Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 3 of 3 / I. AgorE: Polities of the Homeric Age. II. Ilios: Trojans and Greeks Compared. III. Thalassa: The Outer Geography. IV. Aoidos: Some Points of the Poetry of Homer.

FOOTNOTES

W. E. Gladstone

[1] Page xvii.

[2] Merope; by Matthew Arnold, pp. 94, 135.

[3] Il. iv. 160-82.

[4] Grote’s Hist. Greece, vol. ii. p. 83.

[5] Ibid. p. 84.

[6] Ibid. p. 102.

[7] Ibid. p. 101.

[8] Ibid. p. 86.

[9] Ibid. pp. 90, 102.

[10] Ibid. p. 92.

[11] Ibid. p. 95.

[12] Grote’s Hist. Greece, vol. ii. pp. 94, 96.

[13] Ibid. p. 105.

[14] Ar. Eth. Nic. i. 2.

[15] Thuc. i. 13.

[16] Ar. Pol. III. xiv. xv. V. x.

[17] Il. ix. 297.

[18] Il. i. 186.

[19] Il. ix. 392.

[20] Od. xiii. 265.

[21] Il. xi. 709, 39, 50.

[22] Il. xiii. 685-700.

[23] Il. xiii. 701-8.

[24] Il. ix. 381.

[25] Il. v. 707-10.

[26] Thuc. i. 2.

[27] B. xii. 8, 4. p. 572.

[28] Od. viii. 391. vi. 54.

[29] Od. i. 394.

[30] Ibid. 386.

[31] Od. xvii. 416.

[32] Od. xxiv. 179.

[33] Od. xxii. 136.

[34] See inf. ‘Ilios.’

[35] Il. vii. 469.

[36] Il. vi. 395-7. 425.

[37] There is a nexus of ideas attached to these towns that excites suspicion. It would have been in keeping with the character of Agamemnon to offer them to Achilles, on account of his having already found he could not control them himself. No one of them appears in the Catalogue. Nor do we hear of them in the Nineteenth Book, when the gifts are accepted. It seems, however, just possible that the promise by Menelaus of the hand of his daughter Hermione to Neoptolemus may have been an acquittance of a residue of debt standing over from the original offer of Agamemnon, out of which the seven towns appear to have dropped by consent of all parties.

[38] Il. xi. 20.

[39] Il. xxiii. 296.

[40] Od. ii. 324, 331, et alibi. The epithet is, I think, exactly rendered by another word very difficult to translate into English, the Italian prepotenti.

[41] I need hardly express my dissent from the account given of the as??e?? and ??a? in the note on Grote’s History of Greece, vol. II. p. 84. There is no race in Troas called as??e?tat??. Every as??e?? was an ??a?; but many an ??a? was not a as??e??. It is true that an ??a? might be ??a? either of freemen or of slaves; but so he might of houses (Od. i. 397), of fishes (Il. xiii. 28), or of dogs (Od. xvii. 318).

[42] Il. xvi. 386.

[43] Od. i. 391-3.

[44] Il. ix. 155.

[45] Od. ii. 230-4.

[46] Od. v. 8-12.

[47] Od. xviii. 83-6 and 114.

[48] Od. xxi. 308.

[49] Od. xx. 382, 3.

[50] Hesiod ???. i. 39. 258. cf. 262.

[51] Il. xviii. 556.

[52] Hes. Theog. 80-97.

[53] Thuc. i. 13.

[54] Il. i. 231.

[55] Il. iii. 179.

[56] Od. ii. 47.

[57] Hesiod. ???. 17-24.

[58] The title is stated to have been applied in Attica even to the decennial archons. Tittmann, Griechische Staatsverfassungen, b. ii. p. 70.

[59] Il. ii. 205.

[60] Il. ii. 101.

[61] Il. ix. 334.

[62] Il. ii. 53 et alibi.

[63] Il. xix. 309. ii. 86.

[64] Il. ii. 487, 493. xx. 303.

[65] Il. ii. 404, and vii. 327. On the force of ?a?a?a???, see AchÆis, or Ethnology, p. 420.

[66] Il. ii. 188.

[67] Il. vii. 167-70.

[68] Il. x. 175, connected with 195.

[69] Il. x. 196, 7.

[70] Il. ix. 607.

[71] Il. ii. 736, 7. vii. 167. xi. 819.

[72] Il. xvii. 51. ii. 673.

[73] Il. xxiv. 631.

[74] Il. ii. 674. Od. xvi. 175. Il. iii. 224, 169, 226, and Od. xi. 469.

[75] Hist. vol. ii. p. 87.

[76] Il. xvii. 225.

[77] Il. ix. 394.

[78] Il. xvii. 520. Od. xii. 83.

[79] Il. ii. 660.

[80] Nor is it applied in the Odyssey to any bodies more numerous than the thirteen ‘kings’ of Scheria, Od. v. 378; and to them in the character of kings.

[81] Od. i. 386.

[82] Il. xxiii. 653.

[83] Il. x. 352.

[84] Il. xxiii. 750.

[85] Il. xxiii. 670.

[86] Il. ix. 186.

[87] Od. xviii. 366-75.

[88] Od. xix. 500-2.

[89] In Od. xxii. 417, he applies to Euryclea for the information, which he had before declined. This is after the trial of the Bow: the other was before it was proposed, and when the Chief probably reckoned on having himself more time for observation than proved to be the case.

[90] Il. i. 334.

[91] Il. ix. 197.

[92] Il. xxiv. 486.

[93] Od. ii. 33, 5.

[94] Od. viii. 159. and seqq.

[95] Il. iv. 231 and seqq.

[96] Od. i. 40.

[97] Il. x. 32.

[98] ? t?? ?e?e? pat????? ?st??, Od. i. 387.

[99] Od. i. 396. ii. 182.

[100] Od. i. 396.

[101] Od. ii. 82.

[102] Od. xi. 254, 6.

[103] Od. xi. 281.

[104] Od. iii. 36.

[105] Od. iii. 402. Il. vi. 242-50.

[106] Od. iii. 439-46 and 454.

[107] Il. xv. 204-7.

[108] Od. xiii. 141.

[109] Od. xiv. 74. 94.

[110] Il. xviii. 498.

[111] Il. ii. 204.

[112] Il. i. 237.

[113] Il. ix. 98.

[114] Il. xviii. 506.

[115] Il. xvi. 386.

[116] Il. iii. 179.

[117] Il. vi. 207.

[118] Od. xiv. 98.

[119] Il. xii. 310-28.

[120] Gen. xliii. 11.

[121] Il. vii. 467-75.

[122] Od. vii. 8-11.

[123] Il. xviii. 508.

[124] Od. xvii. 68.

[125] Il. vii. 313.

[126] Il. ix. 70.

[127] Ibid. 73.

[128] Od. vii. 49, 108.

[129] Il. ix. 155.

[130] Il. x. 239.

[131] Thuc. i. 9.

[132] Od. iv. 584.

[133] Od. ix. 263.

[134] Il. ii. 303-7. 339-41.

[135] Ibid. 308, 322.

[136] Il. iv. 169-72.

[137] Od. vii. 77.

[138] Il. ix. 356-63, 417-20.

[139] Il. iv. 415-8.

[140] Il. i. 117.

[141] Il. vi. 45-62.

[142] Il. iv. 473-9.

[143] Il. ix. 459.

[144] Il. xxii. 485. Od. xxiv. 434.

[145] Od. xi. 85.

[146] Od. iv. 10-12.

[147] Od. xvii. 383.

[148] Il. vi. 314.

[149] Od. iii. 267.

[150] Od. xvii. 263. xxiv. 439.

[151] Od. xix. 135.

[152] Od. viii. 161.

[153] Od. i. 183.

[154] Od. xxiv.

[155] Hist. Greece ii. p. 84.

[156] Od. xvi. 248, 253, also da?t???, Od. i. 141. There were likewise in Scheria nine a?s???ta?, who made arrangements for the dance. These were public officers (d????) and may fairly be rendered ‘masters of the ceremonies.’ (Od. viii. 258.)

[157] Od. xiv. 449-52.

[158] Od. xxiv. 498.

[159] Od. xvii. 320-3.

[160] Od. xi. 489-91.

[161] Od. xiii. 223.

[162] Il. i. 321.

[163] Il. xxiv. 396-400.

[164] Od. ii. 17.

[165] Ibid. 474.

[166] Od. xxiv. 387. 497.

[167] Il. ii. 110.

[168] Od. xiv. 222.

[169] Il. ix. 70-73, 330-3. i. 121.

[170] Il. xi. 100, 110.

[171] Od. xiv. 96-104.

[172] The gods, Il. i. 599 et alibi. The rich man, Il. xi. 68. Od. i. 217. The happy man, Od. vi. 158. xi. 482. Il. iii. 182. xxiv. 377.

[173] Il. vi. 236.

[174] Il. ii. 448, 9.

[175] Il. xxiii. 702-5.

[176] Il. xxi. 79.

[177] Od. xxii. 57-9.

[178] Agam. 37.

[179] Il. xxiii. 740-51.

[180] Pol. iii. 14. 5.

[181] Vid. AchÆis or Ethnology, p. 574.

[182] Even the instance, in Il. xiii. 211, of a nameless person who had simply been wounded is a rare, if not indeed the single, exception.

[183] Il. xiii. 685.

[184] Il. ii. 333.

[185] Il. xviii. 509, 13, 20.

[186] Il. i. 226.

[187] Il. xiii. 276-86.

[188] Od. iv. 277-88.

[189] Il. xxiii. 791.

[190] Il. ii. 408-9.

[191] Il. ix. 10. 89.

[192] Il. x. 195.

[193] Il. i. 54. xix. 41.

[194] Il. vii. 344, 382.

[195] Il. iii. 146-53.

[196] Il. xviii. 506.

[197] Od. ii. 14.

[198] Od. xxi. 21.

[199] Il. iv. 329-63.

[200] Ibid. 385-418.

[201] Il. ix. 37.

[202] Cf. Od. xi. 512.

[203] Hist. of Greece, vol. ii. 95, 97.

[204] Grote ii. 104.

[205] Il. ix. 30.

[206] Ibid. 50.

[207] Il. ix. 79.

[208] Ibid. 97.

[209] Il. xix. 182.

[210] Grote’s Hist. vol. ii. pp. 90, 2.

[211] He uses the epithet for battle in Il. iv. 225, 6. 124, 7. 113, 8. 448, 12. 325, 13. 270, 14. 155, and 24. 391.

[212] Il. ix. 438-43.

[213] Od. ii. 150.

[214] Od. viii. 170-3.

[215] Od. viii. 166-85.

[216] Il. ii. 212.

[217] Od. iii. 23, 124.

[218] Il. iii. 213.

[219] Il. iii. 150.

[220] Il. i. 248.

[221] Il. iii. 216, 23.

[222] Il. xi. 122-42.

[223] Od. xxii. 310-25.

[224] The version of Voss is very accurate, but, I think, lifeless. The version of Cowper is at this point not satisfactory: he weakens, by exaggerating, the delicate expression e???:

Look thou forth at early dawn,

And, if such spectacle delight thee aught,

Thou shalt behold me cleaving with my prows, &c.

The version of Pope simply omits the line!

Tomorrow we the favouring gods implore:

Then shall you see our parting vessels crowned,

And hear with oars the Hellespont resound.

[225] Il. ix. 340.

[226] Il. i. 106-244.

[227] Il. ix. 387.

[228] Il. i. 127.

[229] ii. 227.

[230] Il. i. 121-9.

[231] Ibid. 149-71.

[232] Ibid. 225.

[233] Ibid. 231.

[234] Ibid. 239.

[235] Il. ii. 213.

[236] f?????. See Buttmann, Liddell and Scott. Commonly rendered ‘squinting.’

[237] Il. ii. 214-19.

[238] Ibid. 275, 220.

[239] Il. ix. 198.

[240] In 237 he appears to follow what Achilles had said i. 170.

[241] Il. ii. 241, 2.

[242] Il. ii. 229-31.

[243] xxi. 40, 79. xxii. 44.

[244] 246-56.

[245] Grote’s Hist. Greece, vol. ii. 95, 6.

[246] Ibid. pp. 96, 98.

[247] Il. ii. 198.

[248] Ibid. 190, 200.

[249] vv. 271-8.

[250] Il. ii. 270.

[251] Il. xviii. 502.

[252] Il. vii. 381.

[253] Sup. p. 100.

[254] Od. iii. 139.

[255] Od. ii. 212.

[256] Od. ii. 239-41.

[257] Griech. Staatsv. b. ii. p. 57.

[258] Od. ii. 257. Il. i. 305.

[259] Od. vii. 151.

[260] Od. vii. 189-94, 317.

[261] Od. viii. 7-15.

[262] The number deserves remark. Fifty, as we know from the Catalogue, was a regular ship’s crew of rowers. What were the two? Probably a commander, and a steersman. The dual is used in both the places where the numbers are mentioned (?????s???, ver. 36, ???????te, 48, ?t??, 49). There are other passages where the dual extends beyond the number two, to three and four. See Nitzsch, in loc. But the use of it here with so large a number is remarkable, and may be best explained by supposing that it refers to the d??, who were the principal men of the crew, and that the fifty are not regarded as forming part of the subject of the verb. If this be so, the passage shows us in a very simple form the rudimentary nautical order of the Greek ships.

[263] Od. viii. 38.

[264] Od. viii. 158-64.

[265] Od. viii. 157.

[266] Probably the strictly proper name of the Assembly, as distinguished from the place of meeting, is ?????? or pa??????? (as Od. iii. 131), but the name common to the two prevails.

[267] Od. xxiv. 463.

[268] Od. xxiv. 546.

[269] Besides all the particulars which have been cited, we have incidental notices scattered about the poems, which tend exactly in the same direction. For example, when Chryses prays for the restitution of his daughter, his petition is addressed principally to the two AtridÆ, but it is likewise addressed to the whole body of ??a??? (Il. i. 15), that is, either to the entire army, or at any rate to all the kings; or, to all the members of the AchÆan race. This we may compare with the application of the prayer of Ulysses in Scheria to the king and people.

[270] Il. viii. 28, 9. ix. 430, 1.

[271] Il. viii. 38-40.

[272] Il. i. 5.

[273] Il. iv. 17-19.

[274] Od. ii. 68, 9.

[275] Il. xviii. 497.

[276] Il. xi. 807.

[277] Od. ix. 112-15.

[278] Tittmann Griech. Staatsv. b. ii. p. 56.

[279] Il. ix. 404.

[280] AchÆis, or Ethnology, sect. ix. p. 496.

[281] Il. viii. 47, 8.

[282] Il. iii. 298.

[283] Il. iv. 48.

[284] Il. xxi. 442 seqq. vii. 459. xii. 17.

[285] Olympus, sect. iii. p. 197.

[286] Il. vi. 298-300. 305-10.

[287] Il. v. 446.

[288] Il i. 37-9.

[289] Il. vii. 540. xiii. 827.

[290] Il. i. 457.

[291] Il. v. 49.

[292] Il. v. 421-5. 348-51. iii. 405-9.

[293] Il. v. 9. and 20-4.

[294] Il. xiv. 490.

[295] Il. iii. 103. 116.

[296] Il. xviii. 239.

[297] Il. xxiv. 234-5.

[298] Il. vi. 289-92.

[299] Herod. ii. 50.

[300] DÖllinger Heid. u. Jud. VI. iii. p. 411.

[301] Rhea (??a) shows us the fourth and cosmogonic side of the same conception.

[302] Olympus, sect. iii. p. 234.

[303] Il. xiv. 490.

[304] Il. xxiv. 194.

[305] Olympus, sect. v.

[306] Il. xxiv. 347, 355, 358-60.

[307] Il. v. 77.

[308] Il. ix. 575.

[309] Od. xv. 223 and seqq.

[310] Il. xxi. 331 and seqq.

[311] Il. xx. 7.

[312] Il. xxi. 130-2.

[313] Il. iv. 474, 488.

[314] Il. v. 49.

[315] Od. v. 445.

[316] Il. xxiii. 144.

[317] Il. xi. 728.

[318] Il. xx. 221.

[319] Il. iii. 147-9. xv. 525-7.

[320] Il. xiv. 271. xv. 37.

[321] Il. 2. 751-5.

[322] Compare Il. iii. 276. xix. 258.

[323] Il. xx. 74.

[324] Il. xxi. 308.

[325] Od. xiii. 356.

[326] Od. xiii. 103.

[327] Ibid. 96.

[328] Od. xvii. 208-11.

[329] Il. vi. 21.

[330] Il. xiv. 444.

[331] Il. xx. 384.

[332] Il. xxii. 435. xxiv. 209.

[333] Il. ix. 559.

[334] Il. xix. 90-133.

[335] Il. xxiv. 602-17.

[336] Od. xx. 66.

[337] Od. xxi. 295-304.

[338] Il. v. 697, and vii. 60.

[339] Il. xxiv. 220.

[340] Il. xxiv. 223, 194.

[341] Sup. p. 155.

[342] Il. vi. 422. xxii. 482.

[343] Od. ix. 65.

[344] Od. xi. 51.

[345] Il. iii. 276.

[346] Il. xix. 258.

[347] Il. xiv. 271-4, 278, 9.

[348] Il. xv. 36-40.

[349] Od. v. 184.

[350] Il. iii 264-75.

[351] Wordsworth’s Excursion, b. iv.

[352] Il. xxii. 171.

[353] Il. ix. 404. Ld. Aberdeen’s Essay, p. 86.

[354] Od. xii. 345.

[355] Od. vi. 10; vii. 56.

[356] Il. i. 39.

[357] In loc.

[358] Terpstra, c. iii. 4.

[359] Il. xi. 807, 8.

[360] Od. iii. 438. xii. 347.

[361] Od. xv. 224 et seqq.

[362] Od. xi. 150.

[363] Od. xxii. 310-29. xxi. 144.

[364] Od. ix. 197-201.

[365] Il. xxiv. 221.

[366] Il. xvi. 235.

[367] Il. ii. 400.

[368] Il. xi. 807, 8.

[369] Od. xvii. 384-6.

[370] Il. ix. 535.

[371] Legg. vi. 7.

[372] Il. i. 28.

[373] Il. i. 62.

[374] Il. i. 15.

[375] Il. xvi. 235.

[376] Od. ix. 205.

[377] DÖllinger, Heid. u. Jud. iv. 1.

[378] Plat. Legg. vi. 7. (ii. 759.)

[379] Il. i. 62.

[380] Il. xxiv. 22.

[381] Il. i. 23.

[382] Il. v. 9.

[383] Ibid. 76.

[384] Il. i. 11.

[385] Od. xxii. 322.

[386] Il. vi. 298.

[387] Il. xvi. 604.

[388] Il. xxiv. 221.

[389] Od. ix. 196-9.

[390] Ibid. 199-201.

[391] Il. i. 458, 462.

[392] Od. ix. 205.

[393] Il. v. 9, 78.

[394] Il. xxii. 170. xxiv. 168.

[395] Il. xx. 298.

[396] Il. iv. 48.

[397] Od. i. 61.

[398] Il. ix. 523.

[399] Od. iii. 131.

[400] Ibid. 164.

[401] Ibid. 135.

[402] Il. vii. 450.

[403] Ibid. 459.

[404] Il. xii. 3, 9.

[405] Acts xvii. 22.

[406] Il. iii. 451-4.

[407] Il. iv. 220.

[408] Il. iii. 444.

[409] See inf. Aoidos, sect. vi.

[410] Il. ii. 589.

[411] DÜntzer, pp. 9-16. Fragm. iv. xi. xv.

[412] Il. vi. 352.

[413] Il. iii. 428-36, and vi. 351.

[414] Il. vi. 356.

[415] Il. iii. 453.

[416] Il. vii. 354-64, and xi. 123.

[417] Il. iii. 46-53.

[418] Ibid. 68-75.

[419] Ibid. 351-4.

[420] Il. ii. 588-90.

[421] Il. xiii. 620-7.

[422] Od. xxi. 146. xxiii. 67. xiii. 193. xxii. 64. See Olympus, sect. ii. p. 162.

[423] Od. xiii. 258 et seqq.

[424] See Il. iii. 139. Od. iv. 259-61.

[425] Il. iii. 354.

[426] Vid. Od. xxi. 22-30.

[427] Il. iii. 46-57.

[428] Il. iii. 57.

[429] Greek Lit. vol. i. p. 339.

[430] Il. v. 269.

[431] Il. iii. 105.

[432] Il. xi. 139.

[433] Il. xxiv. 30.

[434] Sup. p. 162.

[435] Od. v. 121.

[436] Od. xi. 572.

[437] Od. v. 128.

[438] Il. iii. 154-60.

[439] Od. xviii. 160-212.

[440] Lit. Greece, vol. i. p. 341 and seqq.

[441] Il. xxiv. 493-7.

[442] Il. vi. 248.

[443] See particularly vi. 87 and seqq. 364 and seqq.

[444] Possibly one of these is ?????, illegitimate: for they are together in the same chariot, as Antiphus and Isus were. One of the two would be the charioteer; who was commonly, though not always, an inferior.

[445] Il. xxii. 51, 3.

[446] Il. xx. 407. xxi. 79, 95.

[447] Il. xxi. 88.

[448] Il. v. 71.

[449] Il. vii. 298. xi. 224.

[450] Tac. Germ. c. 18.

[451] Od. i. 35.

[452] Od. xxii. 37.

[453] Il. xxii. 370.

[454] Il. xxiv. 632.

[455] Il. xii. 94. and Od. iv. 276. See also the case of Euphorbus, Il. xvii. 51.

[456] The sense of ???st?? in Homer, though emphatic, is not absolute.

[457] Il. iii. 106.

[458] See Il. v. 482.

[459] Il. xii. 319.

[460] Il. vi. 207.

[461] Il. vi. 193.

[462] On the ??a? ??d???, see AchÆis, sect. ix.

[463] xx. 180.

[464] Idyll. xv. 139.

[465] Il. xxiv. 496. vi. 252.

[466] Il. xx. 240.

[467] Il. xxii. 56, 433, 507. xxiv. 29.

[468] Il. vi. 402, and xxii. 506.

[469] Il. vi. 477.

[470] Il. vi. 313, 317, 370.

[471] Ibid. 242-50.

[472] Il. xxiv. 765.

[473] Il. vi. 426-8.

[474] Il. xxii. 363.

[475] Il. xxiv. 725.

[476] Possibly Horace meant to convey this opinion in the words Quid Paris? ut salvus regnet, vivatque beatus, Cogi posse negat. Epist. I. ii. 10.

[477] AchÆis, sect. ix. p. 492.

[478] One only of the epithets of the word Ilios seems to point out that it may too mean the district. It is e?p????, used Il. v. 551, and in four other places.

[479] Il. xx. 230.

[480] Ibid. 189.

[481] Il. ii. 815. So likewise Il. vi. 111. xiii. 755. xvii. 14. xviii. 229.

[482] Ver. 816.

[483] Ver. 819.

[484] Ver. 824-6.

[485] Ver. 828.

[486] ii. 681.

[487] Il. xxiv. 543-5.

[488] Il. xv. 548.

[489] Il. iv. 99.

[490] P. 585.

[491] Il. xiii. 463.

[492] See Il. iv. 197, 207. xv. 485.

[493] Strabo xiii. 7. p. 584.

[494] Il. x. 428-30.

[495] Od. xi. 519-22.

[496] Il. ii. 808. viii. 489.

[497] Il. xvii. 223-6.

[498] Il. ii. 795.

[499] Il. vii. 379.

[500] Il. viii. 489, 542.

[501] Il. vii. 414-7.

[502] Il. xi. 138.

[503] Ibid. 123.

[504] Il. xii. 211-14.

[505] Il. xi. 37.

[506] Il. xx. 232.

[507] Il. iii. 150.

[508] Il. ii. 796.

[509] Od. viii. 170, 5, 7.

[510] Il. xiii. 726-34.

[511] Il. iii. 2, 8.

[512] Il. iv. 429.

[513] Ibid. 436.

[514] Od. iv. 258.

[515] Il. xv. 546-51.

[516] Il. xx. 188.

[517] Il. xxi. 37. 77.

[518] Il. xi. 105.

[519] Il. ii. 821. v. 313.

[520] Il. vi. 25.

[521] Il. xvi. 422.

[522] Il. xvii. 336.

[523] Il. v. 787. viii. 228. et alibi.

[524] Æn. xi. 286.

[525] AchÆis, or Ethnology; sect. vii. p. 336.

[526] Il. ii. 645-80.

[527] Il. xiv. 225-30. xiii. 10-16, 33. xiv. 281. xxiv. 78, 753, 434. Od. iii. 169-72.

[528] Il. xiv. 225-30. Od. v. 50.

[529] Forbiger thinks he knew the southern coast of the Black sea to a certain extent. Handbuch der Alten Geographie, sect. 4. p. 10.

[530] Il. xii. 17-24.

[531] Il. xiv. 280-4.

[532] Il. xxiv. 543-6.

[533] Il. vi. 184.

[534] AchÆis, or Ethnology, sect. iv. p. 235.

[535] Il. ii. 844, 5.

[536] Od. iv. 83.

[537] Od. i. 105.

[538] Sup. Ethnology, sect. iv.

[539] Ibid.

[540] Od. iii. 320-2.

[541] Od. xiv. 243.

[542] On Od. iv. 354.

[543] Od. iii. 299.

[544] See Ethnology, sect. iv. p. 304.

[545] Hes. Theog. 1011-15.

[546] MÜller’s Orchomenos, p. 274.

[547] Il. xii. 239, 40.

[548] Od. x. 190-2.

[549] Wood (Genius of Homer, p. 23,) says, ‘only four,’ meaning only four winds. But it is pretty clear that Homer’s four winds were not at anything like ninety degrees from one another. There is in Homer no word meaning strictly either south, or north. Daksha, however, from whence is derived de????, means southerly as well as on the right: but probably S. E. rather than S. Pott, Etymolog. Forschungen, II. 186, 7.

[550] Od. xii. 427.

[551] Il. xxiii. 194.

[552] Od. iv. 565-9.

[553] Il. ix. 4.

[554] Il. xxiii. 194, 212.

[555] Il. ii. 144-6, 147-9.

[556] The arrangement of these similes tells powerfully against the ingenious argument of Mr. Wood concerning the birthplace of Homer. Genius of Homer, pp. 7-33.

[557] See General Reid’s Law of Storms and Variable Winds. London. 1849.

[558] Buttmann. Lexil. voc. ???a????.

[559] Il. xxiii. 214.

[560] Il. xxiii. 214, as above.

[561] Od. xiv. 253.

[562] Il. xiv. 255. xv. 26.

[563] Od. xix. 200.

[564] Od. ix. 81.

[565] Il. ii. 144-6. xvi. 765. Od. v. 330. xii. 326.

[566] Friedreich has discussed the winds of Homer (Realien der Il. und Od. §. 3). His results are to me unsatisfactory: but the fault seems to lie in his basis. For (1) he fixes the four Winds of Homer as the four cardinal points: and (2) he finds data for ascertaining the Winds in the Passages of the Outer Geography, instead of determining those Passages themselves by the Winds, after these latter have been ascertained from evidence belonging to the sphere of Homer’s own experience.

[567] Liddell and Scott in voc.

[568] Od. xi. 13-16. xii. 1-4.

[569] See Friedreich, Realien, §. 9. p. 19.

[570] Il. ix. 362.

[571] Od. xiv. 301.

[572] Ibid. 310-15.

[573] Od. v. 249-51.

[574] Od. vii. 325.

[575] Od. xiii. 81, 86.

[576] On this hypothesis is founded the Homeric Erdkarte of Forbiger, Handbuch der Alt. Geogr. I. 4.

[577] Il. xiii. 1.

[578] Od. vii. 19-26.

[579] Od. v. 43-58.

[580] Il. xiv. 225-30.

[581] Od. xxiv. 11.

[582] Od. iv. 83-5.

[583] Od. xii. 325, 427.

[584] Od. v. 485. x. 25. xii. 407.

[585] Od. xi. 13, 21.

[586] Od. X. 507.

[587] Od. xii. 3.

[588] Ibid. 39, 167.

[589] Ibid. 56.

[590] Ibid. 109, 10.

[591] Od. i. 75. xii. 373 et seqq.

[592] Od. xi. 104-7.

[593] Od. xii. 127.

[594] Quart. Rev. vol. 102. p. 324.

[595] Od. x. 135-9, and xii. 1-4.

[596] Danby Seymour’s Black Sea and Sea of Azof, ch. xvii.

[597] Ibid. The minimum appears to be fourteen feet: but it seems to have been much deeper in old times.

[598] Od. xii. 10-13.

[599] MÜller’s Orchomenos, p. 269.

[600] Mimn. Fragm. x. quoted in Strabo, i. p. 67.

[601] MÜller’s Orchomenos, p. 272. Nitzsch, Od. xii. 361.

[602] Od. xii. 325, 6.

[603] Od. xii. 380.

[604] See Olympus, sect. iii. p. 82.

[605] See AchÆis, or Ethnology, sect. x; and Olympus, sect. iv. p. 220, on Persephone.

[606] SchÖnemann de Geogr. Hom. p. 20. Nitzsch on Od. v. 50, n.

[607] Od. v. 268-75.

[608] Od. xiv. 257.

[609] Od. i. 50.

[610] Od. v. 100-2.

[611] Nitzsch on Od. v. 276-8.

[612] Od. v. 50.

[613] Ibid. 51-3.

[614] Cramer’s Greece, i. 204.

[615] Il. xiv. 226.

[616] Od. xii. 447.

[617] Od. xiv. 310-15. 301-4.

[618] See sup. p. 274.

[619] Od. xii. 403-8.

[620] Od. xi. 11.

[621] Od. xii. 3.

[622] In the well known case of a noble description in the Antiquary, Walter Scott has made the sun set on the east coast of Great Britain: but this was unawares and not on purpose. Had he recited instead of writing, the error could not have escaped correction.

[623] Od. v. 276.

[624] Od. v. 160-70.

[625] Od. x. 190.

[626] See Od. x. 28 and 80.

[627] Od. vi. 4.

[628] Od. iii. 318.

[629] Od. iv. 82.

[630] Od. iii. 286-90.

[631] Od. xv. 402. Much difficulty has been raised about this S????: see Wood on Homer, pp. 9-16; but surely without need. We have no occasion to translate ?a??pe??e into trans, p????, or beyond. The S???? ??s??, or Syros, has the same bearing in respect to Delos, as ????? in respect to Chios, which is called ?a??pe??e ?????, Od. iii. 170. It may perhaps mean to windward, and this would correspond with the idea of ??f???? as the prevailing wind of the ÆgÆan. Another difficulty is made about the phrase ??? t??pa? ?e?????, which is interpreted as describing the position relatively to Delos. I know not why this should constitute a difficulty at all, if Syros is to the west and north of Delos. But there would be no difficulty, even if Delos were west of Syros: for the words ??? t??pa? ?e????? may apply grammatically to either of the two islands as viewed from the other.

[632] Od. xix. 172.

[633] Il. iii. 2-6.

[634] Il. xviii. 607.

[635] Il. xix. 374.

[636] Il. v. 433.

[637] Tyrt. ii. 24. Also Anthol. GrÆc.

[638] Plut. Lacon. Instit. (Opp. vi. 898.) ed. Reiske; Potter’s Greek. Antiq. B. iii. ch. iv.

[639] Il. x. 24, 178.

[640] Il. xiii. 130. ix. 537. x. 15.

[641] Il. iii. 5.

[642] Il. xxiii. 205. i. 423. Od. v. 282, 3.

[643] Od. v. 275. Il. xviii. 489.

[644] Od. iv. 561-9.

[645] Voyages de Pallas, vol. i. p. 320, Paris 1805.

[646] Od. x. 507.

[647] Od. x. 508-12.

[648] Welsford on Engl. Language, pp. 75, 76, 88. Bleek’s Persian Vocabulary, (Grammar, p. 170.)

[649] See AchÆis, sect. iii.

[650] Od. i. 24.

[651] Od. xi. 15.

[652] AchÆis or Ethnology, sect. iii.

[653] Ibid. sect. iv.

[654] Obss. in loc.

[655] Ver. 317.

[656] Ver. 319.

[657] Ver. 321.

[658] See Jelf’s Gr. Gramm. 103.

[659] Od. v. 276, 7.

[660] Liddell and Scott.

[661] Il. ii. 341. x. 542.

[662] Od. ix. 25, 6.

[663] Compare the use of the word e??????.

[664] Il. xii. 238-40.

[665] Jelf’s Gr. Gr. Nos. 633-5.

[666] Od. ii. 421.

[667] Od. vi. 117. Il. v. 101.

[668] Od. iv. 132.

[669] Il. i. 350.

[670] Od. iii. 3.

[671] Od. iv. 417.

[672] Od. vii. 332.

[673] Il. ix. 415.

[674] Il. i. 350.

[675] Il. ii. 308.

[676] Ibid. 318.

[677] Ibid. 765.

[678] Od. xvii. 365.

[679] So t?? de, Il. i. 127, and particularly t?? in Il. i. 389, meaning Chryseis, who has not been named since v. 372.

[680] Hymn. Merc. 153. Cf. 418, 424, 499.

[681] Hecuba 1127.

[682] I have observed that de???? ????? means a bird flying from the left towards the right, and ???ste??? ?????, the reverse. Here however the force of the epithet is derived from immediate connection with the motion implied, and with the doctrine of omens: de???? ??? would of course be the right shoulder, and de???, as we have seen, may stand alone to signify the right hand. And so in general with these words, when used as epithets, apart from a preposition implying motion, and from any relation to omens.

[683] Grote’s Hist. of Greece, vol. ii. p. 258 n.

[684] Ibid. p. 241 n.

[685] Ibid. p. 244 n.

[686] Ibid. p. 247.

[687] Grote’s History of Greece, vol. ii. p. 210.

[688] Ibid. p. 178.

[689] Ibid. p. 260, 236, 267.

[690] Ibid. p. 269.

[691] Ibid.

[692] Note, pp. 240-4.

[693] ????, Il. i. 203, 214. ?f??????, Il. ix. 368, also 646-8.

[694] Il. ix. 370-6: when he returns again and again to the word: ??apat?se??, 371; ?p?t?se, 375; ??ap?f??t?, 376.

[695] Il. i. 152.

[696] Ibid. 165-8.

[697] Il. v. 789.

[698] Il. i. 225-8.

[699] The ???a, v. 300, must mean what he had not acquired by gift of the army; since in Il. 9. 335, as well as in i. 167, 356, he apparently speaks of Briseis as the only prize he had received.

[700] Il. v. 605, 702.

[701] Il. ix. 26.

[702] Il. xix. 67.

[703] Ibid. 134-8.

[704] Od. viii. 390-415.

[705] Il. ix. 336.

[706] Il. i. 352-4.

[707] Il. ix. 624-42. Sup. AgorÈ, p. 111.

[708] Ibid. 237-43, and 304-6.

[709] Ibid. 357.

[710] Ibid. 617.

[711] Il. ix. 649-55.

[712] On the character of Achilles, I recommend reference to Colonel Mure, Lit. Greece, i. 273-91, and 304-14. In no part of his treatment of the poems has that excellent Homerist (if I may presume to say so) done better service. See likewise Professor Wilson’s Essays, Critique iv: and the PrÆlections of the Rev. J. Keble, i. 90-104. This refined work, which criticizes the poems in the spirit of a Bard, set an early example, at least to England, of elevating the tone of Homeric study.

[713] Il. xvi. 780.

[714] Il. vii. 93.

[715] Since the first portion of this work went to press, I have found from the recent and still unfinished work of Welcher, Griechische GÖtterlehre, i. 2. n., that philological evidence appears to have been recently obtained of a close relationship between the Lycians and the Greeks.

[716] Il. xii. 397-9.

[717] Il. xi. 67-83.

[718] Ibid. 90.

[719] Il. viii. 336. xvi. 569. xvii. 596.

[720] Il. xvi. 656.

[721] This would be best shown by a list of the considerable personages slain on the two sides respectively.

[722] Ver. 421-38.

[723] Ver. 517-20.

[724] Il. v. 517-21.

[725] Il. vii. 307-12.

[726] Compare Il. ii. 768, with Il. v. 414.

[727] Il. xi. 185-209.

[728] Il. xi. 252, 437.

[729] Exc. ii. ad Il. xxiv. s. iv. vol. viii. p. 801. See, however, also p. 802.

[730] Il. ix. 697-709.

[731] See Il. i. 226-8. xviii. 509-13. and especially xiii. 275-86: and Sup. AgorÈ, p. 92.

[732] He bears the chief part from 206. to 488.

[733] Il. xvi. 644.

[734] In his ‘Examination of the Primary Argument of the Iliad.’ Dedicated to Lord Grenville. 1821.

[735] Il. ix. 646-8.

[736] Il. xvi. 93.

[737] See the ‘Primary Argument of the Iliad,’ pp. 241-73.

[738] Il. xxiv. 483, 631. Sup. Ilios, p. 216.

[739] Il. xx. 233-5.

[740] For example, we might quote the Orlando Furioso of Ariosto; and the very vulgar poet, Forteguerra, in the Ricciardetto, vi. 23:

Il nettar beve, e Ganimede il mesce,

Che tanto a Giuno sua spiace e rincresce.

[741] Il. xi. 1. Od. v. 1.

[742] Hymn. ad Ven. 45-80.

[743] Il. xxiv. 30.

[744] Il. iii. 64, 440, 415.

[745] Od. xxii. 424-73.

[746] Od. xviii. 321-5.

[747] Od. xxiv. 496.

[748] Il. iii. 39.

[749] Ibid. 391.

[750] Il. iii. 18. and vi. 506.

[751] Il. xv. 263.

[752] Il. xxiv. 629.

[753] Od. xiii. 430-3.

[754] Il. iii. 169.

[755] Od. xi. 469.

[756] Il. ii. 671-5.

[757] Il. ii. 867.

[758] Il. xvii. 50-60. Compare the sympathizing account of the death of the young bridegroom Iphidamas (Il. xi. 241-3).

[759] Od. viii. 167-77.

[760] Od. x. 112.

[761] Od. xvii. 327.

[762] Od. ii. 10.

[763] Il. xx. 220-9.

[764] Il. vi. 511.

[765] Il. xi. 158.

[766] Il. xix. 408-17.

[767] Il. x. 437.

[768] Il. x. 544-53.

[769] Il. ii. 764.

[770] Il. v. 295.

[771] Il. ii. 776.

[772] Il. v. 196.

[773] Il. x. 489-93.

[774] Od. iv. 13.

[775] Od. iv. 606.

[776] He uses the phrase d???? e???e?. It is curious to find the word runs, so recently re-established as the classical word for the large open spaces of pasturage in the regions of Australasia.

[777] Il. xxii. 121.

[778] Il. ix. 228.

[779] See Mr. Cope’s Essay on the Picturesque among the Greeks; Cambridge Essays, 1856. p. 126.

[780] Ruskin’s Modern Painters, part iv. chap. xiii. pp. 189-92.

[781] Od. vii. 112-32.

[782] Od. v. 63-75.

[783] Il. viii. 557.

[784] Il. xv. 80.

[785] Modern Painters, part iv. ch. xiii. p. 174.

[786] Il. xxiii. 216. i. 482.

[787] Il. iv. 424.

[788] G???s??? d? ???assa d??stat?, Il. xiii. 29.

[789] Il. xiv. 392.

[790] Rev. v. 11.

[791] Od. v. 306.

[792] Æsch. Prom. V. 468. see also Soph. Naupl. Fragm. v.

[793] Od. iv. 412, 451.

[794] Il. xxiii. 29.

[795] Od. ii. 16.

[796] Il. v. 860.

[797] Il. xxi. 251.

[798] Il. vii. 571. viii. 562. xi. 244.

[799] Od. xiv. 20.

[800] Od. xiv. 93.

[801] AgorÈ, p. 82.

[802] Il. ii. 450.

[803] Il. xxiii. 703, 5.

[804] Il. vi. 236.

[805] Il. xxi. 79.

[806] Il. xxi. 42.

[807] Il. ii. 123-8.

[808] Il. ii. 362-8.

[809] Il. ii. 509, 719.

[810] Il. xix. 44.

[811] Il. ii. 362, 5.

[812] Od. viii. 35.

[813] Sup. AgorÈ, p. 135.

[814] Il. ii. 577.

[815] Il. viii. 562.

[816] Od. xiv. 13-20.

[817] I subjoin the rest of this curious fragment;

??af?? d? te tet?a????????

t?e?? d’ ???f??? ? ???a? ????s?eta?? a?t?? ? f?????

????a t??? ???a?a?? d??ad’ ?e?? t??? f?????a?

??fa? ??p???a??, ????a? ???? a????????.

It is noticed by Pliny, (Nat. Hist. vii. 48.) who terms it fabulous; but it is with more propriety, I think, to be called poetical.

[818] Il. ii. 649.

[819] Od. xix. 173.

[820] Il. ix. 362.

[821] ?ss?? te pa??e??? ???? ???se, Od. iv. 356.

[822] Od. iii. 322. With this compare the Tempest, Act ii. Sc. 1; where, be it observed, Shakespeare is treating his subject as one of Dreamland.

Ant. Who’s the next heir of Naples?

Seb. Claribel.

Ant. She that is queen of Tunis: she, that dwells

Ten leagues beyond man’s life; she that from Naples

Can have no note, unless the sun were post,

(The man i’ th’ moon ’s too slow,) till new-born chins

Be rough and razorable.

[823] Od. xi. 248.

[824] Il. i. 250-2.

[825] Il. xxiii. 791.

[826] Il. xiii. 361.

[827] Il. x. 157.

[828] Od. iii. 245. The meaning may be that he had reigned for above two generations: but in the Iliad no more is implied than that he had lived well into a third.

[829] Lit. Greece, i. 460. ii. 139.

[830] Ibid. ii. 138.

[831] Od. xii. 112, 144.

[832] Od. iv. 665.

[833] Mure, Hist. Lit. Greece, vol. i. p. 437.

[834] Od. xvii. 327.

[835] Il. ix. 438. and xi. 783.

[836] Od. xi. 510-12.

[837] Il. ix. 481.

[838] Lit. Greece, ii. 141.

[839] Il. ii. 360.

[840] Il. ii. 799.

[841] Il. i. 52. ii. 302.

[842] See note at the end of the Section.

[843] Ibid.

[844] The celebrated Hunter noticed that Homer had made Dolon an only son with five sisters, as a proof of the Poet’s sagacity in observation: having himself found, that youths under such circumstances are generally more or less effeminate. I owe this information to one of the most distinguished living members of the profession, which Hunter himself adorned. It was also a favourite remark, I believe, with Mr. Rogers.

[845] See AchÆis, or Ethnology, p. 383.

[846] See Olympus, sect. ii. p. 53. Welcker (Griechische GÖtterlehre, vi. 63, p. 300) treats the name ????? as immediately akin to a???? and the idea of light.

[847] Eurip. Iph. in Aul. 213-22.

[848] Il. xviii. 409. xxiv. 159.

[849] See Olympus, sect. ii. p. 157.

[850] Hymn. ad Apoll. v. 172.

[851] Macbeth ii. 3.

[852] Troilus and Cressida, i. 3, sub fin.

[853] Tempest, iv. 1. The rainbow is mentioned as of many colours, in Merry Wives of Windsor, iv. 5, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3, and King John, iv. 2.

[854] Pritchard’s Celtic Nations, p. 219.

[855] Vid. GÖthe, Geschichte der Farbenlehre, Works, vol. 53, p. 21. (Stuttgart, 1833.)

[856] Wilson’s Five Gateways of Knowledge, p. 4.

[857] See, for instance, ‘Ancient and Modern Colours, by William Linton.’ London 1852.

[858] Hor. Od. I. 13. 2.

[859] Virg. Æn. i. 402.

[860] Vid. GÖthe, Farbenlehre, Works, vol. 53. p. 23.

[861] Prantl’s Aristoteles Über die Farben, pp. 101, 3.

[862] Ibid. pp. 104, 6.

[863] Ibid. p. 109. Ar. Metaph. I. 7. 1057 a. 23.

[864] Ibid. p. 116. Ar. de Sens. 4. 442 a. 12.

[865] Ibid. p. 118. Met. III. 4. 374 b. 31.

[866] Comp. Met. I. 5. 342 b. 4. with III. 4. 374 a. 27.

[867] Liddell and Scott in voc. Millin, MinÉralogie HomÉrique, p. 149.

[868] Friedreich, Realien, § 21. p. 86.

[869] Vol. ii. p. 325.

[870] Il. iv. 510.

[871] H. N. xxxiv. 16. s. 47.

[872] Il. xviii. 474. v. 722.

[873] Ibid. 564.

[874] Eustath. Il. i. p. 93.

[875] The substance of this and the two following Sections formed two Articles in the Quarterly Review, Nos. 201 and 203, for January and July respectively, 1857. They are reprinted with the obliging approval of Mr. Murray.

[876] Commentary on Il. ii.

[877] Od. xvii. 385.

[878] Il. ii. 455-83.

[879] See also Lessing’s Laocoon, c. xviii. respecting the Shield in the Æneid.

[880] Il. ii. 494-510. Æn. vii. 647-54.

[881] Il. ii. 756-9. Æn. vii. 803-17.

[882] At DanaÛm proceres, etc.—Æn. vi. 489.

[883] Æn. xi. 282-7.

[884] Il. v. 302-10.

[885] Macbeth iii. 3.

[886] AchÆis, or Ethnology, sect. ix. p. 491.

[887] Il. v. 445.

[888] Il. iii. 382.

[889] Hom. Il. xii. 433.

[890] Æn. viii. 407-13.

[891] In Dibdin’s ‘Editions of the Greek and Latin Classics,’ we find nineteen editions of Virgil between 1469 and 1478. The Princeps of Homer was only printed in 1488. Panzer, according to Dibdin, enumerates ninety editions of Virgil in the 15th century (ii. 540.). Mr. Hallam says (Lit. Eur., i. 420.), ‘Ariosto has been after Homer the favourite poet of Europe.’ I presume this distinguished writer does not mean to imply that Homer has been more read than any other poet. Can his words mean that Homer has been more approved? It is worth while to ask the question: for the judgments of Mr. Hallam are like those of Minos, and reach into the future.

[892] Il. xxi. 307, et seqq.

[893] Il. v. 777.

[894] Il. xii. 22.

[895] Æn. vi. 724-893.

[896] We cannot safely assume the second ?e???a of Od. xxiv. to be free from interpolations.

[897] Homer has used this figure; but in an entirely different connection, Il. viii. 13-16.

[898] Æn. vi. 503.

[899] Æn. ii. 27. vi. 88.

[900] Æn. xi. 239-270.

[901] Æn. vi. 529.

[902] Od. xvi. 118.

[903] Æn. iii. 104.

[904] Æn. vi. 63.

[905] Scott and Liddell, in voc.

[906] Æn. x. 255. Cf. i. 618, Phrygius Simois; vii. 597, et alibi.

[907] Il. iii. 184.

[908] Il. xii. 436.

[909] Il. viii. 18.

[910] Ibid. 134. Cf. vi. 650.

[911] Æn. iii. 104.

[912] Æn. iii. 109.

[913] Apollod. III. xii. 1.

[914] Æn. vi. 63.

[915] Æn. ii. 634.

[916] Il. xxii. 331-47.

[917] Il. xxiii. 775-81. Æn. v. 333, 356.

[918] Ibid. 329.

[919] Ibid. 286-90.

[920] Æn. viii. 185.

[921] Æn. v. 370.

[922] Æn. viii. 523.

[923] Æn. ii. 601.

[924] Il. iii. 164.

[925] Il. iii. 453, and elsewhere.

[926] Æn. vi. 460.

[927] Od. v. 215-24.

[928] Il. xix. 86. When Achilles (270) as it were countersigns this, it is evidently in his character of a high-bred gentleman; a character, of which he gives so many proofs in the poem.

[929] Æn. vii. 648; viii. 7, 482.

[930] Æn. x. 773, 880.

[931] Il. xxii. 365.

[932] Æn. x. 743.

[933] Æn. vii. 633.

[934] Il. ii. 544.

[935] Il. iii. 330.

[936] Od. xi. 315.

[937] Georg. i. 281.

[938] Æn. iv. 248-51.

[939] Il. ix. 484, and xvi. 196.

[940] Æn. ii. 7.

[941] Æn. vi. 432.

[942] Although it may be a deviation from the direct path, yet, having noticed in so much detail the unfaithfulness of Virgil to his original, I will also give an instance of the accuracy of Horace. In the Seventh Ode of the First Book, he has occasion to refer to the places made famous in Homeric song; and Athens with him is Palladis urbs; so Argos (?pp??t??) is aptum equis, MycÆnÆ (p??????s??) dites, Larissa (?????a?) opima. LacedÆmon is patiens, an epithet corresponding with no particular word in Homer, but not contradicted by any; it had acquired the character since his time.

[943] Il. v. 303. See also Il. xx. 285.

[944] Il. xii. 382.

[945] Ibid. 445-50.

[946] Homer names a Demoleon, son of Agenor; but he is slain fighting for the Trojans. Il. xx. 395.

[947] Æn. vi. 233.

[948] The aim of the poet as such is finely, but somewhat too exclusively, expressed in the Sonnet of Filicaja, Dietro a questi ancor io.

[949] Od. xvii. 385.

[950] Od. xxii. 331.

[951] Od. iii. 267.

[952] De Civ. Dei, i. 3.

[953] Ibid. viii. 4-11.

[954] Gerus. xix. 36.

[955] Ibid. 37.

[956] Od. xi. 311.

[957] Gerus. iv. 6.

[958] Hallam’s Literature of Europe, ii. 268.

[959] Lett. Ital., vol. vii.

[960] Il. ix. 646.

[961] Gerus. xx. 55.

[962] Ibid. 54.

[963] Gerus. v. 36.

[964] Gerus. xx. 63.

[965] Ib. 64.

[966] Ib. 65.

[967] Ib. 136.

[968] Il. xvii. 51.

[969] Gerus. v. 12.

[970] Ibid. 151.

[971] Il. i. 188.

[972] La Riforma Cattolica, lately published at Turin, with an excellent preface by Massari.

[973] Ger. v. 20.

[974] Character of Hector, Lit. Greece, vol. i. p. 347.

[975] Ger. xvii. 69.

[976] Il. vii. 312.

[977] Ibid. 109.

[978] Ibid. 161.

[979] Il. xii. 445-71.

[980] Ib. 392-407.

[981] Il. xi. 186-90.

[982] Il. xi. 349-67.

[983] Ib. 502-7.

[984] Ib. 660.

[985] Il. vi. 127.

[986] Mure, i. 352.

[987] p. 85.

[988] Il. xx. 434.

[989] Il. vi. 479.

[990] Vol. i. pp. 349, 60.

[991] See sup. Ilios, pp. 196-205.

[992] Il. iii. 39 and xiii. 769.

[993] Il. iii. 46-51.

[994] Ib. 76.

[995] Il. vi. 403.

[996] Ilios, pp. 219-23.

[997] Il. vi. 447.

[998] 2 Samuel i. 26.

[999] Il. vi. 521.

[1000] Il. ix. 337.

[1001] Il. ii. 356, 590.

[1002] See Heyne on Il. ii. 356. G. C. Crusius (Hanover. 1845, on do.) Chapman translates in the same sense; but Voss refers the outsetting and the groans to Helen herself; so too the Scholiasts.

[1003] Il. ii. 590.

[1004] On Pope’s Il. iii. 165.

[1005] Il. xxiv. 770.

[1006] Il. iii. 162.

[1007] Ibid. 130.

[1008] Il. xxiv. 768-72.

[1009] Ibid. 775.

[1010] Il. xvi.

[1011] Il. ix. 336.

[1012] Od. xxiii. 222.

[1013] Od. iv. 122.

[1014] Il. iii. 429 cf. 163. See Ilios, pp. 200, 203.

[1015] Od. iii. 272.

[1016] Od. iv. 262; Il. xxiv. 764.

[1017] Il. iii. 400-2.

[1018] Ibid. 174.

[1019] Ibid. 442-4.

[1020] Il. xiii. 626.

[1021] Il. vi. 355.

[1022] Il. xxiv. 768.

[1023] Il. iii. 139.

[1024] See Damm on ???e????.

[1025] Il. vi. 344, 356; Od. iv. 145.

[1026] Od. iv. 184, 254.

[1027] Il. iii. 236-42. Cf. Il. iii. 404. and xxiv.

[1028] The expression is ???? ??? st??ess?? ????e?. The verb is used by Homer most commonly to denote apprehension (as in Il. iv. 208. xv. 7. xvi. 280, 509. xviii. 223); though it also sometimes signifies other kinds of excitement, such as anger or surprise.

[1029] 383-98.

[1030] Il. vi. 321-5.

[1031] Il. xxiv. 760-75.

[1032] Od. iv. 13.

[1033] Od. iv. 274.

[1034] Od. iv. 276.

[1035] Lycophron, 168; Schol. on Il. xxiv. 251. In the Troades of Euripides she is introduced, saying that Deiphobus took her by force, against the will of the Phrygians (Trojans), 954-5.

[1036] Orl. Fur. iv. 66.

[1037] Book ii. ch. viii. sect. 20.

[1038] Il. iii. 437-48.

[1039] Ibid. 428.

[1040] Il. xi. 368-79, 581-4, 505-7.

[1041] Il. xi. 385.

[1042] Il. iii. 454.

[1043] Il. vi. 339.

[1044] Il. iii. 43, 51.

[1045] Il. vi. 372.

[1046] See note p. 500. sup.

[1047] Schlegel, Lect. iii. vol. i. p. 81; Donaldson, Greek Theatre, sect. ii.

[1048] Hecuba, 429, 924-31.

[1049] Troades, 132, 377.

[1050] Ver. 770.

[1051] Ver. 855-78.

[1052] Ver. 900.

[1053] Ver. 909-60.

[1054] I do not remember to have seen the principles of Isocrates rigorously applied in modern literature, excepting in the Adrienne de la Cardonnaye of M. EugÈne Sue’s Le Juif Errant.

[1055] Hel. Enc. 61.

[1056] Ibid. 47.

[1057] Ibid. 54.

[1058] Il. ii. 875.

[1059] Od. xviii. 366-75.

[1060] Il. ii. 260.

[1061] Od. i. 58.

[1062] Od. v. 215-20.

[1063] Od. iv. 285-8.

[1064] In proof of the establishment of this curious usage in our literature, (which attracted the notice of Selden,) see Mawmet, Maumetry in Richardson’s Dictionary, with the illustrative passages.

[1065] Tro. 285-9, 1216.

[1066] Hor. Ep. I. ii. 18.

[1067] Hor. Epist. I. ii. 1-31.

[1068] Æn. ii. 90. et seqq.

[1069] Æn. vi. 628.

[1070] Æn. iii. 272. sup. p. 522.

[1071] Pind. Nem. iii. 43-64.

[1072] Epithal. Pel. and Thet. 339-372.

[1073] Hor. A. P. 120. It will be remembered that the ruthless Bentley struck out even the honoratum of the text, and, with an audacity surpassing his great ingenuity, put in Homereum.

[1074] Il. i. 122.

[1075] Ib. 149.

[1076] Stat. Achill. i.

[1077] Act v. sc. 5.

[1078] Achilleis, v. 163.

[1079] Seneca, Troades, 765. Ibid. 609 et seqq.

[1080] Act iv.

[1081] Ibid. 685.

[1082] Prologue to Dryden’s Troilus and Cressida; and again in the Epilogue spoken by Thersites:

‘You British fools, of the old Trojan stock.’

[1083] Hist. Greece, ch. i. sect. iv.

[1084] Gerus. ii. 59.

[1085] Gerus. ii. 58.

[1086] Stevens on Troilus and Cressida.

[1087] Chaucer’s Troilus and Cressida, book iv.

[1088] Act iii. sc. 1.

[1089] Act iv. sc. 1.

[1090] Troilus and Cressida, v. 9.

[1091] Ibid. v. 10.

[1092] Dryden’s Troil. and Cress., act ii. sc. 3.

[1093] Act v. sc. 2.

[1094] Acte iii. sc. 5.

[1095] Acte iv. sc. iii.

[1096] Acte iii. sc. 3.

[1097] Il. i. 27.

[1098] Od. iv. 220-6.

[1099] Od. x. 287.

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