Heinrich Graetz

Aaron, 12.
called to join Moses, 15.

Aaronides, See Priests.

Abdon, the judge, 66.

Abiathar, advises Adonijah, 152.
deposed, 168.
high priest in Jerusalem, 120.
priest of Nob, flees to David, 100.
sides with David against Absalom, 141.

Abigail, wife of David, 134.

Abijah, son of Samuel, 79–80, 107.

Abijam, son of Rehoboam, 189.

Abimelech, son of Gideon, 63.

Abir == Apis, 11.

Abishai, brother of Joab, 126.
defeats the AramÆans and IdumÆans, 128.

Abner, Saul's cousin and general, 84–111.
defeats the Philistines, 108.
founder of the kingdom of the ten tribes, 108 f.
murdered by Joab and Abishai, 111.
negotiates secretly with David, 110.

Abraham and his descendants, 4–6.

Absalom, avenging Tamar, kills Amnon, his half-brother, 134.
defeated and killed by Joab, 144.
intrigues against David, 136.
rebellion of, 138.

Achish, the Philistine, and David, 100.

Achitub, grandson of Eli, at Nob, 79.

Acra, fortress of, 433, 470, 477, 495, 496 and 498.
Hellenists expelled from, 523.
in the hands of Simon and called Birah, 524.

Adarsa, battle of, 485.

Adonai Zebaoth == Lord of hosts, 130.

Adonijah, acknowledges Solomon, 154.
declared king by his friends, 151.
fourth son of David, 135.
killed by Solomon through Benaiah, 160.

Adoniram, chief superintendent of Solomon, 163, 172.
killed by the Shechemites, 182.

Agag, the Amalekite, defeated by Saul, 91.
killed by Samuel at Gilgal, 93.

Ahab, Omri's son and successor, marries Jezebel, 194.
and Elijah, 202 ff.
character of, 196.
death of, 206.
takes Naboth's vineyard, 202.
war with Benhadad II., 205.

Ahaz, king of Judah, 257.
calls Tiglath-Pileser to assist him, 258.

Ahaziah, Ahab's son, king of Israel, 206–7.
Jehoram's son, king of Judah, killed by Jehu's followers, 211.

Ahijah, of Shiloh, the prophet, 175.
rebukes Jeroboam for his idolatry, 187 f.

Ahikam, son of Shaphan, 303.

Ahishar, major-domo of Solomon, 172.

Ahithophel, David's adviser, 122.
grandfather of Bathsheba, 133.
hangs himself, 143.
intrigues against David, 138.

Ai, Israelites defeated at, 33.
taken by the Israelites, 33 f.

Akko, 3.

Alcimus == Jakim, the high priest, 482–508.
returns to Jerusalem, 487.

Alexander Balas, king of Syria, 494–6.
the Great, and the JudÆans, 412–15.
's successors, struggles between, 416.

Alexandria, importance of, 504.
and the JudÆans, 418, 503.

Alexandrian JudÆans influence those in Jerusalem, 427.

Allegorical poems of Solomon, 158.
poetry long before Solomon, 159.

Allotment of land to the tribes, 36 f.

Almsgiving among the JudÆans, 393.

Alphabet, Assyrian characters of the Hebrew, 395 f.
Phoenician, 3.

Amalekites defeated by Saul, by David, 91; 107.

Amasa, Absalom's general, 143, 146.
appointed as general by David, 148.
killed by Joab, 149.

Amasis, king of Egypt, 327.

Amaziah, the high priest at Bethel, 233, 236.

Amaziah, king of Judah, 222.
defeated and captured by Jehoash, 224.
killed by conspirators, 226.
reconquers Edom, 223.

Ammon, 9.

Ammonites, after the exile, 362, 474 ff.
defeated by Jephthah, 65.
defeated by Joab, David's general, 127.
defeated by Saul, 90.
influencing the worship of the Israelites, 55.
press Israel in the days of Samuel, 80.

Amnon, seducing Tamar, is killed by Absalom, 134.

Amon, king of Judah, 285.

Amorites, 3.

Amos of Tekoa, the prophet, 235.

Amos, iv. 13; vi. 4–6; vii. 2, 5; 49, 234, 237.

Anahita == Anaitis, Persian name of Aphrodite, 408.

Anakim, aborigines of Canaan, 2.

Anarchy in Israel after Pekah's death, 263.

Anavim == "the gentle," an order, formed by Isaiah, 254, 267.
in the exile, 337.
under Manasseh, 283, 286.

Andromachus, governor of Coelesyria, 414.

Angelology, 403.

Animal worship among the Egyptians, 9.

Anointing David as future king, 96.
Jehu as king of Israel, 210.
Joash as king of Judah, 216.
Saul as king, 83.
Solomon as future king, 153.

Antigonus and Ptolemy, 417.

Antioch founded by Seleucus, 419.

Antiochus the Great, and Egypt, 425–34.
defeated by the Romans, 434.
reconquers JudÆa, 433.

Antiochus Epiphanes, 442–77.
at Jerusalem, 451.
attacks Egypt, 450, 452.
death of, 477.
persecutes the JudÆans, 453, 463.

Antiochus V., Eupator, 477–82.

Antiochus VI., son of Alexander Balas, 497.

Antiochus Sidetes, brother of Demetrius II., 525.
quarrels with Simon, 528.

Apelles, the Syrian, killed by Mattathias, 459.

Aphek, battle near, 70.

Apis, the black bull, called Abir, 9.

Apollonius, killed by Judas MaccabÆus, 462.
opposed by Jonathan, 496.
persecutes the JudÆans, 453–4.

Apries (Hophra), king of Egypt, defeated by Nebuchadnezzar, 313.
killed by Amasis, 327.
receives the JudÆan fugitives, 324.

Araboth == meadows, 42, 45.

Aradus, 3.

AramÆa. See Damascus.

AramÆans, defeated by Joab, 126 f.

Araunah (Ornah), the Jebusite, 138.

Aretas, the NabatÆan, 447, 481.

Ark of the Covenant, 23.
at Shiloh, 41.
brought to Mount Zion by David, 119 f.
brought to the temple on Mount Moriah by Solomon, 166.
captured by the Philistines, 70.
in Philistia and Kirjath-Jearim, 71–2.

Army, organisation under David, 122.
standing, under the kings, 91.

Artaxerxes (Longimanus), 366.

Artaxerxes II., and III., JudÆans under, 407.

Asa, Abijam's brother, king of Judah, 189.
defeats Zerah, the Egyptian, 190.
stops the Astarte-worship, 190.

Asaph, the singer, at Jerusalem, 120 f.

Ashdod, the Ark of Covenant at, 71–2.

Asher, and Naphtali, settlement of, 37.
20 towns of, sold to Hiram of Tyre, 164.

Ashmodai, 403.

Ashmun, a Phoenician god, 54.

Assembly, the Great, 381.

AssidÆans (see Chasidim), 436.

Assyria, decadence and destruction of, 287, 296, 303.
encountering Egypt, 263.
Hezekiah conspires against, 269.

Assyrian, characters of the Hebrew alphabet, 395.
help sought by Ahaz, 258.
idolatry in Israel and in Judah, 247; 260, 269, 282.
influence over Judah, 260.

Assyrians, and Babylonians, 246.
defeat Phraortes; defeated by Cyaxares, 287.
invade Samaria, 246.

Astarte worshipped by the Israelites, 77, 175, 282.
by Maachah, mother of Rehoboam, 188.
by Omri, Ahab and Jezebel, 195 ff.
by the Phoenicians, 54.
by priests in Israel, 197.
not by Judah and Simeon, 77.
worship of, abolished by Jehu, 211 ff.
worship of, re-introduced by Jeroboam II., 233.

Athaliah, Ahab's daughter, married to Jehoram of Judah, 206.
her cruelty, 213.
killed by her captains, 216.
upholds idolatry in Jerusalem, 212.

Athenion, Ptolemy's envoy to Jerusalem, 423.

Azariah, son of Zadok, the second high priest, 167, 245.

Azariah (Uzziah), 226–46.

Baal, temple of, erected in Samaria by Jezebel, 197.
worshipped by the Israelites; Omri, Ahab and Jezebel, 75, 282; 195.
worshipped by the Phoenicians, 54.
's priests killed at the command of Elijah, 197, 204.
's worship destroyed by Jehoiada, the high priest, 217.
's worship stopped by Jehu of Israel, 212.
's worship upheld by Athaliah of Judah, 212.

Baalam and Balak, 28.

Baasha, successor to Nadab, 189.

Babylon, besieged and conquered by Cyrus, 344–50.

Babylon, fortified by Nebuchadnezzar, 329.
return of the JudÆans from, 354.
under Cyrus, 350 ff.
under Evil-Merodach, Neriglissar and Nabonad, 331–42.
under Merodach-Baladan, Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar, 278; 296, 303.

Babylonia, JudÆans in, 363 ff.

Babylonian exile of the JudÆans, 329–53.

Bacchides, the Syrian, defeats and kills Judas MaccabÆus at Eleasa, 486–7.
leaves the country, 492.
outrages the JudÆans, 483–4.
pursues Jonathan and the HasmonÆans, 491.

Bagoas (Bagoses) at Jerusalem, 409.

Barak, the judge, defeats Sisera near Mount Tabor, 61.

Baruch collects Jeremiah's prophecies and compiles the histories, 336.
reads Jeremiah's scroll, 304.
Also see pp. 315, 320, 322, 323, 328.

Bashan, inhabitants of, aided by Judas MaccabÆus, 474 f.

Bathsheba, 131–3, 153.

Bel's temple rebuilt by Alexander, 415.

Benaiah, David's leader of the Cherethites and Pelethites, 122, 126.
kills Adonijah and Joab, 160.

Benhadad I., of Damascus, defeats Omri, 195.

Benhadad II., fights against Ahab, 205.
killed by Hazael, 210.

Benhadad III., son of Hazael, besieges Samaria, 221.
defeated by Joash of Israel, 222.

Benjamin, settlement of, 38.

Benjamite, Saul the, 82–105.

Benjamites, faithful to Rehoboam, 182.
pretend enthusiasm for David, 147.
side with Absalom, 139.

Bethel, Mount, 45.

Bethel, annual meetings of the people under Samuel at, 78.
bull-worship at, 186, 233.
conquered by Joshua, 34.
place of worship for the Ten Tribes, 186.

Bethel, punished for its idolatrous worship, 295.
school of the prophets at, 205, 234.

Beth-horon, victories of Judas MaccabÆus at, 462, 485.

Bethshan, bodies of Saul and his sons hung up at the walls of, 104.

Beth-Zachariah, JudÆans slain at, 483.

Bethzur, conquered by the HasmonÆans, 498, 523.
conquered by Lysias the Syrian, 479.
fortified by Judas MaccabÆus, 473.
place of refuge for the Hellenists, 494.

Birah == Acra, which see.

Book of the Wars of God, 29.

Buildings of Solomon, 162 f.

Bull-worship of Israelites at Bethel and Dan, 186, 233.

Burnt-offerings not necessary for a pure worship, 74.

Cabiri == the mighty, seven planets worshipped by Phoenicians, 54.

Call of Moses and Aaron, 15.

Canaan, at the time of the conquest, 41.
conquered by the Israelites under Joshua, 32.
original inhabitants of, 1.
population of, at Joshua's death, 50.

Canaanising the people of Israel under Ahab and Jezebel, 197.

Canaanites == Phoenicians, 2, 54.
unite against the Israelites and Gibeonites, 34.

Canaanite remnants nearly outrooted by Saul, 94.
workmen of Solomon, building the temple, 163.

Carmel, Elijah and the priests of Baal at, 203.
range of Mount, 44.

CendebÆus, the Syrian general, 528–9.

Ceremonies observed among the JudÆans, 397.

Character of Moses, 30.

Characteristics of the Prophets, 15.

Chasidim or Nazarites, 422, 436, 457, 460.
deceived and outraged by Alcimus, 483.

Chasidim, one of the three parties in JudÆa, 489.
persecuted by Antiochus Epiphanes, 457.
support Mattathias, 460.

Chebel == band of associates of Samuel, 76.

Chemosh, god of the Ammonites, 55, 175.

Cherethites, 122.

Choral services at the temple, 120, 151.

Chronicles, books of, 411.

Civil war between David and Absalom, 138–145.
David and Ishbosheth, 109.
Tibni and Omri, 192.

Claims of Israel to Canaan, 4.

Cleopatra, 506, 518.

Climate of Canaan, 42.

Coelesyria, province of, 414.
conquered by Ptolemy, 416.

Coinage of Simon, 525, 528.

Colonies of the Greeks in Palestine, 419.
of the JudÆans in Egypt and Syria, 418, 503.

Commencement of Hebrew poetry, 29.

Coniah == Jeconiah, 306.

Conquest of Jericho and Ai, 33 f.

Consecration, days of, instituted by Judas MaccabÆus, 472.
of the new walls of Jerusalem, 381.
of the people to Jehovah, 380.
of Solomon's temple, 166.
of the second temple, 359.

Council of seventy elders and Moses, 25.
of the seventy, 394, 472.

Court of the king, 91.
of Solomon, 161.

Covenant, between the JudÆans and Jehovah, 380.
of the people against proselytes and intermarriages, 368.

Customs of the nations surrounding Israel, 53 ff.

CuthÆans. See Samaritans.

Cyaxares, king of Media, 287.
conquers Nineveh, 303.

Cyrene, JudÆans settle in, 503.

Cyrus, conquers Babylon, 344–50.
defeats the Babylonians, 343.
king of Babylonia, 350.
king of Medo-Persia, 342.
permits the JudÆans to return home, 351.

Damascus conquered by David, 127.
by Jeroboam II., 231 f.
by Rezon of Zobah, 177.
by Tiglath-Pileser, 259.
See Benhadad, Hazael and Rezin.

Dan, a place of worship for the ten tribes, 186.

Daniel, book of, 465 ff.
xii. 2; xi. 21–24; 405, 443.

Danites, settlement of the, 39.

Darius, successor of Cambyses, 359 f.

David, of Bethlehem, 95–155.
Absalom rebels against, 138.
alliance with Hiram, 118.
and Ishbosheth, 104–24.
and Nathan, 150.
anointed by Samuel, 96.
apparent traitor of his country, 100.
armour-bearer of Saul, 98.
boundaries of his kingdom, 129.
character of, 130.
defeats Moabites and Ammonites, 125.
defeats the Philistines, 116.
deludes Achish, 102.
desires to build the temple, 150 ff.
great works of, 154.
king of Judah, 106.
king of the whole country, 112.
laments over Absalom's death, 145.
marries Michal, 100.
meets Goliath, 95.
meets Saul and Jonathan, 97.
misfortunes of, 131 ff.
persecuted by Saul, 99.
returns to Jerusalem, 146.
Uriah and Bathsheba, 131.
's death, 155.

Death of Moses, 30.

Deborah, 61.

Decalogue, giving of the, 21.
importance and effect of the, 21–3.

Dedication of the new walls of Jerusalem, 381.
of the temple under Judas MaccabÆus, 473.

Deity, how conceived among the JudÆans, 402.

Deliverer, Moses the, of Israel, 15.

Deliverers, temporary, called Judges, 59 ff.

Demetrius, son of Antigonus, 417.

Demetrius I., 481–525.
appoints Alcimus as high priest, 483.

Demetrius II. and Alexander Balas, 494 ff.

Demetrius II., and Simon, 521, 525.
attempts bribing the JudÆans, 495.

Demetrius the librarian, and the Septuagint, 514.

Depopulation of JudÆa, 325.

Deportation of Israelites to Assyria, 260, 264–5.
of JudÆans to Babylonia, 307, 325.

Desert, wanderings in the, 20.

Destruction of Jerusalem; its consequences, 315 ff.

Deuteronomy, book of, 289, 292.
viii. 7–9; xxxiii. 13–14; 47.

Diodotus Tryphon, 497, 525, 528 ff.
captures Jonathan, 499.

Dionysian festivals in Alexandria and Jerusalem, 428.

Disciples of Elijah, 200.
of Isaiah, 253.
of Samuel, 76.

Disintegration of the JudÆans, 383, 434.
of the kingdom of Judah, 281.
of the tribes, 57.

Dispersion of the Jews, first, 227.

Disputation between JudÆans and Samaritans in Alexandria, 516.

Disputes between Samuel and Saul, 92.

Divine service, 401.

Doag, leader of Saul's guard, 91.

Dositheus of Alexandria, 505.

Doubters among the JudÆans, 429.

Earliest inhabitants of Canaan, 1 ff.

Earthquake in Uzziah's time, 229.
predicted by Amos, 236.

Ebal, Mount of, 45.

Eben-ha-Ezer, Philistines defeat the Israelites at, 70.
Israelites defeat the Philistines at, 78.

Ecclesiasticus, book of, 439–41.

Ecclus. ix. 3; xxxii. 3, 4 and 6; 429, 439.

Edomites, subdued by Amaziah of Judah, 222.
See IdumÆa.

Eglon, king of Moab, killed by Ehud, 60.

Egypt and Assyria at war, 263.
emigration of Jacob to, 4.
emigration of Johanan, Jeremiah, etc., to, 323.
induces Judah to rebel against Nebuchadnezzar, 306, 309.
invaded by Antiochus Epiphanes, 450, 452.
Egypt under Apries (Hophra) and Nebuchadnezzar, 312.
under Necho, 296.
under Ptolemy I., Soter, 416. See Ptolemy.
under Shishak inimical to Israel, 176.

Egypt's aid courted by Judah under Hezekiah, 269.
alliance with Solomon, 161.

Egyptian idolatry, 9.
introduced in Judah, 300.

Egyptians, accomplishments and attainments of, 8.
and Israelites, 7.
and Persians, 407.
bright and dark sides of, 8.
early history of, 8.

Egypto-JudÆan community in Alexandria, 418.

Ehud, the judge, of Benjamin, 60.

Elah, king of Israel, killed by Zimri, 192.

Elath and Eziongeber, important seaports, 170, 176.

Elders == Zekenim, in early time, 7.
and Moses, 25.

Eleasa, defeat of the JudÆans at, 487.

Eleazar, brother of Judas MaccabÆus, 479.

Eleazar, the high priest, and the Septuagint, 514.

Election of Saul at Mizpah, 83.

Eli, the priest at Shiloh, 69–71.

Eliakim == Jehoiakim, king of Judah, 299.

Eliakin, son of Hilkiah, Shebna's successor, 272.

Eliashib, the high priest, 362, 383.
deposed by Nehemiah, 385.

Elijah, the Tishbite, 199.
at Sarepta, 203.
meets Ahab, 202 f.
meets Ahaziah, 207.
pursued by Jezebel, 204.
's return prophesied by Malachi, 385.

Elisha, Elijah's successor, 207.
activity and work of, 217.
highly respected by Joash of Israel, 223.
his death, 228 f.
meets Jehoshaphat and Jehoram, 209.
meets Naaman, 224.

Emendations of Judges iii. 8 and 10; 60.

Emendations of I. Sam. xv. 32; 93.

Emigration of Jacob to Egypt, 4.
of Johanan, Jeremiah, etc., to Egypt, 323 f.

Emim == Anakim and Rephaim, 2.

Endor, Gideon's encampment at, 62.
Saul consults the witch at, 103.

Ephes Damim, Goliath and Philistines slain at, 97 f.

Epiphanes of Egypt, 433 ff.

Ephraim and Manasseh, settlement of, 35 f.

Ephraimites displeased with Saul's election, 83.
head the revolt against Rehoboam, 181 f.
punished by Jephthah, 65.
ruined with the other nine tribes, 265.
side with Absalom against David, 139.

Epicurus's doctrines influencing JudÆans, 429.

Esarhaddon of Assyria, 284.

Ethbaal (Ithobel) of Tyre, ally of Omri, 194.

Ethbaal II., vassal of Nebuchadnezzar, 304, 306.

Ethnarch at Alexandria, office of, 507.

Evil-Merodach of Babylon, 331.

Exile, Babylonian, 329–53.
of the Israelites, 260, 264.
of the JudÆans, 307, 317, 325.
prophets of the, 344–49.

Exiles, moral change of the, in Babylonia, 333–5.
number of the JudÆan, 332.
obtain grants of land, 330.
treated kindly by Nebuchadnezzar, 329.

Exiled priests settle in Samaria, 390 ff.

Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, 17.
of the JudÆans from Babylonia, 355.

Ezekiel, son of Buzi, the prophet, 332 ff.
xxiii. 7, 8, and xxxviii. 8; 12, 407.

Ezra enforces the observance of the law, 387–8.
guardian of the temple, 382.
insists upon dissolution of mixed marriages, 367–9.
not a man of action, 371.
reads the law to the people, 378.
visits Jerusalem, 366.

Famine in Israel under Ahab, 203.
in Judah under Uzziah, 229 f.

Feast of Dedication, 473.
of Lights, 472.
of Tabernacles, 380.

Fertility of the land of Israel, 46 ff.

Fleet of Solomon, 170 f.

Future life, doctrine of, 404.

Gad and half Manasseh, attacked by Nahash, desire a king, 80.
settles in the trans-Jordanic territory, 29 f.

Gad, the prophet, joins David, 100, 113, 138.

Galilee, land of, 45.

Gath conquered by David's troops, 117 f.

Gaza, Ptolemy defeats Demetrius at, 417.
taken by Alexander the Great, 412.

Gazara, a stronghold of the Hellenists, 523.

Gedaliah appointed governor of Judah, 319.
murdered by Ishmael, 322.
overseer of the JudÆan prisoners, 315.

Gehazi, Elisha's disciple and servant, 218, 223.

Gehenna, valley of, 115.

Ge-Hinnon == Hell, 404.

Gelil Haggoyim == Galilee, 164.

Gen. xlix. 16 and 17; 66.

Geography of Jerusalem and neighbourhood, 115 f.
of Palestine or Land of Israel, 42 f.

Gerizim, 45.

Gibeah of Benjamin, taken by Jonathan, 85.
residence of Saul, 89.

Gibeon, Joshua's victory over the Canaanites at, 34.

Gibeonites or Hivites and Rizpah, 123.
in Ezra's time, 367.
massacred by Saul, 94.
submit to Joshua, 34.

Gibborim == heroic warriors, 100.

Gideon-Jerubbaal routs the Midianites, 62.

Gilboa, Mount, 44.
Saul, his sons and army slain on Mount, 103 f.

Gilead, 50.
faithful to Jehovah under Ahab, 200.

Gilead, inhabitants of, aided by Judas MaccabÆus, 474.

Gileadites of Jabesh pressed by Nahash the Ammonite, 89 f.

Gilgal, annual meetings of the people under Samuel at, 78.
first centre of worship under Joshua, 40.
Saul and his army meet at, 85.
school of prophets at, 205, 234.
tribes renew their oath of allegiance to David, 146 ff.

God of Israel, the, 5, 283, 402.
of hosts, 130.

Gods of Egypt, 9.

Goliath and David, 95 ff.

Gorgias, the Syrian, defeated by Judas MaccabÆus, 465.
defeats Joseph and Azariah, 476.

Goshen, land of, 7.

Government of Israel under David, 121 f.
under Saul, 90 f.
under Solomon, 162, 172.

Governors of Coelesyria, Andromachus, Memnon and Joseph, son of Tobias, 414, 425.

Governors of JudÆa after the exile, 360 ff.
See Zerubbabel, Joshua, Nehemiah, etc.

Greece and JudÆa, 413.

Greek colonies in Palestine, 419.
customs spread in JudÆa, 427 f.
faction among the JudÆans, 435.
games among the JudÆans, 438.
translation of the Pentateuch, 510, 512.

Greeks and Macedonians, 411.

Hadad (Adad) of IdumÆa, fights against Solomon, 176.

Hadadezer of Zobah, helps Hanun against David, 126.

Haggai, the prophet, 359.

Hanukkah == days of consecration, 473.

Hanun, the Ammonite, defeated by David, 127.
insults David's messengers, 126.

Haphtarah, 400.

HasmonÆans. See Maccabees.
connect themselves with the Romans and Parthians against Syrians, 490.
leaders of the nation, 490.
one of the three parties in JudÆa, 489.

Hathor, the Egyptian goddess, 9.

Havvoth Jair, 64.

Hazael of Damascus, invades Israel and Judah, 220 f.
's war against Israel, 210.

Hebrew alphabet, Assyrian characters of the, 395 f.
literature taken along into the captivity, 334 f.
poetry, commencement of, and two characteristics of, 29.
tongue cultivated by the JudÆans in Babylonia, 364.

Hebron, Absalom rebels against David at, 139.
inhabited by the IdumÆans, 474.
residence of David, 109.

Helam, defeat of the AramÆans at, 127.

Hell == Ge-Hinnon, 404.

Hellenism in JudÆa, 435, 439, 442–71.

Hellenists, Acra occupied by the, 478, 488.
masters of the country, 488.
overthrow of, 523.
side with Alcimus, 483.

Heman, chief psalmist and musician at Gibeon, 79, 121.

Hermon, Mount, 44.

Heron, a Syrian commander, defeated by MaccabÆus, 462.

Hezekiah, king of Judah, 268–80.
and Merodach-baladan, 278.
change of policy of, 272.
death of, 280.
defense against Sennacherib, 275.
early measures of, 268 f.
illness and recovery of, 276.
restores Jehovah's worship, 266–7.
rule of, 278.
unites with Egypt against Assyria, 269.
weakness of character, 268.

High-priestly office made equal to that of royalty, 219.

High-priests—
Abiathar, 120.
Alcimus, 482.
Azariah, 167, 245.
Eliashib, 362.
Hilkiah, 289, 365.
Jason, 444, 480.
Jehoiada, 213 ff.
Jehoiakim, 360.
Joiada, 386, 409.
Jonathan, 495.
Joshua, 351 ff.
Judas MaccabÆus, 481.
Onias, I., II., and III., 413, 423, 437.
Onias IV., 505, 507, 522.
Onias Menelaus, 447–80.
Seraiah, 314, 365.
Simon I., and II., 420, 432.
Zachariah, 220.
Zadok, 120.

Highroads of the king, 171.

Hilkiah, high priest under Josiah, 289, 365.

Hiram of Tyre, 118.
friend of Solomon, 161–2.
receives for gold twenty Israelitish towns, 164.
supplies Solomon with cedar and cypress wood, 164.

Hiram, the artist, building the temple, 165.

Historical books, from Genesis to the end of Judah, compiled by Baruch, 336.

Hittites == Hivites, 3.

Hollow Syria == Coelesyria, 414.

Holy City, 114 ff.
Land, 1, 41.

Hosea, Beeri's son, the prophet, 240.

Hosea II., contemporary of Isaiah, 251.
chapter ii. 4–6; 241.
's speeches against idolatry, 240 f.

Hoshea, son of Elah, kills Pekah of Israel, 260, 263.
king of Samaria, 263.
prisoner of Shalmaneser, 264.

Huldah, the prophetess, 286, 293.

Human sacrifices under Ahab, 260 f.

Humane spirit of the Decalogue, 23.

Hushai of Erech, David's friend, 141 f.

Hymn of Moses, 293.

Hyrcanus, 429, 431, 437, 444.

Idolaters severely treated by David, 131.

Idolatry abolished by Jehu of Israel, 211 ff.
abolished by Josiah, 294.
among the Persians, 408.
Assyrian, in Israel, 247.
Assyrian, in Judah, 260, 269, 282 ff.
Egyptian, in Judah, 300, 306.
introduced by Antiochus Epiphanes, 455.
introduced by Jehoram of Judah, 209.

Idolatry introduced by Jeroboam I. and II., 186, 233.
Israelites influenced by, 57.
of the nations surrounding Israel, 54 ff.
of the Phoenicians in Israel under Omri and Ahab, 195 ff.
of the wealthy exiles, 340.
permitted by Solomon, 175.
to be spurned, 41.

IdumÆans, assisted by Egypt, defeat Judah, 226 f.
defeated by Abishai, 128.
defeated by Uzziah (Azariah), 230.
fight the Israelites, 27.
intercourse of the Israelites with, 55.
kill fugitive JudÆans, 318.
make settlements in Southern JudÆa, 325.
remain enemies of JudÆa, 435, 474.
subdued by Amaziah, 222.

Impurity, laws concerning purity and, 401.

Indian trade of Solomon, 169.
renewed by Uzziah (Azariah), 130.

Inhabitants of Canaan, original, 1.

Intermarriages between Israelites and their neighbours, 56.
between JudÆans and their neighbours, 361.
dissolved and forbidden by Ezra, 367–9, 386.
practised again, 383.

Internal affairs of the Alexandrian community, 504.
conflicts in JudÆa after the death of MaccabÆus, 491.
government of Israel under David, 121, 154.
government of Israel under Saul, 90.
government of Israel under Solomon, 162, 172.

Ipsus, battle at, 417.

"Iron sea" of Solomon's temple, 165.

Isaiah, Amoz's son, of Jerusalem, 251–4.
disciples of, 253.
's efforts to restrain Hezekiah from war with Assyria, 270.
immediate and permanent effect of the speeches of, 252–3.
opposes Ahaz's seeking Assyrian help, 258.
predicts Jerusalem's deliverance, 272.
sons of, 251, 258–9.

Isaiah, the Babylonian, 344 ff.
Isaiah i. 11–14, 253;
ii. 2–4, 243;
vi. and vii., 252, 258;
viii. 5–8, 259;
x. 5–xi. 10, 272;
xxii. 1–14, 16–25, 271;
xxviii. 1–4, 266;
xxix. 13, 253;
xl. 345;
xlii. 1–4, 347;
liii. 3–7, 344;
lv. 12, 355;
lvi. 7, 347;
lxiv. 9, 325;
lxvi. 1, 5, 348, 349.

Ishbosheth and David, 106–124.

Ishmael, son of Nehemiah, 317, 321.
flees to Egypt, 323.
murders Gedaliah, 322.

Isolation of the tribes, 36.

Israel == Jacob, 7.

Israel and Judah, kingdoms of, 182 ff.
at Goshen, 7.
claim of, to Canaan, 4.
distinctions of the land of, 42.
end of kingdom of, 265.
remnant of == kingdom of Judah, 266.

Israel under Eli and Samuel, 68–81.
under the judges, 60–67.
" King David and Ishbosheth, 106–24.
under David, 125–55.
" Saul, 82–105.
" Solomon, 156–78.
" Ahab, 196–206.
" Ahaziah, 206.
" Ba'asha, 189–91.
" Elah, 191.
" Hoshea, 263.
" Jehoahaz, 221.
" Jehoash, 221 f.
" Jehoram, 207.
" Jehu, 211.
" Jeroboam I., 182–9.
" Jeroboam II., 225–43.
" Menahem, 244–7.
" Nadab, 189.
" Omri, 192–6.
" Pekah, 248.
" Pekahiah, 248.
" Shallum, 244.
" Tibni, 192.
" Zechariah, 243.
" Zimri, 192.

Israelites and Egyptians, 7.
and the neighbouring nations, 53.
crossing the Jordan, 29.
exodus of, from Egypt, 17.
influenced by their pagan surroundings, 51 f.

Israelites, occupying the land of Canaan, 32 ff.
victorious over Canaanites, 27.
wandering in the desert, 26 f.

Isis, 9.

Issachar, settlement of tribe of, 37.

Ittai, the Hittite, David's general, 137, 141, 144.

Jabesh-Gilead, besieged by Nahash, 89.

Jabesh-Gileadites, rescue Saul's body, 104.

Jabin, defeated by Joshua near Lake Merom, 37.

Jabin, the Canaanite king, 61.

Jacob == Israel, 7.

Jael slays Sisera, 61.

Jakim. See Alcimus.

Jason appointed high priest by Antiochus Epiphanes, 444, 451.
son of a high priest, 435, 439.

Jebus, changed to Jerusalem, 114.

Jebusites, 3.
between Ephraim and Judah, 76 f.
made subject to David, 113.

Jeconiah == Jehoiachin, 306.

Jeduthun, choir-leader in Gibeon, 121.

Jehoahaz, King of Israel, 221.

Jehoahaz, King of Judah, 298.

Jehoash, King of Israel, 221.
defeats Amaziah of Judah, 224.
defeats Benhadad III. of Damascus, 222.

Jehoiachin == Jeconiah == Coniah, 306.
favored by Evil-Merodach, 331.
taken to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar, 307.

Jehoiada, the high priest, 214.

Jehoiakim, the high priest, son of Joshua, 360.

Jehoiakim, King of Judah, 299–306.
introduces Egyptian idolatry, 300.
persecutes the prophets, 301.
rebellion and death of, 306.
submits to Nebuchadnezzar, 306.
throws Jeremiah's scroll into the fire, 305.

Jehoram, Ahaziah's brother, King of Israel, 207.
at war with Hazael of Damascus, 210.
at war with Mesa of Moab, 208.
killed by Jehu, 211.

Jehoram, King of Judah and husband of Athaliah, 206.

Jehoshaphat of Judah, allied with Ahab of Israel, 206.

Jehu appointed successor to Ahab's house, 204.
captain of Jehoram of Israel, 210.
king of Israel, 211.
loses part of Israel, 220 f.

Jephthah, the Gileadite, defeats the Ammonites, 64.
punishes the haughty Ephraimites, 65.

Jeremiah of Anathoth, the prophet, 289–329.
assists Gedaliah and encourages the people, 319.
emigrates to Egypt, 324.
imprisoned by his enemies, 312.
imprisoned by Ishmael, 322.
imprisoned by ChaldÆan soldiers, 314.
warns Zedekiah against rebellion, 310.

Jeremiah's counsel disregarded by Johanan, 323.
lamentations, 316.
last days, 327.
prophecies collected by Baruch, 304.
scroll read by Baruch, 304.

Jeremiah, book of, vii., vii. 12, 302, 71;
xv. 1, 72;
xxiii. 29, 291;
xxix. 4–8, 310;
xxxi. 17–18, 266;
xlvi. 15, 11.

Jericho conquered, 33.
fortified by Ahab, 201.
school of prophets in, 205, 234.

Jeroboam I., the Ephraimite, 174.
aided by Shishak, 184.
and Ahijah, the prophet, 175.
flees to Egypt, 176.
introduces idolatry, 186.
king of the Ten Tribes, 180 ff.
resides at Shechem, 180.

Jeroboam II., King of Israel, 225–43.

Jerubbaal-Gideon routs the Midianites, 62.

Jerusalem attacked by Antiochus Epiphanes, 451.
attacked and captured by Sanballat, 371.
besieged by Lysias, the Syrian general, 479.
captured by Nebuchadnezzar, 307, 311.
captured by Ptolemy I., 416.
captured by Scopas, the Ætolian, 432.
captured by Shishak of Egypt, 184.

Jerusalem, centre of religious life, 119.
David's final residence, 114.
fortified by Azariah, 231.
fortified by David, 118.
fortified by Hezekiah, 270.
fortified by Nehemiah, 373.
new walls of, consecrated, 381.
ransacked by Jehoash of Israel, 225.
re-populated, 377.
return of JudÆans to, 354.
return of Judas MaccabÆus, 471.
visited by Ezra, 366 ff.
visited by Nehemiah, 373, 385.

Jerusalem's walls rebuilt by Simon the Just, 421.

Jeshurun, Israel's new name, 22.

Jesus Sirach, son of Eleazar, 421, 439.

Jezebel, character of, 197.
death of, 211.
Ethbaal's daughter, married to Ahab, 194.
pursues Elijah, 201.

Jezreel, Hosea's son, 240.

Jezreel, plain of, 44.
Saul and his army slain at, 103.
town of, Ahab's summer residence, 201 f.

Joash of Judah, early years of, 213.
killed by two nobles of Judah, 221.
proclaimed king by Jehoiada, 215.

Job, book of, 341.

Joab, son of Zeruiah, 100–160.
commander of the Gibborim, 100.
David's general, 109.
defeats and kills Absalom, 144.
defeats the AramÆans and Ammonites, 126.
defeats Sheba and the northern tribes, 149.
favours Adonijah, 152.
killed by Solomon through Benaiah, 160.
kills Amaza, 149.
kills Abner, 111.

Joel, Samuel's son, 80.

Joel, son of Pethuel, the prophet, 230, 237 ff.
book of, chapter iii. 1–2; 239.

Johanan, son of Joiada, the high priest, 409.

Johanan, son of Kareah, 318, 321, 322.
emigrates to Egypt, 324.

Johanan, son of Mattathias, 489.

Johanan, son of Simon, called Hyrcanus, 529.

Joiada, a high priest, 386, 409.

Jokthel, name given to Petra by Amaziah of Judah, 223.

Jonadab, son of Rechab, a Nazarite, 200.
and Jehu exterminate Baal's worship, 212.

Jonah, son of Ammittai, 225.

Jonathan, eldest son of Saul, 84–103.
and David, 97 ff.
and his sword-bearer attack the Philistines at Gibeah, 87.
attacks Gibeah of Benjamin, 85.
killed by the Philistines, 103.
his remains brought to the family tomb at Zelah, 124.

Jonathan, brother of Judas MaccabÆus, 459, 475, 489, 493.
allies himself with Alexander Balas, 496.
and Tryphon, 498, 501.
appointed high priest, 494.
buried at Modin, 501.
leader of the nation, 490 ff.

Jordan, Israelites crossing the, 29.
only large river in Palestine, 46.

JosÊ, son of Joezer, of Zereda, 436.

JosÊ, son of Johanan of Jerusalem, 436.

Joseph, son of Tobias, 423–31.
ambassador to Alexandria, 425.

Joshua, son of Nun, successor of Moses, 32.
death of, 52.
defeats Jabin near Lake Merom, 37.
defeats the Canaanites at Gibeon, 34.
less active in old age, 50.

Joshua, book of, x. 12 and 13, 35.

Joshua, the high priest, son of Jehozedek, 351.
successful against Zerubbabel, 359.

Joshua, the high priest, son of Joiada, 409.

Joshua (Jesus), Sirach sings Simon's praises, 421–2.

Josiah, King of Judah, 286–97.
defeated by Necho, 297.
Passover of, 295.
reformation of Judah under, 288.
repairing the temple, 288.

Jotham and his parable, 63.Jotham and Isaiah, the prophets, 251.

Jotham, friendship with Pekah, 249.
king of Judah, 246.
regent of Judah, 246.

Jubilee year, 393.

JudÆa accounted a province of Coelesyria, 413–4.
added to the Lagido-Egyptian kingdom, 418.
and Greece, 413.
depopulated, 325.
independent under Simon, 519.
invaded by the Syrians under CendebÆus, 528.
part of the province of Greece, 413.
under Jonathan, 501.
under the rule of the SeleucidÆ, 432.

JudÆa, new community in, 354.
spread of Greek customs in, 427.
three parties in, 489.

JudÆan colonies in Egypt, Syria and Cyrene, 418, 503.
exiles, number of the, 332.
sect of Samaritans, 392.

JudÆans adapt Hellenism, 435.
and Alexander the Great, 412–15.
and Samaritans, 389, 392.
and Samaritans in Alexandria, 515.
and Samaritans persecuted by Ptolemy Physcon, 519.
at discord after Nehemiah's departure, 383–4.
banished to the Caspian sea, 408.
become doubters and sceptics, 429.
deported to Babylonia, 307.
in Alexandria, 503 ff.
in Babylonia. See Exile.
in Babylonia begin the religious reformation, 363.
in Egypt, 326.
in the Sopheric age, 389 ff.
intermarry with neighbouring people, 361.
of Galilee ill-treated by their neighbours, 474.
permitted by Cyrus to return home, 351.
persecuted by Antiochus Epiphanes, 452, 464.
remaining in Babylonia support their returning brethren, 354.
return from other countries, 356.
revolt against the Ptolemies, 423.
under Artaxerxes II. and III., 407.
under the Maccabees, 442 ff.
under the Ptolemies, 420.

Judah, tribe of, 38 f.
and Benjamin the last to invite David to return, 146.
and Simeon assist their brethren under Samuel, 76.
elects David as king, 107.
religion in, 188.
Simeon and Benjamin faithful to Rehoboam, 182.
starts the revolt against David in favor of Absalom, 139.

Judah, kingdom of.
and Egyptian idolatry, 300.
end of, 298–316.
subject to Egypt, 298.
under Abijam, 189.
" Ahaz, 257–66.
" Amaziah, 222.
" Ahaziah, 211.
" Amon, 285.
" Asa, 189.
" Athaliah, 213.
" Azariah (Uzziah), 226–48.
" David, 109.
" Hezekiah, 266–80.
" Jehoahaz, 298.
" Jehoiachin, 306–8.
" Jehoiakim, 299–306.
" Jehoram, 209.
" Jehoshaphat, 206 ff.
" Joash, 216.
" Josiah, 286–97.
" Jotham, 248–56.
" Manasseh, 281–5.
" Mattaniah-Zedekiah, 308–15.
" Rehoboam, 179–89.
" Zedekiah-Mattaniah, 308–15.

Judaism loses its national meaning, 392.

Judas MaccabÆus, 461–87.
accused by Alcimus before Demetrius II., 482.
appointed his father's successor, 461.
at war with the IdumÆans, 474.
at war with the Syrians under Lysias, 478.
defeats Apollonius and Heron, 462.
defeats Gorgias the Syrian, 468.
defeats Lysias the Syrian, 469.
defeats Nicanor twice, 484–5.
falls in a battle against Bacchides, 487.
makes overtures to Rome, 485.
punishes Timotheus and the Ammonites, 475.
returns to Jerusalem, 471.

Judges appointed by Moses, 26.
name of the temporary deliverers of Israel, 59–67.
Book of, iii. 8 and 10, 60;
vi. 13, 58;
xi. 7, 65.
importance of the, 68.

Justice administered among the JudÆans, 394.
supreme court of, 394.

Kanna == religious zeal, 199.

Kedeshim and Kedeshoth, 54, 198, 283.

Kehillah, a Levitical guild, 76.

Kenites, allies of the Israelites, 38.

Kikkar == meadows, 45.

King desired by the tribes, 80.

Kingdom of Israel not an offspring of affection, 81.
See Israel.

Kingdom of Judah. See Judah.

Kings, First book of the, viii. 27, 348;
xviii. 21;
xxi. 19, 203.
Second book of the, ix. 25, 203.

Kirjath-Jearim, ark of covenant at, 72, 119.

Lachish, Sennacherib's encampment at, 273.

Lake Merom, victory of Joshua near, 37.

Lake of the Harp, or lake of Galilee, 42.

Lamentations of Jeremiah, 316, 319.

Law of Moses and its influence, 385.
authority of, among the JudÆans, 393.
interpreted by Jesus Sirach, 440.
maligned by Menelaus, 449.
regularly read at Jerusalem, 395.
strict observance of, 387, 397.
translated into Greek, 510.
See Pentateuch and Septuagint.

Law books among the JudÆans of Babylonia, 364.
of Judah, 292.
strictly adhered to by the Samaritans, 392.
taught and enforced by Ezra-Nehemiah, 365, 378.

Laws concerning purity and impurity, 401.

Lebanon, Mount, 44.

Leontopolis the site of the temple of Onias, 508.

Levites, and Egyptians, 8.
assist Samuel, 76.
destitute forsake the temple, 382.
emigrate to Judah from Israel, 187.
explain the law, 379.
help to consecrate the walls, 381.
how to be supported, 382.
leave Jerusalem for want of support, 372, 377.
live in Shiloh, 69.
rebuke the people for idolatry, 58.
receive no lands in Canaan, 40.
re-instated by Judas MaccabÆus, 473.
return to Jerusalem, 386.
scatter over the country after
Shiloh's destruction, 72.
side with David against Absalom, 141.
true to God, 12.

Leviticus, xvii. 7, 11.

Licentiousness to be spurned, 41.

Lysias the Syrian, 463–82.
besieges Jerusalem, 479.
censured by the Romans, 481 f.
defeated by Judas MaccabÆus, 469.
general of Antiochus Epiphanes, 463, 476.
guardian of Antiochus V., 477.
invades JudÆa victoriously, 478.
makes a truce with the JudÆans, 480.
put to death by Demetrius II., 482.

Lysimachus, 437, 448–9.

Maachah, Rehoboam's mother, worships Astarte, 188.

MaccabÆus. See Judas MaccabÆus.

Maccabees, the, 458–531.
First book of, i. 26–28, 452.

Macedonia, Alexander of, 412.
Philip of, 411.

Macedonian kingdom dissolved, 416.

Macedonians, influence of, 411.

Machpelah, 4.

Mahanaim, residence of Ishbosheth, 108.
welcomes the fugitive David, 144.

Malachi, the last of the prophets, 384.

Malcom or Milcom, god of the Ammonites, 55, 128.

Manasseh, settlement of the tribe of, 35.

Manasseh, king of Judah, 281–5.

Manasseh appointed high priest of the temple at Gerizim, 390.
banished from Judah by Nehemiah, 386.
marries Sanballat's daughter, 383.

Manetho's libels on the JudÆans, 510.

Marriage, mixed. See Intermarriages.

Martyrs executed by Antiochus Epiphanes, 456.

Mashal or allegorical poems, 158.

Mattaniah (Zedekiah), King of Judah, 308.

Mattathias and his five sons, 459.

Medes, 287, 303.

Media conquered by Cyrus, 342.

Megiddo, battle at, 297.

Memnon, governor of Coelesyria, 414.

Menahem, son of Gadi, King of Israel, 244–8.

Menelaus. See Onias Menelaus.

Meonenim == cloud-seers among the Philistines, 55.

Mephibosheth, Jonathan's son becomes lame for life, 104.
spared by David, 123.

Merodach-Baladan of Babylonia, 278.

Merom, battle at Lake, 37.

Mesa of Moab, defeated by Jehoram, 209.

Messengers of God, 403.

Micah II., contemporary of Isaiah, 251, 261, 273.
Book of, chapter vi. 4, 12.

Michaiah, the prophet, inimical to Ahab, 205.

Michal, Saul's second daughter, 100–120.
married to David, 100.
rebukes him for dancing in front of the ark, 120.
returned to David, 110.

Michmash, Jonathan's headquarters, 494.
Saul defeats the Philistines at, 87.

Midianite maidens beguile the Israelites, 28.

Midianites ravaging Palestine are defeated by Gideon and 300 warriors, 62.

Midrash, the, 396.

'Millo' == border, 118.
site of Solomon's palace, 168.

Miriam, 12.

Mixed language of the Samaritans, 391.

Mixed marriages. See Intermarriages.

Mizpah, annual meetings of the people under Samuel at, 78.

Mizpah, centre of importance and a holy place, 321.
Gedaliah's capital, 319.
Judas MaccabÆus assembles the army at, 467.
Saul elected at, 83.

Mnevis, the white bull, 9.

Moabites, after the exile, 362.
defeated and subdued by David, 125.
defeated by Jehoram and Jehoshaphat, 209.
influencing the worship of the Israelites, 56.
made tributaries by Omri, 194.
routed by the Israelites under Ehud, 60.

Moabitess, Ruth the, 370.

Modin, residence of Mattathias, 459, 469.

Moloch, Ahab sacrifices his son to, 260.
sacrifices to, 283, 300.

Monotheism, 5, 402.

Moriah, Mount, 115.
a sacred place, 138.
site of Solomon's Temple, 162.

Moses, 12–31.
and his councillors, 25.
called as deliverer, 15.
characteristic of, 30.
death of, 30.
grave of, not known, 31.
the great leader, 17.
song of, 293.

Mount Gerizim, temple on, 390. Sinai, 20.

Mountains of Palestine, 44–45.

Mourners of Zion in the exile, 337.

Murder to be spurned, 41.

Mylitta, worship of, introduced in Israel, 247, 282.

Mythology of the nations surrounding Israel, 53.

Naaman, the Syrian, 224.

NabatÆans receive Jonathan and his followers, 498.

Nabonad, King of Babylonia, 342.
at war with Cyrus, 343.
persecutes the JudÆans, 342.

Nabopolassar of Babylon, 296, 303.

Naboth's vineyard, 201.

Nadab succeeds Jeroboam, 189.

Nahash, King of Ammonites, 80.
besieges Jabesh-Gilead, 89.
defeated by Saul, 90.
supports David against Saul, 100.

Naphtali, settlement of the tribe of, 37.

Nathan, house of, 249.

Nathan, the prophet, 113.
and David, 132, 150.
sides with Solomon against Adonijah, 153.

National decay, 317.

Nature in Palestine, poetry of, 48.

Nazarite order instituted by Elijah, 200, 422.

Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, 303–331.
and Jehoiachin, 306.
and Jehoiakim, 305–6.
and Zedekiah, 308.
appoints Gedaliah Governor of Judah, 319.
defeats Hophra, King of Egypt, 312.
subdues Judah and conquers Jerusalem, 307, 310 ff.
treats the exiles kindly, 329.

Nebuzaradan destroys Jerusalem, 315, 319, 325.

Nechalim == winter streams, 46.

Necho, son of Psammetich of Egypt, 296.
defeats Josiah at Megiddo, 297.
deposes at Riblah Jehoahaz, and appoints Eliakim king of Judah, 299.

Negeb == the arid land, 48.

Nehemiah, Artaxerxes' cup-bearer, 372.
and the great assembly, 381.
examines the genealogies to repopulate Jerusalem, 378.
fortifies Jerusalem, 374–5.
has Ezra read the law to the people, 378.
intrigued against by Sanballat, 375.
man of vigorous action, 373.
protests against enslaving the poor, 376.
returns to Artaxerxes, 383.

Nehemiah's arrival in Jerusalem, 373.
memoirs, 387–8.
second visit to Jerusalem, 385.

Neighbouring nations and the Israelites, 53–9.

Neriglissar, King of Babylon, 331–42.

Nicanor, general of Demetrius II., defeated by MaccabÆus, 484.

Nob, place of worship during Samuel's time, 79.

Nob, priests of, murdered by Saul, 100.

Number of the JudÆans in the exile, 332.

Number of the returning JudÆans, 352.

Numbers, Book of, xi. 29, 239.

Obadiah, Ahab's palace-superintendent, 201.
the prophet, 326.

Officers appointed by Nehemiah, 382.

Olam-ha-ba == the next world, 405.

Olives, Mount of, 45.

Olympian games in JudÆa, 445.

Omri, King of Israel, 192.
allied with Ethbaal of Tyre, 194.
built Samaria, 193.

Onias I., the high priest, 413.

Onias II., the high priest, 423.

Onias III., the high priest, 437.
murdered, 448.

Onias IV. in Alexandria, 505.
temple of, 508.
the first Ethnarch, 507, 522.

Onias Menelaus, 437, 447, 454, 506.
appointed high priest, 447.
combats Jason, 451.
hellenises the JudÆans, 454.
maligns the law of Moses, 449.
sacrificed by Lysias, 480.

Onion in Egypt, Province of, 508, 510.

Ophir, Land of, 171.

Ophrah, Gideon's native place, 62.

Opposition of the Israelites against Moses, 15.

Opposition of Pharaoh against Moses, 16.

Original inhabitants of Canaan, 1.

Ornah, the Jebusite, 138.

Osiris, 9.

Othniel, the first warrior judge, 60.

Palace of Solomon, 168.

Palestine, Origin of the name of, 55.

Paradise == Eden, 404.

Parallelism in Hebrew poetry, 29.

Parties, the three, in JudÆa at the death of Judas MaccabÆus, 489.

Passage of the Israelites through the Red Sea, 18.
through the Jordan, 32.

Passover festival among the JudÆans, 398.
of Josiah, 295.

Patriarchs, the, 4.

Pecht, Egyptian goddess, 9.Pekah, the last king of Israel, 248.

Pekah, murdered by Hoshea, son of Elah, 260.
submits to Tiglath-Pileser, 260.

Pekahiah, King of Israel, murdered by Pekah, 248.

Pelethites, 122.

Pelusium besieged by Sennacherib, 276.

Penitential psalms, 337 f.

Pentapolis of the Philistines, 54 f.

Pentateuch. See Law-Book.

Perizzites, 3.

Perpetual fire, an emblem of God's presence, 24.

Persecution of the JudÆans by Artaxerxes, 408.

Persecution of the prophets under Manasseh, 284.

Persian doctrines influence Hebrew religion, 403.
religion and Hebrew monotheism, 402.

Persians and JudÆans, 407.
conquered by Alexander the Great, 412.

Pestilence in Israel under David, 138.

Petra, capital of the IdumÆans, 222.

Pharaoh, opposition of Moses against, 16.

Philip of Macedon, 432.
of Macedonia, 411.
regent of Syria, 480.

Philistines, 54 ff.
and Goliath defeated in the valley of Tamarinths, 95–7.
and Samson, 66.
arouse Judah and Simeon, 77.
at war with David, 115.
capture the ark of the covenant, 71–2.
defeat Saul and his army on Gilboah, 103–4.
defeat the Israelites at Aphek, 70.
defeated by Azariah, 230.
defeated by David at Mount Baal Perazim, 116.
defeated by Saul at Michmash, 88–9.
oppress Israel greatly, 66, 80, 84.
remain enemies of the JudÆans, 435, 467.

Philo, the elder, 517.

Philometor of Egypt, 504.

Philopator of Egypt, 429–32.

Phineas puts an end to the profligacy of the people, 29.

Phoenicia, natural wealth and resources of, 3.

Phoenicians—Canaanites, 2.
defeated by Shalmaneser, 263 f.
customs and mythology of, 54..
influencing the Israelites, 53 f.

Phraortes (Fravartch), King of Media, 287.

Pious, community of the, 436.
and worldly among the exiles, 339, 349.

Plain of Sharon, or the low country, 45.

Poetic, allegories (mashal) of Solomon, 158.
talents of David, 96.

Poetry, beginning of Hebrew, 29.
of Nature in Palestine, 48 f.
of the Exile, 340.

Polygamy indulged in by David, 161.
Saul, 95.
Solomon, 161.

Popillius LÆnas, Roman deputy, 453.

Praise-songs in divine worship, 78.

Prayers prescribed among the JudÆans, 398.

Priests == Aaronides.
expelled from Jerusalem take charge of the temple on Mount Gerizim, 390.
faithless to their promises, 383–4.
idolatrous, under Manasseh, 283.
in Israel, 25.
leave Jerusalem for want of support, 372.
neglected by Samuel, 79.
of Baal and Astarte in Israel, 107, 204.
provided for by Nehemiah, 382.
re-instated by Judas MaccabÆus, 473.
under Ahab, 261.
under Josiah, 294.

Priesthood reorganized by Solomon, 167.

Promises of God to David, 150 f.

Promises of God to the Patriarchs, 4 ff.

Prophecy re-awakened at Samuel's time, 73.

Prophets, characteristics of the, 15.
followers of Isaiah, 253.
helping Samuel, 76.
in Bethel, Gilgal and Jericho, 205, 234.
of the Exile, 344.
persecuted by Jehoiakim, 300.
persecuted by Manasseh, 284.
trained by Elijah, 200.

Prophets under Josiah, 286, 288 f.

Prophets, Books of the, read in the temple, 400.

Prophetess Deborah, 61.
Huldah, 286.

Prophetic spirit of God, its meaning, 14.
writings, authoritative collection of, 400.

Proselytes in Ezra's opinion, 367.
made in the exile, 338, 352, 356.

Prosperity under Gideon, 63.
Jeroboam II., 231.
Solomon, 172.

Proverbs, book of, 340.

Psalmists, 120, 279.

Penitential, 337.
in the exile, 340.

Psalms xxiv., 353.
lxxviii. 60–64, 71.
cii., 344.
cvii. 7 and 30, 355.
cxxii. 3–5, 121.
cxxvi., 352.

Ptolemies defeat Antiochus the Great, 426.
JudÆans under the, 420.

Ptolemy I., Soter, King of Egypt, 416.
II. and the rebellious JudÆans, 423.
V., Philometor, 437, 504, 506.
VI., Philopator, 425–32.
VII., Physcon, 450, 452, 506, 518.

Philadelphus and the Septuagint, 514.

Ptolemy ben Habub, kills his father-in-law, Simon, at Dok, near Jericho, 530.

Pul of Assyria invades Samaria, 246.

Pulpit oratory, origin of, 514.

Purification laws, 401.

Pydna, battle of, 453.

Rabbath-Ammon conquered by David-Joab, 128.
conquered by Judas MaccabÆus, 474.

Rab-shakeh, Sennacherib's official sent to Hezekiah, 274.

Ramah, conquered and fortified by Baasha, 191.
Samuel in, 75.

Ramoth-Gilead, conquered by Benhadad II., 205.

Razim == royal couriers, 91.

Red Sea, passage of the, 18.

Rebuilding of the temple, 356–9.

Regicides in Israel, 189, 192, 211, 243, 244, 245.

Rehoboam succeeds his father Solomon, 179.
ten tribes secede at Shechem from, 180.
treaty with Tabrimon of Damascus, 183.

Relapse into idolatry shortly after giving the decalogue, 23.

Religion in the kingdom of Judah, 188.
in the kingdom of the ten tribes, 185.

Religious reformation of the JudÆans in Babylonia, 363.
revival in Jerusalem under Joash, 217.
schools among the JudÆans, 396.

Repetition, a characteristic of Hebrew poetry, 29.

Rephaim, aborigines of Canaan, 2.

Repopulation of Jerusalem, 377.

Resurrection from the dead, 404.

Retribution, doctrine of, 404.

Return from the exile under Zerubbabel, 351.

Reuben settles in the trans-Jordanic territory (Gilead), 29.

Reuel, Moses' father-in-law, 14.

Revelation on Mount Sinai, 20.

Revelations to Samuel, 74.

Rezin of Damascus, 248, 257.
slain by Tiglath-Pileser, 259.

Rezon of Zobah, 177.

Riblah, encampment of Nebuchadnezzar at, 313.

Riblah, Necho at, 299.

Rizpah and the Gibeonites, 110.
coveted by Abner, 110.
Saul's concubine, 95.

Romans and Antiochus Epiphanes, 443 ff.
and Judas MaccabÆus, 485.
and Perseus at Pydna, 453.
and the JudÆans, 526.
defeat Antiochus the Great, 434.
support Simon, 525.
support the HasmonÆans, 490.

Ruth, book of, written against Ezra's decision on the illegality of intermarriages, 370, 411.

Sabbath, strict observance of, under Nehemiah, 386.
later observance of, 397.

Sabbatical year, 393.Sabia (Sheba), Queen of, visits Solomon, 173.

Sacrifices among the Israelites, 24, 57.
among the JudÆans, 401.
human, in Judah under Ahab, 261.

Sacrilege by Antiochus Epiphanes, 451.
Antiochus the Great and his son, 434.
Onias Menelaus, 448.

Salt sea or sea of the deep basin, 43.

Samael, the demon, 403.

Samaria, built, 193.
besieged by Benhadad III., 221 f.
capital of Coelesyria, 414.
taken by Shalmaneser, 263 f.

Samaria, Land of == kingdom of the ten tribes, 193 ff.
after Pekah's death, 262.
colonised by Esarhaddon, 285.
invaded by Pul of Assyria, 246.

Samaritans, 285, 355.
enemies of the JudÆans, 389, 410, 467.
in Alexandria oppose the JudÆans, 515.
intermarry with the JudÆans, 361.
interrupt the rebuilding of the temple, 357.
kill Andromachus, 414.
retain the Old Hebrew characters of the alphabet, 396.
temple of, on Mount Gerizim, 390.

Samson fights the Philistines, 66.

Samuel, Elkanah's son, 72.
anoints David, 96.
anoints Saul, 82, 90.
at discord with Saul, 92.
kills Agag at Gilgal, 93.
the second Moses, 72.
unites all the tribes, 77.

Samuel, First Book of, xiv. 12 and 45, 87, 89;
xv. 12–33, 93, 94;
xvii. 47, 130.

Sanballat attacks Jerusalem, 371.
hostile towards JudÆa, 369.
intrigues against Nehemiah, 375.
leader of the Samaritans, 362.
marries his daughter to Manasseh, 383, 386, 389.

Sanctuary and temple, less important after the exile, 379.
at Jerusalem, 120 f.
at Shiloh, 41, 57.
contents of, 24.
re-opened by Hezekiah, 268.

Sarepta, Elijah at, 203.

Satan, 403.

Saul abandoned by God, 93.
at discord with Samuel, 92.
defeated by the Philistines, 103.
defeats the Amalekites, 91 f.
defeats the Ammonites, 88 f.
fights the Philistines, 85.
first king in Israel, 82–105.
kills himself, 104.
meets David, 97.
persecutes David, 99 f.

Saul's character and position, 83.
election as king confirmed, 90.
jealousy and madness, 98 f.
remains brought to Zelah, 124.
severity, 88 f.

Schools of the prophets, 205, 234.
and the Sopherim, 396.

Scopas, routed by the Syrians, 433.
takes Jerusalem, 432.

Scythians, the, 287.

Secession of the ten tribes from the house of David, 181 ff.

SeleucidÆ, era of the, 417 ff.
ruling JudÆa, 432.

Seleucus, 417.
II. and Hyrcanus, 438.

Sennacherib's army destroyed, 277.
war against Egypt, 273.
war against Hezekiah, 270.

Sennacherib murdered by his sons, 280.

Septuagint, the, 512 ff.

Seraiah, the high priest, 314, 365.

Service, divine. See Worship.

Settlement of the JudÆans in Egypt, 503.
of the tribes in Canaan, 35 ff.

Seventy, Council of the, 394.
elders of Moses, 25 f.

Seyag == the fence around the law, 397.

Shallum, husband of Huldah, 293.

Shallum, King of Israel, 244.

Shallum, King of Judah, 298.

Shalmaneser takes Samaria and Tyre, 263 f.

Shamgar, 60.

Shaphan under Josiah, family of, 292.

Sharon, plain of, 45.

Shealtiel, King Jehoiachin's son, 342.

Sheba the Benjamite rebels against David, 148.
killed at Abel, 150.

Sheba, Queen of, visits Solomon, 173.

Shebna, Hezekiah's sochen, 268–71.Shechariah suggests the people's covenant against proselytes and intermarriages, 368.

Shechem, 4, 36.
capital of Jeroboam, 180.

Shechemites' feud with Abimelech, 63.

Shefelah == low country, 45.

Shemaiah, the prophet, prevents a civil war between JudÆans and Benjamites, 184.

Shiloh (Salem), ark of the covenant at, 41, 57.
at the time of the Judges, 69.
destroyed by the Philistines, 71.

Shimei executed by Solomon, 160 f.
of Bahurim reviles David, 142.
pretends enthusiasm for the returning king, 147.

Shir-ha-shirim == song of songs, 431.

Shishak of Egypt inimical to Israel, 176.
assists Jeroboam against Rehoboam, 184.

Shobi, Hanun's brother, assists David against Absalom, 144.
becomes king of the Ammonites, 129.

Shofetim == judges, 59.

Sidon, 3.

Sihon slain by the Israelites at Jahaz, 27–29.

Simeon and Judah assist the other tribes under Samuel, 76.
tribe of, merged in the tribe of Judah, 39.

Simon I. the Just and his descendants, 420.
improvements of, 421.
's children, 423.

Simon II., the high priest, 432.

Simon, the Benjamite, 437 f.

Simon, brother of Judas MaccabÆus, 459, 461, 475, 489, 498.
and Demetrius II., 521.
at the head of the nation, 500–31.
becomes high priest, 521.
defeats the Syrians, 493.
expels the Hellenists, 523.
killed by his son-in-law, 530.
quarrels with the Syrian king, 528.

Simon's coinage, 525, 528.
league with the Romans, 525.
sons defeat CendebÆus, 529.

Sinai, Mount, 20.

Sirach, Jesus, 439.

Sisera defeated by Barak and slain by Jael, 61.

Sochen == superintendent of the palace, 249, 268.

Solomon, 133–77.

Solomon, and queen of Sheba, 173–4.
anointed king during David's lifetime, 153.
author of allegorical poems, 158.
causes the murder of Adonijah and Joab, 160.
David's successor, 153.
discontent of tribes against, 174.
king over Israel, 156–78.
Solomon's buildings, 162.
children, 177.
choice of wisdom, 158.
court, 161.
death, 177.
fleet, 170.
greatness, 156.
temple, 162.
weaknesses, 157.

Song of Deborah, 61.
Moses, 293.

Song of songs, 430 f.

Songs of praise, an element in worships, 78, 120.

Songs of praise by David, 120 f.

Songs of war, the earliest Hebrew poetry, 29.

Songs of the prophets, 200, 205, 234, 253.

Sopheric age, the, 389 ff.
regulations, 395.

Sopherim and schools, 396.

Spirit, prophetic, and its meaning, 14.

Successors of Alexander the Great, 416.

Supreme Council of the JudÆans, 394.

Symmetry in Hebrew poetry, 29.

Synagogues, 401.

Syrians. See SeleucidÆ.

Tabernacles, Feast of, 380.

Tabor, Mount, 44.

Talmide Chachamim, 396.

Tamar seduced by her half-brother Amnon, 134.

Tax-collector, Joseph appointed as, 425.

Tekoa, Amos of, 235.

Tekoah, wise woman of, 136.

Temple at Jerusalem planned by David, 150.
built by Solomon, 162 ff.
cleansed and repaired by Josiah, 288, 294.
consecrated (1007 B. C.), 166.
defiled by Antiochus Epiphanes 451, 454. See also Sacrilege.

Temple rebuilt after the exile, 356–9.
re-consecrated by Judas MaccabÆus, 471.
repaired by Joash, 218.
thrown into the background after the exile, 379.

Temple of Baal in Samaria, 197.

Temple of Onias in Egypt, 508.

Temple of the Samaritans on Gerizim, 390.

Temple-mount fortified by Judas MaccabÆus, 473.

Temple-worship restored, 382.

Ten tribes, beginning of the kingdom of the, 181.
end of the kingdom of the, 265.
See also Israel.

Theodotus, a Samaritan poet, 517.

Throne-chamber of Solomon, 168–9.

Tibni and Omri, civil war between, 192.

Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria, 258.
assists Ahaz against Rezin and Pekah, 259.

Timotheus, leader of the Ammonites, 474.

Tirhakah, king of Egypt, and Sennacherib, 276.

Tirzah, capital of the kingdom of the ten tribes, 189.

Tithes for the Priests and Levites, 382.

Tobiades, 432, 435.

Tobiah expelled by Nehemiah, 385.
hostile towards JudÆa, 369, 375.
leader of the Ammonites, 362.
returns to Jerusalem, 383.

Tobias, son-in-law of Simon the Just, 423.

Torah == Law, which see

Transjordanic territory allotted to Reuben and Gad, 29.

Tribal union, 7.

Tribes, allotment of land to the, 36 ff.
discontented under Solomon, 174.
disintegration of, 37 f.
isolation of the, in Canaan, 36.
the ten, secede from Rehoboam, 181.
united by Samuel, 72.

Tryphon. See Diodotus.

Tyre == Zor, 3, 80.
besieged by Nebuchadnezzar, 306.
captured by Shalmaneser, 64.
founded by the Sidonians, 80.
in Jeroboam's II. time, 232.
taken by Alexander the Great, 412.

Tyrus, residence of Hyrcanus, 437.

Union of all the tribes under Samuel, 77.
Israel and Judah under David, 112.

Uriah, the Hittite, 131.

Uriah, the prophet, 301.

Uzziah. See Azariah.

Wanderings of the Israelites in the desert, 20.

War-songs, the earliest Hebrew poetry, 29.

Wives of Solomon, 161.

Worldly among the exiles, 339 f., 349.

Worship among the early Israelites, 5 f.
among the Egyptians, 9.
among the JudÆans, 399.
at the temple, restored by Nehemiah, 382.
centre of, at Shiloh, 41, 57.
centre of, later at Jerusalem, 120.
improved under Samuel, 78.
of Baal and Astarte by the Phoenicians, 54 f.
of Dagon by the Philistines, 55.
under David, 151 f.

Xerxes, successor of Darius, 361.

Zachariah, the high priest, stoned, 220.

Zachariah, the post-exilic prophet, 359.

Zadok, high priest in Gibeon, 120.
appointed chief high priest, 152 ff.
sides with David against Absalom, 141.

Zadok's descendants sole incumbents of the high-priesthood, 160.
deprived by Manasseh of their right and income, 284.

Zebaoth, Adonai, 130 f.

Zebulon, settlement of, 37.

Zechariah, son of Berechia, contemporary of Isaiah, 254, 259.

Zechariah, son of Jeroboam II., King of Israel, 343.Zedekiah-Mattaniah, King of Judah, 308.

Zedekiah-Mattaniah, captured by ChaldÆan soldiers, 314.
deprived of his eyesight and led to Babylon, 315.
rebels against Nebuchadnezzar, 310.

Zekenim == elders, 7.

Zephaniah the prophet, 286.

Zerubbabel, grandson of Jehoiachim, returns to Jerusalem, 351.
governor of the province of JudÆa, 352.
resigns the leadership in favor of Joshua, 360.

Ziklag assigned to David by Achish, 101.
burned by the Amalekites, 106.

Zimri of Israel, 192.

Zion, Mount, 45.
captured by David, 114 f.
Jebus (Jerusalem) situated on, 113 f.
mourners of, in the exile, 337.

Zipporah, wife of Moses, 14.

Zoar and its vicinity, 43.

Zor == Tyre, 3, 80.