FOOTNOTES:

Previous
John Hall

[1] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), I. pp. 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, and 354.

[2] The “prÉ carrÉ,” the sea, the Rhine, and the Pyrenees.

[3] N. Senior, Conversations with Thiers, Guizot, etc., I. pp. 288, 323, and 334.

[4] L. Blanc, Histoire de dix ans., I. p. 383.

[5] F. Daudet, Revue des Deux Mondes. 1er dÉcembre, 1909. “La police politique sous la Restauration.”

[6] Guizot, MÉmoires, II. pp. 12-16.

[7] The son of the Duchesse de Berri. The Duc de Berri had been murdered at the Opera House on February 13, 1820, and his son had been born in the following September. The Duc de Bordeaux was therefore the grandson of Charles X. and the nephew of the Duc d’AngoulÊme, the Dauphin. He is better known by the title of the Comte de Chambord.

[8] L. Vitet, “La monarchie de” 1830, Revue des Deux Mondes. 1er dÉcembre, 1860.

[9] L. Blanc, Histoire de dix ans., I. pp. 384-388.

[10] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leyland), I. pp. 141, 142.

[11] Metternich, Memoires, V. pp. 26-28.

[12] Affaires ÉtrangÈres 631, Angleterre, Baudrand À MolÉ, aoÛt 28, 1830. H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, I. p. 330. Edinburgh Review, October, 1830. Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 131-134. C. Greville, Journals, II. pp. 94, 95. Correspondence of Princess Lieven with Earl Grey, II. Grey to Princess Lieven, July 29, 1830.

[13] Despatches and Correspondence of Wellington, VII. Wellington to Aberdeen, August 12th, 1830, pp. 162-169, Memorandum upon Relations with France. C. Greville, Journal, II. p. 21.

[14] Affaires ÉtrangÈres 631, Angleterre: Baudrand À MolÉ, 23 aoÛt, 1830; Vaudreuil À MolÉ, 28 aoÛt, 1830.

[15] F.O. Austria 243, Lamb to Palmerston, September 3, 1833.

[16] Bolton King, History of Italian Unity, I. pp. 51-61.

[17] Metternich, Memoires, IV. p. 222: Metternich À Esterhazy, 7 aoÛt, 1825.

[18] Metternich, Memoires, V. pp. 10-17.

[19] Metternich, Memoires, V. pp. 17-30.

[20] E. Quinet, De l’Allemagne. Revue des Deux Mondes, V. Premier semestre.

[21] William A’Court, first Baron Heytesbury (1779-1860).

[22] F.O. Russia 186, Heytesbury to Aberdeen, August 17, 18, 19, 1830.

[23] F.O. Russia 186, Heytesbury to Aberdeen (most secret and confidential), August 20, 1830.

[24] F.O. Russia 186, Heytesbury to Aberdeen, September 8, 14, 1830.

[25] Guizot, MÉmoires, II. pp. 86-87.

[26] Broglie, Souvenirs, IV. pp. 41-42.

[27] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 Angleterre. Talleyrand À MolÉ, 25 septembre, 1830. Barante, Souvenirs, IV. p. 9.

[28] C. Greville, Journals, II. p. 57.

[29] La Jeune Captive.

[30] There is an interesting article on the subject of Montrond, by H. Welschinger, in the Revue de Paris of the 1er fÉvrier, 1895, entitled “Un ami de Talleyrand.” His name figures constantly in T. Raikes’ Journal, Chroniques de Madame de Dino, C. Greville’s Journals, H. Greville’s Diary, Gronow’s Recollections, etc.

[31] T. Raikes, Journal, I. p. 268, and III. pp. 153-154. Among the papers discovered at the Tuileries, after the Revolution of 1848, and published in the Revue Retrospective, p. 37, Montrond’s name appears opposite a sum of 36,000 francs in the accounts of the secret service funds of the Foreign Office for the year 1842.

[32] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 Angleterre, Vaudreuil À MolÉ 31 aoÛt, 1830. Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 144-147.

[33] F.O. France 405, Aberdeen to Stuart, October 3, 1830.

[34] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 681 (bis) Angleterre Talleyrand a MolÉ, 3, 6, 8 octobre, 1830.

[35] F.O. France 405, Aberdeen to Stuart, October 12, 1830. F.O. France 414, Stuart to Aberdeen, October 1, 8, 11, 1830, Guizot, MÉmoires, II. pp. 95-98. Broglie, Souvenirs, IV. pp. 28-29. L. Blanc, Histoire de dix ans., II. pp. 103-114.

[36] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, Talleyrand À MolÉ, 11 octobre, 1830.

[37] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, MolÉ À Talleyrand, 13 octobre, 1830. F.O. France 414 & 415, Stuart to Aberdeen, 12, 15 October, 1830.

[38] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, MolÉ À Talleyrand, 9, 20 octobre, 1830; Talleyrand À MolÉ, 15, 23, 25 octobre, 1830; 1 novembre, 1830.

[39] F.O. France 405, Aberdeen to Stuart, October 22, 1830. F.O. France 415, Stuart to Aberdeen, October 18, 22, 25, 31, 1830.

[40] Broglie, Souvenirs, IV. pp. 87-91. Guizot, MÉmoires, II. pp. 128-135.

[41] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 681 (bis) Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, novembre 27, 1830.

[42] N. Senior, Conversations with Thiers, Guizot, etc., II. p. 280. C. Greville, Journals, III. p. 210.

[43] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, I. pp. 315-316, 322; II. p. 8

[44] F.O. Russia 186, Heytesbury to Aberdeen, September 4, 1830.

[45] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, Maison À Talleyrand, 13, 15, 22 novembre, 1830. F.O. France 416, Stuart to Aberdeen and Palmerston, November 22, 26, 29, 1830.

[46] F.O. Russia 187, Heytesbury to Aberdeen, October 12, 1830.

[47] Metternich, Memoires, V. pp. 43-48 and 51-57; Metternich À Esterhazy, 21 octobre, 1830. Memoire pour Orloff, 6 octobre, 1830.

[48] Affairs ÉtrangÈres, 601 (bis) et 632, Angleterre, Talleyrand À MolÉ, 29 octobre, 1830; Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 20 novembre, 1830, 10, 21 novembre, 1831.

[49] Schools upon the system advocated by Joseph Lancaster (1778-1838), i.e. upon the monitorial system. (Dictionary of National Biography.)

[50] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 28 dÉcembre, 1830. Metternich, Memoires, V. p. 79, Metternich À Ficquelmont, 31 dÉcembre, 1830.

[51] F.O. France 417, Stuart to Palmerston, December 10, 1830.

[52] Barante, Souvenirs, IV. pp. 174 and 187, RÉmusat À Barante, 2 avril, 1831; Guizot À Barante, 8 avril, 1831. Cf. also N. Senior, Conversations with Thiers, Guizot, etc., Conversation with Victor Cousin, May 20, 1856.

[53] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 728, 729.

[54] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 749, 750. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, Talleyrand, À SÉbastiani, 20 dÉcembre, 1830.

[55] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 759-773.

[56] F.O. France 415, Stuart to Aberdeen, October 19, 1830.

[57] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, Talleyrand À Maison, 7 novembre, 1830.

[58] State Papers, XVII. p. 1242.

[59] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 27 novembre, 1830; SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 25 dÉcembre, 1830. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, SÉbastiani À Bresson, 25 dÉc, 1830.

[60] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 2 dÉcembre, 1830; Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 30 dÉcembre, 1830.

[61] F.O. France 416, Stuart to Palmerston, December 31, 1830; January 3, 1831.

[62] Lord Lamington, In the Days of the Dandies, pp. 127, 128. Dictionary of National Biography, Ponsonby, John, Viscount (1770-1855).

[63] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 187 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 19 dÉcembre 1830; 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 8, 14, 18 janvier, 1831 (particuliÈre et confidentielle).

[64] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) and 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 3, 10, 19 janvier, 1831; Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 7 janvier, 1831.

[65] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, SÉbastiani À Bresson, 19 janvier, 1831.

[66] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 17 janvier, 1831.

[67] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 6 janvier, 1831.

[68] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 187 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 6 dÉcembre, 1830.

[69] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 6 janvier, 1831.

[70] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 17 janvier, 1831 (particuliÈre); 18 janvier, 1831 (particuliÈre et confidentielle).

[71] F.O. France 426, Granville to Palmerston, January 21, 1831.

[72] T. Raikes’ Journal, III. p. 182.

[73] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 37-40; Palmerston to Granville, February 8, 1831.

[74] F.O. France 426, Granville to Palmerston, January 14, 21, 22, 1831.

[75] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 25 janvier, 1831.

[76] T. Juste, Sylvain Van de Weyer, pp. 135-137 and notes.

[77] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, SÉbastiani À Bresson, 19 janvier, 1831.

[78] The leader of the Catholic party in Belgium.

[79] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 21 janvier, 1831.

[80] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 22, 24 janvier, 1831.

[81] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 29 janvier, 1831.

[82] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, LawoËstine À SÉbastiani, 29 janvier, 1831.

[83] F.O. Belgium 4, Ponsonby to Palmerston, February 4, 1831.

[84] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 2, 4, 5 fÉvrier, 1831.

[85] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 774-775.

[86] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 7, 9, 10 fÉvrier, 1831.

[87] F.O. France 426, Granville to Palmerston, February 4, 9, 1831.

[88] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 8 fÉvrier 1831.

[89] F.O. France 424, Palmerston to Granville, February 8, 1831.

[90] F.O. France 426 and 427, Granville to Palmerston, February 11, 12, 1831.

[91] F.O. Belgium 4, Ponsonby to Palmerston. February 11, 1831.

[92] F.O. France 424, Palmerston to Granville, February 25, 1831.

[93] F.O. France 427, Granville to Palmerston, February 28, 1831.

[94] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 12 fÉvrier, 1831.

[95] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, Bresson À SÉbastiani, 9 fÉvrier, 1831.

[96] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 190 Belgique, SÉbastiani À Bresson, 12 fÉvrier, 1831.

[97] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 13 fÉvrier, 1831.

[98] The Comte de Chambord, the posthumous son of the Duc de Berri, in whose favour Charles X. and the Duc d’AngoulÊme had abdicated.

[99] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 27 fÉvrier, 1831.

[100] F.O. France 427, Granville to Palmerston, March 14, 1831.

[101] Metternich, MÉmoires, V. pp. 128-130; Metternich À Apponyi, 21 mars, 1831. H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 51-53, Palmerston to Granville, March 15, 1831.

[102] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by C. Leland), I. pp. 114, 115, 118.

[103] Letters of Harriet, Countess Granville, II. p. 93, Lady Granville to Lady Carlisle, March 14, 1841.

[104] Chateaubriand, MÉmoires, IV. p. 451.

[105] C. Greville, Journal, I. pp. 310-311.

[106] F.O. France 427, Granville to Palmerston, February 21, 24, 1831.

[107] Metternich, Memoires, V. pp. 157-161; Metternich À Apponyi, 16, 19 fÉvrier, 1831.

[108] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, Ier mars, 1831; Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 8, 24 mars, 1831. F.O. France 427 and 428, Granville to Palmerston, March 7, 21, 1831.

[109] The Austrian ambassador at Rome.

[110] Metternich, Memoires, V. p. 125, Metternich À Apponyi, 12 mars, 1831.

[111] F.O. France 427, Granville to Palmerston, March 18, 1831.

[112] F.O. France 428, Granville to Palmerston, March 28, 1831.

[113] Louis Philippe evidently considered that the large majority of his subjects had no religion at all.

[114] F.O. France 428, Granville to Palmerston, April 1, 1831.

[115] F.O. France 427, Granville to Palmerston, March 14, 1831.

[116] F.O. Russia 191, Heytesbury to Palmerston, March 21, 1831.

[117] F.O. France 428, Granville to Palmerston, April 4, 1831.

[118] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 682 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 24 mars, 1831. F.O. France 428, Granville to Palmerston, March 25, 1831.

[119] F.O. France 428, Granville to Palmerston, April 1, 1831.

[120] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 80-127.

[121] C. Greville, Journals (I), II. p. 133. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 4 avril, 1831.

[122] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 28 mars, 1831.

[123] F.O. France 424, Palmerston to Granville, March 18, April 1, 1831. F.O. France 428, Granville to Palmerston, April 1, 1831.

[124] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 798-796. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 132 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 17 avril, 1831. F.O. France 424, Palmerston to Granville, April 17, 1831. F.O. France 428, Granville to Palmerston, April 22, 1831.

[125] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 12 aoÛt 1831. F.O. France 428, Granville to Palmerston, April 8, 11, 1831.

[126] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 3 mai, 1831.

[127] F.O. France 424, Palmerston to Granville, May 17, 1831.

[128] F.O. France 424, Palmerston to Granville, June 7, 1831.

[129] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 9 juin, 1831.

[130] F.O. France 429, Granville to Palmerston, June 10, 1831.

[131] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 13, 15, and 22 juin, 1831; SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 25 juin, 1831.

[132] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 802-806.

[133] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 161-172.

[134] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 4 mars, 1831, 16 avril, 1831, 13 juin, 1831. Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, June 16, 1831.

[135] C. Greville, Journals, (I) II. p. 178.

[136] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 807-817.

[137] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 96-98, Palmerston to Granville, August 5, 1831. F.O. France 430, Granville to Palmerston, August 8, 1831.

[138] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 15 aoÛt, 1831.

[139] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 177-179. F.O. Belgium 6, Adair to Palmerston, August 22, 1831.

[140] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 134 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand 4 aoÛt, 1831. F.O. France 430, Granville to Palmerston, August 4, 1831.

[141] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 7, 9 aoÛt, 1831.

[142] C. Greville, Journals (I) II, pp. 178-179.

[143] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 824-825.

[144] F.O. France 430, Granville to Palmerston, August 5, 7, 13, 14, 15, 1831. F.O. Belgium 6, Adair to Palmerston, August 21, 1831.

[145] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 11, 12, 15 aoÛt, 1831; SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 14, 15 aoÛt, 1831.

[146] F.O. France 425, Palmerston to Granville, August 17, 1831.

[147] State Papers, XVIII. pp. 830-831.

[148] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, Louis Philippe À Talleyrand, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 27 aoÛt, 1841.

[149] F.O. France 425, Palmerston to Granville, August 31, September 5, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, Baudrand À SÉbastiani, 31 aoÛt, 1831.

[150] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 27 aoÛt, 1 septembre, 1831.

[151] F.O. France 430, Granville to Palmerston, August 22, 1831. F.O. France 425, Palmerston to Granville, August 31, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 19 aoÛt, 1831; SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 22 aoÛt, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 192 Belgique, SÉbastiani À La Tour-Maubourg, 15 aoÛt, 1831.

[152] F.O. Belgium 6, Adair to Palmerston, August 21, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 192 Belgique, La Tour-Maubourg À SÉbastiani, 20 aoÛt, 1831.

[153] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 192 Belgique, Belliard À SÉbastiani, 7, 9 aoÛt, 1831.

[154] F.O. Belgium 6, Adair to Palmerston, August 11, 14, 1831.

[155] F.O. Belgium 6, Adair to Palmerston, August 19, 22, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 192 Belgique, Belliard À SÉbastiani, 19, 21 aoÛt; MeulinÄer À GÉrard, 22 aoÛt, 1831. Leopold À GÉrard (undated) undertaking that troops left in Belgium will be the object of his minute attention and will be retained no longer than necessary.

[156] F.O. Belgium 6, Palmerston to Adair, August 27, 1831; Adair to Palmerston, August 30, and September 6, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 192 Belgique, Belliard À SÉbastiani, 1, 3, 8 septembre, 1831.

[157] F.O. France 425, Palmerston to Granville, September 5, 1831.

[158] F.O. Belgium 7, Adair to Palmerston, September 11, 1831.

[159] F.O. France 431, Granville to Palmerston, September 10, 16, 1831.

[160] The Times, September 30, 1831.

[161] T. Raikes’ Journal, I. p. 137.

[162] F.O. France 431, Granville to Palmerston, September 19, 21, 1831.

[163] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 631 (bis) Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 21 dÉcembre, 1830; SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 25 dÉcembre, 1830; 3 janvier 1831.

[164] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 632 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 9 mars, 1831; Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 13, 25 mars, 1831.

[165] F.O. Russia 191, Heytesbury to Palmerston, April 13, 30, 1831.

[166] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 7 juillet, 1831; Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 14, 20, 22 juillet, 4 septembre, 1831.

[167] F.O. Russia 193, Heytesbury to Palmerston, October 8, 10, 1831; November 12, 18.

[168] F.O. Russia 190, Palmerston to Heytesbury, November 23, 1831.

[169] F.O. Russia 198 & 199, Heytesbury to Palmerston, December 18, 1831, January 2, 1832. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 635 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 19 novembre, 1831.

[170] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 179-209.

[171] As the system of the barrier fortresses was to be abandoned.

[172] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 13 septembre, 1831; Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, septembre 29, 1831; 635 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, 4 octobre, 1831; Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20 octobre, 1831; SÉbastiani À Talleyrand 22 octobre, 1831, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 16 novembre, 1831.

[173] F.O. France 426, Palmerston to Granville, October 28, 1831; 431, Granville to Palmerston, September 26, 30, 1831.

[174] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 216-218, 225, 230. H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 116-120; Palmerston to Granville, August 25, 1831.

[175] F.O. Belgium 7, Palmerston to Adair (secret), November 16, 1831. Correspondence of Earl Grey with King William IV., I. p. 338, Grey to Taylor, August 26, 1831.

[176] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 212, 219-221. Correspondence of Earl Grey with King William IV., I. pp. 341-342, Taylor to Grey, August 27, 1831.

[177] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 222-225, and 231-232.

[178] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 635 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 15 dÉcembre, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 635 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand 16, 19 dÉcembre, 1831.

[179] F.O. France 431, Granville to Palmerston, December 16, 1831.

[180] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 635 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30 dÉcembre, 1831.

[181] F.O. France 442, Granville to Palmerston, December 19, 1831.

[182] F.O. France 432, Granville to Palmerston, December 23, 30, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 635 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Talleyrand, C. PÉrier À Talleyrand, 31 dÉcembre, 1831.

[183] F.O. Belgium 7, Adair to Palmerston, December 16, 1831. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 194 Belgique, Tiburce SÉbastiani À SÉbastiani, 12 dÉcembre, 1831; Belliard À SÉbastiani, 13 dÉcembre, 1831.

[184] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 194 Belgique, Belliard À SÉbastiani, 23 dÉcembre, 1831.

[185] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. p. 234.

[186] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 194 Belgique, Belliard À SÉbastiani, 13, 18, 19 dÉcembre, 1831. F.O. Belgium 7, Adair to Palmerston, December 20, 1831. Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 225-230.

[187] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 226-229. Metternich, Memoires, V. pp. 217-224, Metternich À Apponyi, Metternich À Ficquelmont, 27 dÉcembre, 1831. F.O. Austria 234, Forbes to Palmerston, January 7 and 20, 1832. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 636 Angleterre, Talleyrand À C. PÉrier, 25 janvier, 1832.

[188] Despatches and Memoranda of Duke of Wellington, VIII. pp. 277-279 (State of parties in the French Chamber). Heinrich Heine, Letters from Paris, translated by C. Leland, I. p. 125. “And should Lord Grey fall with him will fall Casimir PÉrier. Both keep themselves upright by their mutual tendency to tumble down, like two drunkards who remain standing by leaning one against the other.”

[189] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 635 and 636 Angleterre, C. PÉrier À Talleyrand, 9, 11 janvier, 1832; Talleyrand À PÉrier, 23 janvier, 1832. Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 231-233. F.O. France 444, Granville to Palmerston, January 27, 1832.

[190] State Papers, XIX. pp. 92-93.

[191] F.O. France 444, Granville to Palmerston, January 30, February 1, 13, March 2, 1832.

[192] F.O. Rome 25, Freeborn to Bidwell, January 29, 1832.

[193] F.O. France 445, Freeborn (British consul at Rome) to Granville, February 1, 1832; Granville to Palmerston, February 13, 1832. F.O. Austria 234, Forbes to Palmerston, February 6, 1832.

[194] F.O. France 445, Granville to Palmerston, March 5, 1832. F.O. Austria 234, Forbes to Palmerston, February 14, 1832. F.O. Rome 25, Freeborn to Bidwell, February 1, 1832; Freeborn to Palmerston, February 18, 1832.

[195] F.O. Austria 234, Forbes to Palmerston, February 11, 1832.

[196] F.O. Russia 199, Heytesbury to Palmerston, March 14, 1832.

[197] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 636 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 22, 23 mars, 1832.

[198] Correspondence of Earl Grey with King William IV., II. pp. 351-355. The King to Grey, April 16, 1832, II. pp. 358-368. Grey to the King, April 17, 1832; Grey to Sir H. Taylor, April 17, 1832.

[199] F.O. Austria 234, Lamb to Palmerston, April 25, 1832.

[200] F.O. Tuscany 62, Palmerston to Seymour, February 20, 1832.

[201] F.O. Tuscany 62, Palmerston to Seymour, March 7, 1832. F.O. France 445, Granville to Palmerston, March 14, 1832.

[202] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 636 Angleterre, Talleyrand À C. PÉrier, 6 mars, 1832.

[203] F.O. Austria 234, Lamb to Palmerston, March 1, 2, and 12, 1832. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 636 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 27 mars, 1832.

[204] F.O. Russia 190 & 199, Palmerston to Heytesbury, November 23, 1831; Heytesbury to Palmerston, January 3, 1832. Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 268-270. State Papers, XVIII. pp. 928-931.

[205] F.O. Russia 199, Heytesbury to Palmerston, February 4, 1832. Correspondence of Earl Grey with King William IV., II. p. 215; Grey to Taylor, February 13, 1832.

[206] F.O. Prussia 181, Chad to Palmerston, February 12, 13, 1832.

[207] Russian plenipotentiary at the conference which was settling the affairs of Greece.

[208] F.O. Austria 234, Lamb to Palmerston, February 25, 1832.

[209] F.O. Austria 234, Lamb to Palmerston, March 12, 1832.

[210] F.O. Austria 234, Lamb to Palmerston, March 1, 1832.

[211] F.O. Prussia, 180, Palmerston to Chad, February 3, 1832.

[212] F.O. France, 445, Granville to Palmerston, March 2, 1832.

[213] F.O. Prussia 181, Chad to Palmerston, February 12, 1832.

[214] F.O. Prussia 181, Chad to Palmerston, March 4, 1832.

[215] F.O. Russia 199, Heytesbury to Palmerston, February 11, 19, 27, 1832.

[216] F.O. Netherlands 180, Palmerston to Bagot, March 16, 1832.

[217] F.O. Prussia 180, Chad to Palmerston, March 25, 1832.

[218] F.O. Netherlands 181, Bagot to Palmerston, March 23, 1832.

[219] F.O. Austria 234, Lamb to Palmerston, March 12, 1832.

[220] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 636 Angleterre, Talleyrand À SÉbastiani, 20 avril, 1832.

[221] State Papers, XIX. pp. 95-97.

[222] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 252-257.

[223] F.O. France 442, Palmerston to Hamilton, May 8, 1832. State Papers, XIX. pp. 98-99.

[224] F.O. Russia 199, Heytesbury to Palmerston, April 15, May 18, 1832.

[225] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 258-259.

[226] Correspondence of Earl Grey with King William IV., II. pp. 394-395.

[227] Correspondence of Earl Grey with King William IV., II. pp. 351-355; the King to Grey, April 16, 1832.

[228] Annual Register, 1832, p. 187.

[229] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by C. Leland), I. p. 2.

[230] Metternich, MÉmoires, V. p. 288; Metternich À Apponyi, 21 juin, 1832.

[231] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by C. Leland), I. p. 355.

[232] State Papers, XIX. pp. 102-105. Stockmar, Memoirs, I. p. 262.

[233] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. p. 243.

[234] F.O. Russia 200, Palmerston to Durham, July 3, 1832.

[235] F.O. Russia 200, Durham to Palmerston, July 18, 1832.

[236] Ibid., July 18, 27, August 2, September 8, 12, 1832.

[237] F.O. Russia 200, Durham to Palmerston, August 22, 1832.

[238] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 277-278.

[239] F.O. France 448, Granville to Palmerston, August 3, 6, 1832.

[240] F.O. Belgium 13, Adair to Palmerston, September 7, 1832. F.O. France 448 & 449, Granville to Palmerston, August 27, 29, September 3, 1832.

[241] F.O. France 449, Granville to Palmerston, September 18, 1832.

[242] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. pp. 278-285.

[243] State Papers, XIX. pp. 150-190.

[244] F.O. France 447, Granville to Palmerston, June 29, 1832; D. de Dino Chronique, I. pp. 73-74.

[245] F.O. France 449, Granville to Palmerston, September 28, 1832.

[246] F.O. France 449, Granville to Palmerston, October 4, 1832.

[247] Ibid., October 5, 1832.

[248] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 639 Angleterre, Mareuil À SÉbastiani, 8 octobre, 1832.

[249] The Times, January 31, 1834. Leading article explaining its changed attitude in the Dutch-Belgian question and why it had supported the King of the Netherlands in 1830 and 1831.

[250] C. Greville, Journals, III. p. 33.

[251] Stockmar, Memoirs, I. p. 273.

[252] F.O. France 449, Granville to Palmerston, October 19, 1832.

[253] F.O. Austria 236, Lamb to Palmerston, November 24, 1832.

[254] Metternich, MÉmoires, V. pp. 397-406; Metternich À Schwartzenberg, 13 novembre, 1832; Metternich À Trauttmansdorff, 13 novembre, 1832.

[255] Metternich, MÉmoires, V. pp. 411-413; Metternich À Clam, 13 novembre, 1832.

[256] F.O. France 449, Granville to Palmerston, October 8, 1832. F.O. Prussia 184, Minto to Palmerston, September 29, October 7, 13, 1832. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 639 Angleterre, Mareuil À SÉbastiani, 11 octobre, 1832.

[257] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 639 Angleterre, Talleyrand À Broglie, 18 octobre, 1832.

[258] F.O. France 449, Granville to Palmerston, October 21, 22, 24, 1832.

[259] State Papers, XIX. pp. 258-263.

[260] F.O. Belgium 13, Adair to Palmerston, October 30, 1832.

[261] F.O. France 443 and 450, Palmerston to Granville, November 20, 30, 1832; Granville to Palmerston, November 9, 22, December 7, 1832.

[262] T. Raikes, Journal, I. pp. 88, 92, 93, 102, and 112. C. Greville, Journals, II. p. 329.

[263] F.O. Prussia 184, Minto to Palmerston, October 18, 1832. F.O. France 449, Granville to Palmerston, October 29, 1832.

[264] F.O. Prussia 184, Minto to Palmerston, November 5, 7, 21, 24, 28, 29, December 22, 1832.

[265] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 639 Angleterre, Talleyrand À Broglie, 1 dÉcembre, 1832.

[266] F.O. France 465, Aston to Palmerston, May 3, 11, 1833. F.O. Netherlands 186, Jerningham to Palmerston, February 15, April 18, May 24, 1833.

[267] State Papers, XX. pp. 282-286.

[268] Metternich, MÉmoires, V. pp. 406-411; Metternich À Trauttmansdorff, 13 novembre, 1832.

[269] Minister to Louis XVIII. and Charles X.

[270] C. A. Murray, Memoir of Mohammed Ali, pp. 31-35.

[271] N. Senior, Conversations and Journals in Egypt and Malta, I. p. 27.

[272] F.O. Turkey 213, Mandeville to Palmerston, January 26, 1832.

[273] Commander-in-Chief and Minister of War.

[274] High Admiral.

[275] F.O. Turkey 210, S. Canning to Palmerston, March 7, 1832.

[276] F.O. Turkey 211, S. Canning to Palmerston, May 17, 1832.

[277] F.O. Turkey 213, Mandeville to Palmerston, October 27, 1832 (Report of Captain Maunsell, R.N., of H.M.S. Alfred).

[278] F.O. Turkey 223 & 224, Mandeville to Palmerston, March 11, 1833 (Report of Mr. A. Pisani); Ponsonby to Palmerston, May 24, 1833 (Memorandum of Mr. Kennedy).

[279] F.O. Turkey 211, S. Canning to Palmerston, May 17, 1832.

[280] F.O. Turkey 212, S. Canning to Palmerston, August 7, 1832.

[281] Minister for Foreign Affairs.

[282] F.O. Turkey 212, S. Canning to Palmerston (cipher, separate and secret), August 9, 1832.

[283] F.O. Turkey 213, Mandeville to Palmerston, October 18, 1832.

[284] F.O. Turkey 213, Palmerston to Mandeville, December 5, 1832.

[285] F.O. Turkey 213, Mandeville to Palmerston, December 28, 1832.

[286] F.O. Turkey 212, Mandeville to Palmerston, December 31, 1832. S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, pp. 30-31. F.O. Turkey 222, Mandeville to Palmerston (cipher), January 8, 1833. F.O. France 463, Granville to Palmerston, January 21, 28, 1833.

[287] F.O. Turkey 211 and 212, S. Canning to Palmerston, May 17, 22, 1832. F.O. Turkey 213, Mandeville to Palmerston, September 26, October 26, 1832 (cipher).

[288] F.O. France 463, Granville to Palmerston, January 21, 28, February 7, 1833. F.O. Turkey 227, Palmerston to Campbell, February 4, 1833.

[289] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, pp. ix. 27, 48, 49, 50.

[290] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, pp. 29-30.

[291] On the Sea of Marmora.

[292] F.O. Turkey 222, Mandeville to Palmerston, January 13, 26, 1833.

[293] F.O. Turkey 222, Mandeville to Palmerston, January 28, February 3, 4, 1833. S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, p. 31.

[294] F.O. Turkey 222, Mandeville to Palmerston, February 15, 1833.

[295] About 150 miles beyond Konieh, and 80 miles from Brusa.

[296] F.O. Turkey 222, Mandeville to Palmerston, February 11, 23, 1833.

[297] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, p. 32.

[298] F.O. Turkey 222, Mandeville to Palmerston, February 23, 1833.

[299] F.O. Turkey 228, Campbell to Palmerston, March 31, 1833.

[300] F.O. Turkey 223 Mandeville to Palmerston, March 26, 27, 1833.

[301] F.O. Turkey 223, Mandeville to Palmerston, March 31, 1833.

[302] Ibid., April 14, 1833.

[303] F.O. France 464, Granville to Palmerston, March 18, 22, 29, 1833.

[304] F.O. Turkey 223, Mandeville to Palmerston, April 11, 1833.

[305] Ibid., April 23, 1833.

[306] Ibid., May 4, 1833.

[307] F.O. Turkey 228, Campbell to Palmerston, May 2, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15, 1833.

[308] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, pp. 33-37. F.O. Turkey, Ponsonby to Palmerston, May 22, June 7, July 7, 1833.

[309] F.O. France 466, Granville to Palmerston, July 12, 1833. F.O. Turkey 224, Pisani to Ponsonby (secret and confidential), June 17, 1833; Ponsonby to Palmerston, June 22, 1833.

[310] “Au besoin et d’aprÈs le principe de reciprocitÉ.”

[311] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, p. 41.

[312] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, pp. 42-44.

[313] F.O. France 466, Aston to Palmerston, August 2, 1833.

[314] F.O. Turkey 221, Palmerston to Ponsonby, August 27, 1833.

[315] F.O. Russia 208, Bligh to Palmerston, October 24, 1833.

[316] Ibid., December 28, 1833.

[317] F.O. Russia 207, Bligh to Palmerston, August 24, 1833. F.O. France 466, Aston to Palmerston, August 30, 1833.

[318] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 165-166.

[319] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, pp. 51-52.

[320] F.O. Russia 208, Bligh to Palmerston, December 21, 1833 (confidential).

[321] Matuszewic figures in the well-known picture, “The Melton Breakfast.”

[322] F.O. Austria 243, Lamb to Palmerston, September 3, October 1, December 26, 1833.

[323] F.O. France 481, Granville to Palmerston, February 3, 1834.

[324] F.O. Turkey 221, Palmerston to Ponsonby, December 6, 1833.

[325] Vide p. 75.

[326] F.O. France 430, Granville to Palmerston, July 28, 1831. F.O. France 425, Palmerston to Granville, August 10, 1831.

[327] F.O. Spain 403, Canning to Palmerston, January 22, 1833.

[328] Ibid., March 20, 29, 1833.

[329] Ibid., February 7, 1833 (most secret).

[330] C. Napier, War in Portugal, I. pp. 160-161 and 176-206.

[331] F.O. Portugal 398, Palmerston to Russell, August 7, 1833.

[332] F.O. France 469, Granville to Palmerston, October 10, 1833.

[333] F.O. Spain 412, Villiers to Palmerston, October 7, 15, 19, 24, 31, November 8, 23, December 8, 1833.

[334] Ibid., October 27, 1833 (cypher). F.O. France 465, Granville to Palmerston, November 1, 15, 29, 1833.

[335] F.O. France 468 & 480, Granville to Palmerston, December 16, 1833, January 17, March 14, 1834. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 643 Angleterre, Talleyrand À Broglie, 10 mars, 1834.

[336] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 643 Angleterre, Talleyrand À Rigny, 13, 14 avril, 1834. Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. pp. 86-92.

[337] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 643 Angleterre, Rigny À Talleyrand, 17 avril, 1834.

[338] About £1500 per annum.

[339] T. Raikes, Journal, I. p. 106.

[340] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 166-174 and 180-185.

[341] F.O. Spain 694, Palmerston to Bulwer, August 22, 1846 (confidential).

[342] F.O. France 467, Granville to Palmerston, September 13, 1833. Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. pp. 57-74.

[343] F.O. France 468, Granville to Palmerston, November 1, 1833.

[344] F.O. Netherlands 206, Disbrowe to Palmerston, December 8, 1837 (most secret). Report of a conversation repeated to the British minister by the Carlist agent, Saint-Sylvain (Baron de Los Valles), in which Louis Philippe is supposed to have said, “Je prÉfÈre toujours les capuchons aux bonnets rouges.”

[345] The Fueros of Biscay and Navarre overrode the general laws of Spain. So long as the system remained in force in these provinces the right of taxation, the levy of military forces, and all matters connected with land tenure, were vested in local legislative bodies.

[346] F.O. Spain 439 and 440, Villiers to Wellington, February 11, 1835; Wellington to Villiers, February 17, 1835.

[347] F.O. Spain 439, Wellington to Villiers, March 27, 1835. F.O. Spain 446, Wellington to Eliot, March 26, 1835 (secret).

[348] F.O. France 501, Cowley to Wellington, April 3 (secret and confidential), 17, 20, 24 (separate and confidential), 1835. F.O. France 497, Wellington to Cowley, April 2, 1836. F.O. Spain 446, Eliot to Wellington, March 30, 1835 (private).

[349] F.O. Spain 446, Eliot to Wellington, April 20, 28, 1835; Eliot to Palmerston, May 6, 1835.

[350] F.O. Spain 439, Palmerston to Villiers, May 22, 1835.

[351] F.O. France 502, Granville to Palmerston, June 8, 1835.

[352] F.O. Spain 447, Palmerston to Wylde, July 13, 1835.

[353] F.O. Spain 447, Wylde to Palmerston, August 2, 1835.

[354] F.O. France 504, Granville to Palmerston, August 17, 1835.

[355] F.O. France 503, Granville to Palmerston, July 17, August 10, 1835.

[356] F.O. Portugal 436 & 439, Howard de W. to Palmerston, June 13, November 12, 21 (secret), December 13, 1835.

[357] Revue Retrospective, p. 41. Marquise de LoulÉ, Subvention Accidentelle, 6000 francs.

[358] F.O. Portugal 436, Howard de W. to Palmerston, June 23, 1835 (confidential), contains following enclosure:—

“Lisbon, June 22, 1835.

“My dear Lord,

“You may give Lord Palmerston the most positive assurance that I should resign my position as a minister to the crown the moment it is out of my power to prevent the marriage of the queen with any prince that would put an end to the relations existing between France and England.

“(Signed), Saldanha.”

[359] F.O. France 501, Cowley to Palmerston, May 8, 1835 (separate and confidential).

[360] F.O. Portugal 438, Howard de W. to Palmerston, October 23, 1835 (secret).

[361] Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. p. 146.

[362] F.O. Spain 444, Villiers to Palmerston, September 15, 1835.

[363] F.O. France 504, 505 and 517, Granville to Palmerston, August 21, October 5, 9, 19, 1835; Palmerston to Aston, August 30, 1836.

[364] F.O. Spain 444, Villiers to Palmerston, September 15, 1835 (secret and confidential).

[365] Secretary to the British Legation at Madrid.

[366] F.O. Spain 445, Villiers to Palmerston, November 28, 1835, (most secret and confidential).

[367] F.O. France 506, Granville to Palmerston, December 4, 1835 (private letter).

[368] Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. pp. 147-149 and 421-425; Broglie À Rayneval, 12, 19 dÉcembre, 1835.

[369] F.O. Spain 439, Palmerston to Villiers, December 21, 1835 (secret).

[370] F.O. Spain 457, Villiers to Palmerston, January 2, 1836.

[371] F.O. France 518 and 527, Granville to Palmerston, December 5, 1836; Palmerston to Granville, December 27, 1836.

[372] Thureau Dangin, Monarchie de Juillet, II. p. 178 (note).

[373] Metternich, MÉmoires, VI. pp. 31-53 and 270.

[374] Thureau Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, III. pp. 74-75.

[375] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 221-223. Correspondence of Princess Lieven with Earl Grey, II., Princess Lieven to Grey, August 26, 1835. T. Raikes’ Journal, III. pp. 265-266. C. Greville, Journals (1), III. pp. 20, 314, 385, 386.

[376] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 644 Angleterre, Talleyrand À Rigny, 16, 26 juin, 1834.

[377] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 644 Angleterre, Talleyrand À Louis Philippe, 22 novembre, 1834. In this letter occurs the following sentence, “possibly the honour may be reserved for Wellington of arresting England on the path of decadence.”

[378] F.O. Spain 447. Extract of a private letter from Colonel Wylde, dated Puente de la Reyna, August 8, 1835.

[379] F.O. Spain 464, Wylde to Palmerston, February 12, 18, 1836 (confidential).

[380] F.O. France 516, Palmerston to Granville, March 14, 1836.

[381] F.O. France 520, Granville to Palmerston, March 18, 1836.

[382] F.O. Spain 456, Palmerston to Villiers, June 1 (No. 44), August 22, 1836. F.O. France 59 and 525, Palmerston to Ashton, August 30, 1836; Granville to Palmerston, October 7, 1836.

[383] F.O. Spain 464, Wylde to Palmerston, July 13, 16, 1836.

[384] F.O. Spain 460, Villiers to Palmerston, July 24, 1836.

[385] F.O. Spain 460, Villiers to Palmerston, August 6, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 1836.

[386] The Duc d’OrlÉans married on May 30, 1837, the Princess Helena of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

[387] F.O. France 524, Aston to Palmerston, August 26, 1836.

[388] F.O. France 525, Granville to Palmerston, September 23, 1836.

[389] F.O. France 518, Palmerston to Granville, September 29, 1836.

[390] F.O. France 564, Granville to Palmerston, October 26, 1836.

[391] F.O. France 539, Granville to Palmerston, February 3, 1837 (confidential). H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 243. H. Greville, Diary, I. p. 113. Malmesbury, Memoirs of an ex-Minister, I. p. 272. C. Greville, Journals (1), III. pp. 385-386.

[392] F.O. France 542, Granville to Palmerston, July 3, 1837 (confidential).

[393] F.O. Netherlands 206, Disbrowe to Palmerston, October 6, December 8, 1837 (most secret and confidential).

[394] F.O. Netherlands. Disbrowe to Palmerston, December 8, 1837 (most secret).

[395] A. S. Hume, Modern Spain, pp. 345-346.

[396] Hubbard, Histoire de l’Espagne, IV. pp. 92-93.

[397] F.O. Spain 485, Villiers to Palmerston, December 30, 1837. F.O. France 544, Granville to Palmerston, October 27, 30, 1837 (secret and confidential).

[398] F.O. Spain 486, Wylde to Palmerston, December 10, 1837. F.O. Spain 485, Villiers to Palmerston, December 24, 1837.

[399] F.O. Spain 503, Villiers to Palmerston, April 21, 1838 (secret).

[400] F.O. Spain 499, Palmerston to Villiers, May 7, 1838.

[401] F.O. France 356, Palmerston to Granville, May 7, 1838.

[402] F.O. Spain 526 and 527, Clarendon to Palmerston, February 2, 1839; Southern to Palmerston, March 30, June 1, 1839.

[403] F.O. France 561, Granville to Palmerston, May 14, 1838 (secret and confidential).

[404] F.O. Spain 530, Southern to Palmerston, June 22, 1839.

[405] F.O. Spain 504, Villiers to Palmerston, May 26, 1838 (cypher).

[406] F.O. Spain 505, Villiers to Palmerston, June 16, 23, 30, July 7, 1838.

[407] F.O. Spain 505 and 506, Villiers to Palmerston, June 9, 1838; Hervey to Palmerston, July 14, 1838.

[408] Hubbard, Histoire de l’Espagne, IV. pp. 111-118.

[409] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 65.

[410] F.O. Spain 526, Clarendon to Palmerston, February 27, March 7, 1839. Hubbard, Histoire de l’Espagne, IV. pp. 141-148.

[411] Hubbard, Histoire de l’Espagne, IV. p. 151.

[412] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 104-108.

[413] F.O. France 583, Granville to Palmerston, June 10, 1839. F.O. Spain 530, Southern to Palmerston, June 15, 1839.

[414] F.O. Spain 579 (supplementary), Palmerston to Wylde, August 10, 1839.

[415] F.O. Spain 579 (supplementary), Wylde to Palmerston, August 26, 29, September 1, 1839.

[416] F.O. Spain 534 and 535, Southern to Palmerston, October 19, 1839; Jerningham to Palmerston, November 25, 1839.

[417] F.O. Spain 531, Southern to Palmerston, July 27, 1839.

[418] F.O. Spain 535, Jerningham to Palmerston, December 7, 1839, January 4, 1840.

[419] F.O. Spain 552, Aston to Palmerston, May 23, 30, June 8, 1840.

[420] F.O. Spain 553, Aston to Palmerston, July 21, August 22, September 3, 1840. Hubbard, Histoire de l’Espagne, IV. pp. 228-229.

[421] F.O. Spain 547, Palmerston to Aston, September 3, 1840 (confidential).

[422] F.O. Spain 554 and 555, Aston to Palmerston, September 22, 1840; Scott to Palmerston, October 1, 1840; Aston to Palmerston, October 11, 1840.

[423] Hubbard, Histoire de l’Espagne, IV. pp. 233-235.

[424] F.O. Turkey 283, Campbell to Palmerston, August 23, 1836.

[425] F.O. France 485 and 487, Granville to Palmerston, June 23, 1834; Aston to Palmerston, August 13, 1834, September 15, 1834. F.O. Turkey 234, Palmerston to Ponsonby, August 23, 1834.

[426] F.O. Turkey 246, Campbell to Palmerston, September 4, 5, 1834 (secret and confidential).

[427] F.O. Turkey 244, Palmerston to Campbell, October 26, 1834. F.O. France 488, Granville to Palmerston, October 27, 1834.

[428] F.O. France 480 and 483, Granville to Palmerston, January 24, March 14, April 18, 1834.

[429] Sir Stratford Canning, who had been created Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, was ambassador to the Porte at the time of the Crimean War. The negotiations are said to have been influenced by Nicholas’ dislike of him.

[430] F.O. Russia 201 and 207, Palmerston to Bligh, October 27, 1832; Bligh to Palmerston, November 17, 1832; Palmerston to Bligh, December 14, 1832; Bligh to Palmerston, January 9, May 29, June 19, 1833 (the whole of this correspondence is in the form of private letters).

[431] The following article appeared in The Times of May 28, 1834: “The recall of Prince Lieven, or rather of Madame la Princesse, is an event. We cannot say of Her Serene Highness that the petit nez retroussÉ has occasioned much mischief, whatever her organs of speech or her implements of writing may have done. . . . There never figured on the courtly stage a female intriguer more restless, more arrogant, more (politically and therefore we mean it not offensively) odious and insufferable than this supercilious ambassadress. She fancied herself a ‘power,’ she was, however, more frequently a dupe,” etc., etc.

[432] E. Daudet, Une Vie d’Ambassadrice, pp. 170, 180-183.

[433] F.O. Turkey 234, Palmerston to Ponsonby, March 10, 1834 (secret).

[434] F.O. France 497, Wellington to Aston, March 17, 1835.

[435] C. Greville, Journals (1), III. pp. 225-229.

[436] F.O. Turkey 271, Palmerston to Ponsonby, June 20, 1836.

[437] F.O. Turkey 274, Ponsonby to Palmerston, May 15, 1836.

[438] F.O. Turkey 273, Ponsonby to Palmerston, March 14, 1836.

[439] F.O. Russia 223, Durham to Palmerston, February 6, 1836, March 3, 1836 (confidential); cf. Barante, Souvenirs, V. pp. 277-278, 299-300, 346.

[440] Vide p. 168.

[441] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 360, Palmerston to Melbourne, July 5, 1840.

[442] F.O. France 520, Granville to Palmerston, February 26, 1836.

[443] F.O. France 489, Granville to Wellington, December 12, 1834.

[444] British chargÉ d’affaires in Paris.

[445] F.O. France 523, Aston to Palmerston, July 25, 29, 1836 (private letter).

[446] Lesseps, Ferdinand, Vicomte de, conceived in 1854 the great scheme of cutting the Suez Canal.

[447] F.O. Turkey 284, Campbell to Palmerston, October 30, November 18, 1836.

[448] F.O. Turkey 284 and 319, Campbell to Palmerston, December 20, 1836, January 21, 24, April 7, 11, 1837.

[449] F.O. France 562, Granville to Palmerston, June 25, 1838.

[450] F.O. Turkey 271 and 274, Ponsonby to Palmerston, April 8, 1836 (secret); Palmerston to Ponsonby, May 7, 1836 (secret). “His Majesty’s government do not expect that any communication which he (the Sultan’s agent) is to make will induce them to consider an attack upon Mehemet Ali, in the present relative strength of the two parties, as anything but an act of the most extreme impolicy.”

[451] F.O. Turkey 271, Palmerston to Ponsonby, March 7, 1836 (private and confidential).

[452] The Turkish Commander in Asia Minor.

[453] F.O. Turkey 271, Palmerston to Ponsonby, March 29, 1836 (secret and confidential).

[454] F.O. Turkey 342, Campbell to Palmerston, January 22, 1838.

[455] The name given to the immunities and privileges granted in the sixteenth century to France, and gradually extended to other Powers.

[456] F.O. Turkey 328, Palmerston to Ponsonby, February 6, 1838.

[457] F.O. Turkey 332, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 19, 1838.

[458] On the subject of the alleged ill-treatment of the crew of a ship-wrecked vessel sailing under British colours.

[459] F.O. Turkey 342, Campbell to Palmerston, January 16, 1838.

[460] Ibid., March 27, 1838.

[461] F.O. Turkey 343, Palmerston to Campbell, June 8, 1838; Campbell to Palmerston, June 9, September 1, 1838.

[462] F.O. Turkey 342, Palmerston to Campbell, February 6, March 16, 1838; Campbell to Palmerston, April 3, 5, May 19, 21, 1838.

[463] F.O. Turkey 342, Campbell to Palmerston, May 25, 1838.

[464] F.O. France 557, Palmerston to Granville, July 3, 1838.

[465] F.O. Turkey 343, Campbell to Palmerston, August 16, 24, September 5, 8, 1838.

[466] F.O. Turkey 343, Campbell to Palmerston, September 28, 1838.

[467] F.O. France 564, Granville to Palmerston, September 21, 28, October 5, 1838. F.O. Turkey 332, Ponsonby to Palmerston, October 29, 1838.

[468] H. Rawlinson, Russia and England in the East, pp. 139-151.

[469] Correspondence relating to Persia and Afghanistan, Palmerston to Clanricarde, October 26, 1838; Nesselrode À Pozzo, 20 octobre, 1838; Palmerston to Pozzo, December 20, 1838; Nesselrode À Pozzo, 20 janvier, 1839.

[470] F.O. Russia 252, Clanricarde to Palmerston, May 25, 1839.

[471] F.O. Turkey 274, Ponsonby to Palmerston, May 7, 1836.

[472] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 291-294.

[473] Lettres du MarÉchal Moltke sur l’Orient, II. pp. 310-311.

[474] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, April 12, 1839. F.O. Turkey 355, Ponsonby to Palmerston, March 20, 23, 1839 (confidential).

[475] F.O. Turkey 332, Ponsonby to Palmerston, September 5 (secret), October 3, 13, November 9, December 31, 1838.

[476] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 267-269; Palmerston to Granville, June 8, 1838.

[477] Levant correspondence, Reshid À Palmerston, 26 avril, 1839; Palmerston to Reshid, May 6, 1839; Ponsonby to Palmerston, April 6, 1839. F.O. Turkey 355, Ponsonby to Palmerston, April 22, 1839.

[478] Thureau Dangin, Monarchie de Juillet, IV. p. 48.

[479] Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. PiÈces Historiques, Bourqueney À Soult, 20 juin, 1839.

[480] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, July 18, 1839; Palmerston to Beauvale, July 23, 1839.

[481] Levant correspondence, Campbell to Palmerston, May 19, 1839.

[482] Ibid., June 14, 1839.

[483] Ibid., June 16, 1839.

[484] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 3, 1839.

[485] Ibid., July 8, 1839.

[486] F.O. France 584, Granville to Palmerston, July 29, 1839.

[487] Vice-Admiral.

[488] F.O. Turkey 360, Ponsonby to Palmerston, November 27, 28, 30, December 3, 1839.

[489] Revue des Deux Mondes, 1er aoÛt, 1852, L’Escadre de la MÉditerranÉe. See also curious remarks of M. Thureau-Dangin, Monarchie de Juillet, IV. pp. 53-56.

[490] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, July 30, 1839; Palmerston to Beauvale, August 1, 1839; Guizot, MÉmoires, PiÈces historiques, Bourqueney À Soult, 23 juillet, 1839.

[491] F.O. Russia 243, Palmerston to Clanricarde, October 10, 1838.

[492] Levant correspondence, Dalmatie À Bourqueney, 17 juin, 1839; Beauvale to Palmerston, June 14, 1839; Palmerston to Beauvale, June 28, 1839; Palmerston to Granville, June 29, 1839; Beauvale to Palmerston, June 30, 1839; W. Russell to Palmerston, July 6, 1839; Beauvale to Palmerston, July 10, 1839.

[493] Ibid., Clanricarde to Palmerston, July 27, 1839; Nesselrode À Kisseleff, 15-27 juillet, 1839.

[494] Ibid., Granville to Palmerston, July 30, 1839; Soult À Bourqueney, 26 juillet, 1839.

[495] Ibid., Palmerston to Granville, July 30, 1839.

[496] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 21, 22, 1839.

[497] Ibid., July 26, 1839.

[498] Ibid., July 29, 1839.

[499] Sir Frederick Lamb, created Baron Beauvale in 1839.

[500] Thureau-Dangin, Monarchie de Juillet, IV. p. 58 (note).

[501] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 29, 1839.

[502] L. VÉron, MÉmoires d’un Bourgeois de Paris, V. pp. 17, 19.

[503] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Beauvale, June 28, 1839.

[504] Guizot, MÉmoires, PiÈces historiques, Soult À Bourqueney, 17 juin, 1839.

[505] Levant correspondence, Granville to Palmerston, August 8, 9, 19, 1839.

[506] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Bulwer, August 20, 1839; Palmerston to Admiralty, August 24, 1839; Palmerston to Beauvale, August 25, 1839.

[507] Ibid., Bulwer to Palmerston, August 26, 1839.

[508] Ibid., August 30, 1839.

[509] F.O. France 586, Bulwer to Palmerston, September 16, 1839 (secret and confidential).

[510] F.O. Turkey 358, Stopford to Ponsonby, August 21, 1839.

[511] F.O. Turkey 372, Palmerston to Campbell, August 13, and September 11, 1839 (separate).

[512] F.O. Turkey 358, Ponsonby to Palmerston, September 10, 1839 (report of General Chrzanowski on battle of Nezib); also Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 29, 1839.

[513] Lettres du MarÉchal de Moltke sur l’Orient, p. 340.

[514] F.O. Turkey 358, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 12, 1839 (report of General Jochmus on battle of Nezib).

[515] F.O. Turkey 357, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 7, 1839 (enclosing Chrzanowski’s plan for bringing Mehemet Ali to reason).

[516] Levant correspondence, Clanricarde to Palmerston, August 27, 28, 1839.

[517] Ibid., Palmerston to Clanricarde, October 25, 1839.

[518] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, pp. 52-82.

[519] Levant correspondence, Dalmatie À SÉbastiani, 26 septembre, 1839.

[520] Ibid., Palmerston to Bulwer, September 28, 1839.

[521] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 348.

[522] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Clanricarde, October 25, 1839.

[523] Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. pp. 365-367.

[524] F.O. France 586, Bulwer to Palmerston, September 13, 1839.

[525] F.O. Turkey 372, Palmerston to Campbell, September 11, 1839 (separate).

[526] F.O. France 587, Bulwer to Palmerston, October 4, 1839.

[527] Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. pp. 367-370.

[528] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 654 Angleterre, SÉbastiani À Soult, 5 janvier, 1840.

[529] Ibid., 27 janvier, 1840.

[530] Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. pp. 369-375.

[531] Vide p. 221.

[532] F. Daudet, Une Vie d’Ambassadrice, pp. 236-239. The liaison of Princess Lieven with Guizot is the origin of Balzac’s story, Les Secrets de la Princesse de Cadignan. Guizot figures in the character of d’Arthez.

[533] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. p. 63.

[534] Ibid., V. p. 64.

[535] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. PiÈces historiques, Soult À Guizot, 19 fÉvrier, 1840.

[536] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 634 Angleterre, Thiers À Guizot, 12 mars, 1840.

[537] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. p, 207.

[538] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. p. 65.

[539] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 654 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 12, 16 mars, 1840.

[540] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 654, 655 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 13, 16 avril, 1840; Thiers À Guizot, 14, 20 avril, 1840.

[541] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 10 mai, 1840.

[542] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. pp. 61, 62.

[543] Ellice, Edward (1781-1863) had been a member of Lord Grey’s government from 1830 to 1834.

[544] Correspondence of Princess Lieven with Earl Grey, III.; P. Lieven to Grey, April 13, 1836; Grey to P. Lieven, May 6, and October 22, 1836.

[545] Creevey Papers, II. p. 309.

[546] Vide p. 53.

[547] F.O. France 600, Palmerston to Granville, October, 1840 (private letter, part of which is given in Bulwer’s Life of Palmerston).

[548] Duchesse de Dino, Chronique, III. p. 228.

[549] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 1 juin, 1840.

[550] Metternich, MÉmoires, VI. pp. 430-432, and 454-464.

[551] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 8 mai, 1, 9, 13 juin, 1840; Thiers À Guizot, 16 juin, 1840.

[552] Levant correspondence, Campbell to Palmerston, August 7, 1839.

[553] Levant correspondence, Campbell to Palmerston, September 2, 26, 1839; Campbell to Ponsonby, October 19, 1839; Young to Palmerston, October 16, 1839; Hodges to Palmerston, January 4, 13, 14, 16, 23, February 12, 1840.

[554] Levant correspondence, Wagner to Koenigsmark, November 26, 1839.

[555] F.O. Turkey 392, Ponsonby to Palmerston, March 3, 1840 (secret).

[556] F.O. Russia 260, Clanricarde to Palmerston, February 24, May 23, 1840.

[557] The despatches of the French consuls at this period are not available for inspection.

[558] F.O. Turkey 359, 360, Ponsonby to Palmerston, October 30, November 24, December 18, 1839; F.O. Turkey 392, Ponsonby to Palmerston, January 28, 29, 1840. Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, November 13, 1839.

[559] Coste (Jacques), 1798-1859, founder and manager of the Temps, the organ of the tiers parti. This venture proved a disastrous failure, and M. Coste in 1840 was in pecuniary difficulties. There are frequent allusions to his embarrassments in his correspondence with Fethi Ahmed Pasha.

[560] F.O. Turkey 394, Ponsonby to Palmerston, May 29, 1840 (separate and confidential)—“Your Lordship knows the intimacy which exists between M. Coste and M. Thiers, and he (Coste) undoubtedly does speak (as he asserts) the sentiments of the President of the French ministry.” Lord Ponsonby goes on to state that the original letters have been in his hands. The copies transmitted contain many notes in Palmerston’s handwriting.

[561] F.O. Turkey 395, Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 13, 1840 (separate and confidential).

[562] F.O. Turkey 395, Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 30, 1840 (separate and confidential).

[563] Vide p. 227.

[564] F.O. Turkey 405, Hodges to Palmerston, June 17, 19, 1840.

[565] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. pp. 205, 206.

[566] Levant correspondence, Hodges to Palmerston, June 16, 1840.

[567] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 11 juillet, 1840.

[568] F.O. Turkey 394, Ponsonby to Palmerston, June 23, 1840.

[569] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. pp. 218-220.

[570] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, IV. p. 221. H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. p. 432; Palmerston to Hobhouse, July 27, 1843.

[571] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 308-309.

[572] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 356-363; Palmerston to Melbourne, July 5, 6, 1840.

[573] To the Cabinet minute submitting to the Queen the expediency of making the treaty, the dissent of Holland and Clarendon was appended. C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 304.

[574] Levant correspondence, Part I. pp. 689-700.

[575] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 426-433; Palmerston to Hobhouse, July 27, 1843.

[576] Metternich, MÉmoires, IV. p. 436; Metternich À Apponyi, 4 aoÛt, 1840.

[577] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 17 juillet, 1840. Guizot, MÉmoires, V. pp. 220-228.

[578] He had been transferred from Constantinople to Paris as secretary of embassy in 1839.

[579] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 315. Levant correspondence, Bulwer to Palmerston, July 20, 1840.

[580] F.O. France 604, Bulwer to Palmerston, July 27, 1840 (most confidential).

[581] Ibid., Granville to Palmerston, August 3, 1840 (confidential).

[582] The Times, July 27, August 1, 3, 1840.

[583] Ibid., August 7, 1840.

[584] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Thiers À Guizot (undated, probably, 21 juillet, 1840). Guizot, MÉmoires, V. pp. 230-235.

[585] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 329.

[586] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. p. 271-272.

[587] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 665 Angleterre, Louis Philippe au Roi des Belges, 13 aoÛt, 1840.

[588] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Bourqueney À Thiers, 8 aoÛt, 1840.

[589] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 21, 22 aoÛt, 1840. Guizot, MÉmoires, V. 278-290.

[590] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Bulwer, August 31, 1840.

[591] The Times, October 7, 1840.

[592] Guizot, MÉmoires, V. pp. 290-296.

[593] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 5, 8, 1840.

[594] Admiralty (in letters) 5503 Syria, Palmerston to Admiralty, July 16, 17, 23, 1840 (secret).

[595] C. Napier, War in Syria, I. p. 10.

[596] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, December 10, 13, 1839, January 3, February 14, March 5, 17, 1840.

[597] Admiralty (in letters), 5503 Syria, Palmerston to Admiralty, July 25, 1840 (secret).

[598] Levant correspondence, Hodges to Palmerston, July 23, 1840.

[599] Colonel SÈves.

[600] C. Napier, War in Syria, I. pp. 29-49. Admiralty (in letters), 5503 Syria, Napier to Stopford, August 21, 1840.

[601] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 17, 1840.

[602] F.O. Turkey 396, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 19, 1840.

[603] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, August 22, 1840.

[604] F.O. France 605, Bulwer to Palmerston, September 7, 1840.

[605] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Guizot, September 9, 1840.

[606] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 160.

[607] T. Raikes’ Journal, IV. p. 43.

[608] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 160.

[609] F.O. France 605, Bulwer to Palmerston, August 31, 1840. Thureau Dangin, Monarchie de Juillet, IV. pp. 242-243. The Times, September 1, 1840.

[610] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 39. Letters of Queen Victoria, October 2, 1840 (I. K. Leopold to Queen Victoria).

[611] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 141.

[612] Levant correspondence, Hodges to Palmerston, August 24, 1840.

[613] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 324-327.

[614] F.O. France 605, Bulwer to Palmerston, September 18, 1840 (private and confidential).

[615] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 655 Angleterre, Guizot À Thiers, 20 septembre, 1840. Guizot, MÉmoires, V. pp. 317-323.

[616] S. Walpole, Life of Lord John Russell, I. pp. 347-348. C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 304.

[617] Vide p. 265.

[618] C. Greville, Journals (2), II. p. 106.

[619] Melbourne Papers, pp. 472-473.

[620] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 310-311, in particular, and Chapters VIII. and IX. in general.

[621] The Times, December 1, 1840.

[622] The Times, December 7, 1840.

[623] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 343-344.

[624] Melbourne Papers, II. p. 479.

[625] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. p. 348.

[626] Melbourne Papers, pp. 467-480. C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 312-318.

[627] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 331.

[628] The Princess Royal was born November 21, 1840.

[629] S. Walpole, Life of Lord John Russell, I. pp, 352-353.

[630] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, October 6, 1840.

[631] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 324-327. S. Walpole, Life of Lord John Russell, p. 354. Melbourne Papers, pp. 483-484.

[632] Levant correspondence, Schlemnitz to Palmerston, October 9, 1840; Brunnow to Palmerston, October 12, 1840; Neumann to Palmerston, October 12, 1840.

[633] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, September 10, 14, 1840; Hodges to Palmerston, September 22, 1840.

[634] C. Napier, War in Syria, I. pp. 47-68.

[635] H. Heine, Letters from Paris (translated by Leland), II. p. 49.

[636] Memoirs of H. Reeve, I. p. 130.

[637] Ibid., pp. 122-129.

[638] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 333-334.

[639] Letters of Queen Victoria, Palmerston to the Queen, October 11, 1840.

[640] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, October 2, 1840.

[641] S. Walpole, Life of Lord John Russell, I. pp. 354-357.

[642] Letters of Queen Victoria, Melbourne to the Queen, October 9, 1840.

[643] Levant correspondence, Thiers À Guizot, 3 octobre, 1840.

[644] Ibid., 8 octobre, 1840.

[645] L. VÉrnon, MÉmoires d’un Bourgeois de Paris, V. p. 27.

[646] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 337. Letters of Queen Victoria, Melbourne to the Queen, October 11, 1840.

[647] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, October 15, 1840; Palmerston to Granville, October 17, 1840.

[648] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, IV. p. 343.

[649] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, October 8, 1840.

[650] F.O. France 606, Granville to Palmerston, October 12, 1840. Levant correspondence, Granville to Palmerston, October 12, 1840.

[651] Admiralty (in letters) 5495, Martin to Stopford, April 26, 1840.

[652] F.O. France 605, Bulwer to Palmerston, September 14, 1840 (confidential).

[653] Vide p. 217.

[654] F.O. Spain 555, Scott to Palmerston, October 23, 1840 (secret); Aston to Palmerston, November 7, 1840. Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Aston, October 15, 1840. H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 341-343.

[655] Melbourne Papers, p. 487.

[656] Guizot, MÉmoires, IV. pp. 400-402. Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, IV. pp. 344-346.

[657] Vide pp. 269-273.

[658] F.O. Sardinia 112, Abercromby to Palmerston, November 28, December 30, 1840. F.O. Sicily 169, Temple to Palmerston, September 16, 1840. Thureau-Dangin, Monarchie et Juillet, IV. pp. 274-275.

[659] F.O. Austria 208, Beauvale to Palmerston, February 2, 5, 1841. F.O. Russia 271, Clanricarde to Palmerston, February 3, 1841.

[660] “Sie sollen ihn nicht haben, den frien deutschen Rhein.”

[661] Metternich, MÉmoires, VI. p. 447.

[662] Memoirs of H. Reeve, pp. 134-135. Melbourne Papers, p. 492. C. Greville, Journals (2), I. pp. 347-349.

[663] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Granville, November 2, 20, 1840; Granville to Palmerston, November 5, 1840.

[664] Admiralty (in letters) 5503, Syria, Palmerston to Admiralty, October 5, 1840 (secret).

[665] F.O. Turkey 397, Ponsonby to Palmerston, October 7, 1840 (confidential).

[666] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Admiralty, November 14, 1840.

[667] Levant correspondence, Barrow to Leverson, December 15, 1840.

[668] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 16, 1840 (enclosure I.); Napier to Ponsonby, December 14, 1840, “I was led to believe by letters which I had received from different members of the Government that they were most anxious to settle the Eastern question speedily.”

[669] Ibid., Palmerston to Admiralty, December 15, 1840; Palmerston to Ponsonby, December 17, 1840.

[670] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 8, 1840.

[671] Admiralty (in letters) 5504, Syria, II., Stopford to Admiralty, December 10, 1840.

[672] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 16, 23, 1840.

[673] Ibid., Palmerston to Ponsonby, October 15, 1840.

[674] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 23, 1840.

[675] Ibid., Palmerston to Ponsonby, December 17, 1840.

[676] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, January 10, 13, 1841.

[677] Ibid., Barrow to Backhouse, February 1, 28, 1841.

[678] F.O. Turkey 399, Ponsonby to Palmerston, December 13, 1840. F.O. Austria 208, Beauvale to Palmerston, March 5, 1841. Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, February 21, 1841. Admiralty (in letters) 5504, Syria, II., Backhouse to Admiralty, April 17, 1841.

[679] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, February 14, 15, 1841; Chekib Effendi to Palmerston, March 11, 1841.

[680] Ibid., Granville to Palmerston, December 4, 1840.

[681] F.O. France 607, Granville to Palmerston, November 27, 1840.

[682] Guizot, MÉmoires, VI. p. 78.

[683] Vide p. 253.

[684] S. Goriainow, Le Bosphore et les Dardanelles, p. 83.

[685] Levant correspondence, Nesselrode to Brunnow, December 10, 22, 1840.

[686] F.O. Russia 271, Clanricarde to Palmerston, January 18, 1841 (confidential).

[687] Ibid., March 9, 1841 (confidential).

[688] F.O. Russia 269, Palmerston to Clanricarde, January 11, 1841.

[689] Among the despatches in vol. 653 Angleterre, is an extract from a letter from M. —— to M. Guizot, dated November 28, 1840; the writer gives the views of Melbourne, Russell and Lansdowne. He also speaks of a conversation with Esterhazy, and talks of an interview of two hours’ duration with Palmerston. The author of this communication was perhaps Ellice. The evidence of Greville’s Journal seems to make it very improbable that he was responsible for it. Nor can the authorship of it be imputed to Reeve.

[690] Guizot, MÉmoires, VI. pp. 49-50.

[691] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, January 29, 1841.

[692] F.O. Austria 208, Beauvale to Palmerston, January 17, 1841.

[693] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Bloomfield, December 2, 1840.

[694] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 657 Angleterre, Bourqueney À Guizot, 7 janvier, 1841 (confidentielle et rÉservÉe).

[695] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, March 16, 1841.

[696] Ibid., Granville to Palmerston, March 12, 15, 1841.

[697] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, March 6, 9, 17, 27, 1841. Guizot, MÉmoires, VI. pp. 95-98.

[698] Ibid., Palmerston to Ponsonby, April 10, 1841.

[699] Ibid., Palmerston to W. Russell, April 21, 1841.

[700] Ibid., Beauvale to Ponsonby, April 19, 1841; Beauvale to Palmerston, April 22, 1841.

[701] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, March 27, 1841 (enclosures).

[702] F.O. Turkey 427, Palmerston to Ponsonby, January 26, 1841.

[703] Ibid., 433, Ponsonby to Palmerston, April 6, 1841 (confidential).

[704] Levant correspondence, Palmerston to Ponsonby, April 10, 1841.

[705] Levant correspondence, Beauvale to Palmerston, April 9, 14, 1841.

[706] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, April 14, 1841.

[707] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, May 12, 26, 1841.

[708] Guizot, MÉmoires, VI. pp. 111-112.

[709] Levant correspondence, Ponsonby to Palmerston, June 21, 1841.

[710] S. Walpole, History of England from 1815, IV. pp. 334-338.

[711] Memoirs of Henry Reeve, p. 141.

[712] C. Greville’s Journals (2), I, p. 356.

[713] Jarnac, Lord Aberdeen, Revue des Deux Mondes, 15 juillet, 1860.

[714] Vide p. 313.

[715] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, II. pp. 376-383. Guizot, MÉmoires, VI. pp. 130-145 and 412-417. In the speech complained of, Palmerston, besides denouncing the alleged cruelties committed by the French army, was so ill-advised as to draw a comparison between the tranquil condition of Afghanistan under a British military occupation and the disturbed state of Algeria. How spurious was the peace of which he boasted was proved, six months later, by the overwhelming disaster which overtook Elphinstone’s army.

[716] Guizot, MÉmoires, VI. pp. 220-241.

[717] F.O. France 623, Bulwer to Palmerston, April 26, 1841.

[718] F.O. Spain 509, Villiers to Palmerston, November 17, 1838 (secret).

[719] Ibid., 510, Villiers to Palmerston, December 1, 1838 (secret).

[720] Ibid., 500, Palmerston to Villiers, November 30, 1838 (secret).

[721] F.O. France 580, Granville to Palmerston, March 1, 1839.

[722] F.O. Spain 534, Southern to Palmerston, November 9, 1839 (cypher).

[723] F.O. France 623, Bulwer to Palmerston, April 23 (private and confidential), 26, 1841. F.O. France 629, Bulwer to Aberdeen, October 18, 25, 1841 (confidential).

[724] F.O. France 621, Aberdeen to Bulwer, October 22, 1841.

[725] Ibid., 630, Bulwer to Aberdeen, November 8, 9, 1841 (private and confidential).

[726] F.O. Spain 571, Aberdeen to Aston, November 18, 1841.

[727] F.O. Austria 297, Aberdeen to Gordon, December 4, 1841.

[728] F.O. France 630, Bulwer to Aberdeen, November 19, 1841; Cowley to Aberdeen, November 26, 1841.

[729] Guizot, MÉmoires, pp. 316, 334. C. Greville, Journals (2), II. pp. 73-75.

[730] F.O. France 628, Bulwer to Aberdeen, September 17, 1841.

[731] Ibid., 631 and 647, Cowley to Aberdeen, December 29, 1841, January 21, 1842 (secret and confidential).

[732] Ibid., 630 and 631, Bulwer to Aberdeen, November 8, 1841 (private and confidential); Cowley to Aberdeen, December 3, 1841 (secret and confidential), December 6 and 24 (confidential).

[733] F.O. Austria 304, Aberdeen to Gordon, March 16, 1842. Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 115-116.

[734] F.O. Austria 304, Aberdeen to Gordon, April 26, 1842. Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 118-122.

[735] F.O. France 631 and 649, Cowley to Aberdeen, December 6, 1841 (confidential); May 6, 1842 (confidential).

[736] Ibid., 649, Cowley to Aberdeen, April 4, May 6, 1842 (confidential).

[737] F.O. France 648 and 649, Cowley to Aberdeen, February 4, February 14, March 4, April 15, 1842.

[738] Ibid., 649, Cowley to Aberdeen, May 13, 1842.

[739] Ibid., 645, Aberdeen to Cowley, February 18, 1842.

[740] Ibid., 653, Cowley to Aberdeen, December 2, 1842 (secret and confidential). General Atthalin’s intimacy with Mdme. AdelaÏde, Louis Philippe’s sister and political confidant, was notorious. Madame Atthalin was one of the least offensive of the names applied to her by the legitimists. The story that she was secretly married to General Atthalin appears to be unfounded. F.O. Spain 604, Aston to Aberdeen, November 21, 1842.

[741] Vide p. 227.

[742] F.O. France 653 and 665, Cowley to Aberdeen, December 2 (secret and confidential), December 13 and 19, 1842 (secret and confidential), January 20 and 22 (secret and confidential), January 2 and 6 (confidential), January 30, 1843.

[743] F.O. Spain 597, Aberdeen to Aston, December 27, 1842.

[744] F.O. France 663, Aberdeen to Cowley, February 14, 1843.

[745] F.O. France 666, Cowley to Aberdeen, March 6, 13, 31, 1843.

[746] F.O. Spain 624, Aston to Aberdeen, March 6, 1843.

[747] F.O. France 667, Cowley to Aberdeen, May 29 (secret and confidential), June 2, 1843 (confidential).

[748] F.O. Spain 622, Aberdeen to Aston, June 7, 1843 (confidential).

[749] F.O. France 668, Cowley to Aberdeen, July 3, 1843 (secret and confidential).

[750] F.O. France 669, Cowley to Aberdeen, August 14, 1843 (secret and confidential).

[751] Ibid., 670, Cowley to Aberdeen, September 11, 1843 (confidential). C. Greville, Journals (2), II. p. 200.

[752] Letters of Queen Victoria, Vols. I. and II.

[753] Guizot, MÉmoires, VI. pp. 188-195.

[754] F.O. France 664, Aberdeen to Cowley, December 15, 1843. Correspondence relating to the marriage of the Queen and Infanta of Spain presented to Parliament, 1847.

[755] Philippe de Rohan-Chabot, Comte de Jarnac, First Secretary of the French embassy in London.

[756] Jarnac, Lord Aberdeen, Revue des Deux Mondes, 15 juillet, 1860.

[757] Letters of Queen Victoria, Aberdeen to Queen Victoria, December 1, 1843.

[758] Ibid., Prince Albert to Peel, October 21, 1843.

[759] Letters of Queen Victoria, Queen Victoria to King of the Belgians, December 12, 1843. Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 53-66. C. Greville, Journals (2), pp. 211-214.

[760] F.O. Pacific Islands 26, Miller to Bidwell, September 17, 1844.

[761] Guizot, MÉmoires, VII. p. 56.

[762] F.O. France 666 and 669, Cowley to Aberdeen, April 7, August 30, 1843. F.O. France 664, Aberdeen to Cowley, August 25, October 3, 1843.

[763] F.O. Pacific Islands 27, Pritchard to Aberdeen, August 17, 1844.

[764] Ibid., 26, Miller to Bidwell, September 17, 1844.

[765] Ibid., 20, extract from a letter from Consul Pritchard, dated Sidney, January 3, 1843.

[766] F.O. France 664, Aberdeen to Cowley, October 3, 1843 (enclosures).

[767] F.O. Pacific Islands 20, Aberdeen to Pritchard, September 25, 1840.

[768] F.O. France 695, Cowley to Aberdeen, April 14, 1844. Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 64-69.

[769] F.O. France 693, Cowley to Aberdeen, February 19, 25, 1844.

[770] F.O. Pacific Islands 27, Aberdeen to Pritchard, April 10, 1844.

[771] F.O. France 696, Cowley to Aberdeen, May 20, 31, 1844 (secret and confidential). Letters of Queen Victoria, Queen Victoria to King of the Belgians, May 24, October 17, 1844.

[772] Letters of Queen Victoria, Queen Victoria to King of the Belgians, June 4, 11, 1844. C. Greville, Journals (2), II. pp. 243-246.

[773] Stockmar, Memoirs, II. pp. 106-110. T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. pp. 215-219.

[774] Malmesbury, Memoirs of an ex-Minister, I. p. 402.

[775] F.O. France 697, Cowley to Aberdeen, June 3, 1844. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 663 Angleterre, Guizot À Sainte-Aulaire, 6 juin, 1844.

[776] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 663 Angleterre, Guizot À Sainte-Aulaire, 13 juin, 1844. F.O. France 697, Cowley to Aberdeen, June 14, 1844.

[777] Guizot, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 52-59.

[778] England asked that Tangier should be respected on the ground that all the European consuls resided there.

[779] F.O. France 697, Cowley to Aberdeen, June 10, July 12, 15, 1844. Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 663 Angleterre, Guizot À Sainte Aulaire, 13 juin, 1844; Jarnac À Guizot, 6 juillet, 1844.

[780] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 664 Angleterre, Jarnac À Guizot, 1 aoÛt, 1844.

[781] F.O. Pacific Islands 20 and 27, Pritchard to Aberdeen, November 10, 23, 1843, January 26, 1844.

[782] Guizot, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 74-82.

[783] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 664 Angleterre, Jarnac À Guizot, 4 aoÛt, 1844.

[784] F.O. France 699, Cowley to Aberdeen, August 2, 5, 1844 (secret and confidential).

[785] Ibid., August 9, 1844 (secret and confidential).

[786] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 664 Angleterre, Guizot À Jarnac, 8 aoÛt, 1844.

[787] F.O. France 691, Aberdeen to Cowley, August 13, 1844.

[788] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 664 Angleterre, Jarnac À Guizot, 22 aoÛt, 1844.

[789] F.O. France 691, Aberdeen to Cowley, August 23, 1844.

[790] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 664 Angleterre, Guizot À Jarnac, 15, 18 aoÛt, 1844.

[791] The Times, August 21, 1844.

[792] Guizot, MÉmoires, VII. p. 97.

[793] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 664 Angleterre, Jarnac À Louis Philippe, 14 aoÛt, 1844.

[794] Ibid., 664 Angleterre, Guizot À Jarnac, 28 aoÛt, 1844.

[795] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 664 Angleterre, Jarnac À Guizot, 10, 27 aoÛt, 1844.

[796] F.O. France 691, Cowley to Aberdeen, August 28, 30, 1844 (secret and confidential).

[797] Affaires ÉtrangÈres, 664 Angleterre, Guizot À Jarnac, 29 aoÛt, 2 septembre, 1844; Jarnac À Guizot, 4 septembre, 1844. Guizot, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 98-104.

[798] Letters of Queen Victoria, Queen Victoria to King of the Belgians, September 15, 1844.

[799] F.O. France 700, Cowley to Aberdeen, November 15, 1844 (confidential). Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 197-198.

[800] Ibid., 724, Cowley to Aberdeen, May 2, 1845 (secret and confidential).

[801] F.O. France 700, Cowley to Aberdeen, November 22 (confidential), December 13, 1844 (secret and confidential).

[802] T. Martin, Life of the Prince Consort, I. pp. 349-350.

[803] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. p. 199.

[804] F.O. Spain 651 and 652, Bulwer to Aberdeen, April 1, May 15, 1844 (private and confidential).

[805] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. p. 213.

[806] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 160-161.

[807] F.O. France 700, Cowley to Aberdeen, December 16, 1844 (secret and confidential).

[808] Youngest son of Louis Philippe.

[809] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 211, 223, 224.

[810] F.O. France 726, Cowley to Aberdeen, July 25, 1845 (confidential).

[811] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. p. 215.

[812] Letters of Queen Victoria, Aberdeen to Peel, September 8, 1845. T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. p. 305. Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 225-227. F.O. France 728, Cowley to Aberdeen, October 6, 1845 (secret and confidential).

[813] Guizot, in his detailed account of the Spanish marriages, makes no mention of the visit.

[814] F.O. Spain 678, Bulwer to Aberdeen, October 9, 1845.

[815] Ibid., October 30, 1845.

[816] Ibid., October 10, 30, 1845 (cipher, confidential).

[817] Revue retrospective, pp. 295, 296.

[818] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 227-234.

[819] Ibid., pp. 228-235.

[820] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and the Infanta of Spain, Aberdeen to Bulwer, November 17, 1845.

[821] F.O. Spain 696, Bulwer to Aberdeen, February 28, 1846.

[822] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 251-255.

[823] C. Greville, Journal (2), III. pp. 9 and 54. T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. pp. 355-356.

[824] F.O. Spain 696, Bulwer to Aberdeen, March 19, 1846.

[825] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. p. 217.

[826] F.O. Spain 698, Bulwer to Aberdeen, July 8, 1846.

[827] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 248-249.

[828] It would be conveyed from the Spanish frontier by Chaptal’s system of telegraphy.

[829] F.O. France 751, Cowley to Aberdeen, April 8, 1846 (private and confidential).

[830] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. pp. 219-226. T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. pp. 350-352. Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 261-264.

[831] Practically the whole of the correspondence relating to this affair has been removed from the archives des affaires ÉtrangÈres in Paris. But in the volume marked “828 Espagne” the following unsigned and undated note is to be found:—“In the question of the Spanish marriages there was a private correspondence between the King and M. Bresson, and also between the latter and M. Guizot. After the death of the ambassador the minutes of his letters and the original answers of the King and of the minister (Guizot) were handed over to M. Guizot by his widow, and were carried off by him in February, 1848. But it is certain that Madame Bresson retained improperly a copy of this correspondence which her husband had made, and which it was her duty to return to the Foreign Office.” (M. Bresson committed suicide at Naples in November, 1847.)

[832] Letters of Queen Victoria, Memorandum by the Prince Albert, December 20, 1845.

[833] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. pp. 192-193. C. Greville, Journals (2), II. p. 388. Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII., pp. 279-282.

[834] Correspondence relating to the Queen and Infanta of Spain, Aberdeen to Sotomayor, June 22, 1846.

[835] Revue retrospective, pp. 52-53.

[836] F.O. France 753, Cowley to Aberdeen, July 13, 1846 (private and confidential); Revue retrospective, p. 171.

[837] Revue retrospective, p. 171.

[838] Revue retrospective, pp. 170 and 181-182.

[839] T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. p. 352.

[840] Revue retrospective, pp. 180-181, 196, 197; Guizot À Louis Philippe, 8 aoÛt, 1846:—“You can be quite happy about Coburg. No Coburg possible. Palmerston has had a long confidential talk on the subject with the Queen, Prince Albert and King Leopold. This news reaches me from an excellent quarter.”

[841] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 180-181.

[842] General Narvaez.

[843] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Bulwer, July 19, 1846.

[844] Revue retrospective, pp. 180-181.

[845] F.O. France 753, Cowley to Palmerston, July 27, 1846 (private and confidential).

[846] Revue retrospective, pp. 182-185, 402-403.

[847] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. pp. 264-276.

[848] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and the Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Bulwer, August 16, 1846.

[849] F.O. Spain 698, Bulwer to Palmerston, July 19, 1846 (secret and confidential).

[850] Ibid., August 4, 1846 (secret and confidential).

[851] Ibid.

[852] F.O. Spain 698, Bulwer to Palmerston, July 19, 1846 (secret and confidential).

[853] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and the Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Bulwer, August 22, 1846.

[854] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. p. 301.

[855] F.O. Spain 698, Bulwer to Palmerston, August 22, 1846 (secret and confidential).

[856] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and the Infanta of Spain, Bulwer to Palmerston, August 29, 1846.

[857] Ibid., Normanby to Palmerston, September 1, 1846.

[858] Letters of Queen Victoria, Queen of the French to Queen Victoria, September 8, 1846; Queen Victoria to Queen of the French, September 10, 1846.

[859] Revue retrospective, pp. 324-326.

[860] C. Greville, Journals (2), III. p. 10.

[861] T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. pp. 503-516.

[862] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and the Infanta of Spain, Bulwer to Palmerston, October 11, 1846.

[863] Ibid., Palmerston to Normanby, September 22, 1846; Palmerston to Bulwer, September 28, 1846.

[864] Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and the Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Normanby, October 31, 1846, January 8, 1847.

[865] C. Greville, Journals (2), III. p. 48.

[866] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. p. 320.

[867] T. Martin, Life of Prince Consort, I. p. 351. Stockmar, Memoirs, II. p. 156.

[868] Vide p. 335.

[869] Vide p. 343.

[870] Vide p. 370.

[871] Revue retrospective, pp. 52-53. Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Bulwer, October 31, 1846, January 8, 1847.

[872] This, in M. Thiers’ opinion, was Christina’s motive, vide L. Fagan, Life of Sir A. Panizzi, I. p. 228, Thiers to Panizzi, January 17, 1847.

[873] Stockmar, Memoirs, II. pp. 134 and 197.

[874] Revue retrospective, pp. 182-184.

[875] Ibid., pp. 184-185.

[876] F.O. Spain 694, Palmerston to Bulwer, August 22, 1846 (separate and confidential).

[877] Revue retrospective, p. 197.

[878] Ibid., p. 198.

[879] R. Arnaud, AdelaÏde d’OrlÉans, p. 348.

[880] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VI. pp. 220-221.

[881] Letters of Queen Victoria, Aberdeen to Peel, September 8, 1845.

[882] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. pp. 268-276. Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and Infanta of Spain, Palmerston to Normanby, September 22, 1846.

[883] Afterwards Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian army in Bohemia in the war with Prussia in 1866.

[884] State Papers, XXXV. pp. 1069-1071.

[885] Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. p. 282.

[886] F.O. France 757, Normanby to Palmerston, November 20, 1846.

[887] State Papers, XXXV. pp. 1082-1095.

[888] Thureau-Dangin, Monarchie de Juillet, VII. p. 276.

[889] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Abercromby to Palmerston, January 12, 1847. Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 228-245.

[890] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Scarlett to Aberdeen, June 18, 1846; Hamilton to Aberdeen, June 30, 1846.

[891] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Scarlett to Palmerston, April 17, 1847.

[892] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 230-231.

[893] Correspondence relating to affairs of Italy, Cowley to Palmerston, July 17, 31, 1846.

[894] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 342-356.

[895] F.O. France 778, Normanby to Palmerston, February 26, 1847 (private and confidential).

[896] The despatches contained in F.O. Spain 720-727 afford abundant evidence of this.

[897] H. Bulwer, Life of Palmerston, III. pp. 199-200.

[898] Revue Retrospective. His name frequently occurs among those in receipt of secret service money. For his mission to Vienna, he appears to have received 10,000 francs.

[899] Metternich, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 395-404; Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 239-240.

[900] Ibid., pp. 388-404.

[901] Ibid., pp. 404-405 (note), Guizot À Metternich, 7 novembre, 1847, “J’ai appris avec grand plaisir que la santÉ de Votre Altesse Était excellente; J’en fais mon compliment a l’Europe.”

[902] Metternich, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 228-229, Metternich À Buol, 29 mai, 1846.

[903] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Abercromby to Palmerston, June 10, 1847; Hamilton to Palmerston July 20, 1847; Clinton Dawkins to Palmerston, July 17, 1847, Hamilton to Palmerston, July 25, 1847; Palmerston to Ponsonby, September 27, 1847.

[904] Ferrara was in the Papal States, but Austria had the right of garrisoning la place de Ferrare.

[905] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Hamilton to Palmerston, August 14, 1847.

[906] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Abercromby to Palmerston, August 19, 1847.

[907] Ibid., Abercromby to Palmerston, August 24, 1847.

[908] Ibid., Metternich to Diedrichstein, August 2, 1847. In this despatch occurs the famous sentence, “Italy is a geographical expression.”

[909] Ibid., Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847.

[910] Ibid., Palmerston to Ponsonby, August 12, 1847.

[911] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Palmerston to Ponsonby, September 11, 1847.

[912] A secretary of the British legation at Florence resided at Rome, and directed his reports to the minister at Florence.

[913] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Normanby to Palmerston, April 19, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, April 27, 1847; Normanby to Palmerston, April 30, 1847.

[914] T. Martin, Life of the Prince Consort, I. pp. 428-434. Prince Albert’s Memorandum is dated, Ardverikie, August 29, 1847.

[915] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Palmerston to Minto, September 18, 1847.

[916] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 434-435.

[917] Correspondence relating to affairs of Switzerland, Cowley to Aberdeen, February 3, 21, 1845; Gordon to Aberdeen, February 19, 1845.

[918] F.O. France 756, Normanby to Palmerston, October 23, 1846 (secret and confidential). Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 178-180.

[919] Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 451-466.

[920] Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 335-336; Metternich À Apponyi, 20 juin, 1847.

[921] G. Grote, Seven letters on the recent politics of Switzerland (originally published in Spectator), London, 1847.

[922] G. Grote, Seven letters on the recent politics of Switzerland, pp. 173 and 181.

[923] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to Ponsonby, August 9, 17, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, August 17, 1847.

[924] Ibid., Minto to Palmerston, October 4, 1847; Peel to Palmerston, October 14, 1847.

[925] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to Minto, September 18, 1847.

[926] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier, I. p. 38.

[927] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Morier to Aberdeen, June 4, November 25, 1844.

[928] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier, p. 53.

[929] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Morier to Palmerston, February 18, 1847 (enclosure).

[930] Ibid., Minto to Palmerston, October 4, 1847; Palmerston to Minto, October 22, 1847.

[931] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to Peel, October 29, 1847; Peel to Palmerston, November 4, 6, 1847.

[932] Ibid., Guizot À Broglie, 4 novembre, 1847.

[933] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to Normanby, November 16, 1847.

[934] Ibid., Normanby to Palmerston, November 18, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, November 19, 1847; Broglie À Guizot, 20 novembre, 1847; Guizot À Broglie, 19 novembre, 1847; Howard to Palmerston, November 21, 1847; Palmerston to Broglie, November 26, 1847; Howard to Palmerston, November 22, 1847; Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 493-502.

[935] F.O. France 783, Normanby to Palmerston, November 6 (cypher), 8, 1847 (private and confidential). Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 468-502.

[936] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 186-198.

[937] Cambridge Modern History, XI. p. 250.

[938] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier, I. p. 38.

[939] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 506-508.

[940] One private letter was certainly written by Palmerston to Peel. It is dated November 17, 1847, marked private, and begins—“My dear Sir.” Peel is asked to ascertain privately, “throwing out the idea as his own,” in what light the Diet would regard the proposal of mediation which Palmerston informs him, in confidence, he has just sent to Paris. He then proceeds to warn him to be on his guard against M. de Bois-le-Comte. “Keep well with him,” he says, “but it is well that you should know he is one of the most artful, cunning and intriguing of the French diplomatists.” (F.O. Switzerland 92).

[941] C. Greville, Journals (2), I. p. 364 (note).

[942] F.O. Switzerland 94, Peel to Palmerston, November 6, 1847.

[943] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Palmerston to S. Canning, November 27, December 1, 1847.

[944] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland, Hervey to Palmerston, December 3, 1847.

[945] Ibid., Peel to Palmerston, December 7, 1847; Canning to Palmerston, December 8, 11, 1847.

[946] Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy, Minto to Palmerston, October 29, 1847

[947] Ibid., Minto to Palmerston, October 5, November 9, 1847.

[948] Ibid., Metternich to Diedrichstein, December 14, 1847.

[949] Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. p. 476.

[950] Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 513-530.

[951] As a result of the conference at Laybach in 1821 Austria received a mandate to intervene at Naples and to abolish the constitution wrung from Ferdinand. The congress of Verona in 1822 preceded a French intervention in Spain for the purpose of restoring the absolute rule of Ferdinand VII.

[952] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. p. 210.

[953] Guizot, MÉmoires, VIII. pp. 513-515. Metternich, MÉmoires, VII. pp. 563, 564.

[954] Notably the trial and conviction of MM. Teste and de CubiÈres, ex-ministers, for fraud in connection with a mining concession and the murder of the Duchesse de Choiseuil-Praslin by her husband. The Duke, a peer of France, took poison in prison. The Duchess was the daughter of Marshal SÉbastiani.

[955] F.O. France 781 Normanby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847 (private and confidential).

[956] Stockmar, Memoirs, II. p. 203.

[957] F.O. France 781, Normanby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847 (private and confidential).

[958] E. Regnault, Histoire de huit ans, III. pp. 308-309. Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 232-294.

[959] F.O. France 700, Cowley to Aberdeen, December 23, 1844 (private and confidential). C. Greville, Journals (2), II. p. 267.

[960] L. Fagan, Life of Sir A. Panizzi, I. pp. 253-254.

[961] Letters of Queen Victoria, Palmerston to Melbourne, December 26, 1845.

[962] C. Greville, Journals (2), III. p. 40, also pp. 16-49.

[963] L. Fagan, Life of Sir A. Panizzi, I. pp. 208-248.

[964] E. Regnault, Histoire de huit ans, III. pp. 190-198.

[965] Thureau-Dangin, La Monarchie de Juillet, VII. pp. 115-148.

[966] E. Regnault, Histoire de huit ans, III. p. 304.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.






                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Clyx.com


Top of Page
Top of Page