Walks in Rome :: INDEX.

INDEX.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Z

A.
Academy, French, in the Villa Medici, i. 49;
Costume, i. 55;
di S. Luca, i. 167
Æsculapius, temple of, ii. 364
Agger of Servius Tullius, ii. 38
Agrippa, baths of, ii. 211
Alberteschi family, Castle of the, ii. 368
Aldobrandini family, palace of, i. 461;
burial-place of, ii. 214
Alexis, St., frescoes of the life of, i. 346;
the story of, i. 362
Almo, the, i. 373, 375, 413; ii. 408
Altieri family, palace of, i. 107;
burial-place of, ii. 216
Amphitheatrum Castrense, ii. 131
Angelico, Fra, pictures by, ii. 216, 324, 348, 444;
tomb of, i. 219
Angelo, St., Castle, ii. 227;
Ponte, ii. 226
Anicii, Castle of the, ii. 362
Anio, the, ii. 31
AntemnÆ, site of, ii. 420
Antinous, the, ii. 308
Apollo, Temple of, i. 296; ii. 134
Belvedere, ii. 311
Appia, Via, i. 372
Aqua Acetosa, ii. 420
Alexandrina, ii. 133
Argentina, i. 229
Bollicante, ii. 133
Claudia, ii. 113
Felice, ii. 124
Marcia, ii. 95
Aqueduct, Claudian, ii. 125
Arches—
Arco dell' Annunziata, ii. 380
di S. Lazzaro, ii. 393
Oscuro, ii. 420
dei Pantani, i. 165
of Constantine, i. 206
of Dolabella, i. 330
of Drusus, i. 387
of Gallienus, ii. 71
of Janus, i. 229
of Septimius Severus, i. 173;
miniature, 232
of Tiberius, i. 173
of Titus, i. 200
Arnolphus, ii. 373
Arpino, Cav. d', grave of, ii. 105
Artists, studios of, i. 30
Atticus, Herodes, story of, i. 414, 415
Augustus, Palace of, i. 280
Aurelian, Wall, i. 385;
Temple of the Sun built by, i. 436;
favourite residence of, ii. 12
Ave-Maria bell, i. 44
Aventine, the, i. 348
B.
Babuino, the, i. 36
Balconies, origin of, i. 61
Bambino, Il Santissimo, i. 151
Baptistery of the Lateran, ii. 96
Barberini,
Palazzo, i. 438
Cardinal, ii. 9
Casino of the, ii. 12
Castle of the, ii. 34
Garden of the, ii. 45
Barcaccia, the, i. 57
Basilicas (pagan)—
of Æmilius Paulus, i. 181
Constantine, i. 184; ii. 80
Julia, i. 175
in the Palace of the CÆsars, i. 282
Porcia, i. 182
Basilicas (Christian)—
Sessorian, ii. 131
S. Agnese fuori le Mura, ii. 26
S. Alessandro, ii. 32
S. Croce in Gerusalemme, ii. 128
Eudoxian, ii. 54
S. John Lateran, ii. 98
S. Lorenzo, ii. 136
S. Maria Maggiore, ii. 81
S. Pietro, ii. 242
S. Paolo fuori le Mura, ii. 402
S. Sebastiano, i. 416
S. Stefano, ii. 124
Baths—
of Agrippa, ii. 211
of Caracalla, i. 376
of Constantine, i. 436
of Diocletian, ii. 36, 38
of Livia, ii. 423
of Nero, ii. 202
of Titus, ii. 52
Befana, festival of the, ii. 202
Benedict, St., house inhabited by, ii. 368
Bernini, Palazzo, i. 73
Bocca della Verita, i. 233
Borghese, Camillo, tomb of, ii. 87
Cervaletto, farm at, ii. 85
Palace, i. 65
Piazza, i. 66
Villa, ii. 411
Casino, ii. 413
Chapel of, ii. 85
Borgia, family burial-place of, ii. 98
CÆsar, ii. 325
Lucrezia, ii. 62
Rodrigo, Pope Alexander VI., grave of, ii. 170;
empty tomb of, 269;
representations of the life of, 325
Borgo, the, ii. 235
Boschetto, the, i. 50
Bramante, ii. 244, 284, 308
Burial-Ground,
German, ii. 278
Jewish, i. 355
Protestant, ii. 397
Roman, ii. 144
C.
CÆsars, Palace of the, i. 273
Caius Gracchus, spot where he was killed, ii. 377
Caligula, Palace of, i. 292;
bridge of, 299;
obelisk brought to Rome by, ii. 238;
circus of, 283
Cameos, i. 29
Campaniles—
S. Benedetto a Piscinuola, ii. 368
S. Cecilia, ii. 372
S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, i. 384
S. Lorenzo in Lucina, i. 73
S. Lorenzo Pane e Perna, i. 468
S. Maria in Cosmedin, i. 234
S. Maria in Monticelli, ii. 182
S. Prassede, ii. 71
S. Pudenziana, i. 470
S. Silvestro, i. 74
S. Sisto, i. 382
Campo—
Militare, ii. 34
di Fiori, ii. 176
Campus Esquilinus, ii. 36
Campus Martius, ii. 148
Canova, i. 101; ii. 251, 266, 308, 347, 415
Capena, Porta, site of, i. 373;
historical interest of, 432
Capitol, the, i. 109—158
Cappuccini, piazza, ii. 7
Cemetery, 10
Caracci, Ann., tomb of, ii. 210
CarinÆ, the, ii. 47
Caritas Romana, i. 241
Casale dei Pazzi, ii. 32
Castel Giubeleo, ii. 425
Castles of—
St. Angelo, ii. 227—234
the Alberteschi, ii. 368
the Anicii, ii. 368
the Anguillara, ii. 379
Crescenza, ii. 423
Rustica, ii. 135.
Catacombs—
of S. Agnese, ii. 29
of Calepodius, ii. 453
of St. Calixtus, i. 390—405
of S. Ciriaca, ii. 142—145
of S. Felicitas, ii. 20
of S. Felix, i. 49
of SS. Gianutus and Basilla, ii. 418
of S. Hippolytus, ii. 147
Jewish, i. 407
of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, i. 408
of SS. Pietro e Marcellino, ii. 133
of S. Pretextatus, i. 405
of S. Ponziano, ii. 453
of S. Priscilla, ii. 20—24
of the Santi Quattro, ii. 125
of S. Sebastiano, i. 417
of St. Valentine, ii. 418
Cathedra Petri, ii. 261.
Catherine, S., of Siena, Church of, i. 459;
tomb of, ii. 217.
Cecilia. S., relics and tomb of, ii. 373;
house of, 375;
grave of, i. 397
Cemeteries—
See Burial-grounds
Cenci, tragedy of the, i. 144
of S. Paolo, ii. 405
of S. Pietro in Vincoli, ii. 62
Coelian Hill, i. 316—342
Coliseum, i. 207—220
Collatia, ruins of, ii. 135
College for English missionaries, ii. 171
Collegio di Propaganda Fede, i. 58
Collegio Romano, i. 87
Colonna, Agnese Gaetani, funeral urn of, ii. 273
Gardens, i. 458
Lorenzo, murder of, ii. 224
Oddone, tomb of, ii. 100
Palazzo, i. 98
Piazza, i. 77
Princess, tomb of, ii. 213
Vittoria, residence of, i. 75;
death of, ii. 387
Columbaria,—
of the Arruntia family, ii. 77
of the Freedmen of Octavia, i. 385
Columna Lactaria, i, 242
Columns—
Colonna della Vergine, ii, 80
of M. Antoninus, i. 77
of Antoninus Pius, ii. 334
of Piazza di Spagna, i. 57
of Phocas, i. 179
of S. Prassede, ii. 68
of Trajan, i. 160
of the Vatican Council, ii. 363
Connell, Daniel O', monument of, i. 462
Constantine, statue of, i. 118;
basilica of, i. 184;
arch of, i. 206;
frescoes representing the conversion of, i. 341;
baths of, i. 458;

frescoes of legendary history of, ii. 99;
erection of a basilica on the site of St. Peter's, by, ii. 242;
Cimeterio del Tedeschi, set apart by, ii. 278;
Saxa Rubra, site of decisive victory of, ii. 425
Convents of—
S. Agata in Suburra, i. 461
S. Alessio, i. 362
Ara-Coeli, i. 153
S. Bartolomeo, ii. 363
S. Bernardo, ii. 45
the Buon Pastore, ii. 439
S. Buenaventura, i. 204
S. Caterina, i. 460
S. Cecilia, ii. 370
S. Eusebio, ii. 77
S. Francesca Romana, i. 198
S. Francesco a Rapa, ii. 379
the GesÙ, i. 107
S. Gregorio, i. 326
S. Maria degli Angeli, ii. 42
the Minerva, ii. 222
Monache Polacche, ii. 72
the Noviciate of the order of Jesus, i. 445
S. Onofrio, ii. 435
the Oratorians, ii. 166
S. Pancrazio, ii. 452
S. Paolo, ii. 387
S. Pietro in Vincoli, ii. 53
Poor Clares, ii. 388
the Pregatrici, ii. 12
S. Sabina, i. 355
the SacrÉ Coeur, i. 53
Santi Quattro Incoronati, i. 340, 342
Sepolte Vive, the, or Farnesiani nuns, i. 465
S. Silvestro a Monte Cavallo, i. 459
S. Sisto, i. 381
S. Tomaso in Formis, i. 331
Tor de Specchi, i. 270
Ursuline nuns, i. 64,
Visitandine nuns, i. 304
Cordieri, Nicolo, statues by, i. 325, 326; ii. 99, 214
Cordonnata, La, i. 118
Corsini, Palazzo, ii. 439
Chapel of the, ii. 103
Corso, the, i. 60
Crypts—
of S. Alessio, i. 364
of SS. Cosmo e Damiano, i. 191
of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, ii. 130
of S. Martina, i. 188
of S. Martino al Monte, ii. 63
of St. Peter's, ii. 267
of S. Prassede, ii. 68
Crypto-Porticus, i. 281
Cybele, Temple of, i. 294;
Sacred Stone of, 294;
washing the statue of, ii. 408
D.
Dalmatica di Papa San Leone, in Treasury of St. Peter's, ii. 276
Damasus, Pope St., inscriptions of, i. 396, 407, 418
Diana, Temple of, i. 353
Diavolo, Casa del, ii. 124
Diocletian, Baths of, ii. 38
Doctors in Rome, i. 28
Domenichino, his most famous fresco, i. 325;
his masterpiece, ii. 349
Dominic, St., Convent of, i. 355;
orange-tree of, 356;
vision of, 358;
legends of, 359, 360;
first residence of, 381;
Divine mission of, 382;
place of first meeting with St. Francis, ii. 106
Domitian. Palace of, i. 312;
martyrs under, 334
Doria, Palazzo, i. 93;
Villa, ii. 454.
Dorotea, Sta., legend of, ii. 390
Drawing, materials, shops for, i. 29;
list of subjects for, 34;
best months for, in Rome, 35
E.
Easter benediction, ceremony of the, ii. 240, 241
Egeria, Fountain of, i. 375;
Grotto and grove of, 413
Esquiline Hill, ii. 46—93
Eustace, St., legend of the conversion of, ii. 204.
F.
Fabii, scene of the destruction of the, ii. 424
Farnese, Palazzo, ii 174;
Palazzetto, 178
Faustulus, Hut of, i. 288
Festa degli Artisti, ii. 135
Filomena, Sta., ii. 22
Fiori, Mario di, ii. 442
Fontana, works of, ii. 89, 93, 96, 114, 238, 257, 391
Fontana Paolina, ii. 451
Forums—
of Augustus, i. 164
Boarium, i. 227
of Nerva, i. 165
Romanum, i. 168—185
of Trajan, i. 159
Fountains—
of the Barcaccia, i. 57
of Egeria, i. 375
of S. Maria degli Angeli, ii. 42
of S. Maria in Cosmedin, i. 235
of S. Maria in Trastevere, ii. 382
of the Mascherone, ii. 175
of Palazzo Aldobrandini, i. 461
in Palace of the Senator, i. 120
in Piazza Navona, ii. 196
in Piazza Pia, ii. 236
of the Tantarughe, i. 267
Paolina, ii. 451
of the Piazza Montanara, i. 242
of the Ponte Sisto, ii. 391
attributed to the prayers of Peter and Paul in prison, i. 156
of the Quirinal, i. 478
of the Termini, ii. 42
of the Tre Fontane, ii. 401
of Trevi, i. 79
Francis, St., relics of, ii. 379;
celebration of Christmas by, 380
Frangipani family, castle of the, i. 217;
fortress of the, ii. 62
G.
Galileo, place of trial of, ii. 222
Gardens—
of Adonis, i. 305
of Barberini Palace, i. 443
Botanic, ii. 439
Colonna, i. 458
containing Columbaria, i. 386
Corsini, ii. 445
Government, i. 379
of the Pincio, i. 46
Priorato, i. 365
of the Quirinal, i. 445
Vatican, ii. 333
of S. Silvia, i. 324
of Sallust, ii. 12
of Villa Medici, i. 49
of Villa Massimo, ii. 122
of Villa Negroni, ii. 35
of Villa Wolkonski, ii. 123
Germale, the, i. 279
GesÙ Nazareno, miracle-working picture of, ii. 182
Ghetto, the, i. 250;
burial-ground for, 355
Giardino della Pigna, ii. 333
Giotto, works of, ii. 104, 215, 246, 277, 324
GrÆcostasis, i. 171
Gregory, St., legends of, i. 322; ii. 229;
Church of, i. 322;
monastic cell of, 324;
statue of, 326;
family to which he belonged, 363
Grottoes of Cerbara, ii. 135
Guidi, antiquity vendor, i. 379
Guido, important works of, i. 73, 325; ii. 7
H.
Heads of Lions, on bank of the Tiber, i. 239
Horti Lamiana, ii. 76
Hospitals—
Sta. Galla, i. 239
S. Gallicano, ii. 382
of S. Giacomo degli Incurabili, i. 61
German, ii. 161
of S. Giovanni Calabrita, ii. 365
of S. Giovanni Laterano, ii. 95
in Mausoleum of Augustus, i. 64
S. Michaele, ii. 376
of Santa Maria in Capella, ii. 370
of San Rocco, i. 60
of Santo Spirito, ii. 237
of the TrinitÀ dei Pellegrini, ii. 181
Houses—
of Aquila and Priscilla, i. 368
Cicero, i. 301
Claude Lorraine, i. 54
S. Clement, i. 347
Clodius, i. 300
Crassus, i. 301
Drusus and Antonia, i. 292
the Fornarina, ii. 368
Hortensius, i. 304
Lucrezia Borgia, ii. 62
Mark Antony, i. 303
Nero's Golden, ii. 52
of Nicholas Poussin, i. 54
Octavius and Afra, i. 277
Palestrina, i. 339
Pudens, i. 469
Poets, ii. 50
Pompey, ii. 48
Pomponius Atticus, i. 435
the Queen of Poland, i. 54
Raphael, ii. 225
Rienzi, i. 236
S. Silvia, i. 321
Spurius MÆlius, i. 272
the "Violinista," ii. 225
I.
Ignatius, S., rooms in which he lived, i. 107;
his martyrdom, 211
Inquisition, Palace of the, ii. 278
Intermontium, the, i. 116
Island in the Tiber, ii. 360—62
J.
Janiculan, the, ii. 432—434
Jesuits, Order of the, established, ii. 262;
re-established, 264
Jews, quarter of the, i. 250;
history of, in Rome, from early times, 250;
persecution of, 251, 252;
terms of occupation of houses by, 253;
revocation of laws against, 254;
population, government, and mortality, 255;
synagogue of, 256;
burial-ground of, 355;
cupidity of, 355;
catacomb of, 407;
custom of, on the election of a pope, ii. 166
Jupiter, Capitolinus, temples of, i. 111; ii. 366;
—Tonans,—Feretrius,—Pistor, temples of, i. 115;
statue of, 115;
—Stator, temple of, 247, 278;
—Inventor, temple of, ii. 392
K.
Kircherian Museum. i. 88
L.
La Madonna Consolatrice degli Afflitti, miraculous picture, ii. 221
Lanfranco, tomb of, ii. 385
Laocoon, the, ii. 309
Lares, shrine of the, i. 382
Lateran, obelisk of the, ii. 471
in the Quirinal Palace, i. 454
in S. Sabina, i. 357
in the Sala Rotondo, ii. 318
in the Sancta Sanctorum, ii. 113
in S. Stefano Rotondo, i. 339
in S. Teodoro, i. 223
found at Torre Nuova, ii. 414
in the Triclinium of the Palace of Lateran, ii. 109
Muro-Torto, i. 46
Museo, Chiaramonti, ii. 305
Pio-Clementino, ii. 305
Museums—
Capitoline, i. 122
Christian, of the Lateran, ii. 117
Vatican, of Christian Antiquities, ii. 324
Egyptian, ii 331
Etruscan, ii. 327—331
Kircherian, i. 88
N.
Navicella, the, i. 330;
Mosaic of, ii. 246
Navona, Piazza, ii. 196
Naumachia, remnant of the pleasures of the, ii. 198
Neri, S. Filippo, i. 418;
chapel of, ii. 166;
library founded by, ii. 167;
foundation of Oratorians by, ii. 169;
hospital founded by, ii. 181;
portrait of, ii. 181;
resuscitation to life by, ii. 187
Nero, Grave of, i. 38;
Statue of, i. 200;
Palace of, i. 311;
Aqueduct of, i. 330;
Martyrs under, i. 335;
Tower of, i. 459;
death of, ii. 25;
Golden House of, ii. 52;
site of Baths of, ii. 202

Notte Vaticane, ii. 336
NymphÆum—
of S. Urbano, i. 413
of the Val d' Inferno, ii. 430
O.
Obelisk—
of the Esquiline, ii. 93
of the Villa Mattel, i. 332
of the Lateran, ii. 95
of the Minerva, ii. 211
of the Monte Cavallo, i. 446
Citorio, i. 78
of the Pantheon, ii. 211
of St. Peter's, ii. 238, 239
of the Piazza Navona, ii. 196
of the Pincio, i. 46
of the Piazza del Popolo, i. 37
of the TrinitÀ de' Monti, i. 51
Observatory of the Collegio Romano, i. 88
Orti Farnesiani, i. 276
Osa, the river, ii. 135
Osteria delle Frattocchie, i. 429
Ostia, ii. 409
Ostian Gate, ii. 394, 399
Overbeck, Studio of, ii. 45
P.
Palaces—
Albani, i. 443
Aldobrandini, i. 461
Altemps, ii. 160
Altieri, i. 107
of Augustus, i. 280
Barberini, i. 436
Bernini, i. 73
Borghese, i. 65;
gallery in, 66
Braschi, ii. 188
Buonaparte, i. 103
of the CÆsars, i. 250
CaËtani, i. 268
Caffarelli, i. 142
of Caligula, i. 292
of the Cancelleria, ii. 177
Cardelli, ii. 155
Cenci, i. 259
Chigi, i. 76
Colonna, gallery in, i. 98
of the Conservators, i. 135
of the Consulta, i. 448
Corsini, ii. 439
Costaguti, i. 267
of Domitian, i. 312
Doria, i. 93;
gallery in, 94
Falconieri, ii. 175
Farnese, ii. 174
Farnesina, ii. 388
Gabrielli, ii. 166
Galitzin, ii. 155
Giraud, ii. 236
Giustiniani, ii. 202
del Governo Vecchio, ii. 165
Lancellotti, ii. 197
of the Lateran, ancient, ii. 108
of the Lateran, modern, ii. 114
Linote, ii. 178
Madama, ii. 198
Margana, i. 270
Massimo alle Colonne, ii. 186
Mattei, i. 268
Moroni, ii. 387
Muto-Savorelli, i. 103
of Nero, i. 311
Odescalchi, i. 98
Orsini, ii. 360
Pamfili, ii. 196
Parisani, i. 76
Patrizi, ii. 202
Pio, ii. 184
Poli, i. 81
Ponziani, ii. 369
of Pope Honorius III., i. 361
of the Quirinal, i. 449
della Regina di Polonia, i. 54
Rospigliosi, i. 434, 456
Ruspoli, i. 72
Sacchetti, ii. 176
Salviati, ii. 439
Santa Croce, ii. 182
Sciarra, i. 82
of the Senator, i. 120
Spada alla Regola, ii. 178
di Spagna, i. 57
of Tiberius, i. 291
Torlonia, i. 104
del Santo Uffizio, ii. 278
Valentini, i. 98
Venezia, i. 105
of Vespasian, i. 281
Vidoni, ii. 185
Palatine, the, i. 273—315
Pantheon, the, ii. 204—211
Parco di San Gregorio, i. 319
Pasquinades, ii. 188—192
Pasquino, ii. 188
Paul, St., house in which he lodged, i. 89;
trial of, in Palace of the CÆsars, i. 284;
prison of, i. 309;
skull of, ii. 100;
shrine of, ii. 273;
parting of, with St. Peter, ii. 398;
martyrdom of, ii. 399, 402;
pillar to which he was bound, ii. 401;
festivals of, ii. 408
Perretti, Cardinal, his residence at the Villa Negroni, ii. 35
Peruzzi, Baldassare, works of, ii. 160, 165, 178, 186;
tomb of, in the Pantheon, ii. 209;
design of, for St. Peter's, ii. 244;
frescoes by, ii. 448
Pescheria, the, i. 249
Peter, St., dungeon occupied by, in Mamertine Prisons, i. 153;
legend relating to, concerning Simon Magus, i. 197;
tradition of, i. 379;
legend relating to persecution of, ii. 389;
burial-place of, ii. 274;
preservation of his chains, ii. 54, 61;
relics of, ii. 61, 100;
statues of, ii. 226, 254;
episcopal chair of, ii. 261;
shrine and sarcophagus of, ii. 273;
parting of, with St. Paul, ii. 398;
crucifixion of, ii. 451
Photographers, i. 29
Pianta Capitolina, i. 123
Piazzas—
Barberini, i. 436
Bocca della VeritÀ, ii. 392
Borghese, i. 66
del Campidoglio, i. 119
di Campitelli, i. 269
Campo di Fiore, ii. 176
Capo di Ferro, ii. 178
of the Cappuccini, ii. 7
Colonna, i. 76
di S. Eustachio, ii. 202
del GesÙ, i. 108
di S. Giovanni, ii. 95
della Guidecca, i. 259
of S. Maria Maggiore, ii. 80
in Monti, i. 464
della Minerva, ii. 211
Montanara, i. 242
of the Monte Cavallo, i. 446
Monte Citorio, i. 78
of the Navicella, i. 330
Navona, ii. 196
del Orologio, ii. 166
of St. Peter's, ii. 238—240
Pia, ii. 236
del Popolo, i. 36
della Rotonda, ii. 211
Rusticucci, ii. 238
Scossa Cavalli, ii. 236
della Scuola, i. 256
di Spagna, i. 56, 58
delle Tartarughe, i. 267
del Tritone, i. 436
Picture Galleries—
Palazzo Barberini, i. 439
Borghese, i. 66
Capitoline, i. 140
Palace of the Lateran, ii. 118
Quirinal, i. 455
Palazzo Colonna, i. 99
Corsini, ii. 442
Doria, i. 94
Mattei, i. 268
Sciarra, i. 82
the Vatican, ii. 347, 359
Pierleoni, fortress of the, i. 245
PietÀ, in S. Croce, ii. 130
in the Lateran, ii. 103, 104
in S. Maria dell' Anima, ii. 163
of S. Peter's, ii. 256
Pietra di Paragone, ii. 278
Pig-Market, Roman mode of killing pigs, ii. 417
Pigna, in garden of the Vatican, ii. 334
Pincio, the, i. 43, 44
Piscina Publica, i. 383
Plautilla, legend of, ii. 398, 399
Pollajuolo, Antonio, tomb of, ii. 56
Pompey, statue of, ii. 179;
theatre of, ii. 184
Ponte—
S. Angelo, ii. 226
S. Bartolomeo, ii. 366
Molle, ii. 421
Nomentana, ii. 31
di Nono, ii. 134
Quattro Capi, ii. 360
Rotto, i. 237; ii. 369
Salara, ii. 19
Sisto, ii. 390
Pontecello, stream of, i. 429
Popolo, Piazza del, i. 36
Prati del, ii. 397
Porta del, i. 37; ii. 422
Church of S. Maria del, i. 39
Porta, Giacomo della, works of, ii. 174, 244, 251, 400, 401
Guglielmo della, ii. 262
Porta—
Angelica, ii. 430
Asinaria, ii. 107
Capena, i. 373
Carmentalis, i. 239
Cavalleggieri, ii. 280
Collina, ii. 16
Furba, ii. 124
S. Giovanni, ii. 107
Latina, i. 384
S. Lorenzo, ii. 135
Maggiore, ii. 132
Mugonia, i. 274
Nomentana, ii. 24
Ostiensis, ii. 394
Palatii, i. 279
S. Pancrazio, ii. 452
S. Paolo, ii. 393
Pia, ii. 24
Pinciana, ii. 16
del Popolo, ii. 410
Portese, ii. 377
Romana, i. 274
Salara, ii. 16
Salutaria, i. 435
Santa, ii. 82;Septizonium of Severus, i. 312
Seven Hills of Rome, i. 298
Shops—
for Antiquities, i. 29
Arvotti's, the famous Roman-scarf shop, ii. 198
Bookbinder's, i. 30
Booksellers', i. 29
for Bronzes, i. 29
for Cameos, i. 29
for Carpets and small house articles, i. 30
for Drawing materials, i. 29
English Grocer's, i. 30
Engraver's, i. 30
for Engravings, i. 29
German Baker's, i. 30
for Gloves, i. 30
Italian Grocer and Wine-Merchant's, i. 30
Jewellers', i. 29
for Lace, well-known, i. 267
for Ladies' dresses, i. 30
for Mosaics, i. 29
for Oil, Candles, and Wood, &c., i. 30
for Roman Ribbons and Shawls, i. 30
for Roman Pearls, i. 29
Shoemakers', i. 30
Tailors', i. 30
St. Peter's, first sight of, i. 17;
view of, from the Pincio, 44;
distant view of, from Villa Medici, 51;
"View of, through the Keyhole," 365;
the approach to, ii. 238;
early history of buildings on the site of, 242;
the building of, 244;
expenses of building, 245;
faÇade, 245;
vestibule, 246;
entrance of the Cathedral, 249;
nave, 251;
dimensions of building, 251;
cupola, 252;

Baldacchino, 252;
relics, 253;
statues, 254, 255;
chapels, 256—258;
monuments, 259—266;
tribune, 261;
chair of, 261;
confessionals, 267;
crypt of, 267—274;
sarcophagi, 270—274;
dome of, 275;
sacristy of, 275;
treasury of, 276;
archives of, 277;
best view of, 454
Stanze, d'Eliodoro, ii. 341
of the Incendio del Borgo, ii. 345
della Segnatura, ii. 342
Statues of—
Abbate Luigi, ii. 186
S. Agnese, ii. 194
Agrippa, ii. 206
S. Anastasia, i. 224
Antinous, the, ii. 308
Aristotle, ii. 180
Augustus, ii. 206, 424
Barberini Palace, the, i. 438
Benedict XIII., i. 303
S. Bruno, ii. 40
Calumny, i. 75
Capitoline Gallery, the, 123—135
Castor and Pollux, i. 118
S. Cecilia, ii. 373
Chapel of the Sacrament, the, ii. 89
Christian Museum, the, ii. 117
Cloelia, i. 199
Collection of, in Palazzo Sacchetti, ii. 176
Colossal, Minerva, ii. 35
Constantine, ii. 106
Corsini Chapel, the, ii. 103
Discobolus, the, ii. 186
Domitian, i. 179
Drusus, i. 387
Egyptian Museum, the, ii. 332
S. Gregorio, i. 326
Gregory XVI., ii. 405
Hall of the Senators, the, i. 121
Henry IV., ii. 99
S. Jerome, i. 60
S. John the Baptist, i. 344
Julius II., on tomb, ii. 59, 60
Juno, i. 112
Jupiter, i. 112
Justice, i. 378
S. Lorenzo, ii. 137
Marcus Aurelius, i. 119; ii. 186
Mars, ii. 14
S. Martina, i. 188
Mausoleum of Augustus, the, i. 447
Minerva, i. 112
Moses, ii. 42, 59
Nile, the, i. 184
Orpheus, ii. 51
Pasquino, ii. 188
Peter and Paul, ii. 130
S. Peter's, balustrade and steps of, ii. 245, 246;
nave, 254;
crypt of, 268, 273
Philip IV. of Spain, ii. 82
Pincio, the, i. 43
Pompey, at the foot of which CÆsar fell, ii. 179
Porta Pia, ii. 24
Raphael, by, i. 41
S. Sebastian, ii. 194, 221
S. Silvia, i. 325
Torso Belvidere, ii. 306
Trajan, i. 161
Vatican, the, ii. 300—322
Vatican Library, the, ii. 324
Villa Albani, the, ii. 18
Villa Borghese, the, ii. 414—416
Villa Pamfili Doria, the, ii. 454
Stone, on which Abraham was about to offer Isaac, ii. 237
Sacred, legend of, i. 294
Streets—see Via
Studios—
Artists', i. 30
of Overbeck, ii. 45
Sculptors', i. 31
Suburra, the, ii. 49
Summa Via Nova, i. 277
Sun, Aurelian's Temple of the, i. 436, 458
Sylvester, ancient Chair and Mitre of, ii. 64
T.
Tarquin, site of camp of, ii. 378
Tasso, Monument of, ii. 436;
death of, 437;
remains of oak planted by, 438;
annual commemoration of, at the Accademia, 439
Teatino, Don GaËtano di, founder of the Order of the Theatins, ii. 388
Tempesta, i. 334, 457; ii. 226, 337
Tempietto, on the Pincio, i. 54;
on site of St. Peter's crucifixion, ii. 451
Temples—
of Æsculapius, ii. 364
Antoninus and Faustina, i. 182
Apollo, i. 296; ii. 134
the Aventine, i. 351—353
Bacchus, i. 412
Castor and Pollux, i. 175
Ceres, i. 227
Cybele, i. 294
Fides, i. 114
Fortuna Virilis, i. 235
Muliebris, ii. 125
Fortune, i. 228
Health and Fever, i. 435
Honour and Virtue, i. 115
on the Island, ii. 363
of Janus Quirinus, i. 180
Julius CÆesar, i. 183
Juno, i. 247
Moneta, i. 115
Sospita, i. 298
Jupiter Capitolinus, i. 111—114
Feretrius, i. 115
Stator, i. 247, 278
Tonans, i. 115
Liber, i. 227
Libera, i. 227
Mars, i. 114
Ultor, i. 163, 164
in Memory of the French who fell in the siege of Rome, ii. 455
of Minerva, i. 298
Moonlight, i. 298
Neptune, i. 79
Peace, i. 184
Piety, i. 241
Remus, i. 191
Romulus, i. 434
Saturn, i. 172
the Sun, i. 117
Tellus, ii. 48
Venus Erycina, i. 114
Venus and Rome, last Pagan, in use, i. 199
Vespasian, i. 171
Vesta, i. 176, 235
Victory, i. 294
Tenerani, works of, ii. 221, 264, 407
Termini, the, ii. 34
Terraces of—
the Pincio, i. 43
the Villa Albani, view from. ii. 17
Doria, ii. 454
Medici, i. 49
Theatres of—
Apollo, the, ii. 224 (modern)
Balbus, ii. 153
Marcellus, i. 244
Palace of the CÆsars, in, i. 288
Pompey, ii. 153, 184
Thorwaldsen, works of, i. 188, 455; ii. 210, 264, 300
Tiber, inundations of the, i. 222;
Island in the, ii. 361;
picturesque views on the banks of, 421
Tiberius, Arch of, i. 173;
Palace of, 291
Tigellum Sororis, ii. 49
Titus, Arch of, i. 200;
Baths of, ii. 52
Tombs—
of Adam of Hertford, Bishop of London, ii. 372
in Ara-Coeli, i. 147, 148
of the Baker Eurysaces, ii. 132
Bastari, ii. 385
Bernardino Capella, i. 339
Bibulus, i. 105
the CÆcilii, i. 395
Caius Cestius, ii. 394
Camillo Borghese, ii. 87
in the Campus Esquilinus, ii. 36
of Carlo Maratta, ii. 40
Cardinal Adimari, i. 196
d'AlenÇon, ii, 385
Barberini, ii. 9
Fortiguerra, ii. 372
Gonsalvi, i. 87; ii. 90
Guido di Balneo, i. 364
Mai, i. 225
Pacca, i. 269
Rovarella, i. 344
Vulcani, i. 196
Zurla, i. 323
Casale Rotondo, i. 428
of Cecilia Metella, i. 422
in Chapel of the Rosary, i. 359
of Clement VII., ii. 219
IX., ii. 84
XIV., i. 101
S. Constantia, ii. 28
S. Cosmo and Damian, i. 191
destruction of, in old Basilica of St. Peter's, ii. 257—266
of Daniel O'Connell, i. 462
Doric, relic of republican times, i. 105
of Emmanuel IV., i. 444
Francesca di Ponziani, i. 195
eminent Frenchmen, ii. 200
Geta, i. 388
Gibson, the sculptor, ii. 397
Gregory XI., i. 196
XIV., i. 85
S. Helena, ii. 133
the Historian of the popes, ii. 92
the Horatii and Curiatii, i. 427
Imperia, i. 323
John Lascaris, i. 463
Julius II., ii. 59
Knights of Malta, i. 365
Lanfranco, ii. 385
Leo X., ii. 218
in S. Maria del Popolo, i. 39—42
of Martha Swinburne, ii. 171
Sta. Martina, i. 188
Munoz de Zamora, i. 358
Nero, i. 38
Nicholas IV., ii. 84
Nicholas Poussin, i. 73
Painters, in the Pantheon, ii. 209, 210
Paul IV., ii. 215
Pius V., ii. 89
Pompey, i. 429
Pope St. Cornelius, i. 399
Melchiades, i. 398
in S. Prassede, ii. 69
of Prince Altieri, i. 382
de Macao, ii. 34
Maganaopoli, i. 461
Maggiore, ii. 72
Margutta, i. 54
della Marmorata, ii. 392
Mazzarini, i. 461
de Mercede, i. 75
Monserrato, ii. 170
del Monte Tarpeio, i. 272
Morticelli, ii. 379
S. Niccolo in Tolentino, ii. 12
Nova, i. 307
Ostiensis, ii. 409
Pane e Perna, i. 466
S. Pantaleone, ii. 186
in Parione, ii. 165
della Pedacchia, i. 117
del PiÈ di Marmo, ii. 222
de' Pontefici, i. 61
della Porta Pia, ii. 43
delle Quattro Fontane, i. 474
del Quirinale, i. 444
Ripetta, i. 37
Sta. Sabina, i. 355
Sacra, i. 205
della Salita del Grillo, i. 165
Savelli, ii. 360
della Scala, ii. 388
della Scrofa, ii. 154
S. Sebastiano, i. 375
della Sediola, ii. 197, 202
dei Serpenti, i. 463
Sistina, i. 54
di San Sisto Vecchio, i. 375
Sterrata, i. 443
Tor de' Specchi, i. 270
Tordinona, ii. 223
Triumphalis, i. 206

Urbana, i. 468
della Vale, ii. 185
dei Vascellari, ii. 369
delle Vergine, i. 103
S. Vitale, i. 435, 466
della Vite, i. 74
Vittoria, i. 64
Vicus, Corneliorum, i. 436;
Cyprius, ii. 49
Vigna, Codini, i. 386
dei Gesuiti, i. 368
Marancia, i. 389
Vignola, works of, ii. 418, 421
Villas—
Albani, ii. 17
Altieri, ii. 132
Borghese, ii. 411
of Claude Lorraine, ii. 419
of Commodus, i. 427
Doria, ii. 454
Esmeade, ii. 417
Farnesina, ii. 446
of the Gordians, ii. 133
Lante, ii. 452
Lezzani, ii. 25
List of most important, i. 32
of Livia, ii. 423
of Lucius Verus, ii. 135
Ludovisi, ii. 13
Madama, ii. 426
Massimo Arsoli, ii. 122
Negroni, ii. 35
Rignano, ii. 12
Mattei, i. 332
Medici, i. 49
Mellini, ii. 427
Mills, i. 304, 311
Negroni, i. 473
Olgiati, once of Raphael, ii. 416
Palombara, ii. 74
Pamfili Doria, ii. 454
of Papa Giulio, ii. 418
Patrizi, ii. 25
of the Servilii, ii. 124
Spada, ii. 20
Torlonia, ii. 26
Triopio, i. 414
Wolkonski, ii. 123
Viminal Hill, i. 433, 466
Vinci, Leonardo da, remarkable works of, i. 83; ii. 437
Virgin, one of the earliest representations of the, ii. 21;
first church dedicated to, ii. 382
Volterra, Daniele da, the masterpiece of, i. 52
Vulcanal, site of the, i. 171
W.
Walls—
Aurelian, i. 385
of Romulus, i. 305
Servius Tullius, 368
Wine of the Vatican, ii. 430
Z.
Zucchero, T., tomb of, ii. 210

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The following typographical error were corrected by the etext transcriber:
Palmegiani, 66 Piazzi di Spagna=>Palmegiani, 66 Piazza di Spagna
putatur is esse constitutus È marmore=>putatur is esse constitutus ex marmore
with vaulted cielings and beautiful frescoes=>with vaulted ceilings and beautiful frescoes
after his truimph for his=>after his triumph for his
la mÉmoire du frÈre quil avait=>la mÉmoire du frÈre qu'il avait
Madame de Stael=>Madame de StaËl
cet egard du pauvre Capucin=>cet Égard du pauvre Capucin
qui ne connÂi de l'histoire des=>qui ne connÂit de l'histoire des
dÉpuis les thermes de=>depuis les thermes de
Before he came to reside here he had been miracuously=>Before he came to reside here he had been miraculously
St. Cyprian and Justinian=>SS. Cyprian and Justinian
The interior of S. Sabba is in the basilica form=>The interior of St. Sabba is in the basilica form
Roma Sotteranea=>Roma Sotterranea
Il fut alors sollicite intÉrieurement=>Il fut alors sollicitÉ intÉrieurement
litanies autour de ce tableau."—Stendal.=>litanies autour de ce tableau."—Stendhal.
se prÉcipita dons ses bras,=>se prÉcipita dans ses bras,
good terrra-cotta mouldings=>good terra-cotta mouldings
la visage sÉrieux=>le visage sÉrieux
On y voit une femme endormie dont l'attidude=>On y voit une femme endormie dont l'attitude
eyes in the rotonda of the Vatican=>eyes in the rotunda of the Vatican
Île a ÉtÉ entrainÉe par la violence=>Île a ÉtÉ entraÎnÉe par la violence
construire le palais Pamphili, a crÉer la villa Pamphili, et a pamphiliser=>construire le palais Pamphili, À crÉer la villa Pamphili, et À pamphiliser
S. Pancrado, ii. 452=>S. Pancrazio, ii. 452

[1] Dionysius, xii. 8.

[2] Livy, v. 13.

[3] Observe.—Here and elsewhere the arms of the Della Rovere—an oak-tree. Robur, an oak,—hence Rovere.

[4] The beautiful 15th century altar of four virgin saints at S. Cosimato in Trastevere, is said to have been brought from this chapel.

[5] All authorities agree that this beautiful portrait is not the work of Raphael. Kugler also denies that it is the likeness of CÆsar Borgia.

[6] See Kugler, ii. 449.

[7] Of the many Handbooks for Italy which have appeared, perhaps that of Du Pays (in one volume) is the most comprehensive, and—as far as its very condensed form allows—much the most interesting.

[8] See Trollope's Life of Vittoria Colonna.

[9] See "Un Figliuol' di Maria, ossia un Nuovo nostro Fratello," edited by the Baron di Bussiere. 1842.

[10] It is more worth while to visit the Palazzo Chigi at Lariccia, near Albano, which retains its stamped leather hangings, and much of its old furniture. Here may be seen, assembled in one room, the portraits of the twelve nieces of Alexander VII., who were so enchanted when their uncle was made pope, that they all took the veil immediately to please him!

[11] This Gallery has been closed since the Sardinian occupation.

[12] So called from the Jesuit father of that name, who lived in the 17th century.

[13] Galat. ii. 7.

[14] Philipp. iv. 22.

[15] 2 Timothy i. 16

[16] Philemon 23.

[17] Philipp. ii. 22.

[18] Kugler.

[19] Varro, De Ling. Lat. v. 42.

[20] Smith's Roman Mythology.

[21] Vitruvius, iv. 7, 1.

[22] Pliny, xxxv. 12.

[23] Pliny, vii. 39.

[24] Livy, vii. 3.

[25] Pliny, xxxiii. 18.

[26] Pliny, xxxvi. 5.

[27] Tacitus, Hist. iii. 74.

[28] Tacitus, Hist. iv. 53.

[29] Zosimus, lib. v. c. 38.

[30] Valerius Maximus, ii. 3. 3.

[31] Vitruvius, iii. 2, 5; Propertius, iv. 11, 45; Cic. pro Planc. 32.

[32] Livy, vi. 20.

[33] Livy, v. 48.

[34] Velleius Paterc. ii. 3.

[35] See Merivale, Hist. of the Romans, vol. vi.

[36] Dyer's Rome, 407, 408, 409.

[37] AmpÈre, Emp. i. 22.

[38] When 400 houses and three or four churches were levelled to the ground to make a road for his triumphal approach.—Rabelais, Lettre viii. p. 21.

[39] Dyer's City of Rome, p. 379.

[40] R, right; L, left.

[41] The statue of Leo X. is interesting as having been erected to this popular art-loving pope in his lifetime. It is inscribed—"Optimi liberalissimique pontificis memoriÆ."

[42] Plin. Nat Hist xxix. 14, I; Plut. Fort. Rom. 12.

[43] Hist. Rom. i. 382.

[44] The "Dies IrÆ," by Tommaso di Celano, of the fourteenth century.

[45] "Per gradus qui sunt super Calpurnium fornicem."

[46] Paradiso, canto xii.

[47] Hist. Rome.

[48] "Est locus in carcere quod Tullianum appellatur, ubi paululum descenderis ad lÆvam, circiter duodecim pedes humi depressus. Eum muniunt undique parietes, atque insuper camera lapideis fornicibus vincta; sed incultu, tenebris, odore foeda. atque terribilis ejus facies."—Sall. Catil. lv.

[49] See AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. ii. 31.

[50] This story is most picturesquely told by Dante. Purg. x. 72.

[51] Ovid, Fasti, v. 575, 699.

[52] Statius, i. 6. Livy, vii. 6.

[53] Livy, vii. 6. Varr. iv. 32.

[54] Pliny, xv. 18.

[55] Suetonius, Aug. 22.

[56] Cicero de Off. ii. 25.

[57] Livy, iii. 48.

[58] Pliny, xv. 29.

[59] Vitruvius, iii.

[60] AmpÈre, Emp. ii. 233.

[61] Josephus, vii. 37.

[62] Pliny, xxxvi. 7.

[63] See Percy's Romanism.

[64] See the whole question of Simon Magus discussed in Waterworth's "England and Rome."

[65] Prudentius contra Symmac. i. 1, 25.

[66] Dion Cassius, lxvi. 15.

[67] S. Buonaventura is perhaps best known to the existing Christian world as the author of the beautiful hymn, "Recordare sanctÆ crucis."

[68] Varro, de R. Rust i. 2, and iii. 16.

[69] See Poggio, De Vanitate FortunÆ.

[70] This inscription, found in the catacomb of S. Agnese, runs:

"Sic prÆmia servas Vespasiane dire
Premiatus es morte Gaudenti letare
Civitatis ubi gloriÆ tuÆ autori,
Promisit iste Kristus omnia tibi
QuÏ alium paravit theatrum in coelo."

[71] See Hemans' Catholic Italy.

[72] A work has been published by S. Deakin on the Flora of the Coliseum. This was very remarkable, but has greatly suffered during the so-called cleansing of the building by the Italian government in 1871.

[73] Quamdiu stat ColysÆus, stabit et Roma; quando cadet ColysÆus, cadet Roma; quando cadet Roma, cadet et mundus.

[74] See AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. ii. 289—292.

[75] "Quis a signo Vertumni in circum maximum venit, quin is unoquoque gradu de avaritia tua commoneretur? quam tu viam tensarum atque pompÆ ejus modi exegisti, ut tu ipse ire non audeas."—In Verrem, i. 59.

[76] Varro, de Ling. Lat. v. 44. See AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. ii. 32.

[77] Varro, de Ling. Lat. iv. 8.

[78] "There is no doubt that many of the amusements, still more many of the religious practices now popular in this capital, may be traced to sources in Pagan antiquity. The game of morra, played with the fingers (the micare digitis of the ancients); the rural feasting before the chapel of the Madonna del divino Amore on Whit Monday; the revelry and dancing sub diu for the whole night on the Vigil of St. John, (a scene on the Lateran piazza, riotous, grotesque, but not licentious); the divining by dreams to obtain numbers for the lottery; hanging ex voto pictures in churches to commemorate escapes from danger or recovery from illness; the offering of jewels, watches, weapons, &c., to the Madonna; the adorning and dressing of sacred images, sometimes for particular days; throwing flowers on the Madonna's figure when borne in processions (as used to be honoured the image, or stone, of Cybele); burning lights before images on the highways; paying special honour to sacred pictures, under the notion of their having moved their eyes; or to others, under the idea of their supernatural origin—made without hands; wearing effigies or symbols as amulets (thus Sylla wore, and used to invoke, a little golden Apollo hung round his neck); suspending flowers to shrines and tombs; besides other uses, in themselves blameless and beautiful, nor, even if objectionable, to be regarded as the genuine reflex of what is dogmatically taught by the Church. This enduring shadow thrown by Pagan over Christian Rome is, however, a remarkable feature in the story of that power whose eminence in ruling and influencing was so wonderfully sustained, nor destined to become extinct after empire had departed from the Seven Hills."—Hemans' Monuments of Rome.

[79] Made to flow with wine under Heliogabalus.

[80] Pliny, xxxiv. 2.

[81] Livy, xxi. 62.

[82] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. i.

[83] Dyer, 104.

[84] Livy, v. 40.

[85] Dion Cassius, lxiii. 21.

[86] AmpÈre, iii. 48.

[87] Vitruvius, iii. 3.

[88] Fasti, i. 515.

[89] Plin. H. N. vii. 36; Val. Max. v. 4—7; Festus, p. 609.

[90] Beatrice and Lucrezia Cenci were imprisoned in the Corte Savella, and led thence to execution.

[91] See the account of the Basilica of St. Lorenzo fuori Mura.

[92] See Ch. IV.

[93] See Dyer's City of Rome.

[94] Sat. iii.

[95] Sat. xvi.

[96] See Dr. Philip's article on "The Jews in Rome."

[97] This account is much abridged from the interesting translation in Whiteside's "Italy in the Nineteenth Century," from "Beatrice Cenci Romana, Storia del Secolo xvi. Raccontata dal D. A. A. Firenze."

[98] Livy, iv. 16; xxxviii. 28.

[99] Merivale, Hist. of Romans under the Empire, chap. xl.

[100] Merivale, chap. xl.

[101] Sueton. Aug. 72.

[102] Livy, i. 41.

[103] Livy, i. 41.

[104] The palace of Numa was close to the Temple of Vesta; that of Tullus Hostilius was on the Coelian; those of Servius Tullius and Tarquinius Superbus on the Esquiline.

[105] Dionysius, ii. 50; Livy, i. 12.

[106] Varr, iv. 8.

[107] Vell. Paterc. ii. 81.

[108] Tac. Ann. xi. 2.

[109] Dion Cassius mentions that the ceilings of Halls of Justice in the Palatine were painted by Severus to represent the starry sky. The old Roman practice was for the magistrate to sit under the open sky, which probably suggested this kind of ceiling.

[110] Ann, iv. 54.

[111] Tac. Ann. xiii. 18; Suet. Ner. 33; Dion. lxi. 7.

[112] See Gibbon, i. 133.

[113] Tacitus, Hist. i. 77; Suet. Vitell. 15.

[114] Merivale, ch. xlv.

[115] Suet. Cal. 22.

[116] Suet. Claud. 10. "Prorepsit ad solarium proximum, interque prÆtenta foribus vela se abdidit." The solarium was the external terraced portico, and this still remains.

[117] Tac. Ann. xi. 37, 38; Dion. lx. 31; Suet. Claud. 39.

[118] Tac. Ann. xii. 67; Suet Claud. 44.

[119] Dionysius, i. 32; Livy, xxix. 14.

[120] Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome.

[121] Ep. i. 70.

[122] Festus, 340, 348.

[123] Suet. Tib. 47; Cal. 21, 22; Tac. Ann. vi. 45.

[124] De re Rust, iii. 5.

[125] Pliny, xxxvi. 2.

[126] See Smith's Dict. of Roman Biography.

[127] Plin. H. N. xvii. 1.

[128] ix. 1, 4.

[129] Suet. Nero, 2.

[130] Smith's Dict. of Roman Biography.

[131] Tollam altius tectum, non ut ego te despiciam, sed ne tu aspicias urbem eam, quam delere voluisti.—De Harusp. Res. 15.

[132] Cic. pro Dom. ad Pont. 42.

[133] See AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. iv. 528.

[134] Dion Cass. liiii. 27.

[135] Dyer, p. 143.

[136] Pro Quinet. 1, 2, 22, 24, 26.

[137] Pro Verr. i. 14, 39.

[138] Ad Att. vi. 6.

[139] Macrob. Saturn, ii. 9.

[140] Varr. R. R. iii. 17; Pliny, H. N. ix. 55.

[141] Suet. Aug. 72.

[142] Plut. Romul. xi.

[143] Tac. Ann. xii. 24.

[144] Prell. R. Myth. 456.

[145] Cic. de Div. i. 45; Livy, v. 32.

[146] Plut. Rom. Sol. 2.

[147] Cic. Brut. 34.

[148] Padre Garucci, S. J., has published an exhaustive monograph on this now celebrated "Graffito Blasphemo." Roma, 1857.

[149] The Palace of Nero is described in Tacitus, Ann. xv. 42, and Suetonius, Ner. 31.

[150] Septimius Severus was born A.D. 146, near Leptis in Africa. Statius addresses a poem to one of his ancestors, Sept. Severus of Leptis.

[151] Martial, xii. Ep. 75.

[152] Dion Cass. Commod.

[153] Lamprid. Elagab. 8.

[154] Cassiod. vii. 5.

[155] Dyer's Rome, p. 222.

[156] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. iv. 460.

[157] Trebellius Pollio.

[158] Gibbon, v. 1.

[159] S. Filippo Neri.

[160] Mrs. Jameson.

[161] Montalembert, Moines d'Occident.

[162] Milman's Latin Christianity, vol. II.

[163] Rome possesses at least eight fine modern statues of saints:—besides those of Sta. Silvia and St. Gregory, are the Sta. Agnese of Algardi, the Sta. Bibiana of Bernini, the Sta. Cecilia of Moderno, the Sta. Susanna of Quesnoy, the Sta. Martina of Menghino, and the S. Bruno of Houdon.

[164] See Roma Sotterranea, p. 106.

[165] "Deus, qui sanctum Joannem confessorem tuum perfectÆ suÆ abnegationis, et crucis amatorem eximium efficisti, concede; ut ejus imitationi jugiter inhÆrentes, gloriam assequamur Æternam."—Collect of St. John of the Cross, Roman Vesper-Book.

[166] A square nimbus indicates that a portrait was executed before, a round after the death of the person represented.

[167] See Emile Braun—the building of the Macellum is described by Dion Cassius, xi. 18; Notitia, Reg. ii.

[168] Best known by his comic pictures in the Uffizi at Florence.

[169] Virg. Æn. viii. 104, 108, 216; Ov. Fast. i. 551.

[170] Ov. Fast. v. 149.

[171] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. i. 79.

[172] Varro, iv. 7.

[173] Livy, i, 20.

[174] Ovid, Fast. iii. 295.

[175] "Onions, hair, and pilchards."—See Plutarch's Life of Numa.

[176] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. i. 427.

[177] Dionysius, iii. 43.

[178] Ovid, Fast. v. 293.

[179] Fast. iii 883.

[180] Ovid, Trist. iii. 71.

[181] See the account of the Ch. of Sta. Francesca Romana, Chap. iv.

[182] Livy, v. 22.

[183] Ovid, Fast. vi. 727.

[184] Martial, x. Ep. 56.

[185] Propert. iv. El. 9.

[186] Mart. vi. Ep. 64.

[187] There is a beautiful picture of Sta. Sabina by Vivarini of Murano, in St. Zacharia at Venice.

[188] Hemans' Monuments in Rome.

[189] Commemorated in the beautiful Memoir of "A Dominican Artist" (Rivingtons, 1872).

[190] Some antiquaries attribute them to the wall of the Aventine, built by Ancus Martius. The arch, of course, is an addition.

[191] Hemans' Story of Monuments in Rome, ii. 228.

[192] Livy, i. 10.

[193] Livy, xxvii. 25; xxix. 11.

[194] Hemans' MediÆval Sacred Art.

[195] This bust has been supposed to represent the poet Ennius, the friend of Scipio Africanus, because his last request was that he might be buried by his side. Even in the time of Cicero, Ennius was believed to be buried in the tomb of the Scipios. "Carus fuit Africano superiori noster Ennius: itaque etiam in sepulchro Scipionum putatur is esse constitutus ex marmore."—Cic. Orat. pro Arch. Poeta.

[196] Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome.

[197] Coppi, Memorie Colonnesi, p. 342.

[198] See Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome, p. 85.

[199] Ibid. p. 97.

[200] Ibid. p. 122.

[201] This story is told by St. Ambrose.

[202] This story is represented in one of the ancient tapestries in the cathedral of Anagni.

[203] Amm. Marcell. lib. xxvii. c.

[204] Roma Sotterranea, p. 130.

[205] Roma Sotterranea, p. 177.

[206] Roma Sotterranea, p. 97.

[207] St. Melchiades, buried in another part of the catacomb, who lived long in peace after the persecution had ceased.

[208] Hippolytus, Adrias, Marca, Neo, Paulina, and others.

[209] St. Damasus was buried in the chapel above the entrance.

[210] "A more striking commentary on the divine promise, 'The Lord keepeth all the bones of his servants: He will not lose one of them' (Ps. xxxiii. 24), it would be difficult to conceive."—Roma Sotterranea.

[211] Roma Sotterranea, p. 180.

[212] Alban Butler, viii. 204.

[213] Roma Sotterranea, p. 182.

[214] Roma Sotterranea, p. 242.

[215] Roma Sotterranea, p. 247.

[216] Lord Lindsay's Christian Art, i. 46.

[217] Alban Butler, viii. 148.

[218] Lib. Pont.

[219] Now Santa Maria, an island near Gaieta.

[220] Alban Butler, v. 205.

[221] Alban Butler, v. 205.

[222] For these and many other particulars, see an interesting lecture by Mr. Shakespere Wood, on "The Fountain of Egeria," given before the Roman ArchÆological Society.

[223] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. iv. 402.

[224] Merivale, Romans under the Empire, ch. xi.

[225] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. i. 141

[226] Dionysius, ii. 63.

[227] Ovid, Met. xiv. 452, 453.

[228] Dyer's Rome, p. 95.

[229] Pliny, Hist. Nat. xv. 35, 2.

[230] Dion Cass. liv.

[231] "De CÆsare vicino scripseram ad te, quia cognoram ex tuis literis, eum s???a??, Quirino malo, quam Saluti." Ad Att. xii. 45.

[232] Vespasian had a brother named Sabinus; his son's name recalls that of Titus Tatius.

[233] "Deus, qui inter cÆtera sapientiÆ tuÆ miracula etiam in tenera Ætate maturÆ sanctitatis gratiam contulisti; da, quÆsumus, ut beati Stanislai exemplo, tempus, instanter operando, redimentes, in Æternam ingredi requiem festinemus."—Collect of St. S. Kostka, Roman Vesper-Book.

[234] Cardinal Wiseman's Life of Pius VII.

[235] By this same master is the interesting fresco of Sixtus IV. and his nephews—now in the Vatican gallery.

[236] The body of this saint is said to repose at S. Lorenzo fuori Mura; his head is at the Quirinal; at S. Lorenzo in Lucina his gridiron and chains are shown.

[237] Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art.

[238] Roma Christiana.

[239] Dyer, p. 94.

[240] "At Rome, Selvaggi made a Latin distich in honour of Milton, and Salsilli a Latin tetrastich, celebrating him for his Greek, Latin, and Italian poetry; and he in return presented to Salsilli in his sickness those fine Scazons or Iambic verses having a spondee in the last foot, which are inserted among his juvenile poems. From Rome he went to Naples."—Newton.

[241] A holy hermit of Scete, who died 391.

[242] See Roma Sotterranea, p. 174.

[243] Une ChrÉtienne À Rome.

[244] The reasons for this belief are given in "The Roman Catacombs of Northcote," p. 78.

[245] The bodies were removed to Sta. Sabina in the fifth century by Celestine I.

[246] Cramer's Ancient Italy, i. 389.

[247] Cic. Phil. ix. 7. See Dyer's Rome, p. 215.

[248] Sat i. 8, 15.

[249] See Hemans' Catholic Italy, Part I.

[250] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. i. 38.

[251] Varro, de Ling. Lat. iv. 8.

[252] Fest. v. Septimone.

[253] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. i. 65.

[254] Fest. p. 297.

[255] Cicero pro doma sua, 38; Dionysius, viii. 79; Livy, ii. 41.

[256] See Dyer's City of Rome, p. 65. The Acts of the Martyrs mention that several Christians suffered "In tellure."

[257] See AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. iv. 421.

[258] See AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. iv. 431.

[259] Liv. i. 26; Dionysius, iii. 22.

[260] Merivale, Romans under the Empire, ch. liii.

[261] "Des huit figures ÉbauchÉes il y en a deux aujourd'hui au musÉe du Louvre (les deux esclaves). Lorsque Michel-Ange eut renoncÉ À son plan primitif il en fit don À Roberto Strozzi. Des mains de Strozzi elles passÈrent dans celles de FranÇois 1^er, et puis dans celles du connÉtable de Montmorency, qui les plaÇa À son chÂteau d'Ecouen, d'oÙ elles sont venues au Louvre. Quatre autres prisonniers sont placÉs dans la grotte de Buontalenti au jardin du Palais Pitti, À Florence. Un groupe, reprÉsentant une figure virile en terrassant une seconde, se voit aujourd'hui dans la grande salle del Cinquecento, au Palais vieux de Florence, oÙ elle fut placÉ par CÔsme 1^er."—F. Sabatier.

[262] The wife of Oswy, king of Northumberland received a golden key containing filings of the chains from Pope Vitalianus, in the sixth century.

[263] Acts xii. II.

[264] Hist. Rom. i. 464.

[265] "Ciampini gives an engraving of this figure without the key: a detail, therefore, to be ascribed to restorers:—surely neither justifiable nor judicious."—Hemans.

[266] With a square nimbus, denoting execution in his lifetime, as at Sta. Cecilia and Sta. Maria in Navicella.

[267] See Hemans' Catholic Italy.

[268] Croiret, Vie des Saints.

[269] I. 26.

[270] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. iii. 177.

[271] It was found in the gardens of the convent of Sta. Maria sopra Minerva

[272] This pagan benediction of the animals is represented in a bas-relief in the Vatican (Museo Pio-Clementino, 157). A peasant bearing two ducks as his offering, brings his cow to be blessed by a priest at the door of a chapel, and the priest delaying to come forth, a calf drinks up the holy water. Ovid describes how he took part in the feast of Pales, and sprinkled the cattle with a laurel bough. (Fasti, iv. 728.)

[273] His flat tombstone is in the centre of the nave.

[274] This story is the subject of two of Murillo's most beautiful pictures in the Academy at Madrid. The first represents the vision of the Virgin to John and his wife,—in the second they tell what they have seen to Pope Liberius.

[275] This mosaic will bring to mind the beautiful lines of Dante:—

"L'amor che mosse giÀ l'eterno padre
Per figlia aver di sua Deita trina
Costei che fu del figlio suo poi madre
Dell' universo qui fa la regina."

[276] See Sta. Dorothea, ch. xvii.

[277] St. Venantius was a child martyred at Camerino, under Decius, in 250. Pope Clement X., who had been bishop of Camerino, had a peculiar veneration for this saint.

[278] This figure of the Virgin is of great interest, as introducing the Greek classical type under which she is so often afterwards represented in Latin art.

[279] It was near the Lateran, on the site of the gardens of Plautius Lateranus, that the famous statues of the Niobedes, attributed to Scopus, now at Florence, were found. The fine tomb of the Plautii is a striking object on the road to Tivoli.

[280] See Sta. Pudenziana, ch. x.

[281] These columns are mentioned in the thirteenth century list of Lateran relics, which says that all the relics of the Temple at Jerusalem brought by Titus, were preserved at the Lateran.

[282] There is a curious mosaic portrait of Clement XII. in the Palazzo Corsini.

[283] Sergius III. ob. 911; Agapetus II. ob. 956; John XII. ob. 964; Sylvester II. ob. 1003; John XVIII. ob. 1009; Alexander II. ob. 1073; Pascal II. ob. 1118; Calixtus II. ob. 1124; Honorius II. ob. 1140; Celestine II. ob. 1143; Lucius II. ob. 1145; Anastasius IV. ob. 1154; Alexander III. ob. 1159; Clement III. ob. 1191; Celestine III. ob. 1198; Innocent V. ob. 1276—were buried at St. John Lateran, besides those later popes whose tombs still exist.

[284] "Ces monuments, consacrÉs par la tradition, n'ont pas ÉtÉ jugÉs cependant assez authentiques pour Être solennellement exposÉs a la vÉnÉration des fidÈles."—Gournerie.

[285] Sta. Helena is claimed as an English saint, and all the best authorities allow that she was born in England,—according to Gibbon, at York—according to others, at Colchester, which town bears as its arms a cross between three crowns, in allusion to this claim. Some say that she was an innkeeper's daughter, others that her father was a powerful British prince, Coilus or Coel.

[286] Emp. ii. 43.

[287] The existence of this inscription makes the destruction of this catacomb under Pius IX. the more extraordinary.

[288] Dyer's Rome, 70.

[289] AmpÈre, Hist. ii. 10.

[290] AmpÈre, Emp. i. 184.

[291] Pliny, H. N. xxxv. 37, 2; and 49, 4.

[292] Dyer, 111.

[293] Dyer, 211.

[294] It was close to this temple of Hercules that the bodies of Sta. Symphorosa and her seven sons, martyred under Hadrian ("the seven Biothanati"), were buried by order of the emperor. Sta. Symphorosa herself had been hung up here by her hair, before being drowned in the Tiber.

[295] Dyer, 113, 115.

[296] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. iii. 198.

[297] Dyer, 115.

[298] Dyer, 115, 116.

[299] Pliny, H. N. xxxvi. 15, 24.

[300] So called from a fountain adorned with the figure of a sow, which once existed here.

[301] "Here rests Hadrian, who found his greatest misfortune in being obliged to command."

[302] There is a chapel dedicated to St. Bridget in S. Paolo fuori Mura. Sion House, in England, was a famous convent of the Brigittines.

[303] See Penny CyclopÆdia, and Lewes's Hist. of Philosophy.

[304] Shakespeare, Julius CÆsar, act iii. sc. 2.

[305] So called from a slight hollow, scarcely now perceptible, left by a reservoir made by Agrippa for the public benefit, and used by Nero in his fÊtes.

[306] The story of St. Agnes is told by St. Jerome.

[307] Donna Olympia soon after died of the plague at her villa near Viterbo.

[308] "Les maisons de la Place Navone sont assises sur la base des anciens gradins du cirque de Domitien. Sous ces gradins Étaient les voÛtes habitÉes par des femmes perdues."—AmpÈre, Emp. ii. 137.

[309] A corruption of "Epiphania"—Epiphany.

[310]

"Living, great nature feared he might outvie
Her works; and, dying, fears herself to die."
Pope's Translation (without acknowledgment) in
his Epitaph on Sir Godfrey Kneller.

[311] Raphael lay in state beneath his last great work, the Transfiguration.

[312] See Gregorovius, Grabmaler der Papste.

[313] Author of the "Rationale Divinorum Officiorum"—"A treasure of information on all points connected with the decorations and services of the mediÆval church. Durandus was born in Provence about 1220, and died in 1290 at Rome."—Lord Lindsay.

[314] It is no honour to me to be like another Apelles, but rather, O Christ, that I gave all my gains to thy poor. One was a work for earth, the other for heaven—a city, the flower of Etruria, bare me, John.

[315] That part of the ancient Campus Martius which contains the Theatre of Marcellus and Portico of Octavia, is described in Chapter V.; that which belongs to the Via Flaminia in Chapter II.

[316] Vasari, v.

[317] A scholar of Bronzino.

[318] See Vasari, vol. vii.

[319] It is interesting to observe that the same vision was seen under the same circumstances in other periods of history.

"So the Lord sent pestilence upon Israel, and there fell of Israel seventy thousand men. And God sent an angel to Jerusalem to destroy it ... and David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the Lord stand between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem."—1 Chron. xxi. 14—16.

"Before the plague of London had begun (otherwise than in St. Giles's), seeing a crowd of people in the street, I joined them to satisfy my curiosity, and found them all staring up into the air, to see what a woman told them appeared plain to her. This was an angel clothed in white, with a fiery sword in his hand, waving it, or brandishing it over his head: she described every part of the figure to the life, and showed them the motion and the form."—Defoe, Hist. of the Plague.

[320] The pictures at Ara Coeli and Sta. Maria Maggiore both claim to be that carried by St. Gregory in this procession. The song of the angels is annually commemorated on St. Mark's Day, when the clergy pass by in procession to St. Peter's; and the Franciscans of Ara Coeli and the canons of Sta. Maria Maggiore, halting here, chaunt the antiphon, Regina coeli, lÆtare.

[321] Hemans' Story of Monuments in Rome.

[322] "Deus, qui apostolo tuo Petro collatis clavibus regni celestis ligandi et solvendi pontificium tradidisti; concede ut intercessionis ejus auxilio, a peccatorum nostrorum legibus liberemur: et hanc civitatem, quam te adjuvante fundavimus, fac ab ira tua in perpetuum permanere securam, et de hostibus, quorum causa constructa est, novos et multiplicatos habere triumphos, per Dominum nostrum," &c.

[323] The same whom Alexander VI. had intended to poison, when he poisoned himself instead.

[324] At the time of its erection Sixtus V. conceded an indulgence of ten years to all who, passing beneath the obelisk, should adore the cross on its summit, repeating a pater-noster.

[325] The inscription is from Isaiah iv. 6, "A tabernacle for a shadow in the daytime from the heat, and for a place of refuge, and for a covert from storm and from rain."

[326] It may not be uninteresting to give the actual words of the benediction:—

"May the holy apostles Peter and Paul, in whose power and dominion we trust, pray for us to the Lord! Amen.

"Through the prayers and merits of the blessed, eternal Virgin Mary, of the blessed archangel Michael, the blessed John the Baptist, the holy apostles Peter and Paul, and all saints—may the Almighty God have mercy upon you, may your sins be forgiven you, and may Jesus Christ lead you to eternal life. Amen.

"Indulgence, absolution, and forgiveness of all sins—time for true repentance, a continual penitent heart and amendment of life,—may the Almighty and merciful God grant you these! Amen.

"And may the blessing of Almighty God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, descend upon you, and remain with you for ever. Amen."

[327] "Exuens se chlamyde, et accipiens bidentem, ipse primus terram aperuit ad fundamenta basilicÆ Sancti Petri continendam; deinde in numero duodecim apostolorum duodecim cophinos plenos in humeris superimpositos bajulano, de eo loco ubi fundamenta BasilicÆ Apostoli erant jacenda."—Cod. Vat. 7. Sancta CÆcil. 2.

[328] The faÇade of the old basilica is seen in Raphael's fresco of the Incendio del Borgo, and its interior in that of the Coronation of Charlemagne.

[329] See Fergusson's Handbook of Architecture, vol. ii.

[330] As in the portico of the temple of Mars were preserved the verses of the poet Attius upon Junius Brutus.

[331] These letters are in real mosaic. Those in the nave and transepts are in paper—to complete them in mosaic would have been too expensive.

[332] Innocent sent two bishops to receive it at Ancona, two cardinals to receive it at Narni, and went himself, with all his court, to meet it at the Porto del Popolo.

[333] Eaton's Rome.

[334] Gregorovius, GrabmÄler der PÄpste.

[335] There is a fine portrait of Urban VIII. by Pietro da Cortona, in the Capitol gallery.

[336] See Vasari, vi. 265.

[337] This mosaic occupied ten men constantly for nine years, and cost 60,000 francs.

[338] Gregorovius.

[339] He had been bishop of St. Alban's, and a missionary for the conversion of Norway.

[340] The principal authorities for the fact of St. Peter's being at Rome—so often denied by ultra-protestants—are: St. Jerome, Catalogus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum, in Petro; Tertullian, de Prescriptionibus, c. xxxvi.; and Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica, lib. ii. cap. xxiv.

[341] See Hemans' Catholic Italy, vol. i.

[342] See Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome, p. 358.

[343] Pliny, xxxv. 15.

[344] Tac. Ann. xv. 44.

[345] In the Campo-Santo of Pisa.

[346] Fifteen Psalms are sung before the Miserere begins, and one light is extinguished for each—the Psalms being represented by fifteen candles.

[347] See the account of the "Tombs of the Scipios" in Chapter IX.

[348] Who is buried by the altar of S. Pietro in Vincoli.

[349] Gournerie, Rome ChrÉtienne, ii. 62.

[350] For a detailed account of this collection, see Dennis' "Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria," whence many of the quotations above are taken; also Mrs. Hamilton Gray's "Sepulchres of Etruria."

[351] Vasari calls it Palazzo nel Bosco del Belvedere.

[352] "This is perhaps the grandest of the whole series. Here the Almighty is seen rending like a thunderbolt the thick shroud of fiery clouds, letting in that light under which his works were to spring into life."—Lady Eastlake.

[353] The candle is ingeniously made crooked in the socket, not to interfere with the lines of the architecture, while the flame is straight.

[354] "According to the 'Spiritual Meadow' of John Moschus, who died A.D. 620, the lion is said to have pined away after Jerome's death, and to have died at last on his grave."

[355] See Stefano Infessura, Rev. Ital. Script, tom. iii.

[356] Corio, 1st mil. p. 876.

[357] AmpÈre, i. 436.

[358] See Hemans' Monuments in Rome.

[359] Piranesi's engraving shows that a hundred years ago there existed, in addition, a colossal bust, and a hand holding the serpent-twined rod of Æsculapius.

[360] Wordsworth.

[361] Hemans' Monuments in Rome.

[362] See the Acts of the Martyrs St. Hippolytus and St. Adrian, and the Acts of St. Calepodius, quoted by Canina, R. Aut. p. 584.

[363] Plautus, Capt. i. I, 22.

[364] See the Epistle of St Denis, the Areopagite, to Timothy.

[365] The accounts of the apostle's death vary greatly: "St. Prudentius says that both St. Peter and St. Paul suffered together in the same field, near a swampy ground, on the banks of the Tiber. Some say St. Peter suffered on the same day of the month, but a year before St. Paul. But Eusebius, St. Epiphanius, and most others, affirm that they suffered the same year, and on the 29th of June."—Alban Butler.

[366] It is under the shadow of S. Paolo that Cervantes ("Wanderings of Persiles and Sigismunda") places the scene of the death of Periander.

[367] Mrs. Jameson.

[368] Among the most interesting of the objects lost in the fire were the bronze gates ordered by Hildebrand (afterwards Gregory VII.) when legate at Constantinople, for Pantaleone Castelli, in 1070, and adorned with fifty-four scriptural compositions, wrought in silver thread.

[369] This picture is now called the Nuptials of Vertumnus and Pomona.

[370] TurrigerÆ AntemnÆ.—Virg. Æn. vii. 631.

[371]

—— Antemnaque prisco
Crustumio prior.

[372] The other two were CÆcina and Crustumium.

[373] See Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome.

[374] Masses of reddish rock of volcanic tufa are still to be seen here, breaking through the soil of the Campagna.

[375] Built by Mario Mellini in the fifteenth century.

[376] Martial, Ep. x. 45, 5.

[377] Martial, Ep. vi. 92, 3.

[378] Fast. i. 246.

[379] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. i. 227.

[380] Niebuhr, i. 240.

[381] Arnold, Hist. vol. i.

[382] AmpÈre, Hist. Rom. i. 389.

[383] Niebuhr, i. 353.

[384] Hemans.

[385] See Thiers' History of the French Revolution.

[386] It has been supposed that the beautiful silver vase which is shown in the Corsini Palace, and which was picked up in the Tiber, belonged to this plate.

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