  Introduction [1]For a brief study of socialism see Thomas Kirkup, A History of Socialism (New York, 1909); John Spargo, A Summary and Interpretation of Socialistic Principles (New York, 1906); Harry W. Laidler, A History of Socialist Thought (New York, 1927). For a more extended study, Donald Drew Egbert and Stow Persons, editors, Socialism and American Life (Princeton, New Jersey, 1952), 2 Vols. [2]A. C. Pigou, Socialism Versus Capitalism (London: Macmillan and Company, 1938), p. 2; Egbert, op. cit., I, iii. [3]Ibid., 1. [4]Egbert, Socialism and American Life, I, Introduction. [5]See also Max Beer, A History of British Socialism, London, 1929, I, 160-180; Egbert, op. cit., I, 156-172. [6]H. W. Laidler, Social-Economic Movements (Thomas Y. Cromwell, New York, 1946), 98. [7]Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (Chicago: 1914), 74; Egbert, op. cit., I, iii. [8]Engels, op. cit., 91. [9]This conclusion does not coincide with the discussion in Socialism and American Life, I, 215-522 by Daniel Bell. It appears that Bell used an indefensibly wide interpretation of Marxianism to demand so many pages to relate the actions of the followers of Marx. An example, from the viewpoint of this author, may be noted on page 250. The discussion in these two hundred and fifty pages is a splendid story of American Socialism but hardly of Marxian Socialism in America. CHAPTER I [1]D. O. Wagner, Social Reformers from Adam Smith to John Dewey (New York: 1934), 213-239. Harry W. Laidler, Social-Economic Movements, An Historical and Comparative Survey of Communism, Cooperation, Utopianism: and Other Systems of Reform and Reconstruction (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1946), 44-117. For general discussion concerning the period see Revue des Deux Mondes, XXIIIe Annee, Seconde serie de la Nouvelle Period, III, No. 1, 1853, 320-345, and especially, 1852, No. 3, 508-545. [2]For a criticism of Fourier’s ideas and system see Mme. C. Coignet, Victor Considerant, sa Vie, son Oeuvre (Paris, France, 1895), 5-9; Frederic Engels, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific, translated by Deward Aveling (Chicago, 1914), 63-66; Harry W. Laidler, A History of Socialist Thought (New York, 1927). For a more extensive biography, La Grande Encyclopedie Nouvelle Biographie Generale depuis les Temps les plus Recules Jusqua nos jours, XII; Coignet, op. cit., 2-5. Fourier’s chief works are Le Noveau Monde Industrial et Societaire, 1829; TraitÉ de l’association DomestiquÉe Agricole au Attraction Industrielle, 2 Vols., 1822; La Theorie des Quarte Mouvements et de DestinÉes GÉnÉrales. For materials on related discussions see A. Grandin, Bibliographie des Science, etc. For a biography see F. August Bebel, Charles Fourier, Sein Leben Und Seine Theorien (Stuttgart, 1888). [3]For a plan of phalanstery see Appendix B. Compare Albert Brisbane, Social Destiny of Man: or, Associations and Reorganization of Industry (Philadelphia, 1840), 353-354. For an extensive study see items listed in Egbert, op. cit., II, 132-135. [4]Frederic Engels had a very high appreciation of Fourier; he said: “Fourier is not only a critic; his imperturbable serene nature makes him a satirist, and assuredly one of the greatest satirists of all times.... He was the first to declare that in any given society the degree of woman’s emancipation is the natural measure of the general emancipation.” See Frederic Engels, op. cit., 64-65. Ferrari, “Des IdÉes de L’École de M. Fourier depuÏs 1830” in Revue des Deux Mondes, XI, August 1, 1845, No. 3, 389-434. [5]Eugene Fourniere, “Le RÈigne de Louis-Philippe, 1830-1848,” in Histoire Socialiste, 1789-1900, edited by Jean Jaures, 322-326. [6]Coignet, op. cit., 1-16. For a list of his writings see Victor P. Considerant, in LaRousse du XXe SiÉcle, II, 425. [7]Coignet, Victor Considerant, sa Vie, son Oeuvre, 11-22; see also Eugene FourniÉre, op. cit.; Savardan, Un Naufrage au Texas (Paris, 1858), iii, 11-23. [8]Coignet, op. cit., 29-34. [9]Ibid.; Albert Brisbane, A Mental Biography With a Character Study by His Wife, Redelia Brisbane (Boston, 1893), 194; Hereafter cited as Mental Biography; Savardan, op. cit.; Victor Prosper Considerant, The Great West, A New Social and Industrial Life in Its Fertile Regions (New York, 1854) passim. Hereafter cited as The Great West. [10]Eugene FourniÉre, op. cit., 444. [11]Brisbane, Mental Biography, 195. [12]Brisbane, in the preface of Considerant, The Great West; see also, Considerant, Contre M. Arago RÉclamation addresse a la Chambre des Deputies par les Redacteurs du Feuilleton de la Phalange. Suive de la ThÉorie Droit de PropriÉtÉ, Paris, 1840. [13]Albert Brisbane, op. cit., 315. [14]New York Tribune, January 1, 1853, quoting the Allegemeine Zeitung[33]Ibid., 341. [34]Ibid., Adj. Session, 394. [35]Senate Journal, 1856, 412. CHAPTER V [1]Dallas Herald, as quoted in The Standard, February 24, 1855. [2]Dallas Herald, as quoted in the Clarksville Standard, February 24, 1855. [3]In preface of Considerant, The Great West. [4]Ibid. [5]Savardan, op. cit., 37-38; the numbers really indicate livres instead of pounds. [6]The account of Savardan’s trip and the others mentioned above are found in Savardan, Un Naufrage au Texas, chap. iv. [7]Savardan, op. cit., 201-203. [8]Ibid., chap. iv. [9]Samuel W. Geiser, “Naturalists of the Frontier,” in Southwest Review, October, 1928-July, 1929, XIV, No. 3, 331. An adequate biography of Julien Reverchon is given in this article by Mr. Geiser. [10]Ibid. See also Preston Sneed, “Letter signed by Napoleon is in Dallas,” in Dallas News, Sunday, May 8, 1927. [11]I have been able to locate only a few detached pages of his diary. These pages were in the possession of a grandson of the La Notte family or Lanotte. [12]Esubia Lutz, “Almost Utopia,” in Southwest Review (October, 1928-July, 1929), Vol. XIV, No. 3, 321-330. Since writing this article Germain Santerre has died. See also George H. Santerre, White Cliffs of Dallas, the Story of La Reunion, The Old French Colony, Dallas, 1955, 137-142. [13]Ellis W. Schuler, “The Geology of Dallas County,” in University of Texas Bulletin, No. 1818, March 25, 1918. [14]See Appendix A for a partial list of the colonists and see also Eloise Santerre, RÉunion, a Translation of Dr. Savardan’s Un Naufrage au Texas. [15]Texas State Gazette, February 10, 1855. [16]The list of names contained in Appendix A was collected from articles, papers, and books written concerning the colony and does not represent any special investigation in unprinted sources. “The story of Old French Town” in the Dallas News, March 26, 1922; and also Santerre, op. cit., are perhaps the best sources available for names. CHAPTER VI [1]Victor Prosper Considerant, Au Texas, le premier Rapport a mes Amis (1st ed., Bruxelles, 1855), 44; The Great West, A New Social and Industrial Life in its Fertile Regions (New York, 1854), 9-10; European Colonization in Texas, an Address to the American People (New York, 1855), 18. The greater part of this chapter first appeared as an article in The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, XVII, No. 2, September, 1936. [2]A Petition to the Honorable, the Senate and the House of Representatives of the State of Texas, Austin, December 10, 1885; Savardan, Un Naufrage au Texas ..., p. 30-31. [3]Deed Record, Dallas County, Book K, 67-69; also Book F, 410-411. [4]Considerant, Au Texas (2nd ed.). [5]Savardan, op. cit., v. [6]Phalanstery was the name given to a unit of the colony in writings supporting the movement. [7]Deed filed in Harris County Record of Deeds, Book D, 164; see also County of Dallas, Deeds Record, Book K, 174-176. [8]Savardan, Un Naufrage au Texas, 148-149. [9]Ibid., v. [10]Southwest Review, (October-July, 1928-1929), XIV, 324-325. A list of the tracts purchased is found in Dallas County, Deed Record, Book K, 67-73. [11]Savardan, op. cit., 244-246. [12]Compare, Ibid., 160 ff. [13]Savardan, Un Naufrage, 206-213. [14]Considerant, Au Texas, passim, for definite explanation. |
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