|
| Settlements within the Empire by land and by sea | 87 |
| Franks, Burgundians, Goths, Vandals | 87-88 |
| Early history of the Goths | 88-89 |
| The West-Gothic kingdom in Gaul and Spain | 89-90 |
| Alans, Suevi, Vandals; the Vandals in Africa | 89-90 |
| The Franks; use of the name Francia | 91 |
| Alemans, Thuringians; Low-Dutch tribes | 91 |
| The Frankish dominions; Roman Germany Teutonized afresh; peculiar position of the Franks | 91-93 |
| Celtic remnant in Armorica or Britanny | 93 |
| The Burgundians; various uses of the name Burgundy; separate history of Provence | 93-94 |
| Inroads of the Huns; battle of ChÂlons; origin of Venice | 94 |
| Nominal reunion of the Empire in 476 | 94 |
| Reigns of Odoacer and Theodoric | 94-95 |
| § 4. Settlement of the English in Britain. |
| Withdrawal of the Roman troops from Britain | 95 |
| Special character of the English Conquest of Britain | 96 |
| The Low-Dutch settlers, Angles, Saxons, Jutes; origin of the name English | 97 |
| The Welsh and Scots | 98 |
| § 5. The Eastern Empire. |
| Comparison of the two Empires; no Teutonic settlements in the Eastern | 98 |
| The Tetraxite Goths | 98 |
| Rivalry with Parthia continued under the revived Persian kingdom | 98-99 |
| Position of Armenia | 99 |
| Momentary conquests of Trajan | 99 |
| Conquests of Marcus, Severus, and Diocletian; cessions of Jovian | 100 |
| Division of Armenia; Hundred Years’ Peace | 100 |
| Summary | 101-102 |
| CHAPTER V. |
| THE FINAL DIVISION OF THE EMPIRE. |
| § 1. The Reunion of the Empire. |
| Continued existence of the Empire; position of the Teutonic kings | 103 |
| Extent of the Empire at the accession of Justinian | 104 |
| Conquests of Justinian; their effects | 104-106 |
| Provence ceded to the Franks | 105 |
| § 2. Settlement of the Lombards in Italy. |
| Early history of the Lombards; GepidÆ, Avars | 106-107 |
| Possibility of Teutonic powers on the Danube | 107 |
| Lombard conquest of Italy; its partial nature; territory kept by the Empire | 107-108 |
| § 3. Rise of the Saracens. |
| Loss of the Spanish province by the Empire | 108 |
| Wars of Chosroes and Heraclius | 109 |
| Extension of Roman power on the Euxine | 109-110 |
| Relation of the Arabs to Rome and Persia | 110 |
| Union of the Arabs under Mahomet; renewed Aryan and Semitic strife | 171 |
| The immediate Roman province; other metropolitan sees | 171-172 |
| § 3. The Ecclesiastical Divisions of Gaul and Germany. |
| Gaulish and German dioceses | 172 |
| Provinces of Southern Gaul; position of Lyons | 172-173 |
| New metropolitan sees; Toulouse, Alby, Avignon, Paris; comparison of civil and ecclesiastical divisions | 174 |
| Provinces of Northern Gaul and Germany; history of Mainz | 178-179 |
| The archiepiscopal electors; other German provinces; Salzburg, Bremen, Magdeburg | 176-177 |
| Modern arrangements in France, Germany, and the Netherlands | 177 |
| § 4. The Ecclesiastical Divisions of Spain. |
| Peculiarities of Spanish ecclesiastical geography; effects of the Saracen conquest | 178 |
| Gothic and later dioceses; neglect of the PyrenÆan barrier | 178-179 |
| § 5. The Ecclesiastical Divisions of the British Islands. |
| Analogy between Britain and Spain | 179 |
| Tribal nature of the Celtic episcopate | 179-180 |
| Scheme of Gregory the Great; the two English provinces; relation of Scotland to York | 180-181 |
| Foundation of the English sees; territorial bishoprics | 181 |
| Canterbury and its suffragan; effects of the Norman Conquest | 181-182 |
| Province of York; Scotland and Ireland | 182-183 |
| § 6. The Ecclesiastical Divisions of Northern and Eastern Europe. |
| The Scandinavian provinces; Lund, Upsala, Trondhjem | 184 |
| Poland and neighbouring lands; Gnezna, Riga, Leopol | 184-185 |
| Provinces of Hungary and Dalmatia | 186 |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| THE IMPERIAL KINGDOMS. |
| The German Kingdom; its relation to the Western Empire; falling off of Italy and Burgundy | 188-190 |
| Loss of territory by the German kingdom; its extension to the north-east | 190-191 |
| Geographical contrast of the earlier and the later Empire | 191 |
| § 1. The Kingdom of Germany. |
| Changes of boundaries and nomenclature in Germany; Saxony; Bavaria; Austria; Burgundy; Prussia | 191-192 |
| Extent of the Kingdom; fluctuations of its western boundary; Lorraine; Elsass; the left bank of the Rhine | 192-194 |
| Fluctuations on the Burgundian frontier; union of Burgundy with the Empire | 194 |
| Frontier of Germany and Italy; union of the crowns | 195 |
| Northern and eastern advance of the Empire; the marks | 195 |
| Hungarian frontier; marks of Austria, Carinthia, and Carniola | 196 |
| Danish frontier; Danish mark; boundary of the Eider | 196 |
| The Slavonic frontier | 197 |
| The Saxon mark; Slavonic princes of Mecklenburg, LÜbeck; the Hansa | 198-199 |
| Marks of Brandenburg, Lausitz, and Meissen | 199 |
| Bohemia and Moravia | 199 |
| Polish frontier; Pomerania, Silesia | 200 |
| Germanization of the Slavonic lands | 200-201 |
| Internal geography; growth of the principalities | The neighbouring states; position of the Parisian kings | 330 |
| The kings less powerful than the dukes; advantages of their kingship; first advances of the kings | 331 |
| The House of Anjou; gradual union of Normandy, Anjou, Maine, Aquitaine, and Gascony | 331-333 |
| Acquisition of continental Normandy, Anjou, &c. | 333-334 |
| The English kings keep Aquitaine and insular Normandy | 334 |
| Sudden greatness of France | 334 |
| Fiefs of Aragon in Southern Gaul; counts of Toulouse and Barcelona | 334-335 |
| Effects of the Albigensian war; French annexations; Roussillon and Barcelona freed from homage | 335 |
| Languedoc | 335 |
| Other annexations of Saint Lewis | 335-336 |
| Annexation of Champagne; temporary possession of Navarre | 336-337 |
| The Hundred Years’ War; relations between France and Aquitaine; momentary possession of Aquitaine by Philip the Fair | 337 |
| Peace of Bretigny; Aquitaine and other lands freed from homage | 337-338 |
| Peace of Troyes; momentary union of the French and English crowns | 338 |
| Final annexation of Aquitaine; beginning of the modern French kingdom | 338-339 |
| Growths of the Dukes of Burgundy; the towns on the Somme; momentary annexation of Artois and the County of Burgundy | 339-340 |
| Annexation of the duchy of Burgundy; Flanders and Artois released from homage; analogy with Aquitaine | 340-343 |
| § 2. Foreign Annexations of France. |
| Relations between France and England; Boulogne; Dunkirk | 341-342 |
| Relations between France and Spain; Roussillon; Navarre; Andorra | 342-343 |
| Advance at the cost of the Imperial kingdoms, first Burgundy, then Germany | 343 |
| Effect of the Burgundian conquests of France; relations with Savoy and Switzerland | 344 |
| History of the Langue d’oc | 345 |
| French dominion in Italy; slight extent of real annexation | 345-346 |
| French annexations from Germany; the Three Bishoprics; effect of isolated conquests | 346 |
| French acquisitions in Elsass; France reaches and passes the Rhine; increased isolation | 347-348 |
| Temporary annexation of Bar; annexation of Roussillon; advance in the Netherlands | 348-349 |
| Annexation of Franche ComtÉ and BesanÇon; seizure of Strassburg; annexation of Orange | 349-350 |
| Annexation of Lorraine; thorough incorporation of French conquests; effect of geographical continuity | 350-351 |
| Purchase of Corsica; its effects; birth of Buonaparte | 351-352 |
| § 3. The Colonial Dominion of France. |
| French colonies in North America; Acadia; Canada; Louisiana | 352 |
| Colonial rivalry of France and England; English conquest of Canada | 353 |
| French West India Islands | 353 |
| The French power in India; Bourbon and Mauritius | 353-354 |
| § 4. Acquisitions of France during the Revolutionary Wars. |
| Distinction between the Republican and ‘Imperial’ Conquests | 355-356 |
| First class of annexations; Avignon, MÜlhausen, Montbeliard; Geneva; bishopric of Basel | 355 |
| 418 |
| Turkish conquest of PeloponnÊsos; independence of Maina | 419 |
| Revolutions of Epeiros; dismemberment of the despotat; recovery of Epeiros by the Empire | 419 |
| Servian conquests; beginning of the Albanian power; kings of the house of Thopia | 419-420 |
| Servian dynasty in southern Epeiros; kingdom of Thessaly; Turkish conquest | 420 |
| The Buondelmonti in Northern Epeiros; history of the house of Tocco; Karlili; effects of their rule | 420-421 |
| Turkish conquest of Albania; revolt of Scanderbeg; Turkish reconquest | 421 |
| Empire of Trebizond; its relations to Constantinople | 422 |
| Turkish conquest of Trebizond; of Perateia or Gothia | 422-423 |
| § 6. The Slavonic States. |
| Effects of the Latin conquest on the Slavonic states | 423 |
| Comparison of Servia and Bulgaria; extent of Servia; its relation to the Empire; conquest by Manuel KomnÊnos; Servia independent | 423-424 |
| Relations towards Hungary; shiftings of Rama or Bosnia | 424-425 |
| Southern advance of Servia; Empire of Stephen Dushan | 425 |
| Break-up of the Servian power; the later Servian kingdom; conquests and deliverances of Servia | 426 |
| Kingdom of Bosnia; loss of Jayce; duchy of Saint Saba or Herzegovina; Turkish conquest of Bosnia; of Herzegovina | 426-427 |
| The Balsa at Skodra; loss of Skodra; beginning of Tzernagora or Montenegro | 428 |
| Loss of Zabljak; establishment of Tzetinje | 428 |
| The Vladikas; the lay princes | 429 |
| Montenegrin conquests and losses | 428-429 |
| Greatest extent of the third Bulgarian kingdom; its decline; shiftings of the frontier towards the Empire; Philippopolis | 429-430 |
| Break-up of the kingdom; principality of Dobrutcha; Turkish conquest | 430-431 |
| § 7. The Kingdom of Hungary. |
| Character and position of the Hungarian kingdom | 431-432 |
| Great Moravia overthrown by the Magyars; their relations to the two Empires | 432-433 |
| The two Chrobatias separated by the Magyars; their geographical position | 433-434 |
| Kingdom of Hungary; its relations to Croatia and Slavonia | 434 |
| Transsilvania or SiebenbÜrgen; origin of the name; German and other colonies | 435 |
| Origin of the Roumans; their northern migration | 435-436 |
| Rouman element in the third Bulgarian kingdom; occupation of the lands beyond the Danube; Great and Little Wallachia; Transsilvania; Moldavia | 436-437 |
| Conquests of Lewis the Great; Dalmatia; occupation of Halicz and Vladimir; pledging of Zips | 437 |
| Turkish invasion; disputes for Dalmatia | 438 |
| Reign of Matthias Corvinus; extension of Hungary east and west | 438 |
| Loss of Belgrade; the Austrian kings; Turkish conquest of Hungary; fragment kept by the Austrian kings; their tribute to the Turk; the Rouman lands | 438-439 |
| Recovery of Hungary from the Turk; peace of Carlowitz; of Passarowitz; losses at the peace of Belgrade | 439-440 |
| Galicia and Lodomeria; Bukovina; Dalmatia | 440-441 |
| Annexation of Spizza; administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina; renewed vassalage to the Turk | 440-441 |
| § 8. The Ottoman Power. |
| The Ottoman Turks;
d align="left">Analogy with Switzerland | 549 |
| The three elements in the later Scotland; English, British, Irish; Lothian, Strathclyde, Scotland | 549 |
| The Picts; their union with the Scots; Scottish Strathclyde; Galloway | 550 |
| Scandinavian settlements; Caithness and Sutherland | 550 |
| English supremacy; taking of Edinburgh; grants of Cumberland and Lothian | 550-551 |
| Difference of tenure gradually forgotten | 551 |
| Effects of the grant of Lothian; shiftings of Cumberland, Carlisle, and Northumberland | 551-552 |
| Boundary of England and Scotland; relations between the kingdoms | 552 |
| Struggle with the Northmen; recovery of Caithness, Galloway, and the Sudereys | 553 |
| History of Man; of Orkney | 553 |
| § 2. The Kingdom of England. |
| Changes of boundary toward Wales; conquests of Harold | 553 |
| Norman conquest of North Wales | 554 |
| Princes of North Wales; English conquest | 554 |
| The principality of Wales; full incorporation with England | 554-555 |
| The English shires; two classes of shires; ancient principalities; shires mapped out in the tenth century | 555 |
| The new shires; Cumberland, Westmoreland, Lancashire, Rutland | 555-556 |
| § 3. Ireland. |
| Ireland the first Scotland; its provinces | 556 |
| Settlements of the Ostmen; increasing connexion with England; the English conquest; fluctuations of the Pale | 556-557 |
| Lordship and kingdom of Ireland; its relations to England and Great Britain | 557 |
| § 4. Outlying European Possessions of England. |
| The Norman Islands; Aquitaine, Calais, &c. | 558 |
| Outposts and islands | 558 |
| Greek possessions; the Ionian Islands; Cyprus | 558-559 |
| § 5. The American Colonies of England. |
| The United States of America | 559 |
| First English settlements; Virginia; the New England States; Maryland; Carolina | 559-561 |
| Settlements of the United Provinces and Sweden; New Netherlands; New Sweden; New York | 561 |
| The Jerseys; Pennsylvania; Delaware; Georgia | 561-562 |
| The thirteen Colonies; their independence | 562 |
| Nova Scotia; Canada; Louisiana; Florida | 562-563 |
| A new English nation formed; lack of a name; use of the name America | 563-564 |
| Second English nation in North America; the Canadian confederation | 564 |
| The West India Islands, &c. | 565 |
| § 6. Other Colonies and Possessions of England. |
| The Australian colonies | 565-566 |
| The South-African colonies | 566 |
| Europe extended by colonization; contrast with barbaric dominion; Empire of India | 567 |
| Summary | 568-569 |
| Index | 571 |
