The following questions cover the principles of combat in open warfare. These principles have been supplemented rather than changed in the light of experience since 1914. In their original form, as given in this book, they still may be considered as fundamental. Compare them carefully with the treatment of the same topics in the larger works recommended. The questions are shaped to cover the topics supplemented.

1.—What is the difference between "trench warfare" and "open warfare"?

2.—What is meant by the "combat"?

3.—What are the two phases of the combat?

4.—What is the distinction between "the approach" and the "attack"?

5.—Why is maneuvering impossible under infantry fire?

6.—What is the purpose of the approach?

7.—How are orders issued?

8.—How is liaison secured?

9.—What were the original functions of combat patrols?

10.—When should close order be abandoned for deployment?

11.—At what distance from the enemy does deployment become imperative?

12.—What is the last formation to escape direct observation?

13.—What precautions may be taken against aeroplane observations?

14.—What is the difference between a registering fire and fire for effect?

15.—How may the German registering fire be recognized?

16.—What precaution may be taken against it and why is it effective?

17.—What preliminaries are necessary to open fire for effect?

18.—What is an easy way to recognize whether fire for effect may be expected?

19.—What five cases of fire may be distinguished?

20.—What is the burst area of a shrapnel shell?

21.—What is the safest protective formation against shrapnel?

22.—What is the difference between a shrapnel shell, a time-fuse high explosive shell and a percussion high explosive shell?

23.—What is the burst area of a time-fuse high explosive shell?

24.—What is the safest protective formation against it?

25.—What is the burst area of percussion high explosive shells, and what precautions can be taken against them?

26.—What is the safest protective formation against all types of shells?

27.—What objections may it be open to?

28.—What is the safest way and direction to go when under artillery fire?

29.—Why should small woods be avoided?

30.—In large woods, what precautions must be taken to secure a steady advance?

31.—How should the exit from a wood be made?

32.—Describe method of crossing a crest.

33.—What are good protective formations against cavalry and how is it repulsed?

34.—What elements have the mission to deal with cavalry patrols?

35.—What is meant by "the objective" in attack?

36.—What is the distinction between determining the objective and the position from which to start the attack?

37.—What is the distinction between "the approach" and getting into position for the attack?

38.—At what distance from the enemy does deployment as skirmishers become imperative?

39.—Describe method of advance toward positions for the attack.

40.—Where should the officers be during this advance?

41.—How is liaison (communication) secured between the various commands?

42.—What is meant by the fire attack?

44.—How is the time to fire determined?

45.—How are fire control and fire effect secured?

46.—How is the firing line advanced?

47.—How is it rectified?

48.—Why should care be taken not to have men out of breath?

49.—How should machine guns be made to contribute to the approach, the fire attack, the charge?

50.—How far should the company supports be from the firing line?

51.—Who commands them?

52.—How is the firing line reinforced?

53.—Describe the company supports going into the line to fill up a gap, to reinforce a section.

54.—Describe position and behavior of companies in support.

55.—What is the final stage of the whole attack?

56.—Who orders the charge and how is it made?

57.—What is the difference between the charge and the pursuit?

58.—What should be done with a newly conquered position?

59.—What is the first objective in attacking a wood?

60.—How does the aim of the troops on the wings differ from that of those in the center?

62.—Distinguish the different objectives in the attack of a village.

63.—Describe the attack to proceed through a defile in which the enemy is located.

64.—Describe the attack of a bridge.

65.—Why should night attacks be of limited scope?

66.—What special precautions should be taken?

67.—What is the largest unit advisable?

68.—How is surprise secured?

69.—Describe the methods of reconnaissance, advance and liaison for a night attack.

70.—Should the enemy's fire be answered in a night attack?

71.—What does the success of a night attack chiefly depend on?

72.—How should troops be distributed for the defense of woods and what is the function of each?

73.—Describe the distribution of troops for the defense of a village.

74.—How should the outskirts defense be organized?

75.—Describe the interior defense.

76.—How can a defile be kept open for an advance?

77.—How can a defile be safeguarded for a retreat?

78.—Give necessary orders for the blocking of a defile.

79.—Why should reconnoitering for counter attacks always be part of the organization for defense.

80.—Describe repulse of a night attack.

81.—Is an attack ever advisable without previous reconnaissance?

82.—Explain the importance of understanding the exact objective in a counterattack.

83.—What is the best time to launch a counter attack?

84.—What precautions must be taken to secure the success of a counter attack?

85.—What is a good motto under all conditions, but especially in the attack?