1 Sir James McGrigor, Bart., Director-General.

2 The date of appointment as Assistant Surgeon, June 8, 1841. My diplomas—?L.R.C.S.E.; M.D. St. Andrews; both April, 1840.

3 7s. 6d.

4 The hammock space per man was 9 feet × 1½.

5 Solution of chloride of zinc.

6 Mr. Mechi.

7 Captain Gurwood.

8 1815.

9 Captain Astier, 62nd Regiment.

10 March 28, 1842.

11 i.e., drawn by means of ropes attached to their masts.

12 21st.

13 Namely, 26th, 49th, and 55th.

14 i.e., silk produced by the Antherea paphia, and allied species.

15 Of the 50th and 62nd Regiments; more than 100 men were lost at Seckreegullee, that being the place where the typhoon occurred.

16 Colonel Wodehouse, Major Ryan, and Captain Tew.

17 December 28 and 29, 1857.

18 On the invitation of my friend, L.C. Stewart, 39th Regiment.

19 Gates of Somnath—?carried thence, A.D. 1024, by the conqueror, Mahmood of Guznee.

20 Akbar the Great, A.D. 1556–1605.

21 Taj Mahal-Bibi ke Roza, or Crown Lady’s tomb, erected over the remains of Mumtaz Mahal, the Pride of the Palace, wife of Shah Jehan. She died in childbed of her eighth child, A.D. 1629, at Berhampore in the Deccan, whence her body was carried and buried where the Taj now stands.

22 The story of these events is concisely given in Sewell’s Analytical History of India, page 244.

23 At the time commanded by Colonel Clunie.

24 Eudynemus Orientalis.

25 Poor L.E.L.! Further memories of her will recur hereafter.

26 The words are so beautiful and pathetic that I transcribe them.

27 Dewalee—?Festival to Lakshmi, goddess of wealth and fortune.

28 Mrs. Tayler, mother of Lady Hope Grant, then a young girl in England at school.

29 37th.

30 Shere Singh, an unacknowledged son of Runjeet, “the Lion of the Punjab.”

31 Dyhan Singh, vizier of the above.

32 The Ranee Jinda, mother of Dhuleep. She was now Regent.

33 Subsequently Sikh commander at the battle of Ferozeshah, December 21, 1845.

34 Belonging to Luckimchund, at one time a Government contractor.

35 December 20, 1843.

36 Sir Hugh Gough.

37 Charley Grant Sahib, as he continued to be called many years afterwards when as a General Officer he commanded a Division.

38 Colonel Cureton now acted as Brigadier in command of the cavalry.

39 10th Bengal and 4th Irregular Cavalry.

40 Afterwards General Sir John Mitchell, G.C.B.

41 Namely, Dr. Walker of the Body Guard, Currie of 16th Lancers, and myself.

42 The strength of the opposing forces at the commencement of battle was: British, 14,000, with 40 guns; Mahrattas, 18,000, including 3,000 cavalry and 100 guns. The losses were: British, 106 killed, 648 wounded, 7 missing; total, 797. Seven officers were killed on the field or died of wounds. The Mahrattas sustained losses estimated at 3,000 to 4,000.

43 In repulsing a body of French Lancers in pursuit of a party of Scots Greys, for which, as marks of appreciation by the king, they were made Lancers and granted scarlet uniform.

44 Many years thereafter I became acquainted with Colonel Bray, who obtained his commission “without purchase” in acknowledgment of services rendered by his father and brother.

45 Jains. The origin of the sect of Buddhists so called dates from sixth or seventh century A.D., its decay in the twelfth or thirteenth.

46 The “Gwalior Contingent” so established joined the mutineers in 1857, and took prominent part in the investment of Cawnpore.

47 Under Lord Lake, September 3, 1803.

48 The festival takes place on the first day of the (Hindoo) month Baishakh, that is, commencement of the Solar year (March-April) and anniversary of the day on which the river Ganges first appeared on earth. Every twelfth year the planet Jupiter being in Aquarius, a feast of peculiar sanctity occurs; the great bathing day, or Maha Mela, coinciding with the new moon.

49 April 11.

50 Prepared from the roots of Andropogon.

51 October 16, 1844.

52 Or rather, fell into his hands as a result of his victory at Buxar.

53 That each act in this life bears its fruit in the next.

54 The attainment of a sinless state of existence.

55 Died 1805.

56 During the early wars by the East India Company the troops employed by it comprised men of various European nationalities, besides natives of the United Kingdom.

57 The officer alluded to, familiarly known as “Paddy” Graves, parodied a well-known soldiers’ song of Peninsular days after this manner:—?

58 In subsequent years large numbers of them were converted to Christianity; colonies established by them in Cachar and Assam.

59 In 1757 a stately range of two-storied barracks for “European” troops were erected at a cost of £302,278, the rupee then worth 2s. In 1834 they were abandoned on account of high rates of sickness and mortality among their occupants; average admission rate of 13 years per 1,000 strength, admissions 2,196, deaths 82. Of certain endemic diseases treated the rates of deaths to admissions were:—?fever, 1 in 21; dysentery, 1 in 10; hepatitis, 1 in 9.

60 Then sixteen years of age. His grandfather, Jaffer Ali, Wuzzeer of Suraj ood Dowlah, Nawab of Bengal, a member of the Imperial family of Delhi, whom Lord Clive defeated at Plassee in 1757. It is related that on that occasion Jaffer Ali bribed a number of Suraj ood Dowlah’s troops; with them he deserted his chief and went over to the English side. Subsequently the Nawab was assassinated, and Jaffer Ali raised to a position he had no right to claim. Thenceforward the Nawab of Moorshedabad was an “ally” of the British Government.

61 Plassee. From Palasa, “dÂk tree,” or Butea frondosa.

62 Kulnah is 164 miles from the Sandheads.

63 Now, after an interval of fifty-two years, I still am proud to call him friend. Alas! since the above was written he has passed away.

64 January 19, 1845.

65 On April 29, 1845.

66 It is related that in A.D. 455 a battle took place near this spot between the Saxons under Hengist and Horsa, and the Britons under Vertimer, the latter being victorious; that among the killed were Horsa, the Saxon, and Catigern, the brother of Vertimer. One account relates that the cromlech alluded to is that of Catigern, Horsa having been killed at Horsted near Rochester.

67 Lieutenant Graham.

68 July 15—?under command of Sir Hyde Parker.

69 Statistical Reports by Major Tulloch.

70 Regimental pay, 7s. 6d. per day; mess and band subscriptions deducted from it.

71 July 10, 1846, Staff-Surgeon, 2nd class.

72 Dating back to A.D. 1572, when, under Elizabeth, the regiment was formed out of the Trained Bands of London, its uniforms of Buff leather, whence its name, now a proud title.

73 Now, alas! while these notes are being transcribed, only one remains; namely, General Sir Frederick Francis Maude, G.C.B. Only lately did my other great friend, Deputy Surgeon-General Bostock, C.B., Q.H.S., die. While the notes are under revision, Maude has passed away.

74 When the first Europeans trading between Benin and Palmas asked where the gold and produce offered them for sale came from, the natives answered, “From JennÉ” (on the Niger, near Timbuctoo). Her name was thus given to the Gulf of Guinea, and, indirectly, to the English coin, the guinea. (Timbuctoo the Mysterious, by Felix Dubois, p. 172.)

75 Mr. Barnes, with whom I was acquainted in 1847, had been with that force in 1826.

76 From the Portuguese Fetisso, a spell, or charm.

77 From August 1, 1838, slaves became free.

78 Thespesia, acacias, including the sensitive plant, abrus, convolvuli, palms, wild figs, tamarind, etc.

79 Of the Wesleyans.

80 Some account of L.E.L. is given in my separate book, Life on the Gold Coast. I consider that the cause of her death was disease of the heart, with which she was known to have been affected several years.

81 Still called “Napoleon.”

82 Under the title of Contributions to Ornithology.

83 Commander, afterwards Sir W. Winniett, R.N. He died on the Coast.

84 Captain Losack.

85 Lieutenant Bingham. He lost his health during the expedition, and shortly thereafter died in England.

86 C. Swaine.

87 The brig Governor Maclean.

88 Messrs. Brodie Cruickshank and Frank Swanzy.

89 Quako Acko by name.

90 Slave-ships captured by British men-of-war were taken to Sierra Leone, their cargoes there transferred to the establishment so-named.

91 On June 22, 1848.

92 Coccoloba uvifera.

93 Sorghum vulgare.

94 With my friend J.A. Bostock.

95 General Sir Henry King, K.C.B.

96 December 22, 1848.

97 January 13, 1849.

98 February 21.

99 Out of 570 officers and men who went into action at Albuhera, the commanding officer, 22 other officers, and more than 200 men were placed hors de combat. The “dead were found lying as they fought in ranks; every wound was in front.”

100 Davenish.

101 Dedicated to St. Molash, who died A.D. 563.

102 The manufacture of Beleek ware was then a thing of the future.

103 See Illustrated London News, October 12, 1849.

104 The ceremony solemnized by the Rev. J.A. Grant, of Nairn.

105 Major and Mrs. Shadforth.

106 Another statement is that his birth took place in Upper Merrion Street, Dublin; his baptism in St. Peter’s Church.

107 That was in 1850.

108 Parliament, June, 1845.

109 August 31, 1850.

110 London Gazette, August 12, 1850.

111 Born on April 12, 1851.

112 Killed at Inkerman.

113 London Gazette, May 23, 1851.

114 41° S.

115 On the twenty-second day of our river journey.

116 Afterwards Sir Hector.

117 “Cawnpore devils.”

118 Jehangir, A.D. 1605–1627.

119 January 28, 1846.

120 February 10, 1846. Punjab annexed, by Proclamation, March 29, 1849.

121 February 20, 1849.

122 Chenab-Acesines.

123 Composed of roots of the scented grass Andropogon muricatum.

124 Jacob.

125 The young man may be indicated by his initials, J.C.G.

126 In a soldier of the 14th Hussars at Meerut.

127 Dr. Henderson.

128 Eugenie de Montijo, Comtess de TÉba.

129 Indicating bite by Bungarus (Krite).

130 These lectures were given respectively by the Chaplain (Rev. Cave Browne), Engineer Officer (Captain Davidson), and myself.

131 The Honourable Thomas Ashburnham.

132 Sir Charles Napier.

133 Published in 1897. Vol. ii., p. 418.

134 Mr. Sapte, long since passed away to the majority.

135 The Hydaspes of the ancients.

136 On September 1, 1853.

137 Telegraphic communication did not then exist.

138 Peshora Singh was drowned in the Indus.

139 Mr. Thornton.

140 Captain, afterwards General Sir William Payne, K.C.B.

141 Lithotomy.

142 On November 15, 1853; arrived on 23rd.

143 A.D. 1605–1627.

144 Sir James Tennant, K.C.B.

145 Called by the natives “Bijlee ke dÂk,” or “Lightning Mail.”

146 Baptized on April 24, 1854.

147 By orders dated Horse Guards, October 7, 1854.

148 November 5, 1854.

149 Namely, 22nd, 96th, and 98th Regiments, 10th Hussars, and 12th Lancers.

150 Bhaugulpore Hill Rangers.

151 Together with 8th and 40th N.I., mutinied at Dinapore in 1857.

152 Delhi Gazette.

153 Colonel Blachford, 24th Regiment.

154 Of 8s. per day.

155 A son born on March 14, 1857.

156 The Palmyra.

157 Entomology, Kirby and Spence.

158 The 43rd Light Infantry.

159 Hosea xiii. 16.

160 Buckra-eed. In commemoration of the sacrifice by Abraham, according to the Koran, of Ishmael, child of his bondswoman.

161 Names of these and other victims to be mentioned are in my possession.

162 Five officers died in one day.

163 A detachment of 5th Fusiliers.

164 August 18.

165 Lloyd.

166 Out of fifteen officers, twelve were killed or wounded.

167 Mohurrum. The first ten days of the Mahomedan New Year are dedicated to the festival so called.

168 8th.

169 21st and 27th.

170 At Meean Meer the ball by the 81st Regiment took place on May 12.

171 July 30.

172 Phoenix, September 28, 1857.

173 Of September 3, 1857.

174 Native swords.

175 Calcutta Englishman, October 15, 1857.

176 At Manduri, ten miles from that station.

177 On September 21, 1857.

178 On September 25, 1857.

179 From Deoghur.

180 Forty years thereafter,—?namely, in 1897,—?Lord Roberts, bearing in mind the events of 1857, writes:—?In reply to the question, “Is there any chance of a mutiny occurring again?” With reference to that question he, remarks after this manner: “I would say that the best way of guarding against such a calamity is—?By never allowing the present proportion of British to native soldiers to be diminished or the discipline and efficiency of the native army to become slack.

“By taking care that men are selected for the higher civil and military posts whose self-reliance, activity, and resolution are not impaired by age, and who possess a knowledge of the country and the habits of the peoples.

“By recognising and guarding against the dogmatism of theorists and the dangers of centralization.

“By rendering our administration on the one hand firm and strong, on the other hand tolerant and sympathetic; and last, but not least, by doing all in our power to gain the confidence of the various races, and by convincing them that we have not only the determination, but the ability to maintain our supremacy in India against all assailants.

“If these cardinal points are never lost sight of, there is, I believe, little chance of any fresh outbreak disturbing the stability of our rule in India, or neutralizing our efforts to render that country prosperous, contented, and thoroughly loyal to the British Crown.” (Vol. I., p. 449.)

181 Of November 5, 1857.

182 Our force consisted of the 10th, 20th, and 97th British regiments; six battalions of Nepaulese troops, under the command of General Pulwan Singh; two Field Batteries, and some thirty to forty mounted men of the 10th. By virtue of seniority I assumed medical charge.

183 Under Captain Bartholomew.

184 For his gallantry in the attack mentioned he was awarded the Victoria Cross.

185 The Moulvie of Fyzabad, known by the name of Ahmed Alee Shah (also called Ahmed Oola Shah), was a native of Arcot, in the Madras Presidency. He was said to understand English and to have been a man of acumen and boldness. He was ultimately killed at Powayne.

186 Mrs. Orr and Miss Jackson.

187 Sir Hope Grant, K.C.B.

188 It comprised 10th, 34th, and 84th Regiments, 1,700 Sikh cavalry, a portion of military train as cavalry, and three batteries of artillery. I was principal medical officer, also in charge of the Staff, in addition to my regimental duties.

189 William Fenwick, than whom a more upright man could not be named.

190 Of that wound Koer Singh soon thereafter died. The command of his forces then fell to Umeer Singh.

191 Here we received Government General Orders relating to the late Jounpore Field Force, my name in the list of those “mentioned.”

192 Captured by myself and duly handed over.

193 Comprising 10th Foot, Military Train Madras Artillery, Madras Rifles.

194 An honourable man, considerate and straightforward in official as in private relations, he had effected much during the time he held command to restore to their normal state things already alluded to.

195 Government General Orders, dated Allahabad, June 16, 1858.

196 Namely, Juggernath Singh, Rajah of Powayne, a man who, in the early days of the mutiny, had acted in a very unfeeling manner towards such fugitives as fell into his hands.

197 Of October 1, 1858.

198 Friend of India, December 2, 1858.

199 Afterwards noticed in Chambers’ History of the Revolt, page 607.

200 Naval and Military Gazette, January 8, 1859.

201 Colossians iii. 15: “And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to the which also ye are called in one body; and be ye thankful.”

202 Root of Orchis mascula.

203 July 24.

204 The 10th Regiment was composed of the following, according to religious denomination; namely, Episcopalians, 29 officers and 236 men; Presbyterians, 8 and 28; Roman Catholics, 5 and 301. It may be taken as an example of an “English” regiment.

205 Of their number a few enlisted into the 10th, and soon attempted to disseminate their particular doctrines. But Barrack-room Courts-Martial and sharp punishments—?by means of belts—?quickly convinced them that they were—?so much matter in the wrong place.

206 5th and 6th Madras.

207 London Gazette, May 14, 1859.

208 Mr. (afterwards Sir Albert) Woods.

209 I was the first regimental surgeon invested by Her Majesty with the Cross of the Bath.

210 March 14.

211 Namely, that of Surgeon-Major.

212 January 4, 1812.

213 Exodus ii. 5, 6; see also Josephus.

214 The Alma.

215 Lat. 1° N.

216 In 1841 the island of Hong-Kong, considered by the Chinese as “only a barren rock,” was ceded to the British. Within the short period of nineteen years, the surprising transformation above indicated took place.

217 The date of my rank as Deputy Inspector-General, May 11, 1860.

218 Wingrove Cook.

219 Captured by the British, February 25, 1842.

220 In the early part of 1894 hundreds of these boats were destroyed by fire.

221 Phoong quei, or wind-box.

222 In 1841, a brother of Mr. Bowlby was appointed to the Army Medical Department, and ordered to the West Indies. From the first, he expressed a foreboding of death by yellow fever, an event which happened shortly after his arrival there. Nor is his a singular instance of the same kind; several have been met with in India.

223 In the official position of P.M.O.

224 Chiefly the Taipings.

225 That is, the Treaty of Tientsin, dated 1858, was ratified, and, together with a Convention of Peace, signed by Lord Elgin and Prince Kung.

226 Chiefly privet (Ligusticum) and lycium. Among the representatives of British plants were the dock, dandelion, and ivy-leaved veronica.

227 On December 16.

228 Dr. Galbraith.

229 Messrs. Dent.

230 Copychus saularis.

231 Colonel Muter.

232 On February 9.

233 Details are given in my book China from a Medical Point of View, p. 437.

234 Zysiphus jujuba.

235 Holothuria.

236 Mr. Blodgett.

237 9th. Cypsilis affinis.

238 On March 22, 1861.

239 Hienfung.

240 Ezekiel xxvii. 23; xxix. 19.

241 The same that now stands on the Thames Embankment.

242 The Trent.

243 At the former HÔtel de Lille et d’Albion, now HÔtel St. James.

244 Something like its counterpart exists at Carrick-a-reed, near the Giant’s Causeway, Ireland.

245 Receiving a monthly allowance of 300 Rs.

246 Named after Mahomed ibn Abd-el Wahab, born 1691; a puritanical sect of Mahomedans.

247 Subsequently destroyed by the Kerseage, off Cherbourg.

248 Mr. Eddis, of Hazalabut.

249 At the time of his death sixteen sons of Dost Mahomed (Mahomed Akbar and Ghulam Hyder, the two heirs-designate in succession, died before their father) were alive, of whom the following are named in relation to the events above alluded to, namely: (1) Mahomed Afzul Khan; (2) Mahomed Azim Khan: these by a wife not of Royal blood. (3) Sheer Ali Khan; (4) Mahomed Amir Khan; (5) Mahomed Sharif Khan: these by a favourite Popalzai wife. (6) Wali Mahomed Khan; (7) Faiz Mahomed Khan: these by a third wife. Afzul Khan had a son Abdur Raman Khan, the present Amir of Affghanistan, and Sheer Ali had five sons—?Ali Khan, Yakub Khan, Ibrahim Khan, Ayub Khan, and Abdul Jan.

250 See Forty-one Years in India, by Lord Roberts, vol. ii., pp. 41–43.

251 Referred to B.C. 1400—?about.

252 Chiefly of SÂl. Vateria, interspersed with Bauhinia.

253 Eudynemus.

254 The Jain sect deny the divine origin and infallibility of the Vedas. It dates from the sixth or seventh century A.D.; culminated in the eleventh, and declined in the twelfth.

255 See India in Greece, by Pocock.

256 Under command of Sir Henry Tombs.

257 My wife and Miss Dickson with me.

258 So do some of the tribes in the Himalayahs. So did the ancient Spartans.

259 A severe epidemic of cholera among the British troops.

260 The son of Mr. Davis became Governor of Hong-Kong, and author of an extremely interesting history of China.

261 St. Luke xviii. 16.

262 George Dickson.

263 B.C. 1400–1200.

264 B.C. 286–247.

265 Believed to have been brought from Babylon.

266 Numbers xxxiii. 8; Exodus xv. 25. See also The Bible and Modern Discovery, p. 89.

267 Antiquities of the Jews, Book III. chap. i. sec. 2.

268 Referred to the period of the XXVIth Dynasty, B.C. 666–528.

269 Of England.

270 Dr. Maunsell.

271 Journal of the Geological Society, vol. x.

272 The Army Medical Society.

273 Leach, 46th Regiment; O’Leary, Royal Artillery.

274 At Saarbruck.

275 Of the 10th Infantry, corresponding to my old regiment.

276 In reality 80,000 men prisoners, and 200 guns lost.

277 The Resolution on the subject was proposed in the Corps Legislatif by M. Jules Favre.

278 According to Regulations at that time in force, conscripts and volunteers for the line, having served therein seven years, or on attaining the age of twenty-nine years, passed thence to the Garde Mobile; over that age they pass into the Garde Nationale. A soldier of the line engages in the first instance for the term of seven years; he may at its expiration re-engage for other seven or fourteen years. At the end of twenty-five years in the service he becomes entitled to a pension equal in amount to ninepence per day.

279 Five milliards of Francs; equal to two hundred millions of pounds sterling.

280 Red Cross badge worn on the arm.

281 Of the Mobiles billeted in the hotel where I resided, some re-entered quietly smoking their pipes or cheroots. One of them remarked that he had fired three shots against the enemy; but as his companions bolted, he did not see the fun, as he expressed it, of remaining to be killed.

282 The object of the demonstration was to demand that municipal elections should be immediately proceeded with.

283 La Cloche.

284 Mr. Whitehurst, of the Daily Telegraph, and myself.

285 The following form is that of letters permitted to be so dispatched:—?