  | CHAPTER I. | page | | JOHN HYRCANUS. | | The Crowning Point of the Period?—?War with Antiochus Sidetes?—?Siege of Jerusalem?—?Treaty of Peace?—?The Parthian War?—?Hyrcanus joins Antiochus?—?Successful campaigns of Hyrcanus against the Samaritans and IdumÆans?—?The IdumÆans forced to embrace Judaism?—?Destruction of the Samaritan Temple at Gerizim and of the Capital, Samaria?—?Internal Affairs?—?The Parties: Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenes?—?Their Rise and Constitution?—?Their Doctrines and their Relations to one another?—?The Synhedrion?—?Strained Relations between Hyrcanus and the Pharisees?—?Death of Hyrcanus | 1 | | 135–106 B.C.E. | | CHAPTER II. | | HYRCANUS'S SUCCESSORS, ARISTOBULUS I, ALEXANDER JANNÆUS, AND SALOME ALEXANDRA. | | Character of Aristobulus?—?Antigonus?—?Mythical Account of his Death?—?Alexander JannÆus: his Character and Enterprises?—?His Support of the Pharisees?—?Simon ben Shetach?—?Alexander's Breach with the Pharisees, and its Consequences?—?His last Wars and Death?—?Salome Alexandra's Relations to the Opposing Parties?—?The Synhedrion?—?Judah ben Tabbai and Simon ben Shetach?—?Institutions against the Sadducees?—?Party Hatred?—?Diogenes?—?Persecution of the Sadducees?—?Death of Alexandra | 35 | | 106–69 B.C.E. | | CHAPTER III. | | HYRCANUS II. ARISTOBULUS II. | | Brothers contend for the throne?—?Arrangement between the Brothers?—?The IdumÆan Antipater?—?Hyrcanus's weakness?—?Aretas besieges Jerusalem?—?Interference of Rome?—?Pompey at Jerusalem?—?The JudÆan colony in Rome?—?Flaccus in Asia Minor?—?Cicero's oration against the JudÆans?—?Weakening of the power of the Synhedrion?—?Shemaya and Abtalion?—?Violent death of Aristobulus and his son Alexander?—?Julius CÆsar and the JudÆans?—?Antipater's sons Phasael and Herod?—?Herod before the Synhedrion?—?Operations of Cassius in JudÆa?—?Malich?—?Antigonus as King?—?Herod escapes to Rome | 57 | | 69–40 B.C.E. | | CHAPTER IV. | | ANTIGONUS AND HEROD. | | Weakness of Antigonus and Herod's Strength of Character?—?Contest for the Throne?—?Herod becomes King?—?Proscriptions and Confiscations?—?Herod's Policy?—?Abolition of the Hereditary Tenure of the High Priesthood?—?Death of the High Priest Aristobulus?—?War with the Arabians?—?The Earthquake?—?Death of the last of the HasmonÆans?—?Hillel becomes the Head of the Synhedrion?—?His System of Tradition?—?Menahem the Essene?—?Shammai and his School?—?Mariamne?—?Herod's Magnificence and Passion for Building?—?Herod rebuilds the Temple?—?Herod executes his Sons Alexander and Aristobulus?—?Antipater and his Intrigues?—?The Pharisees under Herod?—?The Destruction of the Roman Eagle?—?Execution of Antipater and Death of Herod | 84 | | 40–3 B.C.E. | | CHAPTER V. | | THE HERODIANS. | | The Family of Herod?—?Partition of the Kingdom of JudÆa?—?Revolt against Archelaus?—?Sabinus and Varus?—?The Adventurer-Chief Judas the GalilÆan?—?Confirmation of Herod's Will?—?Archelaus as Ruler?—?His brief Reign and his Banishment?—?JudÆa becomes a Roman Province?—?The Revolt against the Census?—?The Schools of Hillel and Shammai?—?Judas Founder of the Party of Zealots?—?Onerous Taxation?—?Fresh Hostility of the Samaritans?—?Expulsion of the JudÆans from Rome by Tiberius?—?Pontius Pilate | 118 | | 3 B.C.E.–37 C.E. | | CHAPTER VI. | | MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS AND ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITY. | | The Messianic Hope?—?Various Conceptions of the Expected Messiah?—?The Essene Idea of the Kingdom of Heaven?—?John the Baptist, his Work and Imprisonment?—?Jesus of Nazareth continues John's Labors?—?Story of his Birth?—?His Success?—?His Relations to Judaism and the Sects?—?His Miraculous Healing of the Sick and Exorcism of Demons?—?His Secret Appearance as the Messiah?—?His Journey to JudÆa?—?Accusations against him, and his Condemnation?—?The First Christian Community and its Chiefs?—?The Ebionites?—?Removal of Pilate from JudÆa?—?Vitellius, Governor of Syria, favors the JudÆans | 141 | | 28–37 C.E. | | CHAPTER VII. | | AGRIPPA I. HEROD II. | | Character of Agrippa?—?Envy of the Alexandrian Greeks towards the JudÆans?—?Anti-JudÆan Literature?—?Apion?—?Measures against the JudÆans in Alexandria?—?Flaccus?—?JudÆan Embassy to Rome?—?Philo?—?Caligula's Decision against the JudÆan Embassy?—?Caligula orders his Statue to be placed in the Temple?—?The Death of Caligula relieves the JudÆans?—?Agrippa's Advance under Claudius?—?His Reign?—?Gamaliel the Elder and his Administration?—?Death of Agrippa?—?Herod II—The False Messiah, Theudas?—?Death of Herod II | 174 | | 37–49 C.E. | | CHAPTER VIII. | | SPREAD OF THE JUDÆAN RACE, AND OF JUDAISM. | | Distribution of the JudÆans in the Roman Empire and in Parthia?—?Relations of the various JudÆan Colonies to the Synhedrion?—?Jud&#
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