CONTENTS
Charles Gide
PAGE
BOOK I: THE FOUNDERS
CHAPTER I: THE PHYSIOCRATS (
M. Gide
)
1
I
I.
The Natural Order
5
II.
The Net Product
12
III.
The Circulation of Wealth
18
II
I.
Trade
27
II.
The Functions of the State
33
III.
Taxation
38
IV.
RÉsumÉ of the Physiocratic Doctrine. Critics and Dissenters
45
CHAPTER II: ADAM SMITH (
M. Rist
)
50
I.
Division of Labour
56
II.
The “Naturalism” and “Optimism” of Smith
68
III.
Economic Liberty and International Trade
93
IV.
The Influence of Smith’s Thought and its Diffusion. J. B. Say
102
CHAPTER III: THE PESSIMISTS (
M. Gide
)
118
I.
Malthus
120
The Law of Population
121
II.
Ricardo
138
1.
The Law of Rent
141
2.
Of Wages and Profits
157
3.
The Balance of Trade Theory and the Quantity Theory of Money
163
4.
Paper Money, its Issue and Regulation
165
BOOK II: THE ANTAGONISTS
CHAPTER I: SISMONDI AND THE ORIGINS OF THE CRITICAL SCHOOL (
M. Rist
)
170
I.
The Aim and Method of Political Economy
173
II.
Sismondi’s Criticism of Over-production and Competition
178
III.
The Divorce of Land from Labour as the Cause or Pauperism and of Crises
186
IV.
Sismondi’s Reform Projects. His Influence upon the History of Doctrines
192
CHAPTER II: SAINT-SIMON, THE SAINT-SIMONIANS, AND THE BEGINNINGS OF COLLECTIVISM (
M. Rist
)
198
I.
Saint-Simon and Industrialism
202
II.
The Saint-Simonians and their Criticism of Private Property
211
III.
The Importance of Saint-Simonism in the History of Doctrines
225
CHAPTER III: THE ASSOCIATIVE SOCIALISTS
231
I.
Robert Owen
(
M. Gide
)
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