Absinthe, French use, 273.
Absurdity, in languages, 157.
Academies, in a university, 275.
Accidents, Divine connection with (Essay XV.), 218-222.
Acquaintances: new and humble, 21, 22;
chance, 23-26;
met in travelling (Essay XVII.), 239-252 passim.
Adaptability: a mystery, 9;
in life’s journey, 44;
to unrefined people, 72.
Adultery, overlooked in princes, 168.
Affection: not blinding to faults, 10;
how to obtain filial, 98;
in the beginning of letters, 316.
Affinities, mysterious, 288.
Age: affecting human intercourse, ix;
outrun by youth, 86-93 passim;
affecting friendship, 112;
senility hard to convince, 293, 294;
middle and old, 302;
kind letter to an old lady, 345.
Agnosticism, affecting filial relations, 93.
Agriculture: under law, 228;
and Radicals, 282.
Albany, Duke of, his associations, 5.
Albert Nyanza, Baker’s exploits, 392.
Alexis, Prince, sad relations to his father, 95, 96.
Alps: first sight, 235;
grandeur, 271.
Americans: artistic attraction, 8;
inequalities of wealth, 248;
behaviour towards strangers, 249;
treated as ignorant by the English, 277;
under George III., 279;
use of ruled paper, 328.
Amusements: pursuit of, 27;
sympathy with youthful, 88;
out-door, 302, 303;
praise for indulgence not deserved, 342;
in general (Essay XXVI.), 383-401;
obligatory, 383;
expensive and pleasurable, 384;
laborious, 385;
princely enjoyments, 386, 387;
poverty not compelled to practise, 388;
feigned, 388, 389;
converted into customs, 389;
should be independent in, 390;
shooting, 391-393;
boating, 394-396;
selfish compulsion, 397;
tyranny of majorities, 398;
conversational echoes, 398, 399;
ladies not interested, 399;
three stages of pleasure, 399, 400;
artistic gambols, 400;
to be taken naturally and happily, 401.
Analysis: important to prevent confusion (Essay XX.), 280-294 passim;
analytical faculty wanting, 280, 292-294.
Ancestry: aristocratic, 123;
boast, 130;
home, 138;
less religion, 214.
Angels, and the arts, 191.
Anglicanism, and Russian Church, 257, 258.
Angling, pleasure of, 401.
Animals, feminine care, 177.
Annuities, affecting family ties, 68, 69.
Answers to letters, 334, 335.
Anticipation, pleasure of, 399, 400.
Antiquarianism, author’s, 323.
Apollo, a sportsman compared to, 391.
Arabs: use of telegraph, 323;
collar-bone broken, 392.
ArchÆology: a friend’s interest, x;
affected by railway travel, 14.
Architecture: illustration, vii, xii;
studies in France, 17, 23, 24;
connection with religion, 189, 190, 192;
ignorance about English, 265;
common mistakes, 291;
letters about, 365.
Aristocracy: French rural, 18, 19;
English laws of primogeniture, 66;
English instance, 123, 124;
discipline, 128;
often poor, 135, 136;
effect of deference, 146, 147;
a mark of? 246, 247;
Norman influence, 251, 252;
antipathy, to Dissent, 256, 257;
sent to Eton, 277;
and Bohemianism, 309;
dislike of scholarship, 331, 332.
(See Rank.)
Aristophilus, fictitious character, 146.
Armies: national ignorance, 277-279;
monopoly of places in French, 283.
(See War.)
Art: detached from religion, xii;
affecting friendship, 6, 8;
Claude and Turner, 13;
chance acquaintances, 23, 24;
purposes lowered, 28, 29;
penetrated by love, 42, 43;
affecting fraternity, 64;
friendship, 113, 114;
lifts above mercenary motives, 132;
literary, 154;
adaptability of Greek language, 158;
preferences of artists rewarded, 165;
affecting relations of Priests and Women (Essay XIII. part II.), 187-195, passim;
exaggeration and diminution, both admissible, 232, 233;
result of selection, 253;
French ignorance of English, 265, 266, 267;
antagonized by Philistinism, 285, 286, 301;
not mere amusement, 400.
(See Painting, Sculpture, Turner, etc.)
Asceticism, tinges both the Philistine and Bohemian, 299, 300.
(See Priesthood, Roman Catholicism, etc.)
Association: pleasurable or not, 3;
affected by opinions, 5, 6;
by tastes, 7, 8;
London, 20;
of a certain French painter, 28;
between Priests and Women (Essay XIII. part III.), 195-204 passim;
among travellers (Essay XVII.), 239-252;
leads to misapprehension of opinions, 287, 288.
(See Companionship, Friendship, Society, etc.)
Atavism, puzzling to parents, 88.
Atheism: reading prayers, 163;
apparent, 173;
confounded with Deism, 257.
(See God, Religion, etc.)
Attention: how directed in the study of language, 154;
want of, 197.
Austerlitz, battle, 350.
(See Napoleon I.)
Austria, Empress, 180.
Authority, of fathers (Essay VI.), 78-98 passim.
(See Priests.)
Authors: illustration, 9;
indebtedness to humbler classes, 22, 23;
relations of several to women, 46 et seq.;
sensitiveness to family indifference, 74;
in society and with the pen, 237, 238;
a procrastinating correspondent, 317;
anonymous letters, 378.
(See Hamerton, etc.)
Authorship, illustrating interdependence, 12.
(See Literature, etc.)
Autobiographies, revelations of faithful family life, 65.
Autumn tints, 233.
Avignon, France, burial-place of Mill, 53.
Bachelors: independence, 26;
dread of a wife’s relations, 73;
lonely hearth, 76;
friendship destroyed by marriage, loss through poverty, 136;
among English travellers, 240-242, 245, 246.
(See Classes, Rank, Titles, etc.)
Cat, drawing by a child, 364.
Cathedrals: drawing a French, 23, 24;
imposing, 189, 190, 192.
Celibacy: Shelley’s experience, 34;
in Catholic Church, 120;
clerical, 198-201;
of old maids, 379-382.
(See Clergy, Priests, Wives, etc.)
Censure, dangerous in letters, 352, 353.
Ceremony: dependent on prosperity, 125, 126;
fondness of women for, 197, 198;
also 187-195 passim.
(See Manners, Rank, etc.)
Chamberlain, the title, 137.
Chambord, Count de, restoration possible, 254,

255.
Channel, British, illustration, 14.
Charles II., women’s influence during his reign, 181.
Charles XII., his hardiness, 308.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, on birds, 272.
Cheltenham, Eng., treatment of Dissenters, 19.
Chemistry, illustration, 3.
Cheshire, Eng., a case of generosity, 68.
Children: recrimination with parents, 75;
as affecting parental wealth, 119;
social reception, 120;
keenly alive to social distinctions, 121;
imprudent marriages, 123;
a poor woman’s, 139;
interruptions, 140, 141;
ignorance of foreign language makes us seem like, 151;
feminine care, 177;
of clergy, 200, 201;
cat picture, 364;
pleasures of poor, 401.
(See Boys, Brothers, Marriage, Sons, etc.)
Chinese mandarins, 130.
Chirography, in letters, 331-333.
Christ: his divinity a past issue, 6;
Church instituted, 178, 179;
Dr. Macleod on, 186;
limits of knowledge in Jesus’ day, 213.
(See Church, Religion, etc.)
Christianity: as affecting intercourse, 5, 6;
its early disciples, 142;
preferment for adherence, 162, 163;
morality a part of, 168, 169;
state churches, 170;
in poetry, 198;
early ideal, 206.
(See Roman Catholicism, etc.)
Christmas: decorations, 188;
in Tennyson, 198.
(See Clergy, Priesthood, Women.)
Church: attendance of hypocrites, 163;
compulsory, 172;
instituted by God in Christ, 178, 179;
influence at all stages of life, 183-186;
Æsthetic industry, 188;
dress, 189;
buildings, 190;
menaces, 193;
partisanship, 194;
power of custom, 198;
authority, 203.
(See Religion, Roman Catholicism, etc.)

Church of England: as affecting friendship, 6;
freedom of members in their own country, instance of Dissenting tyranny, 164;
dangers of forsaking, 165;
bondage of royalty, 166, 168;
adherence of nobility, 169, 170, 173;
of working-people, 170, 171;
compulsory attendance, liberality, 172, 173;
ribaldry sanctioned by its head, 181;
priestly consolation, 183;
the legal church, 185;
ritualistic art, 188-190;
a bishop’s invitation to a discussion, 192;
story of a bishop’s indolence, 366, 367;
French ignorance of, 275.
(See England, Christ, etc.)
Cipher, in letters, 326.
Civility. (See Hospitality.)
Civilization: liking for, xiii;
antagonism to nature in love-matters, 41;
lower state, 72;
affected by hospitality, 100;
material adjuncts, 253;
physical, 298;
duty to further, 299;
forsaken, 310.
(See Barbarism, Bohemianism, Philistinism, etc.)
Classes: Differences of Rank (Essay X.), 130-147 passim;
affected by religion (Essay XII.), 161-174;
limits, 250;
in connection with Gentility (Essay XVIII.), 253-263 passim.
(See Caste, Ceremonies, Rank, etc.)
Classics, study of, in the Renaissance, 212.
Claude, helps Turner. (See Painters, etc.)
Clergy: mercenary motives, 132, 133;
more tolerant of immorality than of heresy, 168;
belief in natural law, 221;
dangers of association with, 287.
(See Priesthood, Religion, etc.)
Clergywomen, 200, 201.
Clerks, their knowledge an aid to national intercourse, 149, 150.
(See Business, Languages, etc.)
Coats-of-arms: usurped, 135;
in letters, 326, 327.
(See Rank.)
Cockburn, Sir Alexander, knowledge of French, 151.
Cock Robin, boat, 138.
(See Boating.)
Coffee, satire on trade, 133, 134.
Cologne Cathedral, 190.
Colors, in painting, 232, 233.
Columbus, Voltaire’s allusion, 274.
Comet, in Egyptian war, 229.
(See Superstition.)
Comfort, pursuit of, 27, 298, 299.
(See Philistinism.)
Commerce, affected by language, 148-150, 159, 160.
(See Business, Languages, etc.)
Communism, threats, 377.
Como, Italy, solitude, 31.
Companionship: how decided, 4;
affected by opinions, 5, 6;
by tastes, 7, 8;
in London, 20;
with the lower classes, 21-23;
chance, 24-26;
intellectual exclusiveness, 27, 28;
books, 29;
nature, 30;
in Marriage (Essay IV.), 44-62;
travelling, absence, 44;
intellectual, 45;
instances of unlawful, 46, 47;
failures not surprising, 48;
of Byron, 49, 50;
Goethe, 51, 52;
Mill, 53, 54;
discouraging examples, 55, 56;
difficulties of extraordinary minds, 57;
artificial, 58;
hopelessness of finding ideal associations, 59;
indications and realizations, 60;
trust, 61, 62;
hindered by refinement, 71, 72;
affected by cousinship, 73;
parents and children (Essay VI.), 78-98 passim;
Death of Friendship (Essay VIII.), 110-118;
affected by wealth and poverty (Essays IX. and X.), 119-147 passim;
between Priests and Women (Essay XIII.), 175-204.
(See Association, Friendship, etc.)
Comradeship, difficult between parents and children, 89.
(See Association, etc.)
Concession: weakening the mind, 147;
national, 148;
feminine liking, 175.
Confessional, the: influencing women, 201-203;
a supposititious compulsion, 281.
(See Religion, etc.)
Confirmation, priestly connection with, 185.
(See Women.)
Confusion: (Essay XX.), 280-294;
masculine and feminine, 280;
political, 280-284;
rebels and reformers, 280;
private and public liberty, 281;
Radicals, 282;
ÉgalitÉ, 283;
religious, 284, 285;
Philistines and Bohemians, 285-287;
confounding people with their associates, 287, 288;
vocations, 288, 289;
persons, 290;
foreign buildings, 291;
inducing calumny, 292;
caused by insufficient analysis, 292, 293;
about inventions, 293;
result of carelessness, indolence, or senility, 293, 294.
Consolation, of clergy, 179-183.
(See Religion.)
Construing, different from reading, 154.
(See Languages.)
Continent, the: family ties, 63;
friendship broken by marriage, 116;
religious liberality, 173;
marriage, 184;
flowers, 188, 189;
confessional, 202, 203;
exaggeration, 234, 235;
table-manners of travellers, 240-252 passim;
drinking-places, 262.
(See France, etc.)
Controversy, disliked, xiii.
Conventionality: affecting personality, 15-17;
genteel ignorance engendered by, 260-262.
(See Courtesy, Manners, etc.)
Conversation: chance, 26;
compared with literature, 29;
study of languages, 156;
at table d’hÔte, 239-249;
among strangers, 247-252 passim;
useless to quote, 291;
Goldsmith’s enjoyment, 309.
Convictions, our own to be trusted, iii, iv.
Copenhagen, battle, 327.
Cornhill Magazine, Lever’s article, 259, 260.
Corot (Jean Baptiste Camille), his Bohemianism, 310, 311.
Correspondence: akin to periodicals, 30;
Belgian letters, 153;
34.
Deference, why liked, 122.
(See Rank, etc.)
Deism, confounded with Atheism, 257.
(See God, Religion, etc.)
Delos, oracle of, 229.
Democracies, illustration of broken friendships, 114, 115.
Democracy: accusation of, 131;
confounded with Dissent, 257.
(See Nationality, etc.)
Denmark, the crown-prince of, 327.
Dependence, of one upon all, 12.
De Saussure, Horace Benedict, his life study, 230, 231.
Despotism, provincial and social, 17.
(See Tyranny.)
De Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri Clerel: allusion, 147;
translation, 152;
on English unsociability (Essay XVII.), 239-252 passim.
Devil: priestly opposition, 195;
belief in agency, 224;
God’s relation to, 228.
(See Clergy, Superstition, Religion, etc.)
Devonshire, Eng., its beauty, 270.
Dickens, Charles: his middle-class portraitures, 20;
his indebtedness to the poor, 22;
humor, 72.
Dictionary, references, 155.
(See Languages.)
Diderot, Denis, Goldsmith’s interview, 309.
Dignity, to be maintained in middle-life, 117.
Diminution, habit in art and life (

Essay XVI.), 232-238.
(See Exaggeration.)
Diogenes, his philosophy, 127.
Discipline: of children, 78-98 passim;
delegated, 83;
mental, 208;
of self, 308.
Discord, the result of high taste, 6.
Dishonesty, part of Bohemianism, 296.
Disraeli, Benjamin, female estimate, 380.
Dissenters: French estimate, 18, 19;
English exclusion, 19, 256;
liberty in religion, 164, 165;
position not compulsory, 170;
small towns, 171-173.
(See Church of England, etc.)
Dissipation: among working-men, 124;
in France, 272, 273.
(See Wine, etc.)
Distinctions forgotten (Essay XX.), 280-294 passim.
(See Confusion.)
Divorce, causes of, 38.
(See Marriage, Women, etc.)
Dobell, Sidney, social exclusion, 19.
Dog, rifle compared to, 392.
(See Amusements.)
Dominicans, dress, 189.
(See Religion, etc.)

Dominoes in France, 273.
(See Amusements.)
Don Quixote, illustration of paternal satire, 97.
DorÉ, Gustave, his kind and long letter, 345.
Double, LÉopold, home, 142.
Dover Straits, 337.
Drama: power of adaptation, 72;
amateur actors, 143.
Drawing: a French church, 23, 24;
aid to business letters, 363, 364.
(See Painters, etc.)
Dreams, outgrown, 60.
Dress: connection with manners, 126, 127;
ornaments to indicate wealth, 131;
feminine interest, 187;
clerical vestments, 187, 188, 198;
sexless, 202, 203;
of the Philistines, 297, 298;
Bohemian, 304-307, 313, 314.
(See Women.)
Driving, sole exercise, 302.
Drunkenness: part of Bohemianism, 296;
in best society, 297.
(See Table, Wine, etc.)
Duelling, French, 273.
Du Maurier, George, his satire on coffee-dealers, 133, 134.
Dupont, Pierre, song about wine, 268, 269, 272.
Ear, learning languages by, 156.
(See Languages.)
Easter: allusion, 198;
confession, 281.
Eccentricity: high intellect, 56;
in an artist, 307;
claims indulgence, 387.
Eclipse, superstitious view, 215-217, 229.
Economy, necessitated by marriage, 26.
(See Wealth.)
Edinburgh Review, editor, 152.
Editor, a procrastinating correspondent, 317.
Education: similarity, 10;
affecting idiosyncrasy, 13;
conventional, 15;
effect upon humor, 20;
literary, derived from the poor, 22;
affected by change in filial obedience, 80-88;
home, 81 et seq.;
authority of teachers, 81, 83;
divergence of parental and filial, 84;
special efforts, 85;
divergent, 90-92;
profound lack of, 91;
never to be thrown off, 92;
of hospitality, 99, 100;
the effect on all religion (Essay XV.), 215-231 passim;
knowledge of languages, 245;
of Tasso family, 350, 351.
(See Languages, etc.)
Egypt: Suez Canal, xii;
illustration of school tasks, 85;
war of 1882, 222-224, 229.
Eliot, George: hints from the poor, 22;
her peculiar relation to Mr. Lewes, 45, 46, 55, 56;
often confounded with other writers, 290.
Elizabeth, Queen: order about the marriage of clergy, 200;
her times, 381.
(See Celibacy.)
Emerson, Ralph Waldo: the dedication, iii, iv;
anecdote of Napoleon, 367.
England: newspaper reports, 41;
a French woman’s knowledge of, 107;
respect for rank, 136;
title-worship, 137;
estimate of wealth, 144-146;
slavery to houses, 145;
French ideas slowly received, 150;
religious freedom, 164-168, 172;
two religions for the nobility, 169, 170, 173;
a most relentless monarch, 180;
women during reign of Charles II., 181;
marriage rites, 184, 185;
aristocracy, 246;
A Remarkable Peculiarity (Essay XVII.), 239-252;
meeting abroad, 239;
reticence in each other’s company, 240;
anecdotes, 241, 242;
dread of intrusion, 243, 244;
freedom with foreigners and with compatriots, 245;
not a mark of aristocracy, 246;
fear of meddlers, 247;
interest in rank, 248;
reticence outgrown, 249;
Lever’s illustration, 250;
exceptions, 251;
Saxon and Norman influence, 251, 252;
Dissenters ignored, 256, 257;
general information, 263;
French ignorance of art and literature in, 265-267, 269;
game, 268;
mountains, 270, 271;
landscapes, 270;
Church, 275;
supposed law about attending the Mass, 281;
homes longed for, 286;
the architectural blunders of tourists, 291;
Philistine lady, 304;
painter and Philistine, 306;
letters in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, 318-321;
use of telegraph, 323;
letters shortened, 325;
letter-paper 328;
post-cards, 329, 330;
communication with France, 337;
trade habits, 361, 365;
reading of certain books not compulsory, 378;
old maids, 381;
winter, 399.
(See Church of England, France, etc.)
English Language: ignorance of, a misfortune, 149, 150;
familiar knowledge unusual in France, 151-153;
forms of courtesy, 157;
conversation abroad, 240;
Bohemian, 295;
literature, 305;
bad spelling, 360, 361;
no synonym for corvÉe, 389;
nautical terms, 396.
(See England, etc.)
English People: Continental repulsion, 7;
artistic attraction, 8;
undervaluation of chance conversations, 26;
looseness of family ties, 63;
ashamed of sentiment, 82;
feeling about heredity, 93;
one lady’s empty rooms, 104;
another’s incivility, 106;
a merchant’s loss of wealth, 121, 122;
deteriorated aristocrat, 123;
letters by ladies, 153;
no consoling power, 182;
gentlewomen of former generation, 205, 206;
where to find inspiriting models, 208;
companions of Prince Imperial, 225;
understatement a habit, 234-238;
a lady’s ignorant remark about servants, 258, 259;
ignorance of French mountains, etc., 270-271;
fuel and iron, 272;
universities, 275, 276;
patronage of Americans, 277;
anonymous letter to a gentleman, 376.
Ennui: banished by labor, 32;
on shipboard, 396.
Enterprise, affecting individualism, 14.
Envy, expressed in anonymous letters, 371.
Epiphany, annual Egyptian ceremony, xii.
(See Science, Superstition, etc.)
Epithets, English, 235.
Equality: affecting intercourse, 246;
ÉgalitÉ, 282, 283.
(See Rank, Ignorance.)
Equestrianism, affected by railways, 14.
Etching, Leloir’s fondness for, 401.
Etheredge, Sir George, his ribaldry, 181.
Eton College, allusion, 277.
EugÉnie, Empress: her influence over her husband, 176;
his regard, 225.
Europe: vintages, 133;
influence of LittrÉ, 210;
Southern, 240;
allusion, 254;
Turkey nearly expelled, 278;
latest thought, 306;
cities, 309;
William of Orange, on complications, 344;
communistic disturbances, 377.
(See England, France, etc.)
Evangelicism, English peculiarities, 123.
(See Dissenters, etc.)
Evans, Marian. (See George Eliot.)
Evolution, theory of, 176.
Exaggeration, the habit in art and life (Essay XVI.), 232-238.
(See Diminution.)
Exercise: love of, 14;
in the young and the old, 86, 152;
letters by English ladies, 153;
forms of courtesy, 157;
prayers, 158;
as the universal tongue, 158, 159;
English knowledge of, 245;
univers, 273, 274.
(See Languages.)
French People: excellence in painting, and relations to Americans and English, 7;
an ideal of good form, 15;
old conventionality, 16-18;
love in fiction, 41;
family ties, 63;
proverb about cousins, 72;
unbelieving sons, 93;
bourgeois table manners formerly, 101, 102;
state apartments, 105;
incivility towards, at an English table, 106;
girls, 106;
a woman’s clever retort, 107;
literature condemned by wholesale, 147;
royal daily life, 167;
power of consolation, 182;
examples of virtue, 208;
old nobility, 209;
Buffon and LittrÉ, 209-211;
hazard providentiel, 227;
painters, 232, 233;
overstatement, 234, 235;

sociability with strangers contrasted with the English want of it (Essay XVII.), 239-252 passim;
a widow and suite, 242, 243;
discreet social habits, 247, 248;
a disregard of titles, 248;
a weak question about fortune, 259;
ignorance of English matters, 265-270;
wine-song, 268, 269;
fuel and iron, 271, 272;
seeming vanity of language, 273, 274;
conceit cured by war, 278;
communist dreamers, 284;
proverb, 287;
confusion of persons, 290.
Friendship: supposed impossible in a given case, viii, ix;
real, x;
how formed, 4;
not confined to the same class, 5;
affected by art and religion, 6;
by taste and nationality, 7, 8;
by likeness, 8;
with those with whom we have not much in common, 9, 10;
affected by incompatibility, 10;
Byron’s comparison, 30;
affecting illicit love, 41;
akin to marriage, 48;
elective affinity, 75;
Death of (Essay VIII.), 110-118;
sad subject, no resurrection, definition, 110;
boyish alliances, growth, 111;
personal changes, 112;
differences of opinion, 113;
of prosperity, financial, professional, political, 114;
habits, marriage, 115;
neglect, poor and rich, 116;
equality not essential, acceptance of kindness, new ties, 117;
intimacy easily destroyed, 118;
affected by wealth (Essays IX., X.), 119-147 passim;
by language, 149;
between Priests and Women (Essay XIII.), 175-204 passim;
formed with strangers, 251;
leads to misunderstood opinions, 287, 288;
disturbed by procrastination, 317;
Letters of, (Essay XXIII.), 336-353;
infrequency, 336;
obstacles, 337;
the sea a barrier, 338;
aid of a few words at New Year’s, 339;
death-like silence, 340;
charm of manner not always carried into letters, 341;
excluded by business, 342;
cooled by reproaches, 343;
all topics interesting to a friend, 344;
affection overflows in long letters, 345-351;
fault-finding dangerous, 352, 353;
journeys saved, 360.
(See Association, Companionship, Family, etc.)
Fruit, ignorance about English, 269, 270.
Fruition, pleasure of, 400.
Fuel, French, 272.
Furniture: feminine interest in, 187;
regard and disregard (Essay XXI.), 295-314 passim;
Goldsmith’s extravagance, 310.
(See Women.)
Gambetta, his death, 225.
Game: in England, 267, 268, 270;
elephant and hippopotamus, 392.
(See Sports.)
Games, connection with amusement, 385, 397.
(See Cards, etc.)
Garden, illustration, 9.
Gascoyne, William, letters, 318, 319.
Generosity: affecting family ties, 69, 70;
of a Philistine, 301.
Geneva Lake, as seen by different eyes, 230, 231.
Genius, enjoyment of, 303.
Gentility: Genteel Ignorance (Essay XVIII.), 253-263;
an ideal condition, 253;
misfortune, 254;
French noblesse, 255;
ignores differing forms of religion, 256, 257;
poverty, 258;
inferior financial conditions, 259, 260;
real differences, 261;
genteel society avoided, 262;
because stupid, 263.
Geography: London Atlas, 274;
work of Reclus, 291.
(See Ignorance.)
Geology, allusion, 166.
(See Science.)
George III., colonial tenure, 279.
Germany: models of virtue, 208;
hotel fashions, 244;
a Bohemian and scholar, 304-306.
German Language, English knowledge, 245.
Gladstone, William E.: the probable effect of a French training, 17, 18;
indebtedness to trade, 135;
Lord, 137;
foreign troubles ending in inkshed, 150;
allusion, 241;
use of post-cards, 335;
female estimate, 380.
Glasgow, steamer experience, 25.
Gloucester, Eng., manufactory of rifles, 391, 392.
God: of the future, 177;
personal care, 178, 179;
against wickedness, 180;
Divine love, 178-181, 186, 187;
interference with law (Essay XV.), 215-231 passim;
human motives, 228.
(See Religion, etc.)
Gods: our valors the best, 177;
siege of Syracuse, 215-217.
(See Superstition.)
Godwin, Mary, relations to Shelley, 46-48.
Goethe: Faust’s Margaret, 39;
relation to women, 46, 50, 56, 57;
Life, 244.
Gold: in embroidery to indicate wealth, 131;
color, 232, 233.
Goldsmith, Oliver, his Bohemianism, 309, 310.
Gormandizing, 103.
(See Table.)
Government: feminine, 176;
scientific, 229.
Grammar: French knowledge of, 152;
rival of literature, 154;
in correspondence, 356, 357.
(See Languages, etc.)
Gratitude: a sister’s want of, 69;
hospitality not reciprocated, 122.
Greece: Byron’s enthusiasm, 50, 57;
story of Nikias, 215-217;
advance of knowledge, 230;
Byron’s notice of a book, 348.
Greek Church: Czar’s headship, 168;
the only true, 258.
(See Church of England, etc.)
Greek Language: teaching, 84;
fitness as the universal language, 158, 159;
in the Renaissance, 212;
professorship and library, 287;
doggerel, 400.
(See Languages.)
Groom, true happiness in a stable, 343.
Guests: Rights of (Essay VII.), 99-109;
respect, exclusiveness, 99;
two views, 100;
conformity insisted upon, 101;
left to choose for himself, 102;
duties towards a host, generous entertainment, 103;
parsimonious treatment, 104;
illustrations, ideas to be respected, 105;
nationality also, 107;
a host the ally of his guests, 107;
discourtesy towards a host, 108;
illustration, 109;
among rich and poor, 140-144.
Guiccioli, Countess, her relations to Byron, 49, 50.
Guillotine, Byron’s description, 347.
Gulliver’s Travels, allusion, 261.
Gymnastics: by young Frenchmen, 272;
aristocratic monopoly, < a href="@public@vhost@g@html@files@43359@43359-h@43359-h-6.htm.html#Page_283" class="pginternal">283.
(See Amusements, etc.)
Habits: in language, 157;
French discretion, 247, 248.
Hamerton, Philip Gilbert: indebtedness to Emerson, iii, iv;
plan of the book, vii-ix;
omissions, ix;
the pleasures of friendship, x;
on death, x, xi;
a liking for civilization and all its amenities, xii;
thoughts in French travel, 17 et seq.;
pleasant experience in studying French architecture, 23, 24;
conversation in Scotland, 24, 25;
in a steamer, 25, 26;
acquaintance with a painter, 28;
belief in Nature’s promises, 60 et seq.;
what a sister said, 65;
the love of two brothers, 67;
delightful experience with wife’s relations, 73;
experience of hospitable tyranny, 100 et seq.;
Parisian dinner, 107;
experience with friendship, 113;
noisy French farmers, 128, 129;
Scotch dinner, 131;
country incident, 139, 140;
questioning a Parisian lady, 152;
Waterloo letters, 156;
how Italian seems to him, 155;
incident of Scotch travel, 173;
visit to a bereaved French lady, 182;
travel in France, 219;
lesson from a painter, 232;
snubbed at a hotel, 240-242;
a French widow on her travels, 242, 243;
a lady’s ignorance about religious distinctions, 257;
personal anecdotes about ignorance between the English and French, 265-279 passim;
translations into French, 267;
Puseyite anecdote, 284, 285;
conversations heard, 291;
boat incident, 292, 293;
life-portraits, 300-308;
experience with procrastinators, 317, 318;
residence in Lancashire, 318;
interest in Plumpton family, 265, 267;
of English game, 268;
of English fruit, 269;
English errors as to mountains, 270, 271;
fuel, manly vigor, 272, 273;
word universal, 274;
universities, 275, 276;
literature, 277;
leads to war, 277, 278;
not the best patriotism, 279;
unavoidable, 301;
contented, 302;
of gentlewomen, 381, 382.
(See Nationality, etc.)
Imagination, a luxury, 300.
Immorality: too easily forgiven in princes, 168;
considered essential to Bohemianism, 295.
(See Vice.)
Immortality: connection with music, 191;
menaces and rewards, 193.
(See Priests, etc.)
Impartiality, not shown by clergy, 194.
Impediments, to national intercourse (Essay XI.), 148-160.
Impertinence, ease of manner mistaken for, 250.
Incompatibility: inexplicable, 10;
one of two great powers deciding intercourse, 11.

(See Friendship, etc.)
Independence: (Essay II.), 12-32;
illusory and real, influence of language, 12;
illustrations, 13;
railway travel destructive to, 14;
conventionality and French ideas of good form, 15;
social repressions and London life, 16;
local despotism, 17;
the French rural aristocracy, 18;
illustrations and social exclusion, 19;
humor and domestic anxiety, society not essential, 20;
palliations to solitude, outside of society, absolute solitude, 21;
rural illustrations, 22;
incident in a French town, 23;
one in Scotland, 24;
on a steamer, 25;
English reticence, 26;
an evil of solitude, pursuits in common, 27;
illustration from Mill, deterioration of an artist, 28;
patient endurance, the refreshment of books, 29;
companionship of nature, 30;
consolation of labor, 31;
an objection to this relief, 32;
a fault, 69;
of Philistines and Bohemians (Essay XXI.), 295-314 passim.
(See Society, etc.)
Independents, the, in England, 170.
India: a brother’s cold farewell, 67;
relations of England, 279.
Indians, their Bohemian life, 298, 306.
Individualism, affected by railways, 13-15.
Individuality, reliance upon our own, iv.
Indolence: destroying friendship, 116;
stupid, 197;
causes wrong judgment, 293;
part of Bohemianism, 295;
in business, 356;
in reading letters, 366-369.
Indulgences, affecting friendship, 115.
Industry: to be respected, 132;
professional work, 196;
Buffon’s and LittrÉ’s, 209, 210;
ignorance about English, 265, 266;
of a Philistine, 300;
in letter-writing, 356.
Inertia, in middle-life, 302.
Infidelity: affecting political rights, 162, 163;
withstood by Dissent, 257.
Ink: dilution to save expense, 333;
red, 369.
Inquisition, the, in Spain, 180.
Inspiration, in Jacquemont’s letters, 348.
Intellectuality: a restraint upon passion, 38;
affecting family ties, 73, 74;
its pursuits, 127;
denied to England, 265, 266, 267;
ambition for, 283;
the accompaniment of wealth, 297;
outside of, 301;
enjoyed, 306.
Intelligence: the supreme, 176, 177;
connection with leisure, 197.
Intercession, feminine fondness for, 175, 176.
Intercourse. (This subject is so interwoven with the whole work that special references are impossible.)

Interdependence, illustrated by literary work, 12.
Interviews, compared with letters, 354-357.
Intimacy: mysteriously hindered, 10;
with nature, 302.
Intolerance, of amusements, 389.
Intrusion, dreaded by the English, 243, 247.
Inventions, why sometimes misjudged, 292, 293.
Irascibility, in parents, 75, 76.
Iron, in France, 272.
Irving, Washington, on Goldsmith, 310.
Isolation: affecting study, 28, 29;
alleviations, 29-31.
(See Independence.)
Italian Language: Latin naturalized, 155;
merriment in using, 158.
Italy: Byron’s sojourn, 50;
Goethe’s, 51,
titles and poverty, 136;
overstatement a habit, 234;
papal government, 255, 256;
travelling-vans, 261,
allusion, 271;
why live there, 285, 286;
tourists, 291;
Goldsmith’s travels, 309;
forms in letter-writing, 325.
Jacquemont, Victor, his letters, 348-350.
James, an imaginary friend, 343, 344.
Jardin des Plantes, Buffon’s work, 209.
Jealousy: national, 7;
domestic, 65,
youthful, effect of primogeniture, 66;
between England and France, 150;
Greece need not awaken, 159,
excited by the confessional, 202, 203;
in anonymous letters, 371.
Jerusalem, the Ark lost, 229.
Jewelry: worn by priests, 202;
enjoyment of, 297.
Jews: not the only subjects of useful study, 207, 208, 211;
God of Battles, 224;
advance of knowledge, 230.
(See Bible.)
John, an imaginary friend, 344, 345.
Jones, an imaginary gentleman, 130.
Justice: feminine disregard, 180;
connection with priesthood, 194.
Keble, John, Christian Year, 198.
Kempis, Thomas À, his great work, 95.
Kenilworth, anecdote, 277.
Kindness, how to be received, 117.
Kindred: affected by incompatibility, 10;
Family Ties (Essay V.), 63, 77;
given by Fate, 75.
(See Sons, etc.)
Kings: divine right, 255;
on cards, 289;
courtesy in correspondence, 317;
a poetic figure, 386, 387.
(See Rank, etc.)
Knarsbrugh, Eng., 320.
Knyghton, Henry, quotation, 251.
Lakes, English, 270.
Lancashire, Eng.: all residents not in cotton-trade, 288;
residence, 318,
drinking-habits, 378.
Land-ownership, 131.
Landscape: companionship, 31;
ignorance about the English, 270.
Languages: as affecting friendship, 7;
similarity, 10;
influences interdependence, 12;
study of foreign, 29, 84, 85;
ignorance of, an Obstacle (Essay XI.), 148-160;
impediment to national intercourse, 148;
mutual ignorance of the French and English, 149;
commercial advantages, American kinship, 150;
an imperfect knowledge induces reticence, 151;
rarity of full knowledge, 152;
illustrations, first stage of learning a tongue, 153;
second, 154;
third, fourth, 155;
fifth, learning by ear, 156;
absurdities, idioms, forms of politeness, 157;
a universal speech, 158;
Greek commended, 159;
advantages, 160;
one enough, 301, 305;
acquaintance with six, 304;
foreign letters, 364, 365.
Latin: teaching, 84;
construction unnatural, 155;
in the Renaissance, 212;
church, 258;
proverb, 287;
poetry, 289;
in telegrams, 324;
Horace, 361;
corrogata, 390.
Laws: difficult to ascertain, viii;
human resignation to, xi;
of Human Intercourse (Essay I.), 3-11;
fixed knowledge difficult, 3,
common belief, 4;
similarity of interest, 5;
may breed antagonism, 6;
national prejudices, 7;
likeness begets friendship, 8;
idiosyncrasy and adaptability, 9;
intimacy slow, 10;
law of the pleasure of human intercourse still hidden, 11;
fixed, 179;
149, 150.
MÉrimÉe, Prosper, Correspondence, 321.
Metallurgy, under fixed law, 228.
Methodists, the: in England, 170;
hymns, 257.
Michelet, Jules: on the Church, 189, 190;
on the confessional, 202, 203.
Middle Classes: Dickens’s descriptions, 20;
rank of some authors, 56;
domestic rudeness, 75;
table customs, 103;
religious freedom, 170;
clerical inferences, 183.
(See Classes, Lower Class, etc.)
Mignet, FranÇois Auguste Marie: friendship with Thiers, 120;
condition, 121.
Military Life: illustration, 21;
filial obedience, 80;
religion, 123;
religious conformity, 169;

antagonistic to toleration, 173, 174;
French, 272;
allusion, 300, 307.
Mill, John Stuart: social affinities, 20;
aversion to unintellectual society, 27, 28;
relations to women, 53-55;
social rank, 56;
education by his father, 81-84;
on friendship, 112, 113;
on sneering depreciation, 237;
on English conduct towards strangers, 245;
on social stupidity, 263.
Milnes, Richard Monckton. (See Lord Houghton.)
Milton, John, Palmer’s constant interest, 313.
Mind, weakened by concession, 147.
Misanthropy, appearance of, 27.
Montaigne, Michel: marriage, 59;
letter to wife, 351, 352.
Montesquieu, Baron, allusion, 147.
Months, trade terms for, 365.
Morris, Lewis, A Cynic’s Day-dream, 393.
Mothers, “loud-tongued,” 75.
(See Children, Women, etc.)

Mountains: climbing affected by railways, 14;
quotation from Byron, 30;
in pictures, 43;
glory in England and France, 270, 271;
Mont Blanc, where situated, 271.
Mozart, Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus, allusion, 289.
Muloch, Dinah Maria, confounded with George Eliot, 290.
Music: detached from religion, xii, xiii;
voice of love, 42;
affecting fraternity, 64;
connection with religion, 191;
illustration of harmony, 389.
Nagging, by parents, 76.
Napoleon I.: and the Universe, 273, 274;
privations, 308;
mot of the Pope, 341;
RÉmusat letters, 350.
Napoleon III.: death, son, 225;
ignorance of German power, 278;
losing Sedan, 308.
Nationality: prejudices, 7;
to be respected at table, 106, 107;
different languages an obstacle to intercourse (Essay XI.), 148-160;
mutual ignorance (Essay XIX.), 264-279 passim.
National Gallery, London, 291.
Nature: compensations, iv;
causes, xii;
laws not deducible from single cases, 4;
inestimable gifts, 26;
beauty an alleviation of solitude, loyalty, 30, 31;
opposed to civilization in love-matters, 41;
universality of love, 42, 43;
promises fulfilled, 60-62;
revival of study, 212;
laws fixed (Essay XV.), 215-231 passim;
De Saussure’s study, 230, 231;
expressed in painting, 232, 233;
nearness, 303-314 passim;
her destroyers, 393.
Navarre, King Henry of, 224.
Navy, a young officer’s acquaintance, 25, 26.
Neglect, destroys friendship, 116.
Nelson, Lord: the navy in his time, 279;
letter in battle, 327, 328.
Nerves, affected by rudeness, 128, 129.
New England, a blond native, 240.
Newspapers: on nature and the supernatural, xii;
adultery reports in English, 41;
personal interest, 124;
regard for titles, 137;
quarrels between English and American, 150;
reading, 156;
on royalty, 166, 167;
deaths in, 225;
English and French subservience to rank, 248;
a bourgeois complaint, 286;
crossing the seas, 337, 338.
New Year’s, French customs, 339.
Niagara Rapids, 290.
Night, Palmer’s watches, 312.
Nikias, a military leader, his superstition, 215-217, 229.
Nineteenth Century, earlier half, 205, 206.
Nobility: the English have two churches to choose from, 169-171, 173;
opposition to Dissent, 256, 257.
Nonconformity, English, 256, 257.
(See Dissent, etc.)
Normans, influence of the Conquest, 251, 252.
Oaths, no obstacle to hypocrisy, 162.
Obedience, filial (Essay VI.), 78-98.
Observation, cultivated, 290, 291.
Obstacles: of Language, between nations (Essay XI.), 148-160;
of Religion (Essay XII.), 161-174.
Occupations, easily confused, 288, 289.
Oil, mineral, 288.
Old Maids, defence, 379-382.
Olympus, unbelief in its gods, 162.
Oman, sea of, 226.
Opinions: not the result of volition, xiii;
of guests to be respected, 105, 106;
changes affecting friendship, 112, 113.
Orange, William of, correspondence, 344, 345.
Oratory, connection with religion, xii, 191-195.
Order of the Universe, to be trusted, iii.
Originality: seen in authorship, 12;
how hindered and helped, 13, 14;
French estimate, 15.
Orthodoxy, placed on a level with hypocrisy, 162, 163.
Ostentation, to be shunned in amusements, 401.
Oxford: opinion of a learned doctor about Christ’s divinity, 6;
Shelley’s expulsion, 96;
its antiquity, 275, 276.
Paganism: hypocrisy, and preferment, 162;
gods and wars, 224.
Paget, Lady Florence, curt letter, 321.
Pain, feminine indifference to, 180.
Painters: taste in travel, 14;
deterioration of a, 28;
discovering new beauties, 60;
Corot, 310, 311;
Palmer, 312;
one in adversity, 314;
gayety not in pictures, 341;
sketches in letters, 345;
of boats, 359;
lack of business in French painter, 367, 368;
idle sketches, 400;
Leloir, 401.
Painter’s Camp in the Highlands, 379.
Painting: fondness for it a cause of discord, 6;
French excellence, 8;
interdependence, 13;
high aims, 28;
palpitating with love, 43;
affecting fraternity, 64;
none in heaven, 191;
not necessarily religious, 198;
copies, 203;
two methods, 232, 233;
convenient building, 261;
ignorance about English, 265-267;
not merely an amusement, 400.
(See Art, etc.)
Paleontology, allusion, 206.
Palgrave, Gifford, saved from shipwreck, 226-228.
Palmer, George, a speech, 223.
Palmer, Samuel, his Bohemianism, 312, 313.
Palmer, William, in Russia, 257, 258.
Paper, used in correspondence, 328.
Paradise: the arts in, 191;
affecting pulpit oratory, 193.
(See Priests.)
Paris: an artistic centre, 8;
incivility at a dinner, 107;
effect of wealth, 121;
elegant house, 142;
English residents, 150;
a lady’s reply about English knowledge of French language, 152;
Notre Dame, 190;
Jardin des Plantes, 209;
hotel incident, 240-242;
not a desert, 242;
light of the world, 266, 267, 274;
resting after dÉjeÛner, 273;
confusion about buildings, 291;
an illiterate tradesman, 360, 361;
the Salon, 367.
Parliament: illustration of heredity, 93;
indebtedness of members to trade, 135;
infidelity in, 162;
superiority of pulpit, 191;
George Palmer, 223;
questions in, 241;
Houses, 291.
Parsimony: affecting family ties, 70;
in hospitality, 104, 105.
Patriotism: obligations, 12;
LittrÉ’s, 210;
Patriotic Ignorance (Essay XIX.), 264-279;
places people in a dilemma, 264;
anecdotes of French and English errors, about art, literature, mountains, landscapes, fuel, ore, schools, language, 265-277;
ignorance leading to war, 277-279;
suspected of lacking, 287-288.
Peace, affected by knowledge of, languages, 148-150, 160.
Peculiarity, of English people towards each other (Essay XVII.), 239-252.
Pedagogues, their narrowness, 154.
Pedestrianism: as affected by railways, 14;
in France, 272, 273;
not enjoyed, 302.
Peel, Arthur, his indebtedness to trade, 135.
Pencil, use, when permissible, 333.
Periodicals, akin to correspondence, 30.
Persecution, feminine sympathy with, 80, 181.
Perseverance, Buffon’s and LittrÉ’s, 209, 210.
Personality: its “abysmal deeps,” 11;
repressed by conventionality, 15;
accompanies independence, 17;
affecting family ties, 63-77 passim;
paternal and filial differences, 78-98 passim;
its frank recognition, 98;
confused, anecdotes, 289, 290.
Persuasion, feminine trust in, 175.
Pestilence, God’s anger in, 222.
Peter the Great, sad relations to his son, 95, 96.
Philistinism: illustrative stories, 285, 286;
defined, 297;
316, 317, 329;
in business, 368.
Propriety, cloak for vice, 297.
Prose: an art, 154;
eschewed by Tennyson, 289.
Prosody, rival of literature, 154.
Protestantism: in France, 19, 165, 256;
Prussian tyranny, 173;
exclusion of music, 191;
clerical marriages, 200, 201;
auricular confession, 201-203;
liberty infringed, 281.
Providence and Law (Essay XV.), 215-231 passim.
Prussia: Protestant tyranny, 173;
a soldier’s cloak, 189;
military strength, 278.
Public Men, wrong judgment about, 4.
Punch’s Almanack, quoted,

133.
Pursuits, similarity in, 10.
Puseyism, despised, 284, 285.
Puzzle, language regarded as a, 153, 154.
Rabelais, quotation, 165.
Racehorses, illustration, 65.
Radicalism, definition, 282, 283.
Railways: affecting independence, 13-15;
meditations in a French, 17;
story in illustration of rudeness, 108, 109;
distance from, 116;
French accident, 218-220;
moving huts, 261, 262;
Stephenson’s locomotive, 293;
allusion, 309;
journeys saved, 360;
compared to sailing, 395.
Rain: cause of accident, 219;
prayers for, 221.
Rank: a power for good, 5;
conversation of French people of, 16;
pursuit of, 27;
discrimination in hospitality, 104;
affecting friendship, 116;
Differences (Essay X.), 130-147;
social precedence, 130;
land and money, 131;
trades and professions, 132-135;
unreal distinctions, 135;
to be ignored, 136;
English and Continental views, 136, 137;
family without title, 138;
affecting hospitality, 139-145;
price, deference, 145-147;
English admiration, 241, 242, 248, 249-252;
connection with amusement, 383-401 passim.
Rapidity, in letter-writing, 324, 325.
Reading, in a foreign language, 154-158.
Reading, Eng., speech, 223, 224.
Reasoning, in letters, 384, 385.
Rebels, contrasted with reformers, 280.
Recreation, the purpose of amusement, 389.
Reeve, Henry, knowledge of French, 152.
Reformers, and rebels, 280, 281.
Refinement: affecting family harmony, 64;
companionship, 71;
enhanced by wealth, 125, 126.
Religion: affecting human intercourse, xi-xiii;
detached from the arts, xii;
affecting friendship, 5, 6;
conventional, 15;
Cheltenham prejudice, 19;
formal in England, 63;
affecting fraternity, 64;
affecting family regard, 74;
clergyman’s son, 90, 91;
family differences, 93, 94;
to be respected in guests, 105, 106;
destroying friendship, 113;
Evangelical, 123;
personal deterioration, 124;
mercenary motives, 132, 133;
title-worship, 137;
an Obstacle (Essay XII.), 161-174;
the dominant, 161;
a hindrance to honest people, 162;
dissimulation, 163;
apparent liberty, 164;
social penalties, 165;
no liberty for princes, 166;
French illustration, 167;
royal liberty in morals, 168;
official conformity, 169;
greater freedom in the lower ranks, 170;
less in small communities, 171;
liberty of rejection and dissent, 172;
false position, 173;
enforced conformity, 174;
Priests and Women (Essay XIII.), 175-204;
of love, 178, 179;
Why we are Apparently becoming Less Religious (Essay XIV.), 205-214;
meditations of ladies of former generation, 205;
trust in Bible, 206;
idealization, 207;
Nineteenth Century inquiries, 208;
Buffon as an illustration, 209;
LittrÉ, 210;
compared with Bible characters, 211;
the Renaissance, 212;
boundaries outgrown, 213;
less theology, 214;
How we are Really becoming Less Religious (Essay XV.), 215-231;
superstition, 215;
supernatural interference, 216, 217;
idea of law diminishes emotion, 218;
railway accident, 219;
prayers and accidents, 220;
future definition, 221;
penitence and punishment, 222;
war and God, 223;
natural order, 224;
Providence, 225;
salvation from shipwreck, 226;
un hazard providentiel, 227;
irreligion, 228;
less piety, 229;
devotion and science, 230;
wise expenditure of time, 231;
feuds, 240;
genteel ignorance of established churches, 255-258;
French ignorance of English Church, 275;
distinctions confounded, 281, 282;
intolerance mixed with social contempt, 284, 285;
activity limited to religion and riches, 301;
in old letters, 320, 321, 323;
female interest in the author’s welfare, 377, 378;
in theology, 379, 380.
(See Church of England, Methodism, Protestantism, etc.)
RÉmusat, Mme. de, letters, 350.
Renaissance, expansion of study in the, 212.
Renan, Ernest, one objection to trade, 132.
Republic, French, 254, 283, 284.
Residence, affecting friendship, 116.
Respect: the road to filial love, 98;
why liked, 122;
in correspondence, 316.
Restraints, of marriage and love, 36, 37.
Retrospection, pleasures of, 400.
Revolution, French, 209, 246, 283.
(See France.)
Riding, Lever’s difficulties, 260.
Rifles: in hunting, 391-393;
names, 392.
Rights. (See different heads, such as Hospitality, Sons, etc.)
Robinson Crusoe, illustration, 21.
Rock, simile, 251.
Roland, his sword Durindal, 391.
Roman Camp, site, 14.
Roman Catholicism: its effect on companionship, 6;
seen in rural France, 19;
illustration of the Pope, 87;
infidel sons, 93;
wisdom of celibacy, 120;
infidel dignitaries, 162;
liberty in Spain, 164;
royalty hearing Mass, 167;
military salute to the Host, 169;
recognition in England, 169, 170, 173;
Continental intolerance, 172, 173;
a conscientious traveller, 173;
oppression in Prussia, 173;
tradesmen compelled to hear Mass, 174;
Madonna’s influence, 176;
priestly consolation, 183;
use of art, 188-190;
Dominican dress, 189;
cathedrals, the Host, 190;
astuteness, celibacy, 199;
female allies, 200;
confessional, 201, 202;
feudal tenacity, 255;
Protestantism ignored, 256;
Romanism ignored by the Greek Church, 258;
compulsory attendance, 282.
(See Priesthood, Religion, etc.)
Romance: like or dislike for, 7;
glamour of love, 42.
Rome: people not subjected to the papacy, 255, 256;
Byron’s letter, 347.
Rossetti, on Mrs. Harriett Shelley, 46.
Rouen Cathedral, 190.
Royal Academy, London, 266, 276.
Royal Society, London, 274.
Royalty, its religious bondage, 166-169, 171.
Rugby, residence of a father, 84.
Ruolz, the inventor, his bituminous paper, 358, 359.
Russell, Lord Arthur, his knowledge of French, 152.
Russia: religious position of the Czar, 168;
orthodoxy, 257, 258;
war with Turkey, 278.
(See Greek Church.)
Sabbath, its observance, 123.
Sacredness, definition of, 208.
Sacrifices: demanded by courtesy, 315, 316;
in letter-writing, 329-331;
to indolence, 368.
Sahara, love-simile, 60.
Saint Bernard, qualities, 230, 231.
Saint Hubert’s Day, carousal, 345.
Saints, in every occupation, 209.
Salon, French, 266, 276, 367.

Sarcasm: lasting effects, 66;
brutal and paternal, 97.
Satire. (See Sarcasm.)
Savagery, return to, 298.
(See Barbarism, Civilization.)
Saxons, influence in England, 251, 252.
Scepticism: and religious rites, 184, 185;
in clergymen’s sons, 201.
(See Heresy.)
Schools, prejudice against French, 106.
Schuyler’s Life of Peter the Great, 96.
Science: study affected by isolation, 29;
and poetry, 57;
superiority to mercenary motives, 132;
in language, 154;
adaptation of Greek language to, 158;
illustration, 166;
cold, 176, 178, 196, 197;
inimical to Lit

escape from paternal brutality, 76;
Fathers and (Essay VI.), 78-98;
change of circumstances, 78;
former obedience, 79;
orders out of fashion, 80;
outside education, 81;
education by the father, 82-85;
rapidity of youth, 86, 87;
lack of paternal resemblance, 88;
differing tastes, 89;
fathers outgrown, 90;
changes in culture, 91;
reservations, 92;
differing opinions, 93;
oldtime divisions, 94;
an imperial son, 95;
other painful instances, 96;
wounded by satire, 97;
right basis of sonship, 98.
(See Family, Fathers, etc.)
Sorbonne, the, professorship of English, 152.
Southey, Robert, Life of Nelson, 327.
Spain: religious freedom, 164;
heretics burned, 180.
Speculation, compared with experience, 30.
Speech, silvern, 85.
Spelling, inaccurate, 360.
(See Languages, etc.)
Spencer, Herbert: made the cover for an assault upon a guest’s opinions, 106;
on display of wealth, 145;
confidence in nature’s laws, 227.
Spenser, Edmund, his poetic stanza, 384.
Sports: often comparatively unrestrained, 36;
affecting fraternity, 64;
youth fitted for, 86;
roughening influence, 100;
affecting friendship, 115;
aristocratic, 124;
among the rich, 143;
ignorance about English, 267, 268;
concomitant of wealth, 297;
not enjoyed, 302;
William of Orange’s, 345;
connection with amusement, 385-401 passim.
Springtime of love, 34.
Stanford’s London Atlas, 274.
Stars, illustration of crowds, 77.
Steam, no help to friendship, 337.
Stein, Baroness von, relations to Goethe, 51-53.
Stephenson, George, his locomotive not a failure, 293.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, her works confounded with George Eliot’s, 290.
Strangers, treatment of by the English and others (Essay XVII.), 239-252 passim.
Stream, illustration from the impossibility of upward flow, 98.
Strength, accompanied with exercise, 302.
Studies: affecting friendship, 111;
literary and artistic, 400, 401.
Subjugation, the motive of display of wealth, 145.
Suez Canal, and superstition, xii.
Sunbeam, yacht, 138, 139.
Sunday: French incident, 128, 129;
allusion, 198;
supposed law, 281.
(See Sabbath.)
Sunset, allusion, 31.
Supernaturalism (Essay XV.), 215-231 passim;
doubts about, 377, 378.
Superstition and religion (Essay XV.), 215-231 passim.
Surgeon, an artistic, 289.
Sweden, king of, 308.
Swedenborgianism, commended to the author, 378.
Swift, Jonathan, Gulliver’s box, 261.
Swimming: affected by railways, 14;
in France, 272.
Switzerland: epithets applied to, 235;
tourists, 240;
Alps, 271;
Goldsmith’s travels, 309;
DorÉ’s travels, 345.
Sympathy: with an author, 9;
one of two great powers deciding human intercourse, 11;
of a married man with a single, 25, 26;
between parents and children (Essay VI.), 78-98 passim;
between Priests and Women (Essay XIII. part I.), 175-186 passim.
Symposium, antique, allusion, 29.
Syracuse, siege, 215-217, 229.
Table: its pleasures comparatively unrestrained, 36;
former tyranny of hospitality, 101, 102;
modern customs, appetite affected by sociability, 102;
excess not required by hospitality, 103;
French fashion, 105;
instances of bad manners, 106, 107, 126-128;
rules of precedence, 130, 131;
matrons occupied with cares, 140, 141;
among the rich, 143;
tyranny, 172;
English manners towards strangers contrasted with those of other nations (Essay XVII.), 239-252;
dÉjeÛner, 273;
among the rich, 297;
talk about hunting, 398, 399.
Talking, contrasted with writing, 354-357.
Tasso, Bernardo, father of the poet, his letters, 350, 351.
Taylor, Mrs., relations to Mill, 53-55.
Telegraphy: under fixed law, 228;
affecting letters, 324, 325, 331, 361;
anecdote, 326.
Telephone, illustration, 336.
Temper, destroys friendship, 112, 118.
Temperance, sometimes at war with hospitality, 102-104.
Tenderness, in letters, 320, 322.
Tennyson: study of past literature, 13;
line about brotherhood, 67;
religious sentiment of In Memoriam, 198;
loyalty to verse, 289;
Palace of Art, 386, 400.
Thackeray, William Makepeace: Rev. Honeyman in The Newcomes, 203;
Book of Snobs, 242.
Thames River, 270, 335.
Theatre: avoidance, 123;
English travellers like actors, 242;
gifts of a painter, 341.
ThÉlÈme, Abbaye de, its motto, 165.
Thierry, Augustin, History of Norman Conquest, 251, 252.
Thiers, Louis Adolphe, friendship with Mignet, 120, 121.
Time, forgotten in labor, 31, 32.
Timidity, taking refuge in correspondence, 356, 357.
Titles: table precedence, 130;
estimate in England and on the Continent, 136, 137;
British regard, 241, 242, 248-252 passim;
French disregard, 248.
Tolerance: induced by hospitality, 99;
of amusements, 389.
Towneley Hall, library, 318.
Trade: English and social exclusion, 19;
foolish distinctions, 132-135;
connection with national peace, 150;
adaptation of Greek language, 158;
interference of religion, 171, 174;
ignorance about English, 265, 266, 268;
Lancashire, 288;
careless tradesmen, 360, 361;
slang, 365.
Translations: disliked, 154;
of Hamerton into French, 267.
Transubstantiation: private opinion and outward form, 169;
poetic, 190.
(See Roman Catholicism, etc.)
Trappist, freedom of an earnest, 164, 165.
Travel: railway illustration, 13-15;
marriage simile, 44;
affecting fraternity, 64;
affecting friendship, 111;
facilitated, 160;
in Arabia, 226;
unsociability (Essay XVII.), 239-252;
in vans, 261, 262;
confusion of places, 291;
dispensing with luxury, 300;
an untravelled man, 301;
not cared for, 302;
cheap conveyances, 304;
books of, 305;
Goldsmith’s, 309.
Trees, and Radicals, 282, 283.
Trinity, denial of, 257.
Truth, violations (Essay XVI.), 232-238.
Tudor Family: Mary’s reign, 164;
criminality, 168;
Mary’s persecution, 180.
Turkey, war with Russia, 278.
Turner, Joseph Mallord William, aided by Claude, 13.
Type-writers, effect on correspondence, 333.
Tyranny: of religion (Essay XII.), 161-174;
meanest form, 172, 174;
of majorities, 398.
Ulysses: literary simile, 29;
Bow of, 392.
Understatement. (See Untruth.)
Union of languages and peoples, 148-150.
Unitarianism: no European sovereign dare profess, 167, 168;
difficulty with creeds, 172;
ignorance about, 257.
United States, advantage of having the same language as England, 150.
Universe, univers, 273-275.
Universities: degrees, 91;
French and English, 275, 276;
Radical members, 284.
Untruth: an Unrecognized Form of (Essay XVI.), 232-238;
two methods in painting, 232;
exaggeration and diminution, 233;
self-misrepresentation, 234;
overstatement and understatement illustrated in travelling epithets, 235;
dead mediocrity in conversation, 236;
inadequacy, 237;
illustration, 238.
Vanity: national (Essay XIX.), 264-279 passim;
taking offence, 279;
absence, 301.
Vice: of classes, 124, 125;
devilish, 195;
part of Bohemianism, 295, 296;
of best society, 297.
Victoria, Queen: quotation from her diary, 186, 187;
her oldest son, 385.
Violin, illustration, 389.
Viollet-le-Duc, anecdote, 364.
Virgil, Palmer’s constant companion, 313.
(See Latin.)
Virgin Mary, her influence, 176.
(See EugÉnie, etc.)
Virtue: of classes, 124, churches, 190;
worship in music, 191;
eloquence, 192;
eager for the right, 194;
obstinacy, 195;
association in benevolence, 196;
love of ceremony, 197;
festivals, 198;
confidence in a clergyman, 199;
marriage formerly disapproved, clergywomen, 200;
relief in confession, 201, 202;
gentlewomen’s letters, 205, 206;
French, among strangers, 242, 243;
want of analysis, 280;
strong theological interest, 377-380;
old maids, 379-382;
gentlewomen, 381, 382;
not interested in sporting talk, 399.
(See Marriage, Wives, etc.)
Word, power of a, 118.

Wordsworth: indebtedness to the poor, 22;
on Nature’s loyalty, 30;
instance of his uncleanness, 311.
Work, softens solitude, 31, 32.
Working-men. (See Lower Classes.)
World, possible enjoyment of, 303.
Worship: word in wedding-service, 62;
limited by locality, 171-174;
musical, 191;
expressions in letters, 321.
Writing, a new discovery supposed, 336.
Wryghame, message by, 320.
Wycherley, William, his ribaldry, 181.
Yachting, 258, 259, 292, 358.
(See Boating.)
York: Minster, 190;
archbishop, 222;
diocese, 275.
Yorkshire, letter to, 320.
Youth: contrasted with age, 87-89;
nonsense reproduced by Shakspeare, 89;
insult, 107;
in friendship, 111, 112;
acceptance of kindness, 117;
semblance caused by ignorance of a language, 151.
Zeus, a hunter compared to, 391.

THE END.

University Press: John Wilson & Son, Cambridge.

---

Footnotes:

[1] An expression used to me by a learned Doctor of Oxford.

[2] The causes of this curious repulsion are inquired into elsewhere in this volume.

[3] The exact degree of blame due to Shelley is very difficult to determine. He had nothing to do with the suicide, though the separation was the first in a train of circumstances that led to it. It seems clear that Harriett did not desire the separation, and clear also that she did nothing to assert her rights. Shelley ought not to have left her, but he had not the patience to accept as permanent the consequences of a mistaken marriage.

[4] Lewes’s “Life of Goethe.”

[5] Only a poet can write of his private sorrows. In prose one cannot sing,—

“A dirge for her, the doubly dead, in that she died so young.”

[6] Schuyler’s “Peter the Great.”

[7] That valiant enemy of false pretensions, Mr. Punch, has often done good service in throwing ridicule on unreal distinctions. In “Punch’s Almanack” for 1882 I find the following exquisite conversation beneath one of George Du Maurier’s inimitable drawings:

[8] I am often amused by the indignant feelings of English journalists on this matter. Some French newspaper calls an Englishman a lord when he is not a lord, and our journalists are amazed at the incorrigible ignorance of the French. If Englishmen cared as little about titles they would be equally ignorant, and two or three other things are to be said in defence of the French journalist that English critics never take into account. They suppose that because Gladstone is commonly called Mr. a Frenchman ought to know that he cannot be a lord. That does not follow. In France a man may be called Monsieur and be a baron at the same time. A Frenchman may answer, “If Gladstone is not a lord, why do you call him one? English almanacs not only say that Gladstone is a lord, but that he is the very First Lord of the Treasury. Again, why am I not to speak of Sir Chamberlain? I have seen a printed letter to him beginning with ‘Sir,’ which is plain evidence that your ‘Sir’ is the equivalent of our Monsieur.” A Frenchman is surely not to be severely blamed if he is not aware that the First Lord of the Treasury is not a lord at all, and that a man who is called a “Sir” inside every letter addressed to him has no right to that title on the envelope.

[9] That of M. LÉopold Double.

[10] I need hardly say that this is not intended as a description of poor men’s hospitality generally, but only of the effects of poverty on hospitality in certain cases. The point of the contrast lies in the difference between this uncomfortable hospitality, which a lover of pleasant human intercourse avoids, with the easy and agreeable hospitality that the very same people would probably have offered if they had possessed the conveniences of wealth.

[11] Italian, to me, seems Latin made natural.

[12] So far as the State and society generally are concerned; but there are private situations in which even a member of the State Church does not enjoy perfect religious liberty. Suppose the case (I am describing a real case) of a lady left a widow and in poverty. Her relations are wealthy Dissenters. They offer to provide for her handsomely if she will renounce the Church of England and join their own sect. Does she enjoy religious liberty? The answer depends upon the question whether she is able to earn her own living or not. If she is, she can secure religious freedom by incessant labor; if she is unable to earn her living she will have no religious freedom, although she belongs, in conscience, to the most powerful religion in the State. In the case I am thinking of, the lady had the honorable courage to open a little shop, and so remained a member of the Church of England; but her freedom was bought by labor and was therefore not the same thing as the best freedom, which is unembittered by sacrifice.

[13] The phrase adopted by Court journalists in speaking of such a conversion is, “The Princess has received instruction in the religion which she will adopt on her marriage,” or words to that effect, just as if different and mutually hostile religions were not more contradictory of each other than sciences, and as if a person could pass from one religion to another with no more twisting and wrenching of previous beliefs than he would incur in passing from botany to geology.

[14] The word “generally” is inserted here because women do apparently sometimes enjoy the infliction of undeserved pain on other creatures. They grace bull-fights with their presence, and will see horses disembowelled with apparent satisfaction. It may be doubted, too, whether the Empress of Austria has any compassion for the sufferings of a fox.

[15] I have purposely omitted from the text another cause for feminine indifference to the work of persecutors, but it may be mentioned incidentally. At certain times those women whose influence on persons in authority might have been effectively employed in favor of the oppressed were too frivolous or even too licentious for their thoughts to turn themselves to any such serious matter. This was the case in England under Charles II. The contrast between the occupations of such women as these and the sufferings of an earnest man has been aptly presented by Macaulay:—

“The ribaldry of Etherege and Wycherley was, in the presence and under the special sanction of the head of the Church, publicly recited by female lips in female ears, while the author of the ‘Pilgrim’s Progress’ languished in a dungeon, for the crime of proclaiming the gospel to the poor.”

This is deplorable enough; but on the whole I do not think that the frivolity of light-minded women has been so harmful to noble causes as the readiness with which serious women place their immense influence at the service of constituted authorities, however wrongfully those authorities may act. Ecclesiastical authorities especially may quietly count upon this kind of support, and they always do so.

[16] Since this Essay was written I have met with the following passage in Her Majesty’s diary, which so accurately describes the consolatory influence of clergymen, and the natural desire of women for the consolation given by them, that I cannot refrain from quoting it. The Queen is speaking of her last interview with Dr. Norman Macleod:—

A little farther on in the same diary Her Majesty speaks of Dr. Macleod’s beneficial influence upon another lady:—

“He had likewise a marvellous power of winning people of all kinds, and of sympathizing with the highest and with the humblest, and of soothing and comforting the sick, the dying, the afflicted, the erring, and the doubting. A friend of mine told me that if she were in great trouble, or sorrow, or anxiety, Dr. Norman Macleod was the person she would wish to go to.”

The two points to be noted in these extracts are: first, the faith in a loving God who cares for each of His creatures individually (not acting only by general laws); and, secondly, the way in which the woman goes to the clergyman (whether in formal confession or confidential conversation) to hear consolatory doctrine from his lips in application to her own personal needs. The faith and the tendency are both so natural in women that they could only cease in consequence of the general and most improbable acceptance by women of the scientific doctrine that the Eternal Energy is invariably regular in its operations and inexorable, and that the priest has no clearer knowledge of its inscrutable nature than the layman.

[17] These quotations (I need hardly say) are from Macaulay’s History, Chapter III.

[18] The difference of interest as regards people of rank may be seen by a comparison of French and English newspapers. In an English paper, even on the Liberal side, you constantly meet with little paragraphs informing you that one titled person has gone to stay with another titled person; that some old titled lady is in poor health, or some young one going to be married; or that some gentleman of title has gone out in his yacht, or entertained friends to shoot grouse,—the reason being that English people like to hear about persons of title, however insignificant the news may be in itself. If paragraphs of the same kind were inserted in any serious French newspaper the subscribers would wonder how they got there, and what possible interest for the public there could be in the movements of mediocrities, who had nothing but titles to distinguish them.

[19] Since this Essay was written I have come upon a passage quoted from Henry Knyghton by Augustin Thierry in his “History of the Norman Conquest:”—

“It is not to be wondered at if the difference of nationality (between the Norman and Saxon races) produces a difference of conditions, or that there should result from it an excessive distrust of natural love; and that the separateness of blood should produce a broken confidence in mutual trust and affection.”

Now, the question suggests itself, whether the reason why Englishman shuns Englishman to-day may not be traceable, ultimately, to the state of feeling described by Knyghton as a result of the Norman Conquest. We must remember that the avoidance of English by English is quite peculiar to us; no other race exhibits the same peculiarity. It is therefore probably due to some very exceptional fact in English history. The Norman Conquest was exactly the exceptional fact we are in search of. The results of it may be traceable as follows:—

1. Norman and Saxon shun each other.

2. Norman has become aristocrat.

3. Would-be aristocrat (present representative of Norman) shuns possible plebeian (present representative of Saxon).

[20] It so happens that I am writing this Essay in a rough wooden hut of my own, which is in reality a most comfortable little building, though “stuffy luxury” is rigorously excluded.

[21] At present it is most inadequately represented by a few unimportant gifts. The donors have desired to break the rule of exclusion, and have succeeded so far, but that is all.

[22] These, of course, are only examples of vulgar patriotic ignorance. A few Frenchmen who have really seen what is best in English landscape are delighted with it; but the common impression about England is that it is an ugly country covered with usines, and on which the sun never shines.

[23] The French word univers has three or four distinct senses. It may mean all that exists, or it may mean the solar system, or it may mean the earth’s surface, in whole or in part. Voltaire said that Columbus, by simply looking at a map of our univers, had guessed that there must be another, that is, the western hemisphere. “Paris est la plus belle ville de l’univers” means simply that Paris is the most beautiful city in the world.

[24] A French critic recently observed that his countrymen knew little of the tragedy of “Macbeth” except the familiar line “To be or not to be, that is the question!”

[25] I never make a statement of this kind without remembering instances, even when it does not seem worth while to mention them particularly. It is not of much use to quote what one has heard in conversation, but here are two instances in print. Reclus, the French geographer, in “La Terre À Vol d’Oiseau,” gives a woodcut of the Houses of Parliament and calls it “L’Abbaye de Westminster.” The same error has even occurred in a French art periodical.

[26] Rodolphe, in “L’Honneur et l’Argent.”

[27] In the library at Towneley Hall in Lancashire.

[28] In Prosper MÉrimÉe’s “Correspondence” he gives the following as the authentic text of the letter in which Lady Florence Paget announced her elopement with the last Marquis of Hastings to her father:—

“Dear Pa, as I knew you would never consent to my marriage with Lord Hastings, I was wedded to him to-day. I remain yours, etc.”

[29] For those who take an interest in such matters I may say that the last representative of the Plumptons died in France unmarried in 1749, and Plumpton Hall was barbarously pulled down by its purchaser, an ancestor of the present Earls of Harewood. The history of the family is very interesting, and the more so to me that it twice intermarried with my own. Dorothy Plumpton was a niece of the first Sir Stephen Hamerton.

[30] Sir Walter Scott had sympathy enough with the courtesy of old time to note its minutiÆ very closely:—

“After inspecting the cavalry, Sir Everard again conducted his nephew to the library, where he produced a letter, carefully folded, surrounded by a little stripe of flox-silk, according to ancient form, and sealed with an accurate impression of the Waverley coat-of-arms. It was addressed, with great formality, ‘To Cosmo Comyne Bradwardine, Esq., of Bradwardine, at his principal mansion of Tully-Veolan, in Perthshire, North Britain. These—by the hands of Captain Edward Waverley, nephew of Sir Everard Waverley, of Waverley-Honour, Bart.’”—Waverley, chap. vi.

I had not this passage in mind when writing the text of this Essay, but the reader will notice how closely it confirms what I have said about deliberation and care to secure a fair impression of the seal.

[31] A very odd but very real objection to the employment of these missives is that the receiver does not always know how to open them, and may burn them unread. I remember sending a short letter in this shape from France to an English lady. She destroyed my letter without opening it; and I got for answer that “if it was a French custom to send blank post-cards she did not know what could be the signification of it.” Such was the result of a well-meant attempt to avoid the non-courteous post-card!

[32] Besides which, in the case of a French friend, you are sure to have notice of such events by printed lettres de faire part.

[33] I need hardly say that there has been immense improvement in this respect, and that such descriptions have no application to the Lancashire of to-day; indeed, they were never true, in that extreme degree, of Lancashire generally, but only of certain small localities which were at one time like spots of local disease on a generally vigorous body.

[34] LittrÉ derives corvÉe from the Low-Latin corrogata, from the Latin cum and rogare.