1. Describe the first types.
2. What caused the demand for smaller books?
3. What was done to meet this demand?
4. What was the first step in the improvement of type?
5. What was the next important step?
6. What are the present uses of the three principal forms of letters?
7. What are the general principles governing the use of italics?
8. What important principle should be observed in the use of italic?
9. Is a compositor ever justified in not following an author's marks calling for italics, and why?
10. For what, in general, is italic used?
11. What is the general usage regarding foreign words and phrases?
12. What decides whether they are italicized or not?
13. What about accents in foreign words?
14. Give a list of common words, phrases, and abbreviations used in literary and legal references which should always be italicized.
15. Give a short list of abbreviations of foreign origin which should not be italicized.
16. How should quotations in foreign languages be treated?
17. What is the use of italic in English quotations?
18. How should you treat foreign titles preceding names of persons, streets, and the like?
19. How are names of authors and of books, magazines, and the like, treated?
20. How do we use italics in citations, in footnotes, in indices, and in errata?
21. When are prima facie and ex officio italicized, and when not?
22. How are names of ships printed?
23. How are names of paintings, statues, musical compositions, and characters in plays treated?
24. What is the rule about letters used to indicate subdivisions, etc.?
25. How do we print letters of the alphabet when referred to as such?
26. What can you say of the use of italic in scientific matter generally?
27. Give the particular rules for the use of italic in certain sciences.
28. What is the rule for italic in resolutions?
29. How are italics used in legal matter?
30. How are italics used in signatures?
31. Where are titles placed when following names in signatures?
32. How may texts of sermons and the like be printed?
33. What can you say of the use of italic in running titles, table heads, side notes, and the like?
34. What should be looked out for in combining italic with roman?
35. What has been the influence of machine composition in the use of italic, and why?
36. How does the use of italic in newspapers at present compare with that of a hundred years ago, and why?
37. How are italics indicated in manuscript?

As elsewhere in this section of the Typographic Technical Series, the learning of the rules must be supplemented by extended practice in their application. Constant drill should be given the apprentice in the setting of matter requiring the use of italics, or in writing out manuscripts with the italics properly indicated. There is no other way in which accuracy and practical proficiency can be acquired. Printed matter may be shown for criticism and discussion, and incorrectly italicized matter may be given out for correction.

TYPOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL SERIES FOR APPRENTICES

The following list of publications, comprising the Typographic Technical Series for Apprentices, has been prepared under the supervision of the Committee on Education of the United Typothetae of America for use in trade classes, in course of printing instruction, and by individuals.

Each publication has been compiled by a competent author or group of authors, and carefully edited, the purpose being to provide the printers of the United States—employers, journeymen, and apprentices—with a comprehensive series of handy and inexpensive compendiums of reliable, up-to-date information upon the various branches and specialties of the printing craft, all arranged in orderly fashion for progressive study.

The publications of the series are of uniform size, 5×8 inches. Their general make-up, in typography, illustrations, etc., has been, as far as practicable, kept in harmony throughout. A brief synopsis of the particular contents and other chief features of each volume will be found under each title in the following list.

Each topic is treated in a concise manner, the aim being to embody in each publication as completely as possible all the rudimentary information and essential facts necessary to an understanding of the subject. Care has been taken to make all statements accurate and clear, with the purpose of bringing essential information within the understanding of beginners in the different fields of study. Wherever practicable, simple and well-defined drawings and illustrations have been used to assist in giving additional clearness to the text.

In order that the pamphlets may be of the greatest possible help for use in trade-school classes and for self-instruction, each title is accompanied by a list of Review Questions covering essential items of the subject matter. A short Glossary of technical terms belonging to the subject or department treated is also added to many of the books.

These are the Official Text-books of the United Typothetae of America.

Address all orders and inquiries to Committee on Education, United Typothetae of America, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.