INDEX.

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Heinrich Graetz
decides against EibeschÜtz, 265.
  • Bernstorff, deputy from Holstein to the Congress of Vienna, and the emancipation of the Jews, 519, 527.
  • Berr, Berr Isaac, representative of the Lorraine Jews, 431.
    • has the Bible translated into French, 449.
    • in the National Assembly, 438, 440, 490.
    • member of the Assembly of Notables, 482, 486, 487.
    • urges improvements upon the French Jews, 448–9.
  • Berr, Cerf, representative of the Alsatian Jews, 351, 436.
    • and the emancipation of the French Jews, 430–31.
    • spreads Dohm's Apology, 431.
    • spreads Mendelssohn's Pentateuch translation in France, 430.
  • Berr, Lipmann Cerf, addresses the Assembly of Notables, 487.
  • Berr, Michael, first Jewish attorney in France, champions the Jews at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, 527.
    • fills a position in Westphalia, 500.
    • intercedes for the Jews with the princes of Europe, 460–61.
    • member of the Assembly of Notables, 482.
    • member of the Westphalian consistory, 501.
  • Bertolio, abbÉ, favors the emancipation of the Jews, 445.
  • Besht. See Israel of Miedziboz.
  • Beugnot, state councilor under Napoleon, friendly to the Jews, 480.
    • helps to frame the Westphalian constitution, 500.
  • Beyrout, Jews of, protected by European consuls, 641.
  • "Bible for Israelites, The," by Sachs, 693.
  • Bible, the, characterized by Heine, 553–5.
  • Biblical exegesis, 695–6.
  • "Biblical Orient, The," ascribed to Isaac Bernays, 575–6.
  • Biester proposes a statue to Moses Mendelssohn, 372.
  • Bing, Isaiah Berr, refutes the charges against the Alsatian Jews, 434.
  • Bloch, Matathias, emissary of SabbataÏ Zevi, 133, 137.
  • Blood-accusation, the, at Damascus. See Chap. XVII.
    • Benedictus XIV petitioned to acquit the Jews of, 282.
    • Clement XIII acquits the Jews of, 285–6.
  • Blood-accusation, the, groundlessness of, asserted by Moses Germanus, 177.
    • by Neander, 650.
    • by Simon, 176.
    • by the rabbis of London, 654–5.
    • by Wagenseil, 187.
    • by WÜlfer, 185.
  • Blood-accusation, the, in JÜlich, 642.
  • Bohemia, Jews of, banished, 252–3.
    • taxed heavily, 508.
    • under restrictions, 523.
  • Bonafides, character in "Nathan the Wise," 325.
  • Bonafoux, Daniel Israel, Sabbatian, 207, 208.
  • Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise, hostility of, to the Jews, 228.
  • in Europe a second time, 230–1.
  • influences EibeschÜtz, 248.
  • Kabbalistic theories of, 216–17, 219–20.
  • son of, converted to Christianity, 231.
  • Chebrath Dorshe Leshon Eber, society for the promotion of the Hebrew language, 398.
  • Chelebi, Raphael Joseph, follower of SabbataÏ Zevi, 124–5, 127–8, 129, 145, 160.
  • Chinuch Nearim, free school for Jews in Berlin, 416.
  • Chmielnicki, Bogdan, Cossack leader, allied with the Russians, 14.
    • and the Jews, 7.
    • cruelty of, 8.
    • his conditions of peace, 12.
  • Chorin, Aaron, rabbi, and innovations in Judaism, 569, 571.
  • Chosen people, the, meaning of, 718.
  • Christian IV, of Denmark, alluded to, 115.
  • Christian VII, of Denmark, subscribes to Mendelssohn's Pentateuch translation, 334.
  • "Christian Denunciation, The," by Wagenseil, 186.
  • Christians study Hebrew, 178, 184.
  • Christians, the, under Mehmet Ali, 634.
  • Christina, of Sweden, and Manasseh ben Israel, 22, 23.
    • and the Jews of Vienna, 171.
    • Hebrew scholar, 21.
  • Cincinnati, theological seminary at, 700.
  • Circumcision regulated by the Frankfort Senate, 676–7.
  • "Citizen's Cry against the Jews, The," anti-Jewish pamphlet, 434.
  • "Claims of the Jews to German Citizenship," by RÜhs, 517.
  • Clement IX, pope, death of, 171.
  • Clement XIII, pope, acquits the Jews of the blood-accusation, 285–6.
  • Clermont-Tonnerre, count, favors the emancipation of the Jews, 440, 441.
  • Cochelet, French consul-general, and the Damascus affair, 647, 649.
    • intrigues against Montefiore, 659, 660.
  • Coen, David, de Lara, philologist, 115.
  • Coen Belmonte, Bienvenida, poetess, 203.
  • Cohen, Malachi, rabbi at Leghorn, partisan of EibeschÜtz, 264.
  • Cohen, Moses Gerson. See Anton, Charles.
  • Cohen, Naphtali, rabbi at Prague, and Nehemiah Chayon, 217, 218, 219, 227.
  • Cohen, Nehemiah, Messianic prophet, and SabbataÏ Zevi, 152–4.
  • Cohen, Nehemiah Vital, rabbi at Venice, and Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 239.
  • Cohen, Raphael, rabbi of the "three communities," biography of, 570.
    • grandfather of Gabriel Riesser, 598.
    • opposed to secular studies, 402.
    • opposes Mendelssohn's Pentateuch translation, 503, 512, 520–21.
  • Frankfort-on-the-Main, seat of the reform movement, 674–5.
    • the "hep, hep" persecution in, 529–30.
  • Frankfurter, Naphtali, Kabbalist, 55.
    • defends the Talmud, 56.
  • Frankists, the, a Sabbatian sect in Podolia founded by Jacob Frank, 274–5.
    • accused of dissoluteness, 275–6.
    • baptized, 287–8.
    • believers in the Trinity, 279.
    • condemned by Emden, 278.
    • confession of faith of, 280–81.
    • denounced to the bishop of Kamieniec, 278.
    • disputation of, with Talmudists, 281–2, 286–7.
    • excommunicated, 276–7.
    • persecuted, 283.
    • petition for baptism, 284–5.
    • protected by Augustus III, of Poland, 283.
    • protected by Bishop Dembowski, 279–80.
  • Frederick Franz, duke of Mecklenburg, grants civil rights to the Jews, 507.
  • Frederick V, of Denmark, and the EibeschÜtz controversy, 265, 267–8, 269, 271.
  • Frederick I, of Prussia, and the Alenu prayer, 191–2.
    • and the Jews, 190–91.
    • intercedes with the Emperor for "Judaism Unmasked," 192–3.
    • puts a ban on the Midrash Rabba, 195.
  • Frederick II (the Great), of Prussia, and French literature, 411.
    • and the wealth of the Jews, 396–7.
    • German life under, 410.
    • issues the "general privilege," 304.
    • poetry of, criticised by Moses Mendelssohn, 302–3.
    • refuses Mendelssohn as a member of the Berlin Academy, 308.
    • reputed patron of the Jews, 261.
    • writes against Voltaire, 339.
  • Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg, admits the Jews, 173–4.
  • Frederick William II, of Prussia, the emancipation of the Jews expected from, 414–16.
  • Frederick William III, of Prussia, and the Berlin reform movement, 563.
    • and the emancipation of the Jews, 507, 508, 524.
    • attends Marcus Herz's lectures, 406.
    • forbids Jews to bear Christian names, 630.
  • French Revolution, the, influence of, on the Jews, 429–30.
  • Frenks. See Frankists.
  • Fresco, Moses, grand rabbi of Constantinople, urges the Jews to learn Turkish, 664.
  • FriedlÄnder, David, advises Israel Jacobson, 502.
    • and conversion to Christianity, 421–2.
    • conducts the Berlin Free School for Jews, 416.
    • house of, a literary center, 412.
    • imitator of Mendelssohn, 397.
    • member of the "Society for the Culture and Science of the Jews," 250.
    • Hebert, atheist deputy to the National Assembly, 450.
    • "Hebrew Chrestomathy," by Adam Martinet, 628–9.
    • Hebrew language, the, renaissance of, 399.
    • "Hebrew Rites, The," by Leo Modena, 71.
      • translated, 180.
    • Hebrew scholarship in Holland, 20–21.
    • Hebrew studied by Christians, 178, 184.
    • Hegel, influence of, on Young Israel, 585.
    • Heidelberg, the "hep, hep" persecution in, 530–31.
    • Heidenheim, Wolf, one of the Measfim, student of the Masora, 400.
    • Heilmann, rabbi, proceeds against EibeschÜtz, 262.
    • Heilperin, Jechiel, historian, 202.
    • Heine, Heinrich, a figure in Jewish history, 536.
      • and Edward Gans, 551–2.
      • and Jehuda Halevi, 555.
      • as a political leader, 556.
      • attachment of, to the Jewish race, 546.
      • attitude of, towards Judaism, 546–548.
      • characterization of, 544–5.
      • compared with BÖrne, 544.
      • conversion of, 550–51.
      • hatred of, towards apostates, 548–549.
      • Hellenism of, 555–6.
      • in German literature, 537.
      • member of the Berlin "Society for Culture," 547.
      • mother of, 545.
      • on Isaac Bernays, 577.
      • on Judaism, 552.
      • on Moses Moser, 583.
      • on Shylock, 552–3.
      • on the Bible, 553–5.
      • on the conversion of Edward Gans, 587.
      • on the journal for the Science of Judaism, 587.
      • on the shortcomings of modern Jews, 547–8.
      • religious education of, 545–6.
      • reverence of, for Judaism, 553–5.
      • studies of, in Jewish history, 549–550.
      • style of, 556.
    • Hell, persecutes the Jews of Alsace, 349–50.
    • Hellenism, the, of Heine, 555–6.
    • Heller, Lipmann, and the Cossack persecutions, 13.
    • Hengstenberg, Bible exegete, 695.
    • Hennigs, von, Augustus, Danish state councilor, and Mendelssohn's Pentateuch translation, 333–4.
    • "Hep, hep" persecutions, the, 528–532.
    • Herder, and Mendelssohn's "PhÆdon," 307.
      • feeling of, towards Jews, 462.
    • Herod, king of the Jews, 723.
    • Herrera, de, Alonzo (Abraham), Kabbalist, 54–5, 88.
    • Herschel, Solomon, rabbi in London, swears to the groundlessness of the blood-accusation, 654–5.
    • Herz, Henrietta, and Schleiermacher, 423.
      • and William von Humboldt, 423.
      • conversion of, 573.
    • Lemberg, culture strivings in, 612.
      • Jews of, suffer from the Cossack insurrections, 11.
    • Lemos, de, Henrietta. See Herz, Henrietta.
    • Leo (Judah) ben Isaac Modena rabbi at Venice, 56, 65–7, 71–4.
      • as author, 71–4.
      • as translator, 70.
      • attacks the Kabbala, 67, 74.
      • attainments of, 66.
      • characterized, 84.
      • convictions of, 66–7.
      • defends the Talmud, 72.
      • position of, 71.
      • youth of, 65.
    • Leon, Jacob Jehuda, Marrano author, 114–15.
    • Leon of Filnek, character in "Nathan the Wise," 325.
    • Leopold I, of Austria, banishes the Jews from Vienna, 169–71.
      • forbids the spread of "Judaism
      • Unmasked," 190.
      • permits Jews to settle in Vienna, 189.
    • Leopold II, of Austria, hostile to the Jews, 508.
      • refuses to remove the ban from "Judaism Unmasked," 193.
    • Leopoldstadt, Vienna Jews' quarter, 172.
    • Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, advocate of the Jews, 297, 336.
      • and GÖze, 322.
      • and Mendelssohn's dispute with Lavater, 319.
      • and "The Fragments of an Unknown," 320–3.
      • characterization of, 296.
      • charged with Spinozism, 372.
      • death of, 326–7.
      • estimate of, of Christianity, 319, 325–6.
      • opinion of, of Mendelssohn, 297.
      • publishes Mendelssohn's "Philosophical Conversations," 299.
    • "Letter of Zeal," by Jonathan EibeschÜtz, 261–2.
    • LÉven, Narcisse, founder of the Alliance IsraÉlite Universelle, 701.
    • Levi, Aaron. See Montezinos, de, Antonio.
    • Levi, Elisha, emissary from Jerusalem, 130.
    • Levi, Gedaliah, and Vital Calabrese, 52.
    • Levi, Isaiah, Sabbatian, 152.
    • Levi, Nathan Benjamin. See Nathan Ghazati.
    • Levi, Raphael, accused of child murder, 175–6.
    • Levi, Wolf, one of the Chassidim, convert to Christianity, 213.
    • Levin, Rachel, leader in society and literary circles, 413.
      • immorality of, 425.
      • indifferent to the ill-treatment of the Jews, 533.
      • on Jewish history, 534.
      • scorn of, for Judaism, 546.
      • view of, of Judaism, 425.
    • Levy, Maurice, acquaints Napoleon with the agitation against the Jews, 498.
    • Lewin, Hirschel, rabbi at Berlin, and Mendelssohn, 317.
    • Libermann, Eleazar, reform emissary, 568–9.
    • and Mendelssohn, 403.
    • mediocrity of, 417.
  • Mecklenburg, Jews of, emancipated, 507.
  • Medelsheim, Herz. See Berr, Cerf.
  • Medina, a Jewish capitalist, and Voltaire, 339.
  • Megerlin, David Frederick, declares EibeschÜtz a secret Christian, 270–1.
  • "Mehemenuta de Cola," by Nehemiah Chayon, 219–20.
  • Mehmed Effendi, Mahometan name of SabbataÏ Zevi, 154.
  • Mehmet Ali, pasha of Egypt, and the European powers, 647.
    • assents to the execution of the Damascus prisoners, 640.
    • liberates the Damascus prisoners, 660.
    • receives Montefiore, 659.
    • resumes the persecution of the Damascus Jews, 649.
    • surrenders Syria to Turkey, 661.
    • wrests Syria from Turkey, 633.
  • Meiningen, Jews of, expelled, 530.
  • Meisels, rabbi, and the Revolution of 1848, 697.
  • Meldola, David, rabbi, in London, swears to the groundlessness of the blood-accusation, 654–5.
  • Melo, Francisco, Jewish millionaire, 205.
  • Mendelssohn, Dorothea, daughter of Moses Mendelssohn, and Schlegel, 424.
    • convert to Christianity, 424.
    • leader in society and literary circles, 413.
  • Mendelssohn, Henrietta, daughter of Moses Mendelssohn, convert to Catholicism, 424.
  • Mendelssohn, Joseph, son of Moses Mendelssohn, supports the "Society of Friends," 418.
  • Mendelssohn, Moses, accused of abandoning Judaism, 363.
    • admired by Mirabeau, 432.
    • Æsthetic sense of, 300–1.
    • and the charge of Spinozism against Lessing, 370–1.
    • and the early burial question, 318–19.
    • and the Measfim, 402.
    • as a Talmud student, 294.
    • as a tutor, 296.
    • becomes acquainted with Lessing, 297.
    • challenged to refute Bonnet, 308–310.
    • criticises Dohm's Apology for the Jews, 361–2.
    • criticises Frederick the Great's poetry, 302–3.
    • criticises Reimarus' work adversely, 320.
    • daughters of, leaders in society, 412.
    • death of, 371–3.
    • Hebrew style of, 295–6.
    • house of, a literary center, 412.
    • influence of, 729–30.
    • influenced by Lessing, 297–8.
    • intercedes for the Saxon Jews, 344.
    • Jewish critics of, 317.
    • lacks appreciation for history, 301–302.
    • Lessing's ideal Jew, 323.
    • letter of, to Lavater, 311–13.
    • misunderstood, 417.
    • on the necessity of a Pentateuch translation, 332.
    • pamphlets against, 315–17.
    • proposed as a member of the Berlin Academy, 308.
    • proposed statue to, 372–3.
    • rejuvenates the Jewish race, 292–3.
    • relation berg@html@files@45085@45085-h@45085-h-0.htm.html#Page_3" class="pginternal">3.
    • sufferings of, 15–16.
    • wanderings of, 16.
  • Poland, Rabbinical Judaism in, 385–386.
  • Poll-tax, the, on Jews, abolished in Austria, 357, 415.
    • abrogated in France, 432.
    • and the Batavian National Assembly, 458.
    • and the peace of LÜneville, 464, 465.
    • at the Peace Congress at Rastadt, 458.
    • efforts to abolish, 466–8.
    • in Germany, 464–5, 472.
    • Louis XVI abrogates, 415, 432.
  • Polytheism, weakness of, 709.
  • Poniatowski, Stanislaus Augustus, of Poland, issues laws against the Jews, 387.
  • Portalis, imperial commissioner to the Assembly of Notables, 485.
  • Portugal re-admits Jews, 532.
  • Potocki, a family of the Polish nobility, 3.
    • Polish general, 7.
  • "Prayer-Book for Israelites" by the Hamburg Temple, 673.
  • Preteau, president of the National Assembly, defender of the Jews, 441.
  • Primo, Samuel, secretary of SabbataÏ Zevi, 133, 213, 216.
    • activity of, 137.
    • adviser of SabbataÏ Zevi, 151.
    • circular letter by, 143.
    • clings to the apostate SabbataÏ Zevi, 156.
    • exaggerates the fame of SabbataÏ Zevi, 147.
    • explains SabbataÏ Zevi's apostasy, 157–8.
  • "Prophets of the Old Testament, The," by Ewald, 696.
  • Prophets, the, 719.
  • "Proposals in Favor of the Jews," by GrÉgoire, 437.
  • Prosnitz, LÖbele, Sabbatian, and Jonathan EibeschÜtz, 248.
  • Prussia, constitution of, promises equality to Jews, 514.
  • Prussia, Jews of, emancipated partially, 507, 508.
    • emancipated wholly, 697.
    • forbidden to bear Christian names, 630.
    • hostility to, 524.
    • under Frederick I, 190–91.
    • under Frederick the Great, 411–12, 414.
  • Prynne, William, opposes the admission of Jews into England, 45–46.
  • Puffendorf, John, and Karaism, 183.
  • "Punishment of Athalia, The," by David Franco Mendes, 401.
  • Puritans, the, and the admission of Jews into England, 27–8.
  • Quadruple Alliance, the, formation of, 658.
  • Querido, Jacob. See Jacob Querido.
  • Rabbanites, reconciled with Karaites in Cairo, 118.
  • wealth of, 123.
  • Sabbatian view, the, of the Messiah, 142–3.
  • Sabbatianism among Christians, 151.
    • and Rabbinical Judaism, 142.
    • effect of, on Judaism, 232.
    • in Amsterdam, 150.
    • in Europe, 149–50.
    • in Podolia, 228.
    • spread of, 245.
  • Sabbatians, converted to Mahometanism, 154, 211.
  • Sabilenki, Zachariah, and Chmielnicki, 7.
  • Sachs, Michael, rabbi in Berlin, and Holdheim, 691.
    • and Rapoport, 690.
    • and the reform movement, 691–2.
    • as a preacher, 689–90, 692.
    • as a Talmudist, 690–91.
    • Bible exegete, 692, 693, 695, 699.
    • characterization of, 687–9.
    • contributions by, to Jewish literature, 692–4.
    • contributor to the "Kerem Chemed," 622.
    • translation of the Bible by, 693.
    • writer on the Jewish poetry of the Middle Ages, 555, 693–4.
  • Sadducees, a Jewish sect, 723.
  • "Sahaduta di Mehemnuta," a Sabbatian work, 162.
  • Saint Etienne, Rabaud, favors freedom of conscience, 439.
  • St. John, Oliver, and Manasseh ben Israel, 33–4.
  • Salins, FranÇois, persecutor of the Damascus Jews, 661.
  • Salman, of Lemberg, spy upon Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 240.
  • Salman, of Liadi, Chassidistic leader, 393, 394.
  • Salomon, Gotthold, preacher at the Hamburg Temple, 564–5.
  • Salomons, and the Damascus blood-accusation, 645.
  • Salomons, David, elected member of Parliament, 698.
  • Salonica, SabbataÏ Zevi in, 124.
    • Sabbatians in, 211.
  • Saloniki, Moses, arrested on the blood-accusation in Damascus, 636.
  • Salvador, Jonah, and Richard Simon, 180.
  • "Salvation of the Jews, The," Mendelssohn's preface to the "VindiciÆ JudÆ en, Bible exegete, 695.
  • Voss, von, Julius, writer of comedies, defends the Jews, 533.
  • Vossius, Dionysius, translator of the "Conciliador," 22.
  • Vossius, Isaac, and Manasseh ben Israel, 22, 37.
  • Vossius, John Gerard, senior, and Manasseh ben Israel, 22.
  • Vries, de, Simon, a friend of Spinoza, 107.
  • Wagenseil, John Christopher, Hebraist, and the Jews, 185–7.
  • Way, Lewis, champions the cause of the Jews at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, 525–7.
  • Wenzel, Francis, convert, maligns the Jews, 191.
  • Werry, the English consul, and the Damascus blood-accusation, 639.
  • Wertheimer, Joseph, founder of the "Israelitische Allianz," 703.
  • Wessely, Hartwig (Naphtali-Herz), Hebrew poet, 366–71.
    • addresses the Jews of Trieste, 370–371.
    • attacked by the orthodox, 369–71.
    • compared with Mendelssohn, 367.
    • on general culture for the Jews, 368–9.
    • praises Emperor Joseph II, 368.
    • works of, 404.
    • works on the Pentateuch translation, 334.
  • Wessely, Moses, patron of Lessing, 326.
  • Westphalia, consistory of, Jacobson's influence over, 562.
  • Westphalia, Jews of, consistorial organization of, 501–2.
    • emancipated, 500.
    • under restrictions, 525.
  • William III, of England, and Isaac Suasso, 205.
  • Wilna, Chassidim in, 391.
  • Wilna, Elijah, scholar, antagonizes Talmudic subtlety, 389.
    • character of, 389.
    • extra-Talmudic studies of, 390.
    • introduces the Mendelssohn Pentateuch translation into Poland, 329.
    • opinion of, on the Kabbala, 390–391.
    • opponent of Chassidism, 391–2, 393–4.
  • Wolf, Aaron Benjamin, rabbi at Berlin, and Chayon, 219, 220.
  • Wolf, Christopher, disciple of Basnage, 197.
  • "WolfenbÜttel Fragments, The," by Reimarus, 320–23.
  • Wolfssohn, Aaron, editor of Ha-Meassef, 400.
  • "Wonderworker, The, by means of the Invocation in the Name of God," Israel of Miedziboz, 375.
  • "Word to the Impartial, A," by Ransom, 470.
  • "Words of Peace and Truth," by Hartwig Wessely, 368–70.
  • WÜlfer, John, Hebraist, and the Alenu prayer, 184–5.
  • WÜrzburg, the "hep, hep" persecution in, 528–9.
  • Yachini, Abraham, Sabbatian, 123, 145.
  • Yavan, Baruch, opponent of EibeschÜtz, 263.
  • Yekutiel, of Wilna, disciple of Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 237–8, 245.
  • Yizchaki, Abraham, anti-Sabbatian, 220.
  • Young Germany, and the emancipation of the Jews, 602.
    • led by BÖrne and Heine, 556.
  • Young Israel, influenced by Hegel, 585.<
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

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