

[17] Delicate.

[18] Housekeeper.

[19] Lord Sydenham said later, "Lord John is the noblest man it has ever been my fortune to follow" (Spencer Walpole's "Life of Lord John Russell").

[20] From a sonnet to Lady John Russell by Lord Wriothesley Russel, written after reading Lady Minto's ballad in which these words occur: "His country and thee."

[21] Lord Ribblesdale, Adelaide Lister (Mrs. Drummond), Isabel Lister (Mrs. Warburton), Elizabeth Lister (Lady Melvill).

[22] This account is copied from the old leather-bound journal, in which it was written by Lord John the day after the interview; there is no gap in the account, but the last part appears to have been written later, and is unfinished.

[23] Lord John had built a house, 37, Chesham Place, which was henceforward their London home.

[24] Trevelyan's "Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay."

[25] Third Earl Grey, son of the Prime Minister.

[26] Lord John Russell's brother.

[27] Lady Mary Abercromby.

[28] An allusion to Napoleon's letters to Josephine from Italy, which she had been reading.

[29] Victoria.

[30] Lord John had written to his wife in April, 1845: "Macaulay made one of his splendid speeches again last night.... He is a wonderful man, and must with the years before him be a great leader."

[31] When Pembroke Lodge was offered to them they remembered--with surprise and delight at its fulfilment--the wish of that day, known to themselves alone.

[32] Appendix at end of chapter.

[33] "The state of Ireland was chaotic, and Lord Clarendon (Lord Lieutenant) was demanding a stringent measure of coercion. He did not get it.... The two Bills [Sir Robert Peel's in 1846 and the Bill of 1847] were so entirely different that to call them by a common name, though perhaps inevitable, is also inevitably misleading" ("History of Modern England," Herbert Paul, vol. i, chap. iv. See also Walpole's "Life of Lord John Russell," vol. i, chap, xvii.)

[34] In later years Lord and Lady John had much friendly intercourse with the Duc d'Aumale, son of Louis Philippe, and with the Comte de Paris and the Duc de Chartres (grandsons of the King), who were neighbours and welcome visitors at Pembroke Lodge.

[35] Lord John's stepbrother.

[36] "Letters of Queen Victoria," vol. ii, chap. xix.

[37] The defeat of the Government on Mr. Locke King's motion for the equalization of the county and borough franchise.

[38] "Letters of Queen Victoria," vol. ii, chap. xx.

[39] Although he asserted at the time that he would never serve under Lord John again, yet it appears that he was the only one of Lord John's colleagues who was willing to serve under him, when Lord John attempted to succeed Lord Aberdeen. Morley's "Life of Gladstone," vol. i, p. 531.

[40] Stuart Reid's "Life of Lord John Russell," p. 205.

[41] Colonel Romilly, husband of Lady Elizabeth Romilly, and son of Sir Samuel Romilly.

[42] Lord John's election agent.

[43] Morley's "Life of Gladstone," vol. i, p. 521. See also Lord Stanmore's "Earl of Aberdeen," chap. X.

[44] For a full account of these incidents the reader must be referred to Sir Spencer Walpole's "Life of Lord John Russell," chap. xxv.

[45] Lord John's stepbrother.

[46] Spencer Walpole's "Life of Lord John Russell," chap, xxvi.

[47] Kinglake, "Invasion of the Crimea," vol. iii, p. 348.

[48] Spencer Walpole's "Life of Lord John Russell."

[49] Afterwards Bishop of Durham.

[50] A children's play written by herself.

[51] Mary Agatha.

[52] "Memoirs of an Ex-Minister."

[53] Spaventa and Braico had been prisoners in Italy for about ten years.

[54] Lady John's diaries of 1860 being lost, this incident is given here on the sole authority of the late Sir James Lacaita.

[55] Formerly Lady Melgund. Her husband had now succeeded his father as third Earl of Minto.

[56] Her husband, Mr. Ralph Abercromby, was now Lord Dunfermline.

[57] American Minister in London.

[58] "Life of Lord Granville," by Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice.

[59] Promotion so rapid has only occurred once or twice in Parliamentary history. See note, Morley's "Life of Gladstone," vol. ii, p. 156.

[60] Sir Charles Wood retired with the title of Lord Halifax.

[61] Spencer Walpole, "The History of Twenty-five Years."

[62] John Bright's speech.

[63] Gladstone, in his apologetic introductory speech, had declared that no one could regard the Bill as a Trojan horse, which the Government was introducing surreptitiously within the citadel of the Constitution. "We cannot say:

"'Scandit fatalis machina muros
Foeta armis.'"
(The fated engine climbs our walls, big with arms.)

Mr. Lowe retorted:

"That was not a very apt quotation; but there was a curious felicity about it which he [Mr. Gladstone] little dreamt of. The House remembers that, among other proofs of the degree in which public opinion is enlisted in the cause of Reform, is this--that this is now the fifth Reform Bill which has been brought in since 1851. Now, just attend to the sequel of the passage quoted by the right honourable gentleman:

"'O Divum domus Ilium et inclyta bello
Mcenia Dardanidum! Quater ipso in limine portae
Sustitit, atque utero sonitum quater arma dedere.'
(O Troy, house of gods and Dardanian city famous in war! four times in the very gateway it stood,
and four times the clash of arms sounded in its womb.)

"But that is not all:

"'Instamus tarn en immemores, caecique furore,
Et monstrum infelix sacrata sistimus arce.'
(Yet we, thoughtless and blind with enthusiasm, urged it on, and in our
hallowed citadel stationed the ill-omened monster.)"

[64] Morley's "Life of Gladstone," vol. ii, p. 235.

[65] This letter ought to be dated July 22, 1869, and addressed to Lady Georgiana Peel. It refers to the debate on the Irish Church Bill.

[66] Afterwards Duke of Bedford.

[67] The Albert Hall.

[68] The marriage service was at Petersham, in the quaint old village Church, hallowed by many sacred memories.

[69] "The History of Twenty-five Years," vol. ii, p. 287.

[70] Mr. Froude, in a talk with an Irish peasant on the grievances of his country, remarked that one cause of complaint was removed by Disestablishment of the Church. "Och, sure, your honour, that is worse than all. It was the best gravance we had, and ye've taken it away from us!"

[71] Lord Amberley was defeated in the General Election.

[72] The Bill transferred to the new disestablished Episcopal Church all the churches, all endowments given since 1660, while the remaining funds were to be handed over to the Government for the relief of poverty and suffering.

[73] The publication of "Astarte," by the late Lord Lovelace, containing the documents and letters relating to Byron's separation from his wife, has now made it quite clear that the grounds for separation were real.

[74] The second volume of "Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, First Earl of Minto."

[75] Mr. Odo Russell (afterwards Lord Ampthill) and his wife.

[76] Daughter of Lord and Lady Amberley, born in February, 1868.

[77] A favourite stanza of Lady Russell's in "Childe Harold":--

What from this barren being do we reap?
Our senses narrow, and our reason frail,
Life short, and truth a gem which loves the deep,
And all things weighed in custom's falsest scale;
Opinion an omnipotence, whose veil
Mantles the earth with darkness, until right
And wrong are accidents, and men grow pale
Lest their own judgments should become too bright,
And their free thoughts be crimes, and earth have too much light.
BYRON.

[78] In February Mr. Forster introduced the Elementary Education Act. It passed the second reading without a division. In Committee the Cowper-Temple Clause was admitted by the Government.

[79] Their Italian servants.

[80] Lord Acton, "Historical Essays and Studies."

[81] King William of Prussia had just taken the title of German Emperor.

[82] Count Bernstorff was German Ambassador in London.

[83] Napoleon III and the Empress EugÉnie were living at Chislehurst.

[84] The Irish University Bill was being discussed in the Commons, one clause of which proposed to exclude theology, philosophy, and history from the curriculum of the New University.

[85] Lady Louisa Howard, formerly Lady Louisa Fitzmaurice (daughter of Lord Lansdowne), one of Lady Russell's earliest friends.

[86] Rachel and Bertrand, who stayed for the winter at Pembroke Lodge while their parents were abroad.

[87] On several occasions Lord Russell had been prevented by the state of his health from accepting invitations to Windsor. In April, 1874, he and Lady Russell were touched by the Queen's kindness in coming to visit them at Pembroke Lodge, and she had then seen Lord Amberley's children.

[88] "One of the best friends of the Queen and the Prince Consort was Baron Stockmar. This old nobleman, who had known the English Court since the days of George III, and loved Prince Albert like a son, was a man of sturdy independence, fearlessly outspoken, and regarded with affectionate confidence both by Queen Victoria and her Consort."--Daily News, May 7, 1910. This was what Lady Russell felt about him; his fearless outspokenness at Court always impressed her.

[89] The Comte and Comtesse d'Etchegoyen (nÉe Talleyrand) were intimate friends of Lord and Lady Russell. He was a French Republican, who had been obliged to leave Paris at the Coup d'État.

[90] In 1874 he wrote that from Adrianople to Belgrade all government should be in the hands of the Christians.

[91] "MY ILLUSTRIOUS FRIEND,--In associating your great name with the benefactors of the Christians oppressed by the Turkish Government, you have added a most precious jewel to the crown of humanity which encircles your noble brow. In 1860 your sublime word was spoken in favour of the Italian Rayahs, and Italy is no longer only a geographical expression. To-day you plead the cause of the Turkish Rayahs, even more unhappy. It is a cause which will conquer like the first, and God will bless your old age. I kiss the hand of your dear wife, and remain for life your devoted G. GARIBALDI."

[92] "Life of the Earl of Beaconsfield," J. A. Froude, p. 251.

[93] Frank (afterwards Earl Russell), who was then ten years old, and Bertrand, three years old.

[94] Wife of Dean Stanley.

[95] Contemporary Review, December, 1889.

[96] They named it Dunrozel after Rozel in Normandy, supposed to be the original home of the Russells.

[97] The only book Lady Russell published was "Family Worship"; a small volume of selections from the Bible and prayers for daily use. It was first published in 1876.

[98] Rev. F. W. Robertson, of Brighton. Sermons, 1st Series.

[99] "Life of Lord John Russell," by Stuart J. Reid, p. 351.

[100] The name she was called by in her childhood.

[101] At that time Governor of Madras.

[102] In the April of 1881 Gladstone gave notice of an Affirmation Bill, to enable men like Mr. Bradlaugh to become members of Parliament without taking an oath which implied a belief in a Supreme Being. But it was not till 1883 that the Bill was taken up. On April 26th Gladstone made one of his most lofty and fervid speeches in support of the Bill, which, however, was lost by a majority of three.

[103] Mrs. Tyndall.

[104] Daughter of the Rev. F. C. Blyth, for many years curate at Petersham.

[105] Miss BÜhler (who died some years ago) had been governess to Lady Russell's grandson Bertrand. She was Swiss, and only nineteen when she came, and Lady Russell gave her motherly care and affection.

[106] Arthur, son of Mr. Rollo Russell.

[107] "The Silence of Dean Maitland," by Maxwell Grey.

[108] Lady Russell often quoted a saying attributed to Fox, "Nothing which is morally wrong can ever be politically right."

[109] "Lonely--no, that am I not, for the spirits of my loved ones, they hover around me."

[110] Miss Anna Swanwick.

[111] Lady Russell had written in 1857 to her father about Minto: "I can well imagine the loveliness of that loveliest and dearest of places. There is now to us all a holy beauty in every tree and flower, in rock and river and hill that ought to do us good." Later, in a letter to her sister, Lady Elizabeth Romilly, she writes of "the Minto of old days, that happiest and most perfect home that children ever had."

[112] Nineteenth Century, January, 1890.

[113] Written after the Parnell O'Shea divorce case.

[114] "While in Norfolk Street (in 1882) engaged Sinclair, my good and faithful Sinclair, as maid and housekeeper" (Recollections). She remained with Lady Russell till her death, and served her with devotion to the end.

[115] Medical attendant and valued friend for over twelve years, partner to Dr. Anderson, of Richmond, with whom he attended Lady Russell till her death.

[116] Dr. Anderson, who had been for nearly thirty years a true and devoted friend.

[117] On October 31, 1897.

[118] The Right Hon. James Bryce, British Ambassador at Washington.