1. The Forward Roll Over. Double up close, and finish standing erect on toes. Figs. 1, 2, 3.

2. The Forward Roll Over, grasping toes throughout roll. Fig. 4.

3. The Forward Roll Over, grasping toes, legs crossed Fig. 5.

4. The Forward Roll Over, arms between legs, hands on outside of ankles. Fig. 6.

5. The Forward Roll Over, arms between legs, hands clasped. Fig. 7.

6. The Forward Roll Over, arms at side horizontal throughout exercise. Do not touch mat with hands. Commence standing on right foot, swing the left to front to get momentum, and then under and back as you roll over to erect position on right foot again. Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11.

7. The Forward Roll Over. Same as No. 6, starting on left foot.

8. The Forward Roll Over. To lying flat on back.

9. The Forward Roll Over, with half-turn to face downward.

10. The Forward Roll Over, feet spread, arms in different positions.

11. The Forward Roll Over, arms folded, come to standing position.

12. The Backward Roll Over. Repeat all of the foregoing backwards.

13. A Dive is a jump for height or distance, alighting on hands. Bend arms, duck head, and forward roll over. Never strike middle of back first. Commence with the forward roll over (Figs. 1, 2, 3), and gradually increase the height or distance until you can finally go your full limit without jolting or bumping yourself in the least. The rise is usually from both feet.

14. Dive (1) for distance, (2) for height.

15. Combine the Forward Roll Over and Dive for (1) Distance, (2) for Height.

16. Fall Forward without Bending at Hips, with knees stiff; catch on hands.

17. Fall Backward, stiff (stage fall).

18. Fall Forward, with chest out, and back arched. Turn head to right or left. Continue rolling, and push over to feet.

19. Combine Front and Back Roll Over, making continuous movement by crossing legs as you finish the front roll.

20. Combine Back and Front Roll Over.

21. Combine Front, Back, and Front Roll Over in quick succession.

22. Combine Back, Front, and Back Roll Over in quick succession.

23. Roll Over Backward, straightening body as you go over to lying-down position on stomach.

24. Lie on back, arms at side horizontal. Bring right hand close to side, turn head to right, and at same time bend at waist, bringing feet over head, then snap over quickly on to stomach, facing in opposite direction.

25. Hold left toe with right hand and jump right leg through.

26. Hold right toe with left hand and jump left leg through.

27. Hold stick in hands, jump through and back in order to learn to double up close for back or forward somersault. Fig. 12.

28. Head Stand. Place the hands in line on the mat, and the head between and about 10 inches in advance, forming an equilateral triangle; throw feet over head, with knees together and toes pointed upward; hold 30 seconds, then forward roll over.

20. Hand Stand. Beginners can best learn this by placing the hands on floor 1½ feet from wall and throwing the feet up against the wall. In practising hand stands on the floor, come down easy to feet the same way you threw into position, or pick up right or left hand as you overbalance and come to feet, or bend arms and roll over. Fig. 13.

30. Head Stand. Push up into hand stand without losing balance.

31. Forward Roll Over into Head Stand.

32. Backward Roll Over into Head Stand.

N. B.—Do not compete in holding head stands for time. Caution boys especially against this foolish practice.

33. “Bucking Broncho.” Throw almost into hand stand, bend knees and push up hard with hands, throwing head and shoulders up and back, snap feet to floor and come to standing position; jump to hands again and repeat.

34. The Forward Roll Over into Hand Stand.

35. The Backward Roll Over into Hand Stand.

36. Body stiff, face downward, resting on hands and feet, without raising either hand, jump between hands to lying-down position on back.

37. Roll Down. From hand stand incline head and shoulders forward, bend arms until chest touches, keep back arched, roll to lying-down position on mat, then to knees, and jump to feet immediately.

38. Head Stand and Roll Down.

39. Lie on back, raise feet up in air, place the hands just above the hips, with elbows, upper arms and shoulders touching mat, bend and straighten knees with a snap, thus progressing backward on shoulders.

40. Head Spring. Place head (touching upper part of forehead, not the back of head) between and in advance of hands on mat. As you snap feet over shove hard from hands and head. Alight in standing position, with knees bent. Fig. 14.

N. B.—Always place head on mat easily, thus obviating jars.

41. Same as No. 40, only alighting knees stiff and back arched.

42. Same as No. 40, without hands.

43. Repeat No. 40, alight on right foot, and hold balance.

44. Repeat No. 40, alight on left foot, and hold balance.

45. Twisting Head Spring. Same as No. 40, only twist the body to right or left, and land facing starting position.

46. The Balance Head Spring. From head stand bend at waist, with knees stiff, execute head spring without touching feet to floor.

47. Same as No. 46, but with neck spring.

48. Neck Spring (snap up). Place back of head and neck on mat between hands. Same movement as head spring. Fig. 15.

49. Neck Spring. Hands on front of thighs, shove hard with hands and head as you snap feet over. Fig. 16.

50. Neck Spring with arms folded. Fig. 17.

51. Hand Spring. Jump from either foot on to hands. Keep the arms perfectly stiff, and as the feet are thrown quickly over (chest and stomach well out and head back) shove hard from hands and alight on feet with bent knees. Figs. 18, 20.

52. Leaping Hand Spring. Jump from both feet on to hands. Movement same as in 51. Touch hands lightly as you go over. Figs. 19, 20.

53. Same as 51, only alight on balls of feet, with knees stiff, back arched, and perfectly erect position.

54. The Cart-wheel. Either right or left side leading, keep the head back, chest and stomach well out, hands and feet as well separated as possible. If right side leads, place right hand on floor following with left, then left foot followed by right. Continue movement by keeping in a straight line.

55. Round Off. Start as in cart-wheel, but hand spring movement, turn, snap the feet down quickly, and alight facing starting-point.

56. Roll over backward to back of neck and snap up.

57. Jump, turn in air, alight facing starting-point, and back roll over.

58. Combine hand stand (Fig. 13) and snap up (Fig. 15).

59. A row of hand stands and snap ups in quick succession.

60. Combine two, three, or four head springs in quick succession.

61. Combine two, three, or four neck springs in quick succession.

62. Alternate Head and Neck Springs in quick succession.

63. Hand Walk. Throw up into hand stand, and as you overbalance take a step forward with either right or left hand, and continue.

64. Hand Walk Forward.

65. Hand Walk Backward.

66. Hand Walk in Circle.

67. Hand walk forward, turn, and come back to starting-point.

68. Hand walk forward, touching chest at each step.

69. Hand walk, forward roll into hand stand, and repeat.

70. Two head springs into hand stand, roll down (37), pull through (36), and snap up (48).

71. Dive, back roll into hand stand, to neck, and snap up.

The combinations of the foregoing movements are infinite, and the inventive teacher can repeat the same exercises in a different order or combination, making new movements out of the old ones, and thus keeping up the interest and enthusiasm from day to day. Select ten or twelve movements from the preceding list, and give as a drill for one lesson. Change the order, and repeat for next lesson; but give an entirely different drill for third lesson. As the pupils advance let them put in their own combinations at the end of each lesson.