The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening, Division 1; A to Car. / A Practical and Scientific EncyclopAEdia of Horticulture

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John Garrett

THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

CONTENTS

PREFACE.
REFERENCE TO ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLANTS OTHER THAN THOSE FIGURED IN THIS WORK.
Sect. I. Roots Tuberous.
Sect. II. Roots Fibrous or Napiform.
CONTENTS

ARISTOLOCHIA ELEGANS.

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THE
ILLUSTRATED
DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,

A PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC

EncyclopÆdia of Horticulture

FOR

GARDENERS AND BOTANISTS.

EDITED BY

GEORGE NICHOLSON,
Of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

ASSISTED BY PROFESSOR J. W. H. TRAIL, A.M., M.D., F.L.S., IN THE PARTS RELATING TO INSECTS AND FUNGI;
AND J. GARRETT IN THE FRUIT, VEGETABLE, AND GENERAL GARDEN WORK PORTIONS.

DIVISION I.—A TO CAR.

PUBLISHED BY
L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA,
JAMES PENMAN, NEW YORK.

1887.

LONDON: PRINTED BY A. BRADLEY, 170, STRAND.

THE ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF GARDENING aims at being the best and most complete Work on Gardening and Garden Plants hitherto published. The aim is, indeed, a high one; but the Publisher, whose taste for Flowers has rendered the production a labour of love, has, on his part, spared no expense that the Typography and Illustrations should be of a very high class. It is to be hoped that earnest efforts to attain accuracy, by consulting the best Authorities, combined with no small amount of original research, have contributed to render the matter of the Work not unworthy of the form in which it is presented to the reader. The large number of Illustrations is an important feature; and it is believed that the figures quoted, and the references given to various works—in which more detailed information is contained than is desirable, or, indeed, possible, in these pages, on account of space—will greatly add to the interest and value of the work. Considerable trouble has been taken in revising the tangled synonymy of many genera, and clearing up, as much as possible, the confusion that exists in garden literature in connection with so many plants, popular and otherwise. In the matter of generic names, Bentham and Hooker's recently-completed "Genera Plantarum" has, with few exceptions, been followed; that work being the one which will, for a long time to come, undoubtedly remain the standard authority on all that relates to generic limitation. With regard to the nomenclature of species, I have endeavoured to consult the latest and most trustworthy Monographs and Floras, and to adopt the names in accordance with them. Now and then, certain plants are described under their common garden names; but they will, in such cases, be also found mentioned under the genus to which they really belong. A case in point may be cited: Anoectochilus Lowii is given under Anoectochilus, but the name it must now bear is Dossinia, and a reference to that genus will explain matters pretty fully, as far as the present state of knowledge goes.

I am greatly indebted to Professor J. W. H. TRAIL, M.D., F.L.S., &c., for his valuable contributions on Insects, Fungi, and Diseases of Plants, branches of science in which he has long been specially interested, and in which he is an undoubted authority.

Mr. J. GARRETT, of the Royal Gardens, Kew, late of the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, is responsible for Fruit and Vegetable Culture, for most of what appertains to Florists' Flowers, and for General Gardening Work. For information on many special subjects—Begonias may be cited as an example—I am obliged for much assistance to Mr. W. WATSON, also of the Royal Gardens, Kew; in fact, the article Begonia, in its entirety, was written by him. Mr. W. B. HEMSLEY, A.L.S., has, throughout, given me aid and advice; and I have to acknowledge constant help from several other colleagues.

The Rev. PERCY W. MYLES, M.A., has taken no little trouble in working out the correct derivations of very many of the Generic Names; unfortunately, in a number of instances, lack of time prevented me from obtaining the benefit of his knowledge. I have to record my gratitude for help in so difficult a task, this special study being one to which Mr. MYLES has paid much attention.
GEORGE NICHOLSON.

ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.

REFERENCE TO ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLANTS OTHER THAN THOSE FIGURED IN THIS WORK.

It has been suggested, by an eminent Authority, that many readers would be glad to be informed where reliable Illustrations could be found of those Plants which are not figured in this Work. To meet this want, references to the figures in Standard Authorities have been given, the titles of the Works referred to being, for economy of space, abbreviated as follows:

A. B. R. Andrews (H. C.). Botanist's Repository. London,
1799-1811. 10 vols. 4to.
A. E. Andrews (H. C.). Coloured Engravings of Heaths.
London, 1802-30. 4 vols. 4to.
A. F. B. Loudon (J. C.). Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum....
London, 1838. 8 vols. 8vo.
A. F. P. Allioni (C.). Flora pedemontana. Aug. Taur., 1785.
3 vols. Fol.
A. G. Aublet (J. B. C. F.). Histoire des plantes de la
Guiane FranÇaise. Londres, 1775. 4 vols. 4to.
A. H. Andrews (H. C.). The Heathery. London, 1804-12.
4 vols. 4to.
B. Maund (B.). The Botanist.... London, 1839.
8 vols. 4to.
B. F. F. Brandis (D.). Forest Flora of ... India. London,
1876, 8vo. Atlas, 4to.
B. F. S. Beddome (R. H.). Flora sylvatica. Madras
[1869-73]. 2 vols. 4to.
B. H. La Belgique Horticole.... Ghent, 1850, &c.*
B. M. Botanical Magazine. London, 1787, &c. 8vo.*
B. M. Pl. Bentley (R.) and Trimen (H.). Medicinal Plants.
London, 1875-80. 8vo.
B. O. Bateman (James). A Monograph of Odontoglossum.
London, 1874. Fol.
B. R. Botanical Register. London, 1815-47. 33 vols. 8vo.
B. Z. Botanische Zeitung. Berlin, vols. i.-xiii. (1843-55).
8vo. Leipzig, vol. xiv. (1856).*
C. H. P. Cathcart's Illustrations of Himalayan Plants.
London, 1855. Fol.
Enc. T. & S. Loudon (J. C.). EncyclopÆdia of Trees and Shrubs....
London, 1842. 8vo.
E. T. S. M. See T. S. M.
F. A. O. Fitzgerald (R. D.). Australian Orchids. Sydney,
1876. Fol.*
F. D. Flora Danica—usually quoted as the title of the
work, Icones plantarum ... DaniÆ et NorvegiÆ....
HavniÆ. 1761 to 1883. Fol.
F. d. S. La Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe.
1845-82. 23 vols. 8vo.
Fl. Ment. Moggridge (J. T.). Contributions to the Flora of
Mentone.... London, 1864-8.
Flora Flora oder allgemeine botanische Zeitung. 1818-42.
25 vols. 8vo. [New Series] 1843, &c.*
F. M. Floral Magazine. London, 1861-71, 8vo. 1872-81, 4to.
F. & P. Florist and Pomologist. London, 1868-84. 8vo.
G. C. The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette.
London, 1841-65. Fol.
G. C. n. s. The Gardeners' Chronicle. New Series, 1866, &c. Fol.*
G. G. Gray (A.). Genera florÆ AmericÆ.... Boston,
1848-9. 2 vols. 8vo.
G. M. The Gardeners' Magazine. Conducted by Shirley
Hibberd. London.
G. M. B. The Gardeners' Magazine of Botany.... London,
1850-1. 3 vols. 8vo.
Gn. The Garden. London, 1871, &c. 4to.*
G. W. F. A. Goodale (G. L.). Wild Flowers of America. Boston,
1877. 4to.
H. B. F. Hooker (W. J.). The British Ferns.
H. E. F. Hooker (W. J.). Exotic Flora. Edinburgh, 1823-7.
3 vols. 8vo.
H. F. B. A. Hooker (W. J.). Flora boreali-americana.... London,
1833-40. 2 vols. 4to.
H. F. T. Hooker (J. D.). Flora TasmaniÆ. London, 1860.
2 vols. 4to. This is Part 3 of "The Botany of
the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships
Erebus and Terror, in the years 1839-43."
H. G. F. Hooker (W. J.). Garden Ferns. London, 1862. 8vo.
H. S. F. Hooker (W. J.). Species Filicum.
I. H. L'Illustration horticole. Gand, 1850, &c. 8vo.*
I. H. Pl. See C. H. P.
J. B. Journal of Botany.... London, 1863. 8vo.*
J. F. A. Jacquin (N. J.). FlorÆ austriacÆ.... icones....
ViennÆ, 1773-8. 5 vols. Fol.
J. H. Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener.
Conducted by Dr. Robert Hogg. London.
J. H. S. Journal of the Horticultural Society. London, 1846.
8vo.*
K. E. E. Kotschy. Die Eiche Europas und des Orients.
L. B. C. Loddiges (C.). Botanical Cabinet. London, 1812-33.
20 vols. 4to.
L. C. B. Lindley (J.). Collectanea botanica.... London,
1821. Fol.
L. E. M. La Marck (J. B. P. A. de M. de). EncyclopÉdie
methodique ... Botanique. Paris, 1783-1817.
13 vols. 4to.
L. J. F. Lemaire (C.). Le Jardin fleuriste. Gand, 1851-4.
4 vols. 8vo.
L. R. Lindley (J.). Rosarum Monographia. London,
1820. 8vo.
L. S. O. Lindley (J.). Sertum Orchidaceum.... London,
1838. Fol.
L. & P. F. G. Lindley (J.) and Paxton (J.). Flower Garden....
London.... 1851-3. 3 vols. 4to.
M. A. S. Salm-Dyck. Monographia generum Aloes et Mesembryanthemi.
BonnÆ, 1836-63. 4to.
N. Burbidge (F. W.). The Narcissus: Its History and
Culture. With a Scientific Review of the
Genus by J. G. Baker, F.L.S. London, 1875. 8vo.
N. S. Nuttall (T.). North American Sylva.... Philadelphia,
1865. 3 vols. 8vo.
P. F. G. See L. & P. F. G.
P. M. B. Paxton (J). Magazine of Botany. London, 1834-49.
16 vols. 8vo.
Ref. B. Saunders (W. W.) Refugium botanicum....
London, 1869-72. 8vo.
R. G. Regel (E.). Gartenflora. 1852, &c.*
R. H. Revue Horticole.... Paris, 1852.*
R. S. H. Hooker (J. D.). The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya.
London, 1849-51. Fol.
R. X. O. Reichenbach, fil. (H. G.). Xenia orchidacea. Leipzig,
1858. 4to.*
S. B. F. G. Sweet (R.). British Flower Garden. London,
1823-9. 3 vols. 8vo.
Second Series. London, 1831-8. 4 vols. 8vo.
S. C. Sweet (R.). CistineÆ. London, 1825-30. 8vo.
S. E. B. Smith (J. E.). Exotic Botany.... London, 1804-5.
2 vols. 8vo.
S. F. A. Sweet (R.). Flora australasica.... London, 1827-8.
8vo.
S. F. d. J. Siebold (P. F. de) and Vriese (W. H. de). Flore des
Jardins du Royaume des Pays-Bas. Leide,
1858-62. 5 vols. 8vo.
S. F. G. Sibthorp (J.). Flora grÆca.... London, 1806-40.
10 vols. Fol.
S. H. Ivy Hibberd (Shirley). The Ivy: a Monograph. London,
1872. 8vo.
Sw. Ger. Sweet (Robert). GeraniaceÆ, the natural order of
Gerania. 1828-1830.
Sy. En. B. Syme (J. T. B.), now Boswell. English Botany....
Ed. 3. London, 1863-85. 12 vols. 8vo.
S. Z. F. J. Siebold (P. F. von) and Zuccarini (J. G.). Flora
Japonica.... Lugd. Bat., 1835-44. Fol.
T. H. S. Transactions of the Horticultural Society. London,
1805-29. 7 vols. 4to.
T. L. S. Transactions of the LinnÆan Society. London,
1791-1875. 30 vols. 4to.*
T. S. M. Emerson (G. B.). Trees and Shrubs ... of Massachusetts.
Boston, Ed. 2, 1875. 2 vols. 8vo.
W. D. B. Watson (P. W.). Dendrologia Britannica. London.
1825. 2 vols. 8vo.
W. F. A. See G. W. F. A.
W. O. A. Warner (R.) and Williams (B. S.). The Orchid
Album. London, 1882. 4to.*
W. S. O. Warner (R.). Select Orchidaceous Plants. London,
Series i, 1862-65. Fol.
Series ii, 1865-75. Fol.
W. & F. Woods and Forests. 1883-4. 1 vol. 4to.

* Is still in course of publication.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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