Heinrich Graetz

Aaron (I) ben Joseph, the Elder, fixes the Karaite prayer-book, 71.

Aaron (II) ben Elia Nicomedi, Karaite philosopher, 95.

Abadia, de, Juan, plots against Arbues, 329–331.

Abba-Mari ben Moses (Astruc En-Duran), leader of obscurantists, 27–32, 36–42, 50.
and the Tibbonides, 39–42.

Abenacar, Isaac (Manuel Pimentel), Marrano in Holland, 672.

Abenhuacar. See Ibn-Wakar, Samuel.

Abi-Ayub, Jacob, physician, 553.

Abner of Burgos. See Alfonso Burgensis.

Aboab, Isaac, rabbi at Toledo, 341.
death, 366.
intercedes for Spanish exiles, 352, 365.

Aboab, Isaac, de Fonseca, rabbi at Amsterdam, 681, 682–683.
in Brazil, 693.
quoted, 694.

Aboget, supposed manufacturer of Black Death poison, 102.

Abrabanel, Isaac ben Judah, 409.
and the edict of banishment, 348.
and Yechiel of Pisa, 287.
as commentator, 341–343.
countenances Messianic speculations, 482.
in Castile, 336–337, 341, 343–344.
in Corfu and Sicily, 384.
in Naples, 359–360.
in Portugal, 337–339, 341.
in Venice, 385, 386.
opposes free thought, 479.
protects the Jews, 339–340.
quoted, 338, 388–389.

Abrabanel, Isaac, son of the preceding, physician, 340, 385.

Abrabanel, Judah Leon (Medigo), son of Isaac Abrabanel I, 340, 341, 409.
and Gonsalvo de Cordova, 384–385.
as author, 480–481.
flees to Naples, 360–361.

Abrabanel, Samuel (Juan de Seville), 337.
accepts baptism, 169.
ambassador to Martin V, 219.
appointed to a state office, 138.
efforts for the culture of Castilian Jews, 139–140.
intercedes for the Spanish Marranos, 322–323.

Abrabanel, Samuel, son of Isaac Abrabanel I, 340, 385, 543.
at Ferrara, 544.
at Naples, 409.
promotes Jewish learning, 410.

Abrabanela, Benvenida, wife of the preceding, 409–410.
honors David Reubeni, 493.
saves the Neapolitan Jews from the Inquisition, 543–544.

Abraham, copyist, 74.

Abraham, son of Manessier de Vesoul, 150.

Abraham ben Chiya, astronomer, 120.

Abraham of Granada, Kabbalist, 196–197.

Abudiel, Moses, officer at the Castilian court, 84, 85, 86.

Abulafia, agent of Ferdinand and Isabella, 313, 317.

Abulafia, Abraham ben Samuel, Kabbalist, 4–8, 10, 11, 14, 19, 622, 625.
his school accepts the Zohar, 20.

Abulafia, Joseph, Kabbalist, 2.

Abulafia, Levi, Kabbalist, 2.

Abulafia, MeÏr, Maimuni's adversary, alluded to, 2.

Abulafia-Halevi, prominent family of Toledo, 113, 116.

Abulafia-Halevi, Samuel ben MeÏr, (Allavi), privado of Pedro the Cruel, 116–121, 354.
builds synagogues, 119–120.
charged with peculation, 121.

Abulafia-Halevi, Todros ben Joseph, Kabbalist, 1–3, 52.

Abulhassan, of Morocco, makes war upon Castile, 84.

Abumelik, Moorish general, 85.

Accusation of child-murder, 223, 261–262, 276–279, 298–307, 343–344, 372, 440, 544–546, 642.
against Christians, 546.
by Eck, 547.
forbidden in Portugal, 372.
See also Blood-accusation.

Accusation of host desecration, 164–165, 223, 261, 277, 306, 439–440.

Accusation of well-poisoning, 57–58, 101–106.

Achmed I, sultan, alluded to, 629, 630.

Achmed Shaitan, viceroy of Egypt, conspires, 395–396.

Adolph of Nassau, emperor, 35, 36.

Adrianople, Karaites settle in, 269.
Spanish exiles settle in, 405.

Afia, Aaron, scholar, 405.

Africa, a refuge for Jewish exiles, 197, 318, 352, 389–392.

Agada, not authoritative, 214.
quoted, 242.

Agen, Jews of, massacred, 56.

Aguilar, Jews of, annihilated, 125.

Aix, Jews of, side with Abba-Mari, 33.

Akrish, Isaac ben Abraham, Spanish exile, 386.

Alami, Solomon, quoted, 154–155, 204.

Alagon, de, Blasco, plots against Arbues, 329.

Alashkar, Moses ben Isaac, Talmudist, 391–392, 393.

Albalag, Isaac, philosopher, alluded to, 24, 342.

Albassi, Jacob, translator of Maimuni, 60.

Albert II, emperor, 263.
imprisons Jews, 223–224, 249.

Albert, duke of Bavaria, hostile to Jews, 258.

Albert, of Brandenburg, influenced against the Jews, 463–464.

Albert, of Munich, alluded to, 428.

Albi, Jews of, annihilated, 57.

Albo, Joseph, philosopher, 239, 243.
at the Tortosa disputation, 208, 214, 215.
author of controversial works, 233.
his work, 239–243.

Alboacin. See Abulhassan.

Albrecht, emperor, 35, 37.
and the Jews, 36.
asserts authority over the French Jews, 47.

Alcala, academy at, 145.
Jews of, mocked at, 181.

Alcaldes appointed by the Jews of Castile, 116.

AlcaÑiz, Jews of, converted, 214.

Alcantara, Order of, 85–86.

Alcolea, Jews of, converted, 214.

Aldobrandini protects the Jews of Ferrara, 660–661.

Aleman, Jochanan, Kabbalist, 291.

Alenu, prayer, maligned, 178.

Alexander, convert, accuses the Jews of blasphemy, 591.

Alexander, of Poland, hostile to Jews, 419.

Alexander VI, pope, 434.
and Bonet de Lates, 407.
censures the Roman Jews, 363.
favorable to Portuguese Marranos, 378–379.
opposes the Spanish Inquisition, 319.

Alfarda, strangers' tax, 344.

Alfonsine Tables, author of, 367.

Alfonso Burgensis (Abner-Alfonso, Alfonso of Valladolid), apostate, 81–83, 213, 342.

Alfonso de Cartagena, counselor of Eugenius IV, 249–250.

Alfonso, Infante of Portugal, releases Marranos, 517.

Alfonso, of Aragon, archbishop, protects Marranos, 330.

Alfonso X, of Castile (the Wise), anti-Jewish laws of, 194–195.

Alfonso XI, of Castile, and Alfonso Burgensis, 83.
death, 113.
favorable to Jews, 75–76, 85, 86.
guardians, 52.
Jewish favorites, 79–81.
law of, renewed, 193.
war with Abulhassan, 84–85.

Alfonso XII, of Castile, brother of Henry IV, 278, 279.

Alfonso II, of Ferrara, alluded to, 660.

Alfonso II, of Naples, employs Isaac Abrabanel, 360, 383–384.

Alfonso V, of Portugal, alluded to, 340.
employs Jews, 337–339.

Alfonso of Valladolid. See Alfonso Burgensis.

Algiers, Jews in, 390–391.
Jews settle in, 197–199.
Spanish exiles flee to, 361.

Alguades, MeÏr, physician and rabbi, 185, 190.
executed, 195–196.
translator of Aristotle's Ethics, 193.

Alkabez, Solomon, Kabbalist, 538.

Allatif. See Ibn-Latif, Isaac.

Allavi. See Abulafia-Halevi, Samuel ben MeÏr.

Allegorizing of the Scriptures, 23–24.

Allorqui. See Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives.

Almosnino, Moses, historian, 405, 607–608.

Almoxarif, minister of finance, 75, 79, 138, 160.

Alsace, Jews of, outlawed or burnt, 107.

Altona, Jewish cemetery at, 688.

Alva imprisons Jews, 662.
in the Netherlands, 601.

Alvalensi, Samuel, favorite in Morocco, 390, 392.

Alvarez, Alfonso, de Villasandino, satirist, 181.

Amadeus, of Savoy, imprisons Jews, 103.

Amazia, Jews of, persecuted, 553.

Amos, prophet, quoted, 177.

Amshel of Ratisbon, opponent of Israel Bruna, 302.

Amsterdam, German Jews settle in, 680–681.
Hebrew education, 681–682.
Hebrew printing-press, 675.
Jews in, 665–685.
Jews under restrictions, 673–674.
morality of Jews, 679–680.
Portuguese Marranos settle in, 665–666.
powers of rabbis, 684–685.
synagogues, 667, 671, 680.
wealth and culture of Jews, 677–678.

Anatoli, Jacob, Maimunist, 32.
defended, 41.
his sermons read and proscribed, 39, 40.

Ancona, a refuge for Jews and Marranos, 408, 544.

Ancona, Marranos of, imprisoned, 568.
persecuted, 570–571.

Angiel, Kabbalistic term, 17.

"Annals of Persecution," by Joseph Cohen, 590.

"Annals of the Kings of France and of the House of Othman, The," by Joseph Cohen, 556.

Antiochus Epiphanes, alluded to, 655.

Anti-Trinitarians, 541–542, 647–648.

Anusim, converts to Christianity, 179–180.
See Marranos, and Conversions to Christianity.

Antwerp, Jews settle in, 662.

Aquet, charged with the manufacture of poison, 104.

Aquinas, Thomas, alluded to, 183.

Aragon and the Inquisition, 319, 328–329.

Aragon, Jews of, buy protection, 172.
enjoy peace, 274–275.
loyal to their faith, 215.
persecuted, 77, 102–103, 170.
suffer through Ferrer, 206.

Aragon, Marranos of, 309.

Arama, Isaac, quoted, 332.

Aranda, counts of, oppose the Inquisition, 329.

Aranda, de, bishop, expelled, 333.

Arbues, Pedro, inquisitor, 326.
plot against, 329–331.

ArgentiÈre, Jews of, side with Abba-Mari, 33.

Arias, Juan, bishop, instigates a persecution, 279.

Aristotle, 66, 82, 93, 146, 232, 243, 290.
Ethics of, in Hebrew, 146.
studied by Polish Jews, 633.

Arles, Jews of, protected, 177.

Armleder, persecutors of the Jews, 97–98.

Arnheim, counselor of Alva, 62.

Arnoldists, party of Jew-haters, 456.

Ar-Rabbi Mor, chief rabbi of Portuguese Jews, 158–159, 380.

Arta, Jewish exiles in, 406.

Arzilla, Jewish slaves made at, 286, 339, 381.

Ascalona, Jews of, annihilated, 170.

Asher ben Yechiel (Asheri), rabbi of Toledo, 34–35, 37, 53, 86.
author of a Talmudic code, 51.
his descendants victims of persecution, 169–170.
his family visited by the Black Death, 113.
partisan of Abba-Mari, 37–38, 50.
relaxes Talmudic laws, 37.
sons of. See Jacob ben Asheri, and Jehuda Asheri.

Asher, of Udine, convert, denounces Jewish works, 584–585.

Asheri. See Asher ben Yechiel, Jacob ben Asher, and Jehuda Asheri.

Ashkenazi, Solomon ben Nathan, statesman, 602–607, 627–629.
agent of Mahomet Sokolli, 602–603.
and the Polish election, 604–605, 642.
and Venice, 605–606, 608.
rescues the Venetian Jews, 606–607.
supplants Joseph Nassi, 627.
widow of, 630.

Asia Minor, Spanish exiles in, 405–406.

Askaloni, Joseph, Hebrew publisher, 628.

Astorga, Jews of, baptized, 205.

Astruc En-Duran. See Abba-Mari ben Moses.

Athias, editor of the Spanish Bible translation, 576.

Athias, Isaac, rabbi at Hamburg, 689.

Aubriot, Hugues, prevÔt of Paris, protects the Jews, 151.

Auditeurs des Juifs, superintendents over French Jews, 54.

"Augenspiegel," work by Reuchlin, 446–448, 450, 457.
approved, 455.
condemned by the University of Paris, 460.

Augsburg, bishop of, desires to possess Jews, 127–128.

Augsburg, Jews of, escape the Rindfleisch persecution, 36.
exiled, 249.
imprisoned, 163.
persecuted, 110.

Austria, Jews of, accused as poisoners, 110.
expelled, 585–586, 652.
persecuted, 36, 98, 223–224.

Auto-da-fÉ, the first in Spain, 317.

Averroes, alluded to, 82, 93, 94, 232, 290.

Avignon, Jews of, expelled, 592.
protected, 177.
side with Abba-Mari, 33.

Avila, Jews of, baptized, 205.
Kabbalistic center, 8–10.
law of, 229.
religious discussion at, 140–141.

Avila, de, bishop, expelled, 333.

Avis, Grand Master of, 160, 161.

Ayllon, home of a Kabbalist, 8.

Azael, Kabbalistic term, 17.

Azriel, Kabbalist, 14.

Baal ha-Turim. See Jacob ben Asheri.

Badajoz attacked by Spanish Marranos, 498.

Baffa, sultana, favors Esther Kiera, 629.

Bajazet (Bajasid) II, sultan, and Jews, 356, 364, 400.

Balmes, de, Abraham, physician and author, 411.
instructs Christians, 473.

Bamberg, council of, decrees Jew badges, 555.

Ban against science, 39, 40.

Bandito, tortured on the charge of poisoning, 104.

Baptista, John (Solomon Romano), denounces the Talmud, 564.

Barbaro, Mark Antonio, Venetian consul, 605.

Barbastro, conversions in, 214.

Barcelona, ban against science in, 40.
Jews of, persecuted, 103, 171–172.
opposes the Inquisition, 332.

Barfat. See Isaac ben Sheshet Barfat, and Crescas Barfat.

Barfat, Zarak, poet, 140.

Baruch, Kabbalist, 481.

Bashyasi, Menachem and Moses, Karaites, 269.

Basle, authorities of, defend the Jews, 105–107.

Basle, council of, 248, 249, 250, 251.
laws of the, and Casimir IV, 264.
proscribes the Jews, 245–246.

Basle, Jews of, burnt, 107.

"Bastard, A, the Son of an Outcast," anti-Christian work, 590.

Bathori, Stephen, of Poland, friendly to Jews, 642.

"Battles of the Lord, The," work by Gersonides, 92–93.

Bavaria, Jews of, accused of child-murder, 545–546.
persecuted, 36, 98–99, 110, 225, 253–254.

Beatrice (Brites), Infanta of Portugal, and the succession in Castile, 158.

Beatrice, of Castile, and David Negro, 161.

Bechinath ha-Dath, work by Elias del Medigo, 293.

Bechinath Olam, poem by Yedaya Bedaresi, 49.

Bedaresi, Abraham, poet, 42.

Bedaresi, Yedaya En-Bonet ben Abraham (Penini), poet, 26, 42–45, 49.
espouses the Tibbonide cause, 42–44.
works by, 43, 49.

Behaim, Martin, astronomer, 367.

Bekashoth ha-Memin, poem by Yedaya Bedaresi, 43.

Belgium, Jews of, persecuted, 112.

Bellieta, tortured on the charge of poisoning, 104.

Belmonte, Jacob Israel, Marrano poet, 665.

Belvedere, the Nassi palace, 597.
printing-press at, 628.

Ben Adret. See Solomon ben Abraham ben Adret.

Benavente, Jews of, baptized, 205.

Benedict XII, pope, friendly to Jews, 99.

Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna), anti-pope, 200, 228, 239, 655.
at PeÑiscola, 217.
at the Tortosa disputation, 210–213.
favors Paul Burgensis, 184, 190.
issues a bull against the Jews, 215–216.
plans the conversion of the Jews, 207.

Benevento, Inquisition at, 385.

Benfelden, council of, declares Jews outlaws, 107.

Benjamin, friend of Immanuel Romi, 68.

Benjamin, of Tudela, alluded to, 127.

Benveniste, Abraham, Senior (Coronel), tithe-collector, accepts Christianity, 351.
convenes a synod, 229.
friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 341.
holds office in Castile, 228.
negotiates a royal marriage, 280.

Benveniste, Judah, center of the Salonica community, 405.

Benveniste, family of Gracia Mendesia, 571.

Berab, Jacob, rabbi in northern Africa, 390, 393, 418.
revives ordination, 531–536.

Berber princes, tolerance of, 197.

Berlin, Jews of, persecuted, 652.

Bernaldez, Andreas, quoted, 349.

Bernard, of Siena, master of John of Capistrano, 257.

Bernardinus, of Feltre, hostile to Jews, 295–299.

Bernardo instigates Lisbon against Marranos, 487.

Berne, Jews of, tortured, 104–105.

Berthold, bishop, hostile to Jews, 107.

Beth Israel, third synagogue in Amsterdam, 680.

Beth Jacob, first synagogue in Amsterdam, 667, 671.

Beya, de, Abraham, Portuguese traveler, 368.

BÉziers, Jews of, expelled, 48.

Bibago, Abraham, employed by John II, of Aragon, 275.

Bible, the, allegorized, 23.
Christian doctrines in, 141–142.
commentary on, 70.
concordance of, 234–235.
Karaite interpretation of, 269.
polyglot, 651.
slandered, 547.
studied by Portuguese Marranos, 485.
studied in Spain, 91, 231.
study of, cultivated, 474–476.
translations of, 475, 576, 647.
translations not authoritative, 237.

Black Death, the, alluded to, 111, 112, 113, 127, 133, 135, 172.
attributed to the Jews, 100–106.

Black Prince, the, and the civil war in Castile, 124, 125.

Blanis, de, Judah (Laudadeus), physician at Perugia, 411.

Blanche de Bourbon, wife of Pedro the Cruel, 116–117, 121, 122.

Blandrata, religious reformer, 647.

Blood-accusation, 223, 227, 261–262, 298, 642.
by Eck, 547.
forbidden in Poland, 264–265.
See also Accusation of child-murder.

Boabdil, last king of Granada, 345.

Bohemia, Jews of, banished, 544–545.
pay a war-tax, 703.
persecuted, 98, 165–166.
privileges of, extended, 707.

Boleslav Pius, duke of Kalish, friendly to Jews, 111, 263.

Bologna, Jewish printing-house in, 289.
Jews of, tried, 590–591.
synod held at, 218, 219.

Bomberg, Daniel, of Antwerp, publishes the Babylonian Talmud, 468.
the Old Testament, 476.

Bonafoux, Vidal, partisan of Abba-Mari, 28.

Bonastruc, Isaac, and Jewish immigrants in Algiers, 199.

Bonfed. See Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed.

Boniface VIII, pope, alluded to, 144.

Boniface IX, pope, forbids forcible conversions, 173.

Bordeaux, Jews of, perish, 56.

Borgia, cardinal. See Alexander VI.

Botarel, Moses, Messianic pretensions of, 197.

"Bow and Buckler," controversial work, 238.

Brahe, de, Tycho, alluded to, 638.

Brandenburg, Jews of, accused, 439–440.
persecuted, 652.

Brazil, Jews settle in, 693.

Breslau, Jews of, accused of child-murder, 261–263.
annihilated, 109.

Broussa, Spanish exiles in, 405.

Bruna, Israel, rabbi of Ratisbon, 300, 302–304.

Brunetta, of Trent, 297, 298.

BrÜnn, Jews of, banished, 263.

Brunswick, Jews of, expelled, 652.

Brussels, Jews of, killed, 112.
Jews settle in, 662.

Budny, Simon, founder of a Christian sect, 647.

Buen-Giorno, David Bonet, and Profiat Duran, 188–190.

Bugia, Spanish exiles flee to, 361.

Buja, Jews settle in, 197.

Bull (papal) against Jewish emigration to Palestine, 274.
based on Innocent IV's, 165.
by Benedict XIII, 215–216.
by Clement VI, 173.
by Clement VII, 507–508, 515, 516.
by Clement VIII, 671.
by Eugenius IV, 250–252.
by Gregory XIII, 654.
by Julius III, 565.
by Martin V, 219–220, 226–227.
by Nicholas V, 253, 254, 287.
by Paul III, 516, 520, 526.
by Paul V, 566.
by Pius IV, 588, 589.
by Pius V, 591–592.
by Sixtus IV, 311, 319, 321, 322, 323.
by Sixtus V, 655–656, 658.

Burgos, cortes of, hostile to Jews, 52, 124, 229.

Burgos, Jews of, and Pedro the Cruel, 123, 124.
baptized, 205.
persecuted, 170.

Burgos, religious disputation at, 140.

Busche, von, Hermann, alluded to, 456.

Byron, quoted, 127.

Byzantine Empire, rottenness of, 267.
toleration of, 285.

Caballeria, de, Alfonso, opposes the Inquisition, 329.

Cabrera, governor of the Alcazar of Segovia, 283.

Cadiz, Marrano victims of the Inquisition in, 317.
Marranos take refuge in, 313.
siege of, 665.

Cairo, Jews of, attacked, 396.
Karaite stronghold, 71.

Calabrese, Chayim Vital, Kabbalist, 618, 623.
Messianic claims of, 625.

Calatayud, conversions in, 214.

Calatrava, Grand Master of, executed, 118.

Calixtus, pope, alluded to, 275.

"Calumniator, The," sobriquet of Geronimo de Santa FÉ, 217.

Campanton, Isaac ben Jacob, Talmudist, 230.

Campeggio, cardinal, opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 514–515.

Candia, Spanish exiles in, 363–364, 406.

Cantori, dei, Joshua, hostile to the Talmud, 583.

Capistrano. See John of Capistrano.

Capnion. See Reuchlin, John.

Capron, Ruy, alluded to, 278.

Caraffa, Pietro. See Paul IV.

ÇarÇa, Samuel, quoted, 137.
writes a commentary, 144.

Cardozo, Elihu Aboab, erects a synagogue at Hamburg, 689.

Caro, Isaac ben Joseph, victim of Portuguese persecution, 378.

Carpentras, Jews of, protected, 177.

Carrion, Jews of, persecuted, 170.

Casimir III, of Poland (the Great), favors the Jews, 111–112, 263.

Casimir IV, of Poland, bestows privileges upon the Jews, 263–265, 419.
revokes the privileges of the Jews, 266.

Caspe, Jews of, converted, 214.

Castel-Branco, de, JoÃo Rodrigo. See Lusitanus, Amatus.

Castile, center of Jewish culture, 75.
civil war in, 118–119, 123–126.
cortes of, hostile to Jews, 229.
deficient in Jewish scholars, 86, 139–140.

Castile, Jews of, accused of proselytizing, 157.
admitted to public employment, 228–229.
appoint their own alcaldes, 116.
attached to Pedro the Cruel, 114, 123, 124, 125, 137.
baptized, 137, 205.
deprived of criminal jurisdiction, 157.
enjoy peace, 53, 113, 274–275.
hated, 138–139.
invested with criminal jurisdiction, 155.
partisans of Maria de Padilla, 117.
prominent at court, 51–53, 75–76, 84, 115–116, 138.
suffer during the civil war, 125, 136–137.
take part in debates, 140.
threatened, 84–86.
under Alfonso XI, 75–76.
under Henry III, 193.
under Juan II, 194, 251–253.
under Maria de Molina, 52.
under restrictions, 52, 139, 158, 203–204, 250, 278.
usurers, 80.
See also Spain.

Castile, Marranos of, 309.

Castro, de, Abraham, master of the Egyptian mint, 393, 395.

Castro, de, Moses, rabbi at Jerusalem, 534, 535.

Castro, de, Rodrigo, Marrano physician, 686–687, 688.

Catalina, of Castile, 217, 228, 275.
lays restrictions upon the Jews, 203–204.
relaxes the anti-Jewish laws, 205.

Catalina, of Lancaster, regent for Juan II, of Castile, 193–194.

Catalonia, Jews of, invested with criminal jurisdiction, 155.
loyal to their faith, 215.
persecuted, 102–103, 112–113, 172.

"Catalonian grandees," 153.

Catechumens maintained by Jews, 566.

Catherine de Medici, and the Polish election, 604.
alluded to, 598.

Catherine, of Portugal, hostile to Marranos, 489.

Catholic reaction, the, 650–651.

Cathunho, Isaac, Jewish official at Recife, 693.

Censorship of the press, 562–563.

Censorship of the Talmud, 658, 659–660.

Cervera, Jews of, attacked, 94, 103.

Cesis, cardinal, opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 514–515.

Chabib, Levi ben Jacob, rabbi of Jerusalem, 378, 532–536.
and Jacob Berab, 533–536.

Chacon, of Vitoria, employed by Henry IV of Castile, 275.

"Chain of Tradition, The," by Gedalya Ibn-Yachya, 616.

Chaldee, language of the Zohar, 12.

ChambÉry, center for the supposed Black Death poisoners, 102.

Chanceller, assistant of Ar-Rabbi Mor, 159.

Chanina, Ishmael, rabbi of Bologna, 591.

Charisi, as a character in Immanuel Romi's works, 67.
translator of Maimuni, 61.

Charles IV, emperor, 164, 695.
and the Jews of Nuremberg, 110.
and the Jews of Worms, 108.
grants "servi camerÆ" to electors, 128.
protects Jews, 106.
punishes murderers of Jews, 109.

Charles V, emperor, and Clement VII, 492.
and Luther, 469.
and the Jews of Naples, 543–544.
and the Jews of the Netherlands, 661–662.
and the Portuguese Inquisition, 507, 509, 517–518.
crowned emperor of Rome, 503.
favored by Humanists, 468.
has Molcho burnt, 510–511.
hostile to Marranos, 484.
in debt to the Mendes family, 572.
opposes Paul III, 526.
opposes Reuchlin, 464.
renews the privileges of the Jews, 547.

Charles IV, of France, alluded to, 77.

Charles V, of France, 150.
and the Jews, 129, 131, 132, 133.

Charles VI, of France, and the Jews, 174, 176.

Charles VII, of France, 373.
protects the Jews, 152.

Charles VIII, of France, alluded to, 360.

Charles IX, of France, alluded to, 604.

Charles III, of Navarre, alluded to, 184.

ChasdaÏ ben Abraham Crescas, philosopher, 145–147, 149, 172, 208, 230, 239, 342.
appealed to, 150, 153.
articles of faith by, 193.
attacked by Paul Burgensis, 185.
describes the persecution of 1391, 172.
his view of life, 240.
imprisoned, 150, 155.
independence of, 146, 192.
philosophical work of, translated, 235.
philosophy of, 191–193.
treats of Christian doctrines, 187–188.

ChasdaÏ ben Solomon, 162.
denounces Chayim ben Gallipapa, 149.

Chastelard, Jews of, tortured, 104.

Chatel, Jews of, imprisoned, 103–104.

Chayim ben Gallipapa, rabbi, 148–150.

Chayim, of Landshut, appoints Judenmeister, 227.

Chayyat, Judah ben Jacob, Kabbalist, 481.
describes the sufferings of the Portuguese exiles, 369–370.

Chemnitz, Dr., and the Jews of Worms, 698–699.

Chendali, Elias, husband of Esther Kiera, 629.

Chesheb-Efod, history by Profiat Duran, 191.

Chiddush, Talmudic term, 641.

Chillon, Jews of, imprisoned, 103–104.
confessions of, 108.

Chilluk, Talmudic term, 641.

Chinon, college of, dispersed, 48.
Jews of, persecuted, 57–58.

Christian IV, of Denmark, and the Jews, 675, 692.

Chronologies used by Jews, 394–395.

Clement VI, pope, and Gersonides, 94, 103.
forbids forcible conversions, 173.
protects the Jews, 103, 105.

Clement VII, pope, 407.
and Molcho, 503, 507.
and the Portuguese Inquisition, 507–509, 513–514.
death, 515.
permits Marranos at Ancona, 500.
quoted, 513–514.
receives David Reubeni, 492–493.

Clement VIII, pope, and Portuguese Marranos, 528, 671.
expels the Jews, 659.

Clemente, Philip, opposes the Inquisition, 329.

Cleve, von, Eberhard, in the Reuchlin quarrel, 465–466.

Closener, of Strasburg, historian, quoted, 106.

Cohen, Aaron, describes the sufferings of French exiles, 49.

Cohen, Daniel, scholar, 405.

Cohen, Gershon (Soncinus), printer at Prague, 418.

Cohen, Joseph ben Joshua, of Genoa, historian, 555–557, 608.
his chronicle, 555, 556, 557, 561.
on Molcho, 511.

Cohen, Joshua Falk, president of the Polish synod, 645, 703.

Cohen, Moses, de Tordesillas, controversialist, 141–142.

Cohen, Perachyah, physician, 405.

Cohen, Saul (Ashkenasi), disciple of Elias del Medigo, 293, 386.
Hebrew style of, 389.

Cohen, Saul Astruc, physician, 198, 199.

Coimbra, Inquisition at, 508.

Colleges, Jewish, in France, 48. See also Educational institutions.

"Collegium Germanicum," propagandist seminary, 654.

"Colloquium Middelburgense," controversial work, 691.

Colmar, Jews of, banished, 416.

Cologne, authorities of, defend the Jews, 105–106, 108.
Jews of, expelled, 227, 413.
seat of Dominicans, 424.
See Chapter XIV.

Columbus, alluded to, 368.

"Concerning the Jews and their Lies," pamphlet by Luther, 548–549.

Confiscation of Hebrew books, 437–438, 439, 441, 444.
advised by Luther, 550.
by Pfefferkorn, 429–431.
in Cremona, 582–583.
in Prague, 584–585.
in the Papal States, 565, 567.
under Gregory XIII, 654.
under Sixtus V, 657–658.

"Conflict of Duties," controversial work, 238.

Conrad of Wintertur, defends the Jews, 106, 108.

Conservateur, protector of the French Jews, 130.

"Consolation for the Sorrows of Israel," by Samuel Usque, 558–561.

Constance, Jews of, persecuted, 105.

Constance, council of, 215, 218, 248.
condemns Vincent Ferrer, 217.
deposes Benedict XIII, 216.
elects Martin V pope, 219.
sentences Huss, 221.

Constantine, Jews settle in, 197.

Constantine, emperor, alluded to, 267.

Constantine Dragosses, alluded to, 267.

Constantinople, fall of, 267.
Jews of, 402–404.
Jews permitted in, 268.
Karaites settle in, 269.
Karaite stronghold, 69.
rabbis of, issue a ban against Paul IV, 580.

"Constitutions," Inquisition code, 326, 328.
in Portugal, 508.

Conti, Vincent, publisher, 583–584.

Contra-Remonstrants, religious sect in Holland, 673–674.

"Contrasts and Greatness of Constantinople," by Moses Almosnino, 608.

Controversial literature, 231–238.

Conversions to Christianity, 48, 56, 107, 111, 126, 137, 150, 169, 171, 172, 175, 177, 179, 191, 205, 206, 214, 215, 224, 232–233, 245–246, 247, 254, 262, 288, 298, 301, 334–335, 361, 375–378, 380, 440, 570, 706.

Conversions, forcible, forbidden by popes, 165, 173.

Cordova, Inquisition at, 325.
Jews of, persecuted, 169.
Marranos in, 484.
Marranos massacred in, 281–282.

Corfu, Spanish exiles in, 363, 364, 384.

Coronel. See Benveniste, Abraham.

Coronel, David, Senior, official at Recife, 693.

Costa, da, Emanuel, Marrano, 520–521.

"Correction of the False Teacher," controversial work, 234.

Costnitz. See Constance.

"Counsels and Lessons," poem by Santob de Carrion, 115.

Court Jews at Vienna, 702.

Coutinho, Ferdinand, bishop, defends Marranos, 500.
opposes forced conversions, 375.
quoted, 376.

Cracow, Jews of, massacred, 111.
second Jewish community in Poland, 632.

Creation, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Cremona, Jews of, expelled, 660.
Talmudic center, 582.

Crescas Barfat, imprisoned, 150.

Crescas, ChasdaÏ. See ChasdaÏ ben Abraham Crescas.

Crescas Vidal, partisan of Abba-Mari, 28–29.

Cretensis, Elias. See Del Medigo, Elias.

"Crown of Israel," Toledo, 136.

Curiel, Jacob, Portuguese agent, 681, 692.

Cusa, de, Nicholas, cardinal, hostile to Jews, 255.

Cyprus, conquest of, 600–601.

Czechowic, Martin, Unitarian, 648.

Dafiera, Solomon, poet, 230.

Dalburg, bishop, alluded to, 454.

Damascus, exiles settle in, 399–400.

Daniel, book of, commented, 482.
interpretation of, 120.
prophecies of, 149.

Daniel, friend of Immanuel Romi, 66.

Dante compared with Immanuel Romi, 65, 66, 67.
quoted, 325.

Daroca, conversions in, 206, 214.

Daud (David), physician, hostile to Joseph Nassi, 598–599.

DauphinÉ, Jews protected in, 177.

David, king, as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.

David, an immigrant, urges Jews to go to Turkey, 271.

"Day of Hosannas" in Lurya's system, 626.

Deckendorf (Deggendorf), Jews of, massacred, 98–99.

Del Barco, Juan Lopez, Spanish inquisitor, 312.

Del Medigo, Elias, classical scholar, 290–293, 386, 406.
relation to Judah Menz, 295.

Delmedigo, Judah, rabbi, 406.

Della Rovere, Francesco Maria, duke of Urbino, 501, 657.

Della Ruvere, Marco, nuncio, 514.

Desfar, Juan, governor of Palma, 246.

DesmaËstre, Bonastruc, delegate at the Tortosa disputation, 208.

Deutz, Cologne Jews settle at, 227.

Deza, second inquisitor-general of Spain, 356, 483–484.

Dias, AndrÉ, assassin of Henrique Nunes, 490.

"Dialogues of Love," work by Judah Abrabanel, 480–481.

Diego de Valencia, convert, 181.

Diokna Kadisha, holy likeness, 538.

Divorces among Kabbalists, 626–627.

Dominicans denounce Jews and Hussites, 222, 226.
in the Reuchlin-Pfefferkorn quarrel. See Chapter XIV.
plot to expel the Marranos from Portugal, 486–488.

Doria, Andrea, doge, 555.
protects the Jews of Genoa, 554.

Doria, Giannettino, alluded to, 555.

"Doubts of the Religion of Jesus," controversial work, 235.

Duran. See Profiat Duran, Simon ben Zemach Duran, Solomon Duran, and Simon Duran II.

Du Guesclin, Bertrand, captain of the "white company," 123, 124, 126, 137.

"Eben Bochan," controversial work, 142, 143.

Ecija, Jews of, persecuted, 170.

Eck, Dr. John, and the Jews, 546–547.

Edict of Banishment from Spain, 347–348.

Edict of Grace, 315.

Edles, Samuel, Talmudist, 703.

Edom, Christendom, 18, 506.

Educational institutions (Hebrew), 48, 133, 145, 410, 681, 685.

Efodi (EphodÆus). See Profiat Duran.

Efrati, Amram, alluded to, 162.

Egidio de Viterbo, cardinal, 564, 583.
and the Kabbala, 481.
disciple of Elias Levita, 472.
opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 507.
quoted, 457.

Egypt, Jews in, 392–396.

Eisenach, Jews of, slaughtered, 109.

Eleazar ben Joseph, martyr, 49.

Eliano Vittorio, grandson of Elias Levita, convert, 564.
editor of the Cremona Zohar, 584.
hostile to the Talmud, 583.

Elias Levita, Hebrew grammarian, 471, 473.
grandsons of, 564.
invited into France, 473–474.

Elizabeth, of England, alluded to, 664.

Emden, Marranos in, 665.

Emek ha-Bacha, work by Joseph Cohen, 590, 608.

"Emunoth," Kabbalistic work, 197.

En-Sof, Kabbalistic term, 14.

En-Zag Vidal de Tolosa, rabbi, 155.

"Enemy of the Jews, The," second pamphlet by Pfefferkorn, 427.

England at war with Castile, 142.

Enns, Jews of, charged with host-desecration, 223.

Enoch, book of, source for the Kabbala, 17.

"EpistolÆ Obscurorum Virorum," a satire, 461–462.

Erasmus, humanist, 432, 433.
quoted, 462–463.

Erfurt, Jews of, perish, 109.

Eschenloer, quoted, 262.

EscrivÃo, assistant of Ar-Rabbi Mor, 159.

Eski-Crim, Karaite stronghold, 71.

Esperaindo, de, Juan, assassin of Arbues, 330.

Estella, Jews of, persecuted, 77–78.

Esther (Esterka), wife of Casimir the Great, 112.

Esther, book of, Spanish translation of, 148.

Etampes, d', Count, protector of the French Jews, 130, 132.

Eugenius IV, pope, 253, 275.
approves of John of Capistrano, 257–258.
confirms the privileges of the Jews, 249.
hostile to Jews, 229, 249, 250–252.

Evora, Inquisition at, 508.

Ezekiel, prophet, as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.

"Ezer ha-Emuna," controversial work, 141.

Fagius, Paulus, establishes a Hebrew press, 474.

Falaquera, Shem-Tob, philosopher, 24.

Falcos, Jews of, persecuted, 78.

Falero, Abraham Aboab, builds a synagogue at Hamburg, 691.

Farnese, Alexander, cardinal, protects the Jews, 567.

Faro, count of, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 338.

Farissol, Abraham, geographer, and controversialist, 411–413.

Father, Kabbalistic term, 19.

Ferdinand and Isabella, of Spain,
and Isaac Abrabanel, 343.
appoint an inquisitor-general, 324.
blamed for expulsion of the Jews, 356.
censured by Sixtus IV, 318–319.
decree the expulsion of the Jews, 346–348.
protect and employ Jews, 336.
treaty with Boabdil, 345.
See also Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Isabella, of Castile.

Ferdinand I, emperor, and Joseph Nassi, 597, 601.
banishes Jews from Bohemia, 544–545.
expels Jews from Austria and Bohemia, 585–586.

Ferdinand II, emperor, and the Hamburg Jews, 689.
introduces conversion sermons, 706.
levies a war-tax upon Jews, 701–702.

Ferdinand III, emperor, extends the privileges of the Bohemian Jews, 707.

Ferdinand I, of Aragon (Infante of Castile), regent of Castile, 194.
authorizes a disputation, 207.
lays restrictions upon the Jews of Castile, 203–204.
made king of Aragon, 205, 206.

Ferdinand II, of Aragon, V, of Castile (the Catholic), 284, 309, 384, 385.
approves of the Inquisition, 310–311.
his greed, 325–326.
his marriage, 280.
obtains the Inquisition for Aragon, 319.
threatens Navarre, 357.
See also Ferdinand and Isabella, and Isabella, of Castile, 340–341.

Ferdinand, of Braganza, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 338, 340–341.

Ferdinand IV, of Castile, advised by Jews, 51.

Ferdinand I, of Naples, 287, 383.
receives Jewish exiles, 358–360.

Ferdinand, of Portugal, Jews under, 158–159.

Ferdinand, of Tuscany, receives exiled Jews, 659.

Ferrara, Jewish printing houses in, 289.
Jews of, endangered, 660–661.
Jews settle in, 544.
Marranos of, unfortunate, 581.

Ferrer. See Ibn-Labi, Vidal ben Benveniste.

Ferrer, Vincent, 233, 239, 246, 296.
converts Jews, 214–215.
his character, 200–202.
in Aragon, 205–206.
opposed by JoÃo I, of Portugal, 218.
preaches against Benedict XIII, 216–217.
preaches Christianity in synagogues, 204–205.

Ferrus, Pero, convert, ridicules Jews, 181.

Fettmilch, Vincent, and the Jews of Frankfort, 696–700.

Fez, Jews in, 390.
Marranos emigrate to, 179.
Spanish exiles settle in, 361.

Firme-FÉ. See Nunes, Henrique.

Fiesco's conspiracy, alluded to, 555.

Flagellants persecute Jews, 111, 112.

Florence, commerce of, 285.
Jews of, protected, 297.

Foligno, di, Ananel, convert, denounces the Talmud, 564.

Forli, synod held at, 218, 219.

Formation, Kabbalistic term, 619.

"Fortalitium Fidei," work by Alfonso de Spina, 277, 415.

"Fortress, The," controversial work, 234.

Fraga, conversions in, 214.

France and Joseph Nassi, 597–599.

France, Jews of, and lepers, 57.
and the ban against science, 40.
banished, 46, 48, 175–177.
claimed as "servi camerÆ," 47.
fix the conditions of their return, 53–54, 129–131.
hardships of the, 48–50.
impoverished, 128–129.
massacred by the Shepherds, 55–57.
persecuted, 57–58, 151–152.
privileges extended, 54, 131–132, 150.
protest against MeÏr Halevi, 152–153.
Talmudical studies, 133.
usurers, 174.
wear badges, 131.

France, southern (Provence), clergy of, hostile to Jews, 132.
Jews of, persecuted, 53, 102–103, 173.
philosophers in, 87.
See also Provence.

Francis I, of France, patron of Hebrew learning, 473–474.

Franco, Christoval (Mordecai) Mendes, Portuguese Marrano in Holland, 667.

Franco, Nicolo, papal nuncio, 310.

Franconia, Jews of, expelled, 259–260.
seat of the Rindfleisch persecution, 35–36.

Frankfort-on-the-Main, confiscation of Hebrew books at, 429–431, 437–438, 439.

Frankfort-on-the-Main, Jews of, burn themselves, 109.
expelled, 698.
in the seventeenth century, 694–695.
mocked at, 299.
persecuted, 696–699.
threatened, 417, 463–464.
under restrictions, 700.

Frederick, elector of Saxony, protector of Luther, 469.

Frederick, elector palatine, alluded to, 678.

Frederick III, emperor, 249, 416.
and the Jews of Ratisbon, 303–306.
Jewish favorite of, 224.
Jews under, 293, 294.
protects Jews, 413–414.

Frederick, the Valiant, archduke of Austria, friendly to Jews, 111.

Freiburg, Jews of, 105–107.

Frohbach, alluded to, 638.

Funes, Jews of, persecuted, 78.

Furin al-Mizrayim, Cairo Purim, 396.

Galatino, and the Kabbala, 481, 583.

Galilee, Kabbalistic center, 617.

Gallaico, Elisha, indicts Azarya deÏ Rossi, 616.

Gama, da, Vasco, alluded to, 367.

Gans, David, historian, 638–639.

Gaon of Castile, 230.

Garcilaso, Spanish ambassador, 379.

Gardien, protector of the French Jews, 130.

Gascogne, Jews of, perish, 56.

Gematria, Kabbalistic term, 5.

Gemmingen, von, Uriel, elector and archbishop, addresses Maximilian I, 431.
appointed to examine Hebrew books, 441.
imperial commissioner, 437.
interferes in the Reuchlin trial, 452.
opposes Pfefferkorn, 430, 431.
See Chapter XIV.

Geneva (lake), scene of a Jewish persecution, 103–104, 105.

Genoa, commerce of, 285.
Jews of, banished, 554.
Spanish exiles in, 362–363.

German language cultivated by Polish Jews, 421.

Germans in the Middle Ages, 422–423.

Germany, cities of, re-admit Jews, 127–128.

Germany, Jews of, and the ban against science, 40.
and the confiscation of Hebrew books, 438.
in the seventeenth century, 694–702.
intellectual decay among the, 96, 133–135, 227.
observe a fast day, 225–226.
oppose Pfefferkorn, 427.
persecuted, 96, 97, 98, 218.
poll-tax imposed on, 96–97, 166.
privileges confirmed, 219.
protected by emperors, 36, 98.
speak a jargon, 388–389.
under Emperor Frederick III, 293–294.
See also cities of Germany.

Germany, North, Jews of, few in number, 111.

Germany, southern, Jews of,
charged with the blood-accusation, 227.
treated with hostility, 258.

George, elector of Bavaria, and Reuchlin, 454–455.

Gerlach, archbishop, obtains "servi camerÆ," 128.

Gerona, seat of the Kabbala, 1.
Jews of, massacred, 172.

Geronimo de Santa FÉ (Joshua Lorqui), convert, 200, 231, 232, 234, 238, 256.
and the Tortosa disputation, 207, 208–209.
as the censor of the Talmud, 213.
called "The Calumniator," 217.
employed as a conversionist, 206, 207.

Gersonides. See Levi ben Gerson.

Gerundensis, Moses, alluded to, 442.

Gerundi. See Nissim Gerundi ben Reuben.

Gerundi, En-Vidal Ephraim, alluded to, 162, 171.

Gesereth ha-RoÏm, massacre of the Shepherds, 55–57.

Gesereth Mezoraim, the leper persecutions, 57–58.

Ghent, Jews settle in, 662.

Ghinucci, de, Geronimo, cardinal, opposes the Inquisition, 507, 520.

Gibraltar demanded by Marranos as a refuge, 282–283.

Gil-Nunjoz, bishop, imprisons Jews of Palma, 246.

Glogau, Jews of, massacred, 111.

God-flesh (Dios-Carne), Francisco (Astruc Raimuch), conversionist, 182.

Godfrey, of WÜrzburg, bishop, expels Jews, 259–260.

"Golden Bull" promulgated at Nuremberg, 128.

Gomez, archbishop, presides over a religious discussion, 140.

Gomez, Duarte (Solomon Usque), poet, alluded to, 558.

Gonsalvo de Cordova, 666.
favorable to Jews, 384–385.

Gonzaga, Ludovico, duke of Mantua, alluded to, 287.

Gonzago, Vicenzo, duke of Mantua, enforces regulations against the Talmud, 659.

Gonzalez, Luis, secretary in Aragon, and the Inquisition, 329.

Gonzalo de Santa Maria, son of Solomon Levi, 216, 217.

Gospels, Four, in Hebrew, 143.

Gotha, Jews of, slaughtered, 109.

Gracian, Solomon, partisan of Ben Adret, 45.

Granada, a refuge for Spanish Marranos, 318.
ally of Pedro the Cruel, 125.
Jews of, Arabic scholars, 60.
makes Jews prisoners, 126.
Marranos emigrate to, 179.
negotiates with Martinez, 86.
war in, 344–346.

Graes, de, Ortuin (Ortuinus Gratius), Jew hater, 424–425, 450.

GratiÑo, Ezra, author of a commentary, 144.

Gratius, Ortuinus (Ortuin de Graes), Jew hater, 424–425, 450.

"Great Defender," Jacob ben Yechiel Loans, 414.

Gregory XIII, pope, attempts to convert Jews, 654–655.
prohibits the employment of Jewish physicians, 653–654.

Grimani, Dominico, cardinal, summons Hoogstraten, 458.

Groede, first Jewish burial place in Holland, 672.

GrÖnigen, von, Martin, translates the "Augenspiegel," 460.

"Guide of the Perplexed," 479.
and the Roman Jews, 60.
attacked by Aaron ben Elia, 95.
Latin translation of, 474.
neglected, 143.
studied by Moses Isserles, 638.

Guido Ubaldo, duke of Urbino, and the Marranos, 569, 578–582.

Guienne, lepers in, poison the water, 57.

Guilds opposed to Jews, 696–699.

Gunther, of Schwarzburg, and Emperor Charles IV, 109, 110.

Gustavus Adolphus, alluded to, 692.

Guttenstein, count, alluded to, 424.

Halevi, Elias, influences Karaites to Rabbinism, 270.

Halevi, Moses Uri, adviser of Portuguese Marranos in the Netherlands, 665, 666, 671.

Halevi, Samuel, ambassador to Pope Martin V, 219.

Halevi, Serachya, delegate at the Tortosa disputation, 208, 212.

Hamburg, 686–693.
clergy of, opposes Jews, 687–688, 689–690.
first synagogue in, 689.
German Jews settle in, 691.
Portuguese Jews granted residence in, 688.

Hamon, Isaac, physician in Granada, 344.

Hamon, Joseph, physician to Sultan Selim I, 401.

Hamon, Moses, physician to Sultan Solyman I, 401, 402.
intercedes for Gracia Mendesia, 575.
protects Turkish Jews, 553.

Hanau, Portuguese Marranos in, 695.

"Handspiegel," work by Pfefferkorn, 446.

Hanover, Jews of, persecuted by the flagellants, 111.

Haquinet, son of Manessier de Vesoul, 150.

"Harmony of Heaven," work by Judah Abrabanel, 480.

Hartmann von Deggenburg, persecutor of the Jews, 98.

Hebrew at the universities, 471, 473, 474.

"Hebrew Physician, The," work by David de Pomis, 656–657.

Hebrew studies among Christians, 433–434, 471, 473, 651.

Hebron, occupations of inhabitants of, 75.

"Hell of the Jews," Spain, 308.

Heller, Lipmann, rabbi at Vienna and Prague, 703–706.

Henrique, bishop, burns Portuguese Marranos, 499.

Henrique, Infante of Portugal, grand inquisitor, 521, 523.

Henry, bishop of Ratisbon, hostile to Jews, 301–302, 303, 304.

Henry II, of Castile de Trastamare, son of Alfonso XI, 114, 120, 169.
and the Jews, 124, 125, 137, 139, 140.
appoints Jews to offices, 138, 156.
his war with Pedro the Cruel, 122–126.

Henry II, of Castile, and Paul Burgensis, 185, 194, 196.
favorable to Jews, 190, 193.

Henry IV, of Castile, and the Jews, 274, 275–276, 279–281.
deposed, 278.
opposed to the Inquisition, 310.
plot against, 283.

Henry II, of France, 411.
and Joseph Nassi, 595–596, 597–599.
friendly to Jews, 544.
repudiates his debt to the Mendes family, 574.

Henry III, of France (Henry of Anjou), candidate for the Polish throne, 604–605.

Henry IV, of France, alluded to, 672.

Henry, of Orange, favorable to Jews, 678.

Henry Julius, of Brunswick, expels the Jews, 652.

Hercules d'Este I, of Ferrara, patron of Abraham Farissol, 412–413.

Hercules d'Este II, of Ferrara,
friendly to Jews, 544.
protects Gracia Mendesia, 575.

Hermandad, the, proscribes Jews, 251.

Herrera, Marrano martyr, 494.

Herrera, de, Alonso (Abraham), Spanish resident in Cadiz, 665–666.

Herrera, de, Pedio, Marrano, 282–283.

Hess, Hermann, appointed to direct the confiscation of Hebrew books, 437–438.

Hillel of Verona introduces a scientific method among Italian Jews, 59.

Hinderbach, bishop, hostile to Jews, 298–299.

Historical studies promoted by persecution, 554–555.

"History of the Jews" by Gedalya Ibn-Yachya, 616.

Hochmeister, rabbis in Franconia, 259.

Hochstraten. See Hoogstraten, Jacob.

Holland, Jews plan to emigrate to, 283.
See also the Netherlands.

Holy Land. See Palestine.

Holy Roman Empire. See Germany.

Holy Sepulcher, Church of the, alluded to, 272, 274.

Homem, Gaspar Lopes, Portuguese Marrano, 664.

Homem, Mayor Rodrigues, Portuguese Marrano, emigrates to Holland, 667.
sends her family to Holland, 664–665.

Hoogstraten, Jacob, Dominican general, 424.
appeals to Leo X, 455–456.
appointed to examine into Hebrew books, 441, 444.
summoned to Rome, 458.
summons Reuchlin as a heretic, 450–452.
See Chapter XIV.

Hosiander, supposed author of "Little Book about the Jews," 545.

"House of Jacob," first synagogue in Amsterdam, 667, 671.

Hubmaier, Balthasar, enemy of the Jews, 542–543.

Huete, Jews of, persecuted, 170.

Hungary, Jews of, emigrate, 111.
threatened by Turks, 268.

Huss, John, 221–222.

Hussite war against Catholicism, 222, 224–226.

Hussites aided by Jews, 222.
and the Jews of Ratisbon, 301.

Hutten, von, Ulrich, 468.
ally of Reuchlin, 456–457.
and the Dominicans, 465.
Jewish advocate at the imperial court, 431.
quoted, 462.

Ibbur, Kabbalistic term, 620.

Ibn-Abi Zimra, David, Kabbalist, 481.
rabbi of Cairo, 393, 394–395.

Ibn-Albilla, David, philosopher, 91.

Ibn-Alfual, Joseph, translator of Maimuni, 60.

Ibn-Almali, Nathaniel, translator of Maimuni, 60.

Ibn-Askara, Chananel, Kabbalist, 74.

Ibn-Benveniste Halevi, Joseph ben Abraham. See Joseph of Ecija.

Ibn-Chabib, Jacob, Talmudist, 405.

Ibn-Ezra, Abraham, 442, 476.
commented upon by Profiat Duran, 191.
studied by Jews of Spain, 143–144.

Ibn-Ezra, Moses, poems of, in the Karaite prayer-book, 71.

Ibn-Gaon, Shem Tob ben Abraham, Kabbalist, 74.

Ibn-Gebirol, Solomon, 67, 230.
hymns of, in the Karaite prayer-book, 71.

Ibn-Labi, Vidal ben Benveniste (Ferrer), neo-Hebraic poet, 230.
at Tortosa, 207–208, 211, 214, 215.
translator of Aristotle, 193.
work by, 233–234.

Ibn-Latif, Isaac, Kabbalist, 3–4, 10.

Ibn-Musa, Chayim, controversial writer, 235–237.

Ibn-Nagrela, Samuel, alluded to, 337.

Ibn-NuÑez, Jacob, physician of Henry IV of Castile, 275.

Ibn-Said, Isaac (Zag), publishes the Alfonsine Tables, 367.

Ibn-Shaprut, ChasdaÏ, alluded to, 119.

Ibn-Shem Tob, Joseph ben Shem Tob, controversial writer, 235.
holds office in Castile, 228–229.
philosopher, 243–244.

Ibn-Shem Tob, Shem Tob ben Joseph, father of the preceding, Kabbalist, 196, 197, 239.

Ibn-Shoshan, Abraham, rabbi in Egypt, 393.

Ibn-Shoshan family visited by Black Death, 113.

Ibn-Sid, Samuel, scholar, 392.

Ibn-Tibbon, Samuel, translator of Maimuni's works, 32, 60.

Ibn-Verga, Joseph, historian, 557.

Ibn-Verga, Judah, Kabbalist and historian, 335, 336, 556.

Ibn-Verga, Solomon, Marrano historian, 556–557.

Ibn-Wakar, Jehuda ben Isaac, treasurer under Juan Emanuel, 52–53.

Ibn-Wakar, Samuel (Abenhuacar), physician of Alfonso XI, 76, 79, 80, 84.
offices of, 80, 81.

Ibn-Yachya, David, rabbi of Naples, Talmudist, 410.

Ibn-Yachya family, 159, 609.

Ibn-Yachya, Gedalya, patron of learning, 609.

Ibn-Yachya, Gedalya, grandson of the preceding, historian, 592, 609, 615–617.

Ibn-Yachya, Joseph, delegate at Tortosa, 208.

Ibn-Yachya, Joseph, intercedes for the Spanish exiles in Portugal, 366.

Ibn-Yachya, Moses, philanthropist, 609.

Ibn-Yachya Negro, favorites of Alfonso V, of Portugal, 339.

Ibn-Yachya Negro, Judah, counselor of JoÃo I, of Portugal, 218.

Ibn-Yaish, officer at the court of Castile, 84.

Ibn-Zachin, martyr, 576.

Ibn-Zarzal, Abraham, physician of Pedro the Cruel, 116, 121.

Icabo, character in Samuel Usque's work, 558, 559.

Ikkarim, work by Joseph Albo, 239.

Ilhas perdidas, Jewish children at the, 371.

Immanuel ben Solomon Romi, poet, 63–69, 230, 289.
a representative of the Roman congregation, 60.
compared with Dante, 65, 66, 67.
language and style, 63–64, 67, 68.

"In Praise and Honor of Emperor Maximilian," pamphlet by Pfefferkorn, 430.

Index expurgatorius includes the Zohar, 584.

Innocent III, pope, alluded to, 244, 562.

Innocent IV, pope, deprecates forcible baptism, 165.

Innocent VII, pope, 368.
opposed to the expulsion of Jews from Spain, 346.

Inquisition, the, in Aragon, 319, 328–329.
in the Netherlands, 662.
resisted in Navarre, 357.
under Pope Paul IV, 568–571.

Inquisition, the Portuguese, 499–500, 505, 513–528.
described, 522–523.
sanctioned, 518–519, 526–527.

Inquisition, the Spanish, and the Marranos, 483–485.
at Benevento, 385.
at Seville, 312–314.
code, 326–328.
desired, 310.
first germs of, 256.
first Marrano victims of, 316–318.
judge of appeals appointed, 320.
statute ratified, 312.
tribunals multiplied, 325.
unpopular, 313.

"Investigation of Religion, The," work by Elias del Medigo, 293.

Isaac ben Jacob Campanton, Talmudist, Gaon of Castile, 230.

Isaac ben Kalonymos (Isaac Nathan), controversial writer, and author of a Bible concordance, 234–235.

Isaac ben Moses. See Profiat Duran.

Isaac ben Sheshet Barfat (Ribash), philosopher, 145–146, 147–150.
appealed to, 150, 153.
attacked by Simon Duran, 199.
imprisoned, 150, 155.
quarrel with Chayim ben Gallipapa, 148.
rabbi of northern Africa, 198–199.

Isaac ben Todros, Kabbalist, 74.

Isaac de Leon, last Toledan rabbi, 392.

Isaac of Accho, Kabbalist, 20.

Isaac of Salzuflen attempts to settle in Holland, 685–686.

Isaac the Blind, supposed originator of the Kabbala, 21.

Isaac Tyrnau compiles Jewish customs, 134–135.
his rigidity, 227.

Isabella, of Castile, 309.
favors Marranas, 311.
influenced by Torquemada, 310.
marriage, 280.
party of, 279.
piety, 310.
queen of Spain, 284.
See also Ferdinand and Isabella, and Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Isabella of Castile, wife of Manoel, of Portugal, 374, 381.
cruelty, 376, 379–380.
unfriendly to Jews, 373–374.

Isaiah, prophet, as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.
prophecies of, 149.
quoted, 211.

Isaiah ben Abba-Mari, 162.
appoints his relatives to rabbinates, 153.
invested with authority over French Jews, 152.

Ishmael, the Mahometan world, 18.

Isny, Hebrew press at, 474.

Israeli II, Isaac ben Joseph, astronomer, 51.

Isserlein, Israel, partisan of Israel Bruna, 302, 303.

Isserles, Moses, ben Israel, Talmudist, 634, 637–638.

Israel of Enns accused of host desecration, 223.

Italy, refuge for Marranos, 318.

Italy, Jews of, culture of, 288–289.
hold synods, 218.
number of, 653.
petition Pope Martin V, 219.
under restrictions, 251, 253.

Italy, Jews settle in, 352, 407–413.
toleration of, 285–286.

Ivan IV, of Russia (the Cruel), and the Polish election, 603.
hostile to Jews, 633.

Jaabez, Joseph, opponent of free thought, 343, 479.

Jacob ben Asheri, son of Asher ben Yechiel, Talmudist, 87–90.
his code commented upon by Karo, 537.

Jacob ben Moses MÖlin Halevi (Maharil), rabbi, 227.
arranges the ritual, 225.
compiles Jewish customs, 135.

Jacob ben Machir Tibbon (Profatius), scientist, 30–31, 48.
and the ban against science, 42.
his ban against the proscribers of science, 40–41.

Jacob, of Belzyce, controversialist, 648.

Jacob, of Navarre, executed, 357–358.

Jacob, of Segovia, Kabbalist, 2.

Jacob Tam, alluded to, 609.

Jacopo, Flavio, poet, quoted, 610.

Jaen, Inquisition at, 325.
Jews of, imprisoned, 126.

Jafa, Mordecai, president of the Polish synods, 645.

JÄger, Johann (Crotus Rubianus), author of the "EpistolÆ Obscurorum Virorum," 456, 461.

Jargon, 388–389.

Jaroslaw, meeting-place of Talmudists, 640.
of the Polish synods, 644.

Jehuda ben Asheri, son of Asher ben Yechiel, Talmudist, rabbi of Toledo, 87–88, 90, 144.

Jehuda ben Asher II, heroism of, 170.

Jehuda ben Moses ben Daniel, (Leone Romano), scholar, 60, 68–69, 289.

Jehuda Halevi, 67.
poems of, in the Karaite prayer-book, 71.

Jerome, Church Father, alluded to, 83, 342, 433, 435, 552.

Jerusalem, growth of, 396–397.
Jews of, build a synagogue, 273–274.
of the Occident, 136.
occupations of inhabitants of, 74.
pilgrims visit, 73.
Spanish exiles settle in, 396–398.

Jesiba de los Pintos, Hebrew institute at Rotterdam, 685.

Jesuits, order of, 524–525.

Jesurun, RËuel, (Rohel Jesurun, Paul de Pina), poet, 669–670, 678–679.

Jesurun, David, poet, quoted, 669.

Jesus in the Old Testament, 141, 212, 256.

Jew badges, abolished by Pius IV, 588.
decreed by popes, 216, 250, 566, 590.
enforced, 54, 131, 138–139, 150, 255, 258, 266, 278, 519, 543, 545, 696, 702.

Jewish colleges in France dispersed, 48.

Jewish congregations autonomous, 40.

Jew quarters decreed by popes, 250, 566, 590.
in Spain, 203, 335–336.
in Venice, 408.

Jews aid Hussites, 222.
and Marranos, 334–335.
and the Black Death, 101–114.
and the Dutch in Brazil, 693–694.
and the Reformation, 470.
as artisans, 74–75.
as physicians, 275, 287, 407–408, 411, 653–654, 692.
as printers, 289, 581.
declared outlaws, 107.
divided into national groups, 478.
emigrate to Turkey, 273.
granted to electors, 128.
hated by Luther, 547–552.
in the fourteenth century, 127.
in the Peasant War, 542–543.
in the Thirty Years' War, 701–702, 707–708.
indispensable to Christians, 127, 137, 263, 353.
maintain catechumens, 566.
persecuted by the clergy, 163–164.
proscribed by the Council of Basle, 245–246.
protected by Charles IV, 106.
scientific inquiry among, 479.
spiritual condition of, in the Middle Ages, 477–479.
under Emperor Sigismund, 248.
wanderings of, 676.
See also the various countries, etc.

Jikatilla, Joseph ben Abraham, Kabbalist, 3, 6, 10, 466.

Joachim I, elector of Brandenburg, persecutes the Jews, 440.

Joachim II, elector of Brandenburg, alluded to, 652.

JoÃo, Infante of Portugal, and Leonora, 160.

JoÃo I, of Portugal, protects new-Christians, 217–218.

JoÃo II, of Portugal, 340, 373.
and Isaac Abrabanel, 341.
and Judah Abrabanel, 361.
and the Spanish exiles, 352, 365–366, 370–371.
lays restrictions upon Marranos, 368.
summons an astronomical congress, 367.
transports Jewish children, 371.

JoÃo III, of Portugal, and David Reubeni, 493.
institutes a Jew badge, 519.
plans the Inquisition, 488–491, 499–500.

Joanna, of Castile, alluded to, 373.

Joanna, of Naples, hostile to Jews, 258.

Job, book of, paraphrased, 140.
poem by Belmonte, 665.

Jochanan, son of Matathiah Provenci, rabbi, 152, 153, 162.

John II, duke of Brabant, and the Jews, 112.

John II, of Aragon, Jews under, 274, 275.

John Albert, of Poland, hostile to Jews, 419.

John George, elector of Brandenburg, alluded to, 652.

John Maurice, of Nassau, stadtholder of Brazil, 693.

John of Capistrano, 249, 257–268, 276, 277, 296, 418, 419.
arouses hatred against Jews, 258–263, 266–268.
employed by Nicholas V, 253.
in Poland, 265.
in Silesia, 260–263.
in southern Germany, 258–260.

John, of France, permits Jews to return to France, 128–129, 133.

John XXII, pope, exiles Jews, 61.
opposed to a crusade, 55.

John XXIII, pope, character of, 201.

John of Valladolid, apostate, 140–141, 209.

Jonah, rabbi of Vienna, 110.

Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives (Joshua Allorqui), opponent of Paul Burgensis, 186–187.

Joshua, father of Narboni, 94.

JosÉ ben JosÉ, Hebrew poet, 67.

Joseph, son of Manessier de Vesoul, convert, 150.

Joseph ben Abraham Ibn-Benveniste Halevi. See Joseph of Ecija.

Joseph ben Abraham Jikatilla, Kabbalist, 3, 6, 10, 466.

Joseph ben Israel, father of Manasseh ben Israel, 671.

Joseph de Avila discovers the spuriousness of the Zohar, 20.

Joseph, duke of Mantua, banishes rabbis, 295.

Joseph, Karaite, 269.

Joseph of Arli, Kabbalist, 511–512.

Joseph of Ecija (Joseph ben Abraham Ibn-Benveniste Halevi), treasurer of Alfonso XI, 76, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84.

Josephus, 614.
work of, translated, 608.

Joslin of Rosheim. See Loans, Joseph ben Gershon.

Juan Alfonso de Albuquerque, minister of Pedro the Cruel, 115, 117.

Juan de EspaÑa (Juan the Old), convert, 233.

Juan de Lucena, executes the edict of banishment, 348–349, 355.

Juan de Seville. See Abrabanel, Samuel (I).

Juan Emanuel, regent of Castile, favors Jews, 52–53.

Juan I, of Aragon, character of, 170.

Juan I, of Castile, and the Jews, 157, 158.
and the regent of Portugal, 160.
crowned, 156.
regent of Portugal, 161–162.

Juan II, of Castile, 193, 275, 277.
and the Jews, 228–229, 251, 252.
complains of the Marranos, 256.
permits a synod to be held, 229.
restrictions laid upon Jews under, 203–204.

Judah, treasurer of Ferdinand of Portugal, 159, 160, 161, 162.

Judah ben Baba, alluded to, 536.

Judah ben Moses Tibbon, opponent of Abba Mari, 32.

Judah ben Yechiel (Messer Leon), rabbi in Mantua, 289–290.
attainments and works, 289.
feud with Joseph Kolon, 295.
hostility to, 293.

Judah, Siciliano, poet, 60, 68.

"Judah's Rod of Correction," history by the Ibn-Vergas, 557–558.

Judaism and the Reformation, 471–476.

"Judaism, or the Jewish Doctrine," by John Miller, 692.

Judenmeister, three rabbis in Germany, 227.

"JudenstÄttigkeit" residence of Jews in Frankfort and Worms, 695–696.
abolished, 700.

Juderia, Jew quarter, 169.

Juglar, Gaspar, inquisitor, 326.

Julian, the Apostate alluded to, 267.

Julius II, pope, alluded to, 407, 408.

Julius III, pope, and the Portuguese Marranos, 528.
and the Talmud, 565.

Justiniani, Augustin, Hebrew scholar, 473–474.

Kabbala, the, 1–23, 91, 196.
and Pope Sixtus IV, 292.
and Reuchlin, 466–467, 481.
Christian dogmas in, 291–292.
compared with the Talmud, 19.
Elias del Medigo on, 292.
in the East, 617–627.
studied by Pico di Mirandola, 291–292, 443.

Kabbalistic centers, 1, 2, 399, 405, 538.

Kabbalistic customs, 5–6.

Kabbalistic terms, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22, 572, 619, 620.

Kabbalistic works, 6, 10, 196, 197.
the Zohar, 11–24.
translated, 443.

Kabbalists, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 20, 21, 74, 196, 197, 291, 335, 369, 381, 399, 405, 466, 481, 511, 538, 556, 618, 623, 625.

Kahal Kados, the Recife Jewish community, 693.

Kahiya, advocate of Turkish Jews, 404.

Kalish, Jews of, massacred, 111.

Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, satirist, 61–63, 68.

Kalonymos ben Todros, partisan of Abba-Mari, 34, 38, 39.

Kalmann, of Ratisbon, convert, 288.

Kalmann, an immigrant, urges Jews to go to Turkey, 271.

Kapsali, Elias ben Elkanah, historian, 406–407, 557.

Kapsali, Eliezer, influences Karaites to Rabbinism, 270.

Kapsali, Elkanah, aids Spanish exiles in Candia, 364.

Kapsali, Moses, chief rabbi of Turkey, 268–269, 402.
aids Spanish exiles, 364.
and Karaites, 270, 271.

Karaism and Shemarya Ikriti, 69.

Karaites, calendar, 70, 270.
converted to Rabbinism, 72.
dissensions among, 269–270.
establish pilgrim prayers, 73–74.
feud with Elias Mizrachi, 403–404.
instructed by Rabbanites, 269–271.
marriage laws, 70.

Karben, von, Victor, convert, 424–425.
appointed to examine into Hebrew books, 441, 444.

Kara, Avigedor, friend of Emperor Wenceslaus, 166.

Karo, Joseph, 580, 599, 637.
and Molcho, 511, 537.
converted to Kabbalism, 496–497, 537.
his code, 539, 612, 613.
his Maggid, 497, 537–539.
opposes Dei Rossi, 616.
ordained, 536, 537.

Kartiel, Kabbalistic term, 17.

Kaspi, Joseph, philosopher, 87, 91.

Kelifa (Kelifoth), Kabbalistic term, 17, 620.

Kepler, alluded to, 638.

Khataib, Spanish synagogue at Damascus, 400.

Kiera, Esther, Turkish court Jewess, 629–630.
patroness of Jewish learning, 608, 630.

Kimchi, David, alluded to, 476.

Kimchi, Moses, grammarian, 474.

Kimchis, the, alluded to, 442.

King, Kabbalistic term, 18.

Klausner, Abraham, compiles Jewish customs, 134.

Klonowicz, Polish poet, 643.

Kodesh ha-Kodashim, work by Ibn-Labi Ferrer, 234.

Kolon, Joseph ben Solomon, rabbi of Mantua, 294–295.

KÖnigsberg, Jews of, burnt, 110–111.

Krems, Jews of, commit suicide, 110.

Kunigunde, influences Emperor Maximilian against the Jews, 428–429, 437, 440.

La AsumÇÃo, de, Diogo, convert to Judaism, 668–669, 670.

La Caballeria, de, Pedro, apostate, 231.

Ladislaus, of Bohemia, and the Ratisbon Jews, 303.

Ladislaus, of Hungary, and the Jews of Bohemia, 417.
and the Jews of Breslau, 262–263.

La Fuente, de, Juan, inquisitor, 484.

Lagarto, Jacob, first American Talmudical author, 693.

La Guardia, Jews of, accused of child-murder, 343.

LÄmmlein, Asher, forerunner of the Messiah, 482–483.

Languedoc, Jews of, and the ban against science, 40.
protected by the governor, 132.

Lansac, de, French ambassador, 577.

Larta, Jewish exiles in, 406.

Lateran Council (Fourth) and the Reuchlin quarrel, 464.

Lates, de, Bonet, physician to popes, 407–408.
aids Reuchlin, 453–454.

Leather-arms. See Armleder.

Lecha Dodi, Sabbath song, 538.

Lemberg, meeting-place of Talmudists, 640.

Leo X, pope, 407, 408, 592.
and Reuchlin, 452–453, 465.
encourages the printing of the Talmud, 468, 565.

Leo of Crema, alluded to, 287.

Leo Medigo. See Abrabanel, Judah Leon.

Leo the Hebrew. See Levi ben Gerson.

Leon de Bagnols. See Levi ben Gerson.

Leon, Jacob Jehuda, controversial author, 691.

Leon, Jews of, baptized, 205.

Leon, (Messer). See Judah ben Yechiel.

Leonora d'Este, and Jews, 660.

Leonora de Guzman, mistress of Alfonso XI, saves the Jews, 85, 113.

Leonora, of Portugal, regent, plots against Juan I of Castile, 161.
removes Jews from office, 160.

Lenoora, of Tuscany, and Benvenida Abrabanela, 410, 544.

Lepers accuse Jews, 57.

Lerida, Jews of, converted, 214.
massacred, 172.

Lerida opposes the Inquisition, 332.

"Letter of Aristas" translated by DeÏ Rossi, 615.

"Letter of Warning," by Solomon Alami, 154.

"Letters of Obscurantists," a satire, 461–462.

Levi, Abraham, Kabbalist, 481.

Levi, Astruc, delegate at the Tortosa disputation, 208, 214, 215.

Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim, chief of the allegorists, 24–25, 91.
takes refuge with Sulami, 28–29.

Levi ben Gerson (Gersonides, Leo the Hebrew, Leon de Bagnols), philosopher, 87, 91–94, 146, 147, 197, 342, 442, 476.
and Pope Clement VI, 94, 103.
astronomer, and physician, 91–92.
author of a methodology of the Mishna, 92.
predicts the Messianic redemption, 120.

Levi ben Shem Tob, convert, 375.

Levi of Villefranche. See Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim.

Levi, Solomon, (Paul Burgensis, Paul de Santa Maria), convert, 182–190, 231, 256, 342.
favored by Pope Benedict XIII, 184, 190.
lays restrictions upon the Jews of Castile, 203–204.
revives anti-Jewish laws, 194–195.
work by, 233.

Levita, Elias. See Elias Levita.

"Light of the Eyes," work by DeÏ Rossi, 615, 616.

Lima, de, David, builds the third Hamburg synagogue, 691.

Limpo, Balthasar, bishop, and Pope Paul III, 525–526.

Lindau, Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 227.
persecuted, 105.

Lipmann of MÜhlhausen (Tab-Yomi), scholar, 178.

Lippold, physician, tortured, 652.

Lisbon, port for exiles, 374, 376.
council of, hostile to the Jews, 160.
Inquisition at, 508.
Marranos massacred in, 487.

Lithuania, Jews of, enjoy peace, 418, 420.
the Reformation in, 646–648.

"Little Book about the Jews," pamphlet, 545–546, 547.

Liturgy Kabbalistic, 481.

Loans, Jacob ben Yechiel, physician to Frederick III, 413–414.
teacher of Reuchlin, 433.

Loans, Joseph ben Gershon, and Molcho, 510.
representative of Jews, 414.

Lodi, Jews of, expelled, 660.

LogroÑo, Jews of, persecuted, 170.

Longo, Saadio, Hebrew poet, 609.

Lopes de Almeida, Portuguese ambassador to Rome, 340.

Lopez, Pedro, poet and chronicler, quoted, 121, 122.

Lorqui, Joseph. See Geronimo de Santa FÉ.

Lost Islands, Jewish children at the, 371.

Louis, duke of Bavaria, and the Jews of Ratisbon, 301–302, 303.

Louis, duke of Landshut (the Rich), persecutes Jews, 253–254.

Louis, emperor (the Bavarian), and the Jews, 96, 98.
sons of, favor the persecution of the Jews, 110.

Louis, of Brandenburg, orders the persecution of Jews, 110–111.

Louis, of Darmstadt, protects Jews, 699.

Louis X, of France, recalls the Jews, 53, 54.

Louis XII, of France, and Reuchlin, 459.

Louis, of Hungary, and the Jews, 111.

Louis, regent of France, extends the privileges of Jews, 150.

Loyola, Ignatius, 525, 562.

Lublin, meeting-place of Talmudists, 640.
of the Polish synods, 644.

Lublin, third Jewish community in Poland, 632.

Lucero, Diego Rodriguez, hangman in Cordova, 484, 489.

Luna, de, Alvaro, minister of Juan II, of Castile, 228, 251, 256.

Luna, de, Pedro. See Benedict XIII.

LÜnel, Jews of, accused of desecrating Christian symbols, 55.
expelled, 48.
side with Abba-Mari, 33.

Lusitano, Abraham Zacuto, physician, 678.

Lusitanus, Amatus (JoÃo Rodrigo de Castel-Branco), physician of Pope Julius III, 569–570.
death, 610.
leaves Pesaro, 581.

Luther, Martin, reformer, 467.
advises confiscation of Hebrew books, 550.
and the Jews, 547–552.
at Worms, 469.
maligns the Talmud, 549–550.
quoted, 470.

Lutherans and the Spanish Inquisition, 485.

Lurya, Isaac, Kabbalist, 618, 623–627.
and Chayim Vital Calabrese, 623–624.
effect of his teaching, 625–627.
his Messianic claims, 622, 624.
his system, 617–622.

Lurya, Solomon, Talmudist, 634–637.
criticism of Jewish society, 635–636.

Luzk, Karaites of, well treated by Casimir IV, 265.

Lyra, de, Nicholas, 232, 342, 442.
admires Rashi, 185.
refuted, 237.

Maamad, rabbinical councils at Amsterdam, 684.

"MaasÉ Efod," Hebrew grammar by Profiat Duran, 191.

Maccabees, the, and the biblical prophecies, 149.

Machault, Denys, convert, 175.

Madrid, cortes of, and usurers, 80.

Maella, Jews of, converted, 214.

Magdeburg, Jews of, banished, 416.
persecuted, 111.

Maggid, dream-prompter, 496, 537–538.

Maharil. See Jacob ben Moses MÖlin Halevi.

Mahomet II, sultan, and the Jews, 267–269.

Mahomet IV, sultan, alluded to, 629.

Maillotins, rising of the, 152.

Maimi, Simon, martyr, 380–381.

Maimonides. See Maimuni, Moses.

Maimuni, Abraham II, and the Karaites, 72.

Maimuni, David, Nagid, 72.

Maimuni, Moses, 67, 93, 94, 146, 147, 192, 197, 239, 243, 290.
articles of faith by, 193, 240.
attacked by Aaron II, 95.
code of, 86, 88, 89.
defended, 41, 42, 43, 44, 392.
on Ordination, 530–531.
rationalizes the Scriptures, 23.
studied by Polish Jews, 633.

Maimuni's works and the Roman Jews, 60.
commented, 191.
neglected, 143.
proscribed, 40.

Maiora, martyr, 570.

Majorca, French exiles settle on, 49, 50.
Inquisition on, 332.

Majorca, Jews of, persecuted, 171, 246–247.
seek refuge in Africa, 197.

Mallo, inquisitor, 521.

Malmed, Jacob Anatoli's sermons, 32, 39, 40.

Malta, Order of, hostile to Jews, 592, 656.

Mamson, tortured on the charge of poisoning, 104.

Manasseh ben Israel, rabbi at Amsterdam, 682–684.

Manessier de Vesoul, receiver general, 130, 132.
and the Jews of France, 129, 131–132.
sons of, 150, 151, 152.

Manoel, the Great, of Portugal, and the Marranos, 485, 486, 488.
converts Jews by force, 375–377.
friendly to Jews, 372–374.
issues an amnesty, 379.

Manrique, Inigo, inquisition judge of appeals, 320.

Mansfield, general, alluded to, 701.

Mantin, Jacob, physician and philosopher, 411, 515.
denounces Molcho, 506–507.
instructs Christians, 473.

"Mappa," by Moses Isserles, 637.

"Mar Mar Jesu," anti-Christian work, 215.

Marcellus II, pope, alluded to, 566.

Margaritha, Anton, convert, maligns Jews, 551.

Maria de Medici, alluded to, 673.

Maria de Molina, regent of Castile, 2, 52, 53.

Maria de Padilla, wife of Pedro the Cruel, 116, 117, 122–123.

Maria of the Netherlands, alluded to, 572.

Maroli, Menachem, Karaite, 269.

Marranos, (new-Christians, Anusim) forced converts, 179–181.
and David Reubeni, 494–495.
and Jews, 334–335.
and the Inquisition, 310–313.
attacked in Castile, 280–283.
catechism of, 311.
conspire against Arbues, 329–331.
excluded from church offices, 321, 582.
flee to Navarre, 357–358.
help the Spanish exiles, 354–355.
injure Judaism, 181.
of Ancona, 408, 500.
of Ferrara, 581.
of Pesaro, 578–582.
petition Alexander VI, 378–380.
protected by JoÃo I, 218.
signs of, 315–316.
sufferings of, 483–490.
troublesome to the church, 255–257.
under Henry IV, of Castile, 276.
victims of the Inquisition, 314, 316–318, 323–325, 350, 351.

Marranos, Portuguese, and Clement VII, 509.
and Paul III, 516–517, 519–520.
and Paul IV, 568.
as physicians, 488.
burnt, 499.
culture of, 674.
emigrate, 485–486.
forbidden to emigrate, 508–509.
imprisoned, 670–671.
in Hamburg, 686–693.
in the Netherlands, 662–675.
informed against, 489–490.
keep an agent at Rome, 512–513.
massacred in Lisbon, 487.
persecuted, 521–522.
refused by Frankfort, 695.
settle in Italy, 568–571.
sufferings of, 528.
under restrictions, 368.
useful citizens, 527–528.

Marseilles, Jews of, protected, 177.

Martin V, pope, 229, 249, 253.
and the Jews, 219–220, 226–227.

Martinez (Martin), Fernan, and Joseph Pichon, 156–157, 193, 335.

Martinez, Gonzalo, favorite of Alfonso XI, 83–86.

Mascarenhas, John Rodrigo, Marrano tax farmer, 486.

Masserano, Bezalel, pleads for the Talmud, 658.

Matathiah ben Joseph Provenci, chief rabbi, 133, 152.

Matronita, Kabbalistic term, 18, 19.

Matthias, emperor, abolishes JudenstÄttigkeit, 700.

Maurice, of Orange, favorable to Jews, 674, 678.

Maximilian I, emperor, and Jews, 414–415, 423–429.
and the German Jews, 463–464.
and the Nuremberg Jews, 415–416.
and the Pfefferkorn-Reuchlin case, 429, 437, 441, 458–459.

Maximilian II, emperor, 587.
and the Polish election, 603.

Mayence, decisions of, 135.
exiles from, 294, 295.

Mayence, Jews of, banished, 413.
massacred, 109.

MedeÏros, Francisco (Isaac) Mendes, Marrano, 667, 671.

Medici, family of, alluded to, 289, 291.

Medicine, study of, allowed, 40.

Medigo, Leon. See Abrabanel, Judah Leon.

Medina del Campo, cortes of, and the Inquisition, 310, 313.
Jews of, burnt, 278.

Medina-Sidonia, Marranos take refuge in, 313.

Medina-Sidonia, duke of, and Marranos, 282, 283.

Megadef, sobriquet of Geronimo de Santa FÉ, 217.

MeÏl Zedek. See Menachem of Merseburg.

MeÏr ben Baruch Halevi, rabbi, and the French Jews, 152–153.
compiles Jewish customs, 134.

MeÏr ben Gabbai, Kabbalist, 481.

MeÏr of Rothenburg, 34, 37, 74.

MeÏr, son-in-law of Abraham Benveniste, 351.

MeÏri, rabbi of Perpignan, 26–27.

MeÏron, Simon bar YochaÏ buried in, 623.

Meles, Moses Iskafat, partisan of Ben Adret, 44.

Meliza, poetical prose, 65.

Menachem ben Aaron ben Zerach, rabbi of Toledo, 77, 144–145.

Menachem of Merseburg, Talmudist, 227–228.

Mendes, Diogo, banker at Antwerp, 572, 573.

Mendes, Francisco, husband of Gracia Mendesia, 571, 572.

Mendes, Manuel, Marrano, 516.

Mendes, Portuguese family in Holland, 667.

Mendesia, Gracia (Beatrice), Marrano philanthropist, 571, 578.
at Antwerp, 572–573.
at Constantinople, 577.
at Ferrara, 575–577.
at Venice, 574–575.
eulogized by Samuel Usque, 575–576.
protects the Ancona Marranos, 578, 579–580.

Mendeza, archbishop, prepares a catechism for Marranos, 311.

Menz, Abraham, head of the Padua college, 410.

Menz, Judah, Talmudist, 294, 406, 410.
and Elias del Medigo, 295.

Menz, Moses, Talmudist, in Posen, 294.

Merlo, de, Diego, member of the Inquisition commission, 312.

Messianic pretenders, 7, 197, 482–483.

Messianic prophets, 8–10.

Messianic speculations, 7, 8–10, 18–19, 120, 141, 471, 482–483, 494–495, 497, 530, 534, 622, 624, 625.

Meshullam ben Jacob, patron of learning, 30.

Meshullam, of Rome, 346–347.

Meyer, of Breslau, accused of host-desecration, 261.

Meyer, Peter, partisan of Pfefferkorn, 449.

Michael, of Frankfort, and Luther, 551.

Michael, the Old, Karaite, 269.

Middelburg refuses Portuguese Marranos, 663.

Midrash of Simon bar YochaÏ, the Zohar, 19.

Milan, Jews of, expelled, 660.

Milchamoth AdonaÏ, work by Gersonides, 92, 93.

Miliana, Jews settle in, 197.

Miller, John, and the Hamburg Jews, 691–692.
quoted, 690.

Minim imprecated in Jewish prayers, 83.

Minyan Yavanim, Seleucidan chronology, 394–395.

Miques, JoÃo. See Nassi, Joseph.

"Mirror for Admonition," work by Ortuinus Gratius, 425.

"Mirror of Morals," work by Solomon Alami, 154.

Mistress, Kabbalistic term, 19.

Mizrachi, Elias, chief rabbi of Constantinople, 402–404.

Mocenigo, Luis, doge, hostile to Jews, 600–601, 606.

Mocenigo, Pietro, doge, protects the Jews of Padua, 299.

Mocho, John, arouses Lisbon against the Marranos, 487.

Modena, duke of, invites Jews, 675.

Molcho, Solomon (Diogo Pires), Marrano, 529–530, 622.
and David Reubeni, 495–496, 504.
burnt, 510–511.
denounced, 503, 506–507.
in Italy, 501–507.
predicts the Messiah, 497.
saved by Clement VII, 507.

MÖlin, Jacob. See Jacob ben Moses MÖlin Halevi.

Moncado de, Abraham, official at Recife, 693.

Moncilla, Jews of, persecuted, 78.

Montpellier, Jews of, and free inquiry, 29–30, 31, 38–39, 41, 50.
compelled to wear a badge, 54.
expelled, 48.

Montano, Arias, publisher of a polyglot Bible, 651.

Montalto, Elias (Felix), physician, 653, 670, 673.

Montemar, marquis of, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 338.

Montiel, battle at, 126, 136.

Moravia, Jews of, persecuted, 98.

Mordecai ben Hillel, martyr, 36.

Morenu, ordination of rabbis, 134.

Morillo, Miguel, inquisitor, 312, 323.
censured, 318–319.
issues the Edict of Grace, 314–315.

Moro, Joseph (Philip), denounces the Talmud, 564.
proselytizer, 581.

Morocco, war with Castile, 84–85.
Jews in, 389–390.
Marranos emigrate to, 179.

Morteira, Saul Levi, rabbi at Amsterdam, 673, 681, 682, 685.

Moses ben Isaac (Gajo) da Rieti, neo-Hebraic poet, 230–231.

Moses ben Joshua Narboni. See Narboni.

Moses ben Nachman. See Nachmani.

Moses ben Shem Tob (Moses de Leon), Kabbalist, 3, 622.
author of the Zohar, 10–12.
forgery of, revealed, 20–21.

Moses, of Trent, tortured, 298.

Moses, rabbi of Trent, 298.

Moses, treasurer under Maria de Molina, 52.

Mostarabi, Egyptian Jews, 395.

Mucate, Jacob, official at Recife, 693.

Muley Abu-Abdallah (Boabdil), last king of Granada, 345.

Munich, Jews of, persecuted, 110.

MÜnster, Sebastian, disciple of Reuchlin, 434, 472.

Murad III, sultan, and Joseph Nassi, 627–628, 629.

Murviedro, Jews of, protected, 170.

Musaphia, Benjamin, physician to Christian IV, 692.

Mutafarrica, life-guard, 595.

Nachmani (Moses ben Nachman), 28, 71, 75, 208, 238, 242.
predicts the Messianic redemption, 120.
reputed discoverer of the Zohar, 20.

Nagid, chief of Egyptian Jews, 392.

Najara, Israel, Hebrew poet, 609.

Naples, Jewish printing house in, 289.
Jews of, banished, 543–544.
Jews settle in, 358–359.

Narboni, Moses ben Joshua (Maestro Vidal), philosopher, 87, 93–95, 342.

Nassi, Gracia. See Mendesia, Gracia.

Nassi, Gracia, the younger, 572, 577.

Nassi, Joseph (JoÃo Miques), duke of Naxos, 596–597, 611.
accused of treason, 598, 599.
aids Gracia Mendesia, 574.
as a statesman, 595–602.
at Antwerp, 572–573.
end of his power, 627.
favorite of sultans, 577, 593–595.
in Turkey. See Chapter XVII.
protects Marranos, 579–580.
receives Tiberias, 596–597, 611.

Nassi, Reyna, daughter of Gracia Mendesia, 572–573, 577.
patroness of Jewish learning, 628.

Nassi, Samuel, brother of Joseph, 577, 581.

Nassir Mahomet, Jews under, 73.

Nathan, Isaac. See Isaac ben Kalonymos.

Navarre, Jews of, persecuted, 77–78.
Jews settle in, 352.
Spanish exiles in, 357–358.

Navarro, Moses, rabbi of Portugal, 173.

Naxos, duke of. See Nassi, Joseph.

Nazarenes (Minim) imprecated in Jewish prayers, 83.

Negro, David, Almoxarif, 160, 162.
rabbi of Castile, 161.

Negroponte, Spanish exiles in, 406.

Neo-Hebrew poetry, 67, 608, 609.
in Spain and Italy, 230–231.

Netherlands, the, a refuge for the persecuted, 661–662.
Inquisition in, 662.
Portuguese Marranos in, 662, 675.
stadtholders of, favorable to Jews, 678.
See also Holland, and Amsterdam.

Neto, Bras, Portuguese ambassador at Rome, 500–501, 505–506.

"Neve Shalom", second synagogue at Amsterdam, 671.

New-Christians. See Marranos.

Nicholas V, pope, 275, 287.
appoints inquisitors, 256.
approves of Capistrano, 257–258.
denounced, 267–268.
issues anti-Jewish bulls, 253, 254.

Nicholas-Donin, alluded to, 213.

Nicopolis, exiles settle in, 405.

Niemerz, son of Casimir the Great, 112.

Nissim Gerundi ben Reuben, 144, 146, 149.
imprisoned, 150, 155.
preaches against Messianic speculations, 120.

Nizuz, Kabbalistic term, 620.

NÓfeth Zufim, work by Messer Leon, 289.

NÖrdlingen, Jews of, banished, 416.
murdered, 163.

Notaricon, Kabbalistic term, 5, 512.

Novak, Peter, bishop, and Capistrano, 260.

Novi, Jews settle in, 553–554.

Numeo, a character in Samuel Usque's "Consolation," 558.

NuÑes, Duarte, da Costa, Portuguese agent at Hamburg, 692.

Nunes, Henrique (Firme-FÉ) informs against Marranos, 489–491.

NuÑes, Maria, Marrano captured by the English, 664–665.

NuÑez, Alvar, officer of Alfonso XI, 79.

Nuremberg, diet at, promulgates the "Golden Bull," 128.

Nuremberg, Jews of, expelled, 415–416.
persecuted, 35–36, 110.

Nuremberg, synod at, 305.

Obadiah di Bertinoro, rabbi at Jerusalem, 279, 397–398, 399, 704.

OcaÑa, cortes of, discuss the Jewish question, 279.
Jews of, persecuted, 170.

"Of the Cross," bull, 526.

Ojeda, de, Alfonso, and the Spanish Inquisition, 310, 312, 317.

Olam ha-Tikkun, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Old Testament. See Bible, the.

Olesnicki, Zbigniev, cardinal, and the Jews, 265, 266.

Olligoyen, Pedro, instigates a persecution of the Jews, 77, 78.

OlmÜtz, Jews of, banished, 263.

"On the Errors of the Trinity," work by Servetus, 646–647.

Oporto, a port for Jewish exiles, 374.

Oppenheim, Jews of, commit suicide, 109.

Orabuena, Joseph, rabbi and physician in Navarre, 184.

Oran, Jews settle in, 197.
Spanish exiles flee to, 361.

OrdenaÇoens, Portuguese code, 338–339.

Ordination revived, 530–535.

Orleans, college of, dispersed, 48.

Osorio, David, founder of the third synagogue in Amsterdam, 680.

Osorius, bishop, quoted, 372.

Otto Henry, of Neuburg, protects the Jews, 545.

Ottolenghi, Joseph, Talmudist, 582.

Ouderkerk, burial place of the Amsterdam Jews, 672, 673.

Ouvidores, provincial rabbis or judges in Portugal, 159.

Pablo Christiani, alluded to, 208, 246.

Pacheco, marquis of Villana, and the Marranos of Segovia, 283.
arranges an anti-Jewish code, 278.

Padua, Jews of, 299, 408.
quarrel at the University of, 291.
Talmudic center, 410.

Palermo, Jews of, and Abraham Abulafia, 7.

Palestine, conquered, 393.
culture in, 75.
emigration to, 74, 273, 274.
French exiles settle in, 49, 72.
Karaites of, converted to Rabbinism, 72.
Spanish exiles settle in, 396–399.
under Egyptian rule, 73.
See also Jerusalem.

Pallache, Samuel, consul in the Netherlands, 663.

Palma, Jews of, accused, 246–247.
persecuted, 171.

Palma, Marranos take refuge in, 282, 283.
See also Majorca.

Paloma, Jewish martyr, 362.

Pamier, Jews of, protected, 176.

Pampeluna, Jews of, escape persecution, 78.
religious discussion at, 142.

Pantomime on the Reuchlin quarrel, 468–469.

Papal States, Jews of, expelled, 591–592, 659.
under restrictions, 566–567.

Parchi, Estori, describes the sufferings of the French Jews, 48–49, 72.

Pardes, work by Bedaresi, 43.

Pardo, David, rabbi at Amsterdam, 680, 682, 685.

Pardo, Joseph, rabbi at Amsterdam, 671, 680.

Pardo, Josiah, rabbi at Rotterdam, 685.

Paris, college of, dispersed, 48.
re-established, 133.

Paris, Jews of, persecuted, 51–152.
University of, against Reuchlin, 459–460.

Parsophin, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Paruta, religious reformer, 647.

Passau, Jews of, executed, 306.

Pascate, Jacob, messenger bearing the Black Death poison, 102.

Pastoureaux, Shepherds, massacre the Jews, 55–57.

Patras, Spanish exiles in, 406.

Paul III Farnese, pope, 592.
and the Portuguese Inquisition, 516, 518, 519, 521–522, 526–527.
protects Portuguese Marranos, 516–517, 520, 527.
well-disposed to Jews, 515.

Paul IV Caraffa, pope, and Marranos, 568, 582.
and the Jews, 566, 567, 581–582.
and the Talmud, 582–583.
ban against, 580.
death, 586, 587–588.
employs converts, 581, 584.
establishes the Inquisition at Rome, 525.
re-establishes church discipline, 562.
re-introduces censorship of press, 563.
sets free Turkish Jews, 577–578.

Paul Burgensis. See Levi, Solomon.

Paul de Santa Maria. See Levi, Solomon.

Pauw, Reinier, burgomaster of Amsterdam, 674.

Pavia, tolerance in, 288.
Jews of, expelled, 660.

Paz, de, Duarte, advocate of Portuguese Marranos at Rome, 512–513, 515, 519.

Peasant War, the, and the Jews, 542–543.

Pedro IV, of Aragon, imprisons Jews, 150.
petitioned by the Jews, 112–113.
revolt against, 102.

Pedro, the Cruel, of Castile, 113–126, 173.
and Blanche de Bourbon, 116, 122.
and Samuel Abulafia, 116, 118–121.
civil wars under, 118–119, 123–126.
counseled by Santob de Carrion, 115.
employs Jews, 115–116.
favors the Jews, 113–114, 116, 121–122.
supported by Jews, 123, 124, 125.

Pedro de Toledo, viceroy of Naples, 409–410.

Pelka, son of Casimir the Great, 112.

Penini, pseudonym of Yedaya En-Bonet Bedaresi, 42.

Pentateuch translated into Persian, 401. See also Bible, the.

Pernambuco, Jews settle in, 693.

Perpignan, center of enlightenment, 25, 33–34.

Pesaro, Marranos in, 501, 569–570, 578–582.

Pessach (Peter), convert, accuses the Jews, 177–178.

Pestilence, the, in Fez, 361.
in Naples, 359–360.
in Portugal, 368, 487.

Peter Martyr, quoted, 484.

Petit, Guillaume Haquinet, opponent of the Jews, 459.
patron of Hebrew studies, 473.

Peyret, supposed manufacturer of the Black Death poison, 102.

Pfefferkorn, Joseph, convert, 423–424, 425–432, 435–442.
at Frankfort, 428–430.
pamphlets by, 425, 427, 439.
preaches, 449.
visits Emperor Maximilian, 428.
See Chapter XIV.

Philip IV, le Bel, of France, 2, 44, 47, 50, 77, 176.
decrees the expulsion of the Jews, 46–49.

Philip V, of France, and the Jews, 54, 57, 58.
inspires a crusade, 55.

Philip VI, of France, alluded to, 77.

Philip III, of Navarre, and the Jews, 78.

Philip II, of Spain, 566, 651, 661, 663, 667, 668.
and the Turkish Jews, 607.
introduces the Inquisition into the Netherlands, 601.

Philip III, of Spain, and the Marranos, 670–671.

Philip IV, of Spain, creates a Jewish count palatine, 692.

Philo, alluded to, 614.

Phineas, rabbi of Breslau, 262.

Phylacteries, Kabbalistic use of, 5.

Picho, Solomon, rabbi, 278.

Pichon, Joseph, Almoxarif, 138, 156, 157.

Pico di Mirandola, 433, 583.
and the Kabbala, 291–292, 443.
taught by Del Medigo, 290–291.

Piedmont, French exiles in, 177.

Pieva di Sacco, Jewish printing house in, 289.

Pilgrims, Karaite prayers for, 73–74.

Pilpul, a method of Talmud study, 418.

Pimentel, Manuel (Isaac Abenacar), Marrano in Holland, 672.

Pina, de, Paul (Rohel Jesurun), 669–670.

Pinczovinians, anti-Trinitarians, 647.

Pinel, de, Duarte. See Usque, Abraham.

Pinheiro, Diogo, bishop, protects Marranos, 500.

Pinto, Abraham and David, found the Rotterdam community, 685.

Pinto, Diogo Rodrigues, Marrano advocate at Rome, 515, 516.

Pires, Diogo. See Molcho, Solomon.

Pirkheimer, Willibald, humanist, 416.

Pisa, council of, deposes Benedict XIII, 206–207.
commerce of, 285.

Pius IV, pope, and the Bohemian Jews, 586–587.
and the Jews, 588.

Pius V, pope, 653.
hostile to Jews, 589–590.

Plato, alluded to, 66, 232.

Polak, Jacob, and the Pilpul, 418.

Poland, a refuge for Jews, 263, 420, 631–632, 641–643.
election in, 603–605.
Jewish synods in, 643–645.

Poland, Jews of, culture of, 633–634.
enjoy peace, 418–421.

Poland, Reformation in, 646–648.

Pomis, de, David, physician, 653, 656–657.

Portaleone, di, Guglielmo, physician, 287.

Porteiro jurado, assistant of Ar-Rabbi Mor, 159.

Portugal, a refuge for Marranos, 318.
asylum for Jews, 173.
Jews leave, 369.

Portugal, Jews of, under Alfonso V, 338–339.
under Ferdinand, 158–159.

Portugal, Spanish exiles in, 365–369.

Posen, conflagration of, 263.
first Jewish community in Poland, 632.
Jews of, attacked, 642.

Prague, confiscation of Hebrew books in, 584–585.

Prague, Jews of, expelled, 585–587.
persecuted, 164–165, 178.
threatened with expulsion, 417–418.
See also Bohemia.

Prester John, alluded to, 368.

Printing houses, Jewish, 289, 414, 418, 474, 581, 628.

Privado, confidential counselor, 79, 116.

Procureur, collector of Jew taxes, 130, 132.

Profatius. See Jacob ben Machir Tibbon.

Profiat Duran, a Marrano scholar, 188–190, 191, 238.
commentaries, history, and grammar by, 190, 191.
his satire on converts, 188–195, 235.
quoted, 190.

Protestant hatred of Jews, 552.

Provence, a refuge for French exiles, 49.
and Spanish Marranos, 318.

Provence, Jews of, devotees of profane culture, 37.
persecuted, 102, 112.
protected, 177.
See also France, southern.

Prud'hommes, superintendents over the Jews of France, 54.

Pucci, Antonio, cardinal, and the Inquisition, 507, 514–515.

Pucci, Lorenzo, and Molcho, 503, 507.
and the Inquisition, 505.

Pulgar, Isaac, philosopher, 91.
satirizes Alfonso Burgensis, 82.

Purim, Cairo, 396.
celebration of, ridiculed, 185.
in Saragossa, 148.
Vincent, at Frankfort, 700.

Quemadero, place of burning, 314, 317.

Quinon, Denis, receiver general of Languedoc, 132.

Rabbanites, feud with Karaites, 403–404.
in Jerusalem, 74.
instruct Karaites, 269–271.

Rabbinism, and Talmudical Judaism, 89.
conversions to, 72.
criticised by Shemarya Ikriti, 69.

Radziwill, promoter of the Reformation in Poland, 646.

Rafan, David, discovers the spuriousness of the Zohar, 20.

Rahab, as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.

Raimuch, Astruc (Francisco God-flesh), conversionist, 182.

Rashi, 442, 476,
admired by Christian writers, 185.
college of, dispersed, 48.

Ratisbon, diet at, denounces Nicholas V, 267.
hostile to Jews, 258.

Ratisbon, Jews of, appeal to Ladislaus of Bohemia, 303.
escape the Rindfleish persecution, 36.
exposed to a mob, 110.
persecuted, 300–307.
protected, 99, 305–306.
threatened, 254, 463–464.
under restrictions, 416–417.

Ravenna asks for Jews, 286.

Ravensburg, Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 227.

Raymond de Penyaforte, Dominican general, 77, 208, 245.

Receswinth, decrees of, 326.

Receveur-general, collector of Jew taxes, 130, 132, 150.

Recife, Jews of, 693.

Reformation, the, 467–470.
and Judaism, 471–476.
and the Jews, 470.
effects, 540–541.
in Poland and Lithuania, 646–648.

Reggio, Jewish printing house in, 289.

Reis, chief of Egyptian Jews, 392.

Remonstrants, religious sect hostile to Jews, 673–674.

Rendeiros, tax-farmers, 339.

Reubeni, David, and Charles V, 509–511.
and Molcho, 495–496, 504.
at Avignon, 499.
at Rome, 492–493.
at Venice, 504.
his mission, 491–492.
in Portugal, 493–500.

Reuchlin, John, humanist, 431–432.
and the Kabbala, 481, 466–467, 583.
appeals to Leo X, 453–454.
appointed to examine into Hebrew books, 441–443.
at Speyer, 454, 455.
Hebrew scholar, 433–434, 471.
his anti-Jewish prejudices, 435.
honors bestowed on, 435, 436.
quoted, 447–448.
refutes Dominican charges, 446–447.
trial at Mayence, 450, 452.
See Chapter XIV.

Reuchlinists, defenders of the Jews, 456, 457.

Rheims, Hebrew studies at, 474.

Rheingau, the, Jews of, expelled, 543.

Rhine, the, island in, scene of a persecution, 107.
Jewish communities on, massacred, 225.

Rhineland, the, Jews of, persecuted, 97, 107.

Ribash. See Isaac ben Sheshet Barfat.

Riccio, Paul, convert, 466.

Rieti, da, Gajo. See Moses ben Isaac da Rieti.

Rindfleisch, persecutor of the Jews, 35–36.

Robert of Anjou, king of Naples, and Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, 61, 63.
and Shemarya Ikriti, 69, 70.
patron of learning, 59.
taught by Leo Romano, 68.

RoÏm, shepherds, 55–57.

Romano, Leone. See Jehuda ben Moses ben Daniel.

Romano, Solomon (John Baptista), denounces the Talmud, 564.

Rome, the oldest European Jewish community, 61.
exiles at, 363, 408.
inundated, 505.

Rome, Jews of, culture of, 58–60.
threatened, 61.
See also Italy.

Romi. See Immanuel ben Solomon Romi.

Rosales, Immanuel, author, 692.

Rossi, deÏ, Azarya ben Moses, critic, 613–615.
opposition to, 616–617.

Rouelle, French Jew-badge, 131.

Roussillon, French exiles in, 49.
Jews of, devoted to science, 25.

Rotterdam, Jews settle in, 685.

RÖttingen, Jews of, persecuted, 35.

Rubianus, Crotus (Johann JÄger), author of the "Letters of Obscurantists," 456, 461.

Rudolph II, emperor, and the Jews, 652.

Ruez, Juan, Spanish inquisitor, 312.

Saatz, imperial army at, 226.

Saba, Abraham, Kabbalist, 381.

Sabbation, a mythical river, 4.

Sadolet, bishop, quoted, 515.

Safet, Kabbalistic center, 74, 399, 405, 622–623.
ordination revived in, 531–532.
Spanish exiles in, 399.

Safi, Jews in, 389.

Sancta Anastasia, de, cardinal, favorable to Marranos, 379.

St. Bartholomew, massacre, 604.

St. Gall, Jews of, persecuted, 105.

Salamanca, Jews of, baptized, 205.

Salonica, Kabbalistic center, 405.
Spanish exiles in, 404–405.

Salzring, place of execution in Breslau, 262.

Samael, Kabbalistic term, 17.

Sambation, a mythical river, 4.

Samiel, Kabbalistic term, 17.

Samson ben MeÏr, partisan of Abba-Mari, 38.

Samson of Sens denounces the Karaites, 72.

Samuel, Kabbalist, 6.

Samuel, prophet, pilgrimages to grave of, 398.

Samuel, treasurer under Ferdinand IV, of Castile, 51.

San Benito, a garment, 317, 327.

San Martin, de, Juan, Spanish inquisitor, 312, 318–319, 323.

San Thomas, islands of, Jewish children at the, 371.

Sanchez, Juan Perez, opposes the Inquisition, 329.

Sancho IV, of Castile, employs Todros Abulafia, 2.

Sangisa, sister of Pope John XXII, hostile to Jews, 61.

Santa Cruz, de, Gaspard, conspirator against Arbues, 331–332.

Santa FÉ, de, Francisco, conspirator against Arbues, 331.

Santillano, de, Diego and Francisco, plead for the Inquisition, 311.

Santob (Shem Tob) de Carrion, troubadour, 87, 114–115.

Saporta, Enoch, influences Karaites to Rabbinism, 270.

Saragossa, celebration of Purim in, 148.
conversions in, 206, 214.
Inquisition at, 326, 329.
rising against the Marranos of, 330.

Saragossi, Joseph, Kabbalist, 393.

Sariel, Kabbalistic term, 17.

SarrÃo ThomÉ, Marrano leader, 516.

Saruk, Israel, Kabbalist, 625.

Savoy, duke of, invites Jews, 675.
expelled, 294.

Savoy, Jews of, persecuted, 104, 218.
privileges, of, confirmed, 219.

Scaliger, Joseph, humanist, 685.

Schaffhausen, Jews of, persecuted, 105.

Schutz-juden, protected Jews, 688.

Schwarz, Peter, convert, maligns the Jews, 302, 442.

Schweidnitz, Jewish community of Silesia, 260, 261.

Scotus, Duns, alluded to, 277.

"Scourge of the Jews," sobriquet of John of Capistrano, 260.

Scriptures, the Holy. See Bible, the.

Scrutinium Scriptuarum (Searching the Scriptures), work by Solomon Levi, 233.

Sebastian, of Portugal, in Africa, 381.

Sechel ha-Poel, in the Kabbala, 4.

"Sefer Yochasin," chronicle, 391.

Sefiroth, Kabbalistic term, 6, 13, 14, 17, 22, 619, 626.

Segovia, Jews of, baptized, 205.
prepare for exile, 352.
Marranos of, massacred, 283.
synagogue of, turned into a church, 196.

Seleucidan chronology, 394–395.

Selim I, sultan, and the Jews, 393–394, 400, 401, 402.

Selim II, sultan, and Joseph Nassi, 594–595.
Jews under, 602.

Selve, de, George, disciple of Elias Levita, 472, 474.

Semichah, ordination, 530.

Sen Escalita. See Sulami.

Senensis, Sixtus, proselytizer, 581.
and the Talmud, 582.
rescues the Zohar, 584.

Senior, Abraham. See Benveniste, Abraham.

Sens, college of, dispersed, 48.

Separation, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Sephardic Jews. See Jews of Spain, Africa, Italy, and the East.

Septuagint, not authoritative, 237.

Sepulveda, Jews of, persecuted, 278, 279.

Serachya ben Shaltiel, promoter of culture among Italian Jews, 59.

Serkes, Joel, Talmudist, 703.

Servetus, Michael, anti-Trinitarian, 541, 646.

"Servi camerÆ," coveted by petty rulers, 128.
Jews of France claimed as, 47.
protected by Charles of Luxemburg, 106.
under Louis the Bavarian, 96.

Setubal, a port for Jewish exiles, 374.

Seville, Inquisition organized in, 312–314.

Seville, Jews of, cause the Spanish persecutions, 155, 157–158.
persecuted, 167–169.

Seville, Marrano victims of the Inquisition in, 317.
Marranos of, attacked, 282–283.

Seville, mayor of, opposed to the Inquisition, 313.
synagogues of, turned into churches, 169.

Seven Planets, Tables of the, by Zacuto, 367.

Sezira, John, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 338, 340.

Sforno, Obadiah (Servadeus), physician, 411.
Reuchlin's teacher, 434, 473.

Sforza, Galeazzo, and Jews, 287, 296–297.

Shachna, Shalom, Talmudist, 634, 639.

Shalal, Isaac Cohen, Nagid, 392, 398.

Shalom, of Austria, compiles Jewish customs, 134.

Shaprut, Shem-Tob ben Isaac, controversialist, 142–143, 144.

Shaltiel, Jewish advocate in Turkey, 494.

"Shebet Jehuda," a history by the Ibn-Vergas, 557–558.

Shemarya Ikriti, and the Karaites, 69–70, 71.

"Shield and Sword," controversial work, 237.

Shulam, Samuel, historian, 608.

"Shulchan Aruch," code of Joseph Karo, 539, 612–613.

Sibili, Astruc, denounces the Jews of Palma, 246–247.

Siciliano, Judah, poet, 60, 68.

Sicily, opposition to the Inquisition in, 319–320.

Siddur Tefila, Karaite prayer-book, 71.

Sidillo (Sid), Samuel, scholar, 392.

Sigismund, emperor, 216, 218, 227.
and the Jews, 219, 248.
appoints rabbis, 227.
in the Hussite war, 225.

Sigismund III, of Poland, friendly to Jews, 643.

Sigismund Augustus, of Poland and Joseph Nassi, 602.
and the Reformation, 646.
protects Jewish trade, 633.

Silesia, Jews of, persecuted, 260–263.

Silva, de, Diogo, inquisitor-general of Portugal, 508, 513.

Silva, de, Miguel, opposes David Reubeni, 498–499.

Simon bar YochaÏ, pretended author of the Zohar, 12–14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 618, 623.

Simon ben Zemach Duran, rabbi of Algiers, 199–200.
at Palma, 247.
controversial writer, 238.

Simon Duran II, rabbi of Algiers, aids Spanish exiles, 390, 391.

Simon of Trent, a supposed victim of the Jews, 298–299, 414.

Simoneta, cardinal, opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 520.

Sixtus IV, pope, 340.
and Simon of Trent, 299.
and the Inquisition in Aragon, 319.
and the Spanish Inquisition, 311, 312, 318–119, 322–323.
friendly to Marranos, 320.
opposes Jewish church officers, 321.
votary of the Kabbala, 292, 443.

Sixtus V, permits the printing of the Talmud, 658.
removes Jewish restrictions, 655–659.

Soares, JoÃo, inquisitor, 521.

Socinians, anti-Trinitarians, 647.

Socinus, religious reformer, 647.

Sokolli, Mahomet, vizir of Selim II, and Joseph Nassi, 596, 599, 611, 627–628.
employs a Jewish negotiator, 602.
partisan of Venice, 600.

Solis, de, Pedro, member of the Inquisition commission, 312.

Solomon, king, as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.
quoted, 33.

Solomon, son of Manessier de Vesoul, 150.

Solomon ben Abraham ben Adret, rabbi of Barcelona, 7, 26, 49, 51, 74, 75, 91, 147.
attacked by Bedaresi, 42–44.
partisan of the obscurantists, 28–30, 33, 34, 39, 42, 50.
pronounces a ban against the Montpellier freethinkers, 38.
signs ban against science, 40.

Solomon ben Jacob, translator of Maimuni, 60.

Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed attacks Christian dogmas, 182.
neo-Hebraic poet, 230.

Solomon Duran, rabbi of Algiers, controversial writer, 238, 390.

Solomon of Montpellier, proscriber of Maimuni, 27.

Solyman I, sultan, and Joseph Nassi, 594.
conspired against, 395.
favorable to Jews, 400, 402, 404.
intercedes for Turkish Jews in Ancona, 578.
protects Gracia Mendesia, 574–575.

Soncino, Jewish printing house in, 289.

Soncino, Gershon, printer, 586.

Soranzo, Jacopo, Venetian agent in Constantinople, 606.

Soria, cortes of, deprive the Jews of criminal jurisdiction, 157.

Spain, exiles from, 357–364, 389–392.
first auto-da-fÉ in, 317.
Inquisition established in, 312.
See Inquisition.

Spain, Jews of, banished, 81, 347–348.
controversial literature of, 231–238.
culture of, 37, 75, 387–389.
degeneracy of, 60, 86, 87, 91, 143–144, 153–155, 228.
employed by Ferdinand and Isabella, 336.
enjoy peace, 274–276.
humbled by the civil war, 126.
in Africa, 197.
influenced by Asheri, 51.
invited to adopt the ban against science, 40.
persecuted in 1391, 166–173.
plan to emigrate, 283.
prepare for exile, 349–352.
send an embassy to Martin V, 219.
supposed to have caused the Black Death, 101.
wealth of, 383.

Spain misses the Jews, 353–354.
See also Castile, Aragon, etc.

Spain, northern, Jews of, persecuted, 53.
threatened, 103.

Spain, southern, Jews of, enjoy peace, 53.

Spanish language cultivated by the exiles, 387–388.

Speyer, decisions of, 135.
Jews of, persecuted, 107–108.

Spina, de, Alfonso, preacher, hostile to Jews, 276–277.

Spinoza, Baruch, alluded to, 93, 682.

Sprinz, David, partisan of Israel Bruna, 302.

Stein, inhabitants of, attack the Jews of Krems, 110.

Strasburg, authorities of, defend the Jews, 105–108.
Jews of, imprisoned, 108.

"Strengthening of the Faith, The," by Isaac Troki, 648–649.

Sturm, Gosse, defends the Jews, 106, 108.

Suabia, Jews of, banished, 307, 413.
persecuted, 97, 110, 163.

Sulami, Samuel, patron of Levi of Villefranche, 25–26, 29.

Sulchat, Karaite stronghold, 71.

Suson, de, Diego, victim of the Spanish Inquisition, 317.

Swaber, Peter, defends the Jews, 106, 108.

Swedes, the, and Jews, 707.

Switzerland, Jews of, persecuted, 104.

Synhedrion, Maimuni's teachings on, 530.
value of a, 532.

Synods of the Four Countries, 643–645.

Syria conquered by Selim I, 393.

Tab Yomi. See Lipmann of MÜhlhausen.

"Table-cloth," work by Moses Isserles, 637.

Talith, Kabbalistic use of, 5.

Talmud, the, and the Kabbala, 19.
burnt, 50, 55, 582–583.
confiscated, 565–566.
declared hostile to Christianity, 444–445.
defended, 234, 238, 442–443, 657.
denounced, 213, 425–426, 439, 549–550, 563–564.
interdicted by popes, 215–216, 251, 565–566, 659.
permitted by Sixtus V, 658.
permitted to appear under another name, 589.
printed, 468, 589.
threatened, 141, 427–428.
used by controversialists, 142.

Talmud, study of the, by Karaites, 269.
by Portuguese Marranos, 485.
in France, 133.
in Germany, 96, 134, 227.
in Jerusalem, 74.
in Padua, 410.
in Poland, 420, 634–641.
in Prague, 418.
in Safet, 399.
in Spain, 86, 144, 229–230.
neglected, 653.
spread by Asheri, 87, 88.

Talmud Torah, Hebrew institute in Amsterdam, 681–682.

Talmud Torah, Jewish synagogue at Hamburg, 689.

Tam, college of, dispersed, 48.

Tam, Jacob, alluded to, 609.

Tamar as a character in Immanuel Romi's work, 67.

Tamarica, Jews of, 693.

Tamarite, Jews of, converted, 214.

Tangier taken by Alfonso V, 286.

Targum, the, not authoritative, 237.

Tavs (Tus), Jacob, translator of the Pentateuch into Persian, 401.

Taytasak, Jacob, scholar, 496.

Taytasak, Joseph, Kabbalist and Talmudist, 405, 506.

Tekanoth Shum, decisions of Speyer, Worms and Mayence, 135.

Ten tribes, supposed home of, 4.

Teneo, Jews settle in, 197.

Teruel opposes the Inquisition, 328.

Terza rima introduced into Hebrew poetry, 65.

Testaments, Old and New, contrasted, 540–541. See also Bible, the.

Teutonic knights defeat Casimir IV, 266.

Texeira, Diego, de Mattos, prominent in Hamburg, 690–691.

Thebes, Spanish exiles in, 406.

Themudo, George, spies upon the Portuguese Marranos, 489.

"Theorica," work by Frohbach, 638.

Thirty Years' War, the, and the Jews, 701–702, 707.

Thuringia, Jews of, slaughtered, 109, 225.

Tibbon. See Jacob ben Machir, and Judah ben Moses.

Tibbonides, party opposed to Abba-Mari, 32–33, 50.
defend Maimuni, 41, 42.
issue a ban, 40–41.

Tiberias given to Joseph Nassi, 596, 610–611.

Tiberinus, Matthias, and Simon of Trent, 298.

Tilly, general, alluded to, 701.

Tirado, Jacob, and Marrano fugitives, 664–665, 666, 667.

TlemÇen, Jews in, 390.
Jews settle in, 197.

Tob-Elem, Joseph, author of a commentary, 144.

Tobias, a physician of Trent, 297.

Todros, of Beaucaire, ally of Abba-Mari, 31.

Tokat, Jews of, charged with murder, 553.
Spanish exiles in, 405.

Toledo, autos-da-fÉ at, 332.
Black Death in, 113.
Inquisition at, 325.

Toledo, Jews of, Arabic scholars, 60.
faithful to Pedro the Cruel, 124.
persecuted, 118, 169.
suffer during the civil war, 126, 136–137.
uncultured, 140, 142.

Toledo, Kabbalistic center, 1.
rabbis of, asked to betray Marranos, 335–336.
supposed center of poisoners, 101, 102.
synagogue at, 119–120, 354.

Tongern, Arnold of, theologian, 424, 450.

Toro, fortress in Castile, 118.
cortes of, hostile to Jews, 138–139.
Jews of, baptized, 205.

Torquemada, de, Thomas, inquisitor-general of Spain, 324, 336, 343, 346, 353, 355.
appointed inquisitor, 319.
expels Jewish bishops, 333.
fears of, 356.
forbids Christians to help exiled Jews, 350.
influences Isabella of Castile, 310.
institutes Inquisition tribunals, 325.
publishes an Inquisition code, 326–328.
quoted, 348.
separates Jews and Marranos, 335–336.

Tostosa, Jews of, converted, 206.
religious disputation at, 207–216.

Tossafists, Talmud commentators, 133.

Tossafoth Yom-Tob, work by Lipmann Heller, 704.

"Touchstone," satire by Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, 62–63.

Toulouse, Jews of, converted, 48, 56.
massacred by the Shepherds, 56.
protected, 176.

Transformation, Kabbalistic term, 619.

Transmigration of souls by Lurya, 619–622.

Trani, di, Moses, rabbi at Safet, 540, 580.

"Treatises of the Righteous Brethren," an Arabic cyclopedia, 62.

"Tree of Life, The," Karaite philosophic work, 95.

Trent, council of, and the Talmud, 589.
Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 297–299.

Tria, Spanish exiles in, 405.

"Trial of the World," poem by Yedaya Bedaresi, 49.

Triana, the Inquisition in, 314.

Triest, Isaac, Jewish advocate at the imperial court, 436–437.

Tripoli, Jews in, 389.

Troki, Isaac ben Abraham, controversialist, 648–649.

Troki, Karaites of, well treated by Casimir IV, 265.

Troyes, college of, dispersed, 48.

Tsiruf, Kabbalistic term, 5.

Tudela, Jews of, baptized, 358.
persecuted, 78.

Tudela refuses to give up Marranos, 357.

Tunis, Marranos emigrate to, 179.

Turim (Tur), code of Jacob ben Asheri, 88–90.

Turkey, a refuge for Jews, 271–273.
Jews in, 529.

Turkey, Jews of, commerce, 579.
culture, 607–610.
judicial autonomy, 330.
prosperity, 400–402, 593, 607.
spiritual condition, 627.

Turkey, Jews settle in, 352, 544.
Spanish exiles in, 364, 400–405.

Tuscany, Jews of, protected, 297.
Jews received in, 659.

Tyrol, the, Jews of, persecuted, 297–299.

Ueberlingen, Jews of, charged with the blood-accusation, 227.
persecuted, 105.

Ulm, conference at, 166.
Jews of, banished, 416.

Unitarians, 541–542, 647–648.

Universities, and the Reuchlin-Pfefferkorn case, 459–460.
and the confiscation of Hebrew books, 437, 441, 444–445.

Uranso, de, Vidal, assassin of Arbues, 330.

Urban V, pope, quoted, 126.

Usque, Abraham, and Gracia Mendesia, 576.
press of, closed, 581.
translates the Bible, 475.

Usque, Samuel, historian, work of, 558–561.
quoted, 324–325, 380, 405, 409, 522, 575–576.

Usque, Solomon (Duarte Gomez), poet, 558.

Usury countenanced in Italy, 286.
encouraged by Alfonso XI, 80.
in France, 174.
legislated against in Castile, 139.

Uziel, Isaac, rabbi at Amsterdam, 672, 680, 682, 683, 689.

Vaad Arba Arazoth, Synods of the Four Countries, 643–645.

Valavigny, tortured on the charge of poisoning, 104.

"Vale of Weeping," by Joseph Cohen, 590, 608.

Valencia, count of, arranges an anti-Jewish code, 278.

Valencia, Jews of, accused of child-murder, 344.
converted, 171, 205, 206.
invested with criminal jurisdiction, 155.
persecuted, 170–171.

Valencia, revolts against the Inquisition, 328.

Valladolid, cortes of, petition against Jews, 116.
against usurers, 80.

Valladolid, Jews of, baptized, 205.
dispute with Alfonso Burgensis, 83.
plundered, 125.

Valladolid, Marranos attacked in, 280.

Vayol, Hans, convert, maligns Israel Bruna, 302, 303.

Vaz, Diego, assassin of Henrique Nunes, 490.

Vecinho, Joseph, physician to JoÃo II, of Portugal, 367.

Vega, Judah, rabbi at Amsterdam, 680.

Velasquez de Tordesillas, bishop, arrests Jews, 195.

Venaissin, Jews of, expelled, 592.
protected, 177.

Venice, and Jewish emigrants, 274.
and Joseph Nassi, 599–601.
and Solomon Ashkenazi, 605–607.
commerce of, 285.
Jews of, in the Ghetto, 408.
protects the Jews, 297, 299.

Verdun, refuge for Jews, 56.

Viana, Jews of, persecuted, 78.

Vidal (Maestro). See Narboni.

Vidal ben Benveniste Ibn-Labi. See Ibn-Labi, Vidal ben Benveniste.

Vidal Menachem ben Solomon MeÏri, rabbi, 26–27.

Vieira, Antonio, quoted, 683.