Abolitionists, views on reconstruction, 60-61.
Adams, C.F., candidate for presidential nomination, 287.
Advertiser, Boston, Sidney Andrews as correspondent for, 28.
Advertiser of Montgomery, and education, 212.
Agriculture in the South, 267-269, 271, 273-274.
Alabama, corruption, 10-11; poverty, 14; Protestant Episcopal churches closed, 23; labor, 47, 110, 268; negro legislation, 97; courts, 111; and Fourteenth Amendment, 132; negro voters, 151, 222; constitutional convention, 153; constitution, 153-154, 155; abstention policy, 155, 156, 158, 223; readmitted, 157, 170; Union League in, 189; negro churches, 206; schools, 215; illiterate magistrates, 225; negro legislators, 226; taxes, 231; public debt, 232; decrease in property values, 233; value of railroads, 236; negro voting, 238; two governments in, 239; legislature, 240; vigilance committee, 245; Ku Klux in, 246; partially Democratic in 1870, 260; permits mixed marriages, 276; and radicalism, 290; election (1874), 293.
Alabama claims, 283.
Alabama, University of, 3, 210, 216.
Alexandria (Va.), Virginia Government transferred to, 65, 74.
Alvord, J.W., quoted, 211.
Amendments, see Constitution.
Ames, General Adelbert, commands military district, 141 (note).
Amnesty, Johnson's proclamation, 9, 75; use of pardoning power, 87; Act of 1872, 288-289; measure (1876), 295.
Anderson, T.C., of Louisiana, 298.
Andrew, J.A., Governor of Massachusetts, reconstruction policy, 61-62, 68.
Andrews, General Garnett, on fear of negroes, 278.
Andrews, Sidney, correspondent for Boston Advertiser, 28.
Appomattox, Grant at, 280.
Arkansas, 262; recognizes "Union" State government, 18; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1862), 65; Johnson recognizes government, 74; negro labor, 99; representatives refused admission to Congress, 119; abstention policy in regard to constitution, 155, 156, 170; schools, 215; scalawags in, 222; corruption, 233; railroad grant, 235; split in state government, 239; election (1874), 293.
Armstrong's Hampton Institute, see Hampton Institute.
Army, officers assist civil authorities in South, 75-76; utilizes negro labor, 99-100; military rule in South, 135, 140 et seq.; see also Occupation, Army of.
Ashley, J.M., of Ohio, 160.
Atlanta (Ga.), post-war condition, 5.
Attakapas Parish (La.), Ku Klux incident, 254-255. B. Banks, General Nathaniel, and captured slaves, 99.
Baptist Church, 198, 202.
Beauregard, General P.G.T., on negro suffrage, 147-148.
Bingham, J.A., and impeachment of Johnson, 166.
Black, Jeremiah, and impeachment of Johnson, 166.
"Black Belt," post-war condition, 40-41; industrial revolution in, 265-267; and whites, 271; cotton production, 271-272 (note); domination of South by, 304; see also South.
Black Cavalry, 245.
Black Friday episode, 283.
"Black Laws," 89-90, 93-98, 115-116, 127, 141; see also Negroes, legislation.
Blaine, J.G., quoted, 125; and Republican party, 295.
Blair, F.P., of Missouri, Democratic nomination (1868), 168-169.
"Bloody shirt" issue in campaign of 1876, 295-296.
Border States, reconstruction in, 85-86; see also South.
Botts, J.M., of Virginia, 107.
Boutwell, G.S., radical leader, 122, 125; and tenure of office act, 134; and impeachment of Johnson, 166.
Boynton, General H.V.N., on Southern need of supplies, 5-6.
Bradley, Justice J.P., on electoral commission, 300.
"Brothers and Sisters of Pleasure and Prosperity," 275.
Brown, J.E., Governor of Georgia, and negro education, 212.
Brown, Gratz, candidate for presidential nomination, 287.
Brownlow, W.G., Governor of Tennessee, 224.
Bruce, B.K., negro senator, 242 (note).
Buchanan, General R.C., commands military district in South, 141 (note).
Bullock County (Ala.), Union League in, 192.
Butler, General B.F., and negro labor, 99; radical, 125; and impeachment of Johnson, 160, 166. C. Campbell, Judge, Lincoln gives reconstruction terms to, 67.
Canby, General, commands military department in South, 140-141 (note), 163.
Cardozo, school official in Mississippi, 216.
Carpetbaggers, appointed to Federal offices, 80; in radical Republican party, 149; in conventions, 153; and Union League, 193; and religion, 205; rule in South, 221 et seq.; use of term, 222; and equal rights issue, 275-276; government in hands of, 289 (note); against scalawags, 292.
Carter, Speaker of Louisiana Legislature, and railroad bills, 235.
Catholic Church, 23, 198.
Chamberlain, D.H., Governor of South Carolina, 225.
Charleston (S.C.), post-war condition, 5.
Chase, S.P., counsels against seizure of cotton, 9; and negro suffrage, 28, 50, 132; opposed to military reconstruction, 159; advises Johnson against suspending Stanton, 163; and impeachment of Johnson, 166-167.
Civil Rights Act, 84, 137, 141, 277.
Clanton, General J.H., of Alabama, on position of whites, 250.
Clayton, Judge, of Alabama, opinion of Freedmen's Bureau, 90.
Clayton, Mrs., Black and White under the Old RÉgime, quoted, 38-39.
Cleveland, soldiers' and sailors' convention at, 130; Union League formed (1862), 176-177.
Clinton (Miss.), race conflict in, 237 (note).
Cloud, school official in Alabama, 216.
Colfax, Schuyler, candidate for Vice President (1868), 168.
Colfax (La.), race conflict in, 237 (note).
Columbia (S.C.), post-war condition, 5.
Congress, impatient of executive precedence, 65-66, 119-120; and Southern representatives, 80, 86, 119-120, 128; refuses to recognize reconstructed governments, 81; Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 82, 84, 121, 125-126, 127, 129-130, 131, 198, 266 (note); Fourteenth Amendment, 82, 85, 130; see also Constitution; radical reconstruction plans, 83-84; radicalism, 83-84, 118 et seq., 285; Civil Rights Act, 84, 137, 141, 277; and Johnson, 126 et seq.; assumes control of reconstruction, 129, 142-143; Tenure of Office Act, 134; Army Appropriation Act, 134; reconstruction acts, 134-137, 158-160; supreme control, 140; and Supreme Court, 158-159; impeachment of President, 160 et seq.; and Grant, 171; negro members, 230, 242; Committee on the Condition of the South, 241; Committee on the Late Insurrectionary States, 241; enforcement acts, 260, 261-262, 290, 292, 303; "Ku Klux Bill," 261, 262; committee to investigate conditions in Southern States, 262; Amnesty Act (1872), 288-289; decline of radicalism, 289 (note), 290; investigates election, 294; amnesty measure (1876), 295; Electoral Commission, 299-300; deadlocked by party issues, 302.
Connecticut and negro suffrage, 285.
Constitution, Johnson and, 72, 162; Thirteenth Amendment, 79; Fourteenth Amendment, 82, 84, 85, 130, 131-133, 135-136, 137, 156, 172; Fifteenth Amendment, 169-170, 171, 172, 222, 290.
Constitutional conventions in South, 152 et seq.
Constitutional Union Guards, 245.
Conway, school official in Louisiana, 216.
Copperheads, 176.
Cotton, tax on, 8; seized, 9-11; destruction of, 11; production (1880), 271-272 (note).
Council of Safety, 245.
Coushatta (La.), race conflict in, 237 (note).
Cowan, administration Republican, 122.
Credit Mobilier, 282.
Crittenden-Johnson resolutions, 55, 69.
Cuba, United States and, 284.
Cumberland Presbyterian Church, 204.
Cummings vs. Missouri, 159.
Curry, J.L.M., and negro education, 212, 214-215.
Curtis, B.R., counsel at impeachment, 166. D. Davis, David, candidate for presidential nomination, 287; and Electoral Commission, 300.
Davis, Jefferson, prayer in Church for, 23; succeeded by negro in Senate, 230; disfranchised, 289; and amnesty, 295.
Davis, Nicholas, characterizes Lakin, 205-206.
De Bow, J.D.B., on negro labor, 266 (note).
Democratic party, and Crittenden-Johnson resolutions, 55, 69; at end of war, 70; Douglas Democrats, 70, 87; and Johnson, 70, 88, 138; "Democratic and Conservative" party, 150; platform (1868), 169; Union League and, 188, 190-191; in Congress from South, 230; Southern Unionists turn to, 277; and Civil Rights Act, 277; "New Departure," Democrats, 287; supports Greeley, 288; and election of 1876, 297-298; and Electoral Commission, 300; during period of adjustment, 302, 303.
Dennison, William, resigns from Cabinet, 131.
District of Columbia, negro suffrage in, 134; corruption, 282.
Dixon, James, administration Republican, 122.
Dixon, W.H., 29.
Doolittle, administration Republican, 122.
Douglass, Frederick, quoted, 37-38. E. Eaton, John, chaplain in Grant's army, 99.
Eaton, Colonel John, 106.
Education, negro, 45; Freedmen's Bureau and, 111-112; in South, 208-220.
Elections under carpetbag rule, 237-239.
Electoral Commission, 299-300.
Emancipation Proclamation, 36, 176.
Enforcement acts, 260-261, 290, 292, 303.
Episcopal Church, 198, 204.
Evarts, W.M., counsel at impeachment, 166.
Ewing, Thomas, nominated Secretary of War, 164. F. Fessenden, General, Freedmen's Bureau official, 106.
Fessenden, W.P., moderate Republican, 122; and negro suffrage, 132.
Finance, post-war condition in South, 2, 5; war taxes, 8; license taxes, 76; repudiation of Confederate war debt, 77, 130; under military governors, 145-146; effect of bad government in South, 230-236; credit system, 270; readjustments, 283; panic of 1873, 283.
Fish, C.R., The Path of Empire, cited, 284 (note).
Fisk, General, criticism of Kentucky Legislature, 113.
Fisk, James, 283, 286.
Florida, negro colony in, 36; negro legislation, 96; and Fourteenth Amendment, 132; negro voters, 151; schools, 215; recitation in negro school, 218-219; and reconstruction government, 221; corruption, 226; taxes, 231; decrease in property values, 233; Equal Rights Law, 276; and radicals, 294, 295; election of 1876, 297, 298.
Forrest, General, Grand Wizard of Ku Klux, 248, 259.
Freedmen, see Negroes.
Freedmen's Aid Societies, 177, 207, 213.
Freedmen's Bureau, 38, 81, 82, 85, 86, 90, 126, 161, 187; confiscable property turned over to, 11; official describes conditions in South, 13-14; as relief agency, 15; in Kentucky, 26; as publicity agent, 28; and contract labor, 46; on relations between races, 48; agitators from, 53; extension, 74, 84, 128, 129; and negroes, 80, 142, 149, 175; views of North carried out in, 89; influence on legislation and government, 94, 97, 143; officials of, 97, 98-99; character of, 98; established (1865), 102-103; functions, 103-104, 107-109; objections to, 104-105, 112-113; organization, 105-107; courts, 110-111, 113-114; educational work, 111-112; political possibilities, 115; results, 116-117; and radicals, 131, 156; Union League and, 177, 188, 194 (note), 195; negro education, 213.
Freedmen's Bureau Act, 128, 129, 137.
Freedmen's Inquiry Commission, 101.
"Freedmen's Readers," 218.
FrÉmont, J.C., and the radicals, 119.
Fullerton, General, and Freedmen's Bureau, 106, 113; on treatment of negroes, 112-113. G. Garfield, J.A., 132.
Garland, ex parte, 159.
Geneva Arbitration (1872), 283.
Georgetown (D.C.), vote on negro suffrage in, 134.
Georgia, poverty in, 14; government relief, 15; negro colony in, 36; courts, 111, 113; military government, 143, 144; suit against Stanton, 159; military rule resumed, 170; reconstruction in, 171-172, 221; legislature, 172, 240; representatives in Congress, 172, 289 (note); negro voters, 222; Godkin characterizes officials of, 226; holds mixed marriages illegal, 276; conservatives gain control in, 290; election (1868), 299.
Gillem, General, commands military department, 141 (note).
Godkin, E.L., quoted, 180 (note); on Georgia politicians, 226.
Gordon, J.B., and negro education, 212.
Gould, Jay, 283, 286.
Grant, U.S., 186, 224, 280, 297; urges use of white troops in South, 21; orders arrest of paroled Confederates, 22; report on South, 28, 29; protests arrest of Southern military leaders, 74; and captured slaves, 99; and Freedmen's Bureau, 106; Army Appropriation Act, 134; radicalism, 141 (note), 239-240; Congress gives full powers to, 143; temporarily Secretary of War, 163; and Stanton, 163, 165; nominated by National Union party, 168; elected President, 169; reconstruction, 171; and enforcement acts, 260-261; expansionist, 283-284; vote for, 285-286; appointees, 286; reËlection, 288; refuses to interfere in Mississippi, 291; restores Kellogg to office, 294.
Greeley, Horace, candidate for Presidency, 287-288.
Greene, S.S., quoted, 208.
Groesbeck, W.S., counsel at impeachment, 166.
Guthrie, James, Democratic leader, 122. H. Hahn, Michael, Governor of Louisiana, Lincoln's letter to, 66-67.
Hail Columbia sung at Union League initiation, 183.
Halleck, General H.W., orders in regard to marriage, 20.
Hampton, General Wade, 174, 175; letter to Johnson, 31; and negro suffrage, 51; and Freedmen's Bureau, 107.
Hampton Institute, 220; teacher's remark on negro education, 211-212.
Hancock, General W.S., commands military department, 141 (note), 163.
Hardee, General W.J., quoted, 244.
Harlan, James, resigns from Cabinet, 131.
Harris, I.G., on Johnson, 72.
Hayes, R.B., candidate for presidency, 296, 297, 298; elected, 300, 301; and radicalism, 302.
Hell Hole Swamp, 234.
Hendricks, T.A., Democratic leader, 122.
Herald, New York, Knox as correspondent of, 28; on radical reconstruction, 148.
Heroes of America, 179, 245.
Hill, B.H., of Georgia, and "Jim Crow" theory, 277.
Hill, General D.H., of North Carolina, 279 (note).
Hill, Thomas, President of Harvard, 209.
Holden, W.W., provisional governor of North Carolina, 75, 77, 224, 232; and Union League, 185, 189.
Home Guards, 245.
Howard, General O.O., head of Freedmen's Bureau, 105.
Humphreys, B.G., Governor of Mississippi, opinion of Freedmen's Bureau, 90; advocates civil equality, 91. I. Immigration to South, negroes against, 268.
Impeachment of President, 160 et seq.
Irish, South Carolina imports, 271. J. Jackson (Miss.), post-war condition, 5.
Jews in South, 23, 274.
Jillson, school official in South Carolina, 216.
"Jim Crow," car, 95; theory of "separate but equal" rights, 277.
John Brown's Body sung in Union League initiation, 184.
Johnson, Andrew, amnesty proclamation, 9, 75; policies opposed by Andrews, 28; and negro suffrage, 50, 78; reconstruction policy, 57-58, 73 et seq., 83; military governor of Tennessee, 65; nomination, 70; personal characteristics, 71-72, 73; adopts Lincoln's policy, 73, 88; and Congress, 80 et seq., 118, 119, 120-121, 126 et seq., 288; use of pardoning power, 87; speechmaking tour to the West, 131; impeachment, 158 et seq.; and Stanton, 163-165.
Johnson, Reverdy, 122. K. Kansas and negro suffrage, 156, 285.
Kelley, "Pig Iron," of Pennsylvania, 150.
Kellogg, W.P., Governor of Louisiana, 224-225, 294.
Kentucky, Confederates in, 25-26; and abolition of slavery, 36; exception in reconstruction problem, 86.
Knights of the Golden Circle, 176.
Knights of the White Camelia, 237, 246, 251-252, 259.
Knox, T.W., correspondent for New York Herald, 28.
Ku Klux Klan, 191, 237, 243 et seq., 290; development, 49, 243-246; and Freedmen's Bureau, 107; and Union League, 194 (note); activities, 207, 219, 240, 252 et seq., 263-264; organization, 246-249; objects, 249-250, 252, 263; report of Federal commanders, 250-251; political effects, 260-261; "Ku Klux Act," 261-262; and negro suffrage, 291. L. Labor, free negro, 45-47, 266-267, 272-273; Freedmen's Bureau, 46, 109-110, 266; testimony of Joint Committee concerning, 82; importation of labor, 268.
Lakin, Rev. A.S., agent of Northern Methodist Church in Alabama, 205-206, 207-208.
Land, price after Civil War, 4; fertilizers for, 271, 272.
Lanier, Sidney, letter to Taylor, quoted, 279-280.
Latham, Henry, 29.
Lee, General R.E., president of Washington College, 17-18; and his uniform, 20; letter to Letcher, 31, 32; kneels beside negro in church, 44; witness before Joint Committee, 125; and military reconstruction, 147; disfranchised, 289.
Legislation, Negro, see "Black Laws."
Leslie, South Carolina carpetbagger, 225.
Letcher, John, Governor of Virginia, Lee writes to, 31, 32.
Lewis, D.P., of Alabama, and Union League, 189.
Lincoln, Abraham, and negro suffrage, 50, 66-67; reconstruction policy, 55-57, 58, 62; and Wade-Davis Bill, 56, 66, 120; last speech quoted, 56-57; reconstruction plan put to trial, 63-68; Proclamation of December, 1863, 64, 119; and Congress, 65-66, 67-68; nominated by National Union party (1864), 70; second Cabinet, 70; and radicalism, 119; vote for (1864), 285.
Lincoln Brotherhood, 275.
Lindsay, R.B., Governor of Alabama, on Northern missionaries, 205.
Longstreet, General James, 147.
Louisiana, recognizes "Union" state government, 18; Whitelaw Reid in, 28; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1862), 65; Johnson recognizes government of, 74; treatment of negroes by army in, 99; Freedmen's Bureau courts in, 113; representatives refused admission to Congress, 119-120; military government in, 144; negro voters, 151, 152, 222, 239; equal rights legislation, 154, 275, 276; schools, 215, 217; carpetbag rule, 221; conservatives, 223; corruption, 225, 233-234, 235; legislature, 226, 227, 240; taxes, 231; public debt, 232; decrease in property values, 233; negro militia, 236-237, two governments in, 239; government over-turned, 240-241, omitted from Federal investigation, 262; labor, 268; and radicalism, 290, 294, 295; elections, 293-294, 297, 298, 299.
Louisiana State Seminary, 3.
Louisiana State University, 217.
Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 7.
Loyal League, see Union League.
Lynch, negro officeholder, 242 (note). M. McCardle, ex parte, 159-160.
McCulloch, Hugh, Secretary of Treasury, and seizure of cotton in South, 9-10; and Johnson, 74, 163.
McDowell, General Irvin, commands military district, 141 (note).
McPherson, Edward, clerk of the House, 121.
Marvin, William, Governor of Florida, on status of negroes, 91, 92, 93.
Maryland, disfranchisement in, 25-26; state emancipation in, 36; and negro suffrage, 285.
Meade, General G.G., commands military district, 140-141 (note).
Memminger, C. G., Governor of South Carolina, on status of freedmen, 90-91, 92-93.
Memphis (Tenn.), 185; race riots in, 83, 131, 175; convention of Confederate soldiers and sailors at, 130; surrenders charter, 233.
Men of Justice, 245.
Methodist Church, 198, 199-201, 202, 203-204, 208.
Metropolitan Guard, 237.
Michigan rejects negro suffrage, 156, 285.
Milligan, ex parte, 159.
Minnesota rejects negro suffrage, 156, 285.
Mississippi, poverty in, 14; rejects Thirteenth Amendment, 79; negro legislation in, 94, 95-96; treatment of negroes by army in, 99; courts, 111; military government, 143, 144, 157; negro voters, 151, 222; constitution, 153-154, 155; suit against President, 159; reconstruction fails in, 170; and radicalism, 171; schools, 215, 217, 218; conservatives, 223; negroes in legislature, 226; taxes, 231; negro militia, 236; and enforcement acts, 261; permits mixed marriages, 276; unrepresented in Congress, 289 (note); Grant and interference in, 291; elections (1875), 293.
Mississippi River, negro colonies along, 37.
Mississippi Shot Gun Plan, 263, 294.
Mississippi, University of, 216.
Missouri, and Confederates, 26; state emancipation in, 36; rejects negro suffrage, 285.
Mobile (Ala.), post-war condition, 5; surrenders charter, 233.
Montgomery (Ala.), separate organization of Baptist Church in, 203; negro education, 212; Ku Klux proclamation, 257-258.
Montgomery Conference on Race Problems (1900), Proceedings quoted, 214-215.
Moore, Governor, and negro education, 212.
Morgan, E.D., Senator, and Freedmen's Bureau Act, 129.
Morton, O.P., of Indiana, 125; on negro suffrage, 300-301.
Moses, F.J., Jr., Governor of South Carolina, 224.
Moses, Judge, in South Carolina, 225. N. Nash, negro officeholder, 242 (note).
Nation, New York, 180 (note); editorial on post-war church situation quoted, 201 (note); on corruption of government, 226.
National Teachers Association meeting (1865), 208.
National Union party, Republican party becomes, 70; Whigs and Douglas Democrats join, 70-71; convention at Philadelphia, 130; nominates Grant, 168.
Negro Affairs, Department of, 177.
Negroes, as soldiers in South, 21-22; problems of reconstruction, 34 et seq.; health conditions among, 41-42; morals and manners, 42-43; poverty, 44-45; education, 44-45, 209, 211-220; relations with whites, 47-48, 277-278; lawlessness, 48-49; suffrage, 49-52, 58, 66-67, 78, 84, 85, 134, 169, 284-285, 300-301, 304; Lincoln urges deportation of freedmen, 66; legislation concerning, 77-78, 89-90, 93-98, 115-116, 127, 141; status at close of war, 89 et seq.; Freedmen's Bureau supervises, 109; Union League and, 181 et seq.; religion, 201-206; rule in South, 221 et seq.; in Congress, 230, 242; and state offices, 242; and Ku Klux, 258; anti-negro movements, 263; labor, 266, 272; "privileges," 269; advantages, 270-271; as farmers, 271-274; change in condition during reconstruction, 274-275; mixed marriages, 276.
Nelson, counsel at impeachment, 166.
New England, and negro suffrage, 156, 285; Freedmen's Aid Society, 209.
New Orleans, negro soldiers in, 21-22; riots in, 83, 131, 175, 237 (note); Northern teachers in, 210; public debt, 232; Federal officials at, 241.
New York, charity for relief of South, 14; and negro suffrage, 156, 284.
New York City, Union League organized, 177; headquarters for Union League, 181; corruption in, 282.
Nordhoff, Charles, 291; The Cotton States in the Spring and Summer of 1875, cited, 232 (note).
Norfolk, "contraband" camp, 36.
North, free negroes of, 35-36; planters from, 49; capital and labor from, 268; change in attitude toward South, 282; politics, 291.
North Carolina, negro colonies in, 36, 99; Johnson proclaims restoration of, 75; committee on laws for freedmen, 91, 92; courts, 111; negro voters, 152; Union League, 185, 186, 194; carpetbag rule, 221; public debt, 232; negro militia, 236; Democratic in 1870, 260; and enforcement acts, 261; conservatives gain control of, 290.
North Carolina, University of, 216. O. Occupation, Army of, 18-22, 81; see also Army.
Ohio rejects negro suffrage, 156, 285.
Ord, General E.O.C., commands military division, 140 (note).
Oregon, election of 1876, 297, 298.
Orr, J.L., and negro education, 212.
Orth, S.P., The Boss and the Machine, cited, 282 (note). P. Pale Faces, 245, 251.
Patton, R.M., Governor of Alabama, 174, 175; and negro suffrage, 51, 78; and contract labor, 110; and negro education, 212.
Peabody Board, 217-218.
"Peace Societies," 149, 179, 245.
Perry, B.F., Governor of South Carolina, and negro suffrage, 78-79.
Pettus, General, quoted, 250.
Phelps, J.S., military governor of Arkansas, 65.
Philadelphia, convention of National Union party at, 130; Union League organized (1863), 177.
Phillips, Wendell, Johnson and, 128.
Pike, J.S., 291; account of conditions in South Carolina, 16-17; The Prostrate State, quoted, 227-230.
Pinchback, P.B.S., negro officeholder, 242 (note).
Pittsburgh, soldiers' and sailors' convention at, 130.
Politics, theoretical basis of, 54-55; see also names of parties.
Pope, General John, commands military district, 140-141 (note).
Poverty, of South after Civil War, 13-14; among negroes, 44.
Presbyterian Church, 198-199, 204.
Prescript, constitution of Ku Klux Klan, 248, 249.
Professions in South after Civil War, 16.
Propaganda, campaign of misrepresentation against South, 82-83; by Union League, 177-178; see also Publicity.
Publicity, newspaper correspondents in South, 27-29.
Pulaski (Tenn.), Ku Klux Klan originates at, 246; Ku Klux incident, 255. Q. Quakers, opinion as to secession, 198. R. Radicalism, 118 et seq.; decline of, 289-294.
Railroads, post-war condition in South, 6-7; dishonest speculation, 234-236.
Rainey, negro officeholder, 242 (note).
Randolph, Ryland, editor of Tuscaloosa Independent Monitor, 146, 243-244.
Raymond, administration Republican, 122.
Reconstruction, problems in South, 1 et seq., 86; negro as central figure, 34 et seq.; executive plans for, 54 et seq.; Crittenden-Johnson resolutions, 55; Democratic party on, 69; Joint Committee on, 82, 84, 121, 125-126, 127, 129-130, 131, 198, 266 (note); congressional policy of, 134-139; political issue, 169, 294-295; results of radical policy, 302-304; bibliography, 305-307.
Red String Band, 179, 245.
Reed, Governor of Florida, 276.
Refugees, 14, 108.
Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, Bureau of, 102; see also Freedmen's Bureau.
Reid, Whitelaw, relates incident of Confederate uniforms, 20-21; as newspaper correspondent, 28; interview with Hampton, 51-52.
Relief agencies, after Civil War, 14-15; Freedmen's Bureau, 15, 107-109; Government, 15.
Religion, separation of Northern and Southern churches, 23; among negroes, 43-44; in South, 196-208; military censorship in church matters, 197; see also names of denominations.
Republican party, and reconstruction, 63, 295; during Civil War, 69-70; secures negro vote, 115; majority in Congress, 138; in South, 148-149, 151, 292; platform (1868), 169; and the North, 284; negro suffrage, 284-285; loses control in House, 286; Liberal Republican movement, 287; issues (1876), 295-296; and Electoral Commission, 300; decline of strength, 303.
Revels, negro officeholder, 242 (note).
Rhodes, J.F., on congressional policy of reconstruction, 118-119.
Richmond (Va.), post-war condition, 5; Halleck's order in regard to marriage, 20; incident of Lee and a negro in church, 43-44; Lincoln and Confederate Government in, 67.
Rifle Clubs of South Carolina, 245-246, 263.
Roads in Tennessee after Civil War, 4. Saffold, M.J., on negro suffrage, 50.
"Salary Grab," 282.
Santo Domingo, Grant seeks annexation of, 283-284.
Savannah (Ga.), incident relating to Confederate uniforms, 20-21.
Scalawags, in constitutional conventions, 153; desert radicals, 156; disabilities removed, 171; and the churches, 205; use of term, 222.
Schofield, General J.M., 106; commands military district, 140 (note); Secretary of War, 167.
Schuckers, J.W., quoted, 166.
Schurz, Carl, on army of occupation, 19; report on conditions in South, 28, 29, 30; on negro labor, 45-46.
Scott, R.K., Governor of South Carolina, 236.
Sea Islands, negroes sent to, 36, 103, 114.
Seward, W.H., and Jackson, 74; expansionist, 283.
Seymour, Horatio, of New York, 168, 169.
Sharkey, W.L., Governor of Mississippi, 78.
Shepherd, A.R., 282.
Shepley, General G.F., military governor of Louisiana, 65.
Sheridan, General P.H., commands military district, 140-141 (note); Johnson removes, 163; "banditti" report, 241.
Sherman, General W.T., 28, 36; Sea Island order, 103, 114.
Shot Gun Plan, see Mississippi Shot Gun Plan.
Sickles, General D.E., commands military district, 140-141 (note); removed by Johnson, 163.
Slavery, Abolition of, Lincoln and, 58, 66; Johnson and, 58, 76; Sumner and, 59; see also Emancipation Proclamation.
Smith, Gerrit, view of reconstruction, 60-61.
Smith, W.H., Governor of Alabama, 207, 224; quoted, 24.
Somers, Robert, English writer on the South, 4, 28-29, 41-42, 269.
Sons of '76, 245.
South, post-war condition, 2 et seq.; exploitation by Northerners, 26-27; relation between races, 47-48; Presidents' work of reconstruction, 54 et seq.; see also Reconstruction; conference of governors of, 85; military rule in, 140 et seq.; churches, 196-208; schools, 208-220; carpetbag and negro rule, 221 et seq.; social conditions, 265 et seq.
South Carolina, Pike's account of post-war condition, 16-17; negroes on Sea Islands of, 36; negro legislation, 94, 95, 96, 275, 276; negro voters, 151, 152, 222; race lines abolished, 154; schools, 215-216, 217; carpetbag rule, 221, 225; conservatives, 223; judiciary, 225; negroes in legislature of, 226, 227; taxes, 231; public debt, 232; corruption, 234; negro militia, 236; elections, 239, 297, 298; put under martial law, 261; labor, 267, 268; Irish in, 271; and radicalism, 294.
South Carolina, University of, 216-217.
Southwest, Southern whites open lands in, 271.
Spain, relations with United States, 284.
Speed, James, resigns from Cabinet, 131.
Spencer, General, 189.
Stanbery, Henry, Attorney-General, opinion on reconstruction laws, 142; counsel at impeachment, 166.
Stanton, E.M., Secretary of War, 67; draws up army act, 134; radical, 142; Johnson and, 162-163; suit brought against, by Georgia, 159.
Star Routes, 282.
Star Spangled Banner, The, sung at Union League initiation, 183.
Stearns, M.L., Governor of Florida, 224.
Steedman, General J.B., 106, 113.
Stephens, A.H., witness before Joint Committee, 125-126.
Stephenson, N.W., The Day of the Confederacy, cited, 149 (note); Abraham Lincoln and the Union, cited, 176 (note).
Stevens, Thaddeus, reconstruction policy, 59-60, 118, 122-123; and Johnson, 71, 121, 128, 160, 161, 162, 166; radical leader, 122, 127, 133, 173; and negro suffrage, 132; on Military Reconstruction Bill, 135, 138-139; and Alabama, 156.
Stockton, Senator from New Jersey, unseated, 129.
Stoneman, General George, commands military district, 140 (note).
Suffrage, Negro, see Negroes.
Sumner, Charles, reconstruction policy, 58-59, 60, 119; radical leader, 122, 123-124, 127, 133, 173; Johnson and, 128, 162; and negro suffrage, 132; and equal rights, 276-277; and expansion, 284.
Supreme Court, Congress and, 158-160; and Civil Rights Act, 277; and Enforcement Laws, 303.
Swayne, General Wager, head of Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama, 97, 106; on contract labor, 110; and courts, 111; and Union League, 189, 192-193; on negro education, 212.
"Swinging Around the Circle," Johnson's tour of the West, 131. T. Tarbell, General John, before Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 30.
Taxation, see Finance.
Taylor, Bayard, Lanier writes to, 279-280.
Taylor, General Richard, 83.
Tennessee, recognizes "Union" government, 18; imposes fines for wearing Confederate uniform, 20; Confederates in, 25-26; State emancipation in, 36; attitude toward negroes in, 48; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1862), 65; Johnson recognizes government of, 74; reconstruction in, 85; negro labor, 99; readmitted to Congress, 129, 133; and Fourteenth Amendment, 133; negro voters, 222; and enforcement acts, 261; omitted from investigation, 262; conservatives gain control of, 290.
Tennessee Valley after Civil War, 4.
Tenure of office act, 134.
Texas, 152, 157, 262; delay in electing officials, 79; military government in, 143, 144; constitution, 153, 155; reconstruction fails in, 170; radicals in, 171; Confederates go to, 268; unrepresented in Congress, 289 (note); elections (1874), 293.
Thach, president of Alabama Agricultural College, 271-272.
Thomas, General G.H., on sentiment of Tennessee, 24-25.
Thomas, Lorenzo, as acting Secretary of War, 164.
Thompson, Holland, The New South, cited, 218 (note), 294 (note), 303 (note).
Tichenor, Rev. I.T., 202-203.
Tilden, S.J., candidate for presidency, 296, 298, 301.
Tillson, General, quoted, 113.
TourgÉe, A.W., chief of Union League in North Carolina, 189.
Trade restrictions in South, 7-12.
Treasury Department, frauds in selling confiscable property in South, 8-12; supervise negro colonies, 37; employer of negro labor, 100.
Tribune, Chicago, Sidney Andrews correspondent for, 28.
Tribune, New York, Horace Greeley as editor of, 288.
Trowbridge, J.T., on frauds in South, 11-12; on sentiment of East Tennessee toward rebels, 25; correspondent in South, 28; on relation of races, 48.
Truman, B.C., on society in South, 27; report on conditions in South, 28, 29-30; on negro labor, 46; on relation of races, 48.
Trumbull, Lyman, moderate Republican, 122; candidate for presidential nomination, 287.
Tuscaloosa Independent Monitor suppressed, 146.
Tuscumbia (Ala.), Female Academy burned in, 185-186.
Tweed, W.M., 282. U. Uniforms, wearing of Confederate, forbidden, 20.
Union League of America, 174 et seq., 275; Freedmen's Bureau and, 115; negroes in, 115, 149; and radicals, 156; and Ku Klux Klan, 247, 256.
Union party, see National Union party.
"United Order of African Ladies and Gentlemen," 275.
United States Sanitary Commission, 176. V. Vicksburg (Miss.), public debt, 232; race conflicts, 237 (note); government overturned, 240-241.
Virginia, 152, 157, 262; recognizes "Union" State government, 18; army in, 64; Lincoln's reconstruction plan adopted (1863), 65; Lincoln and, 67, 120; Johnson recognizes government of, 74; escaped slaves declared contraband, 99; military government in, 143, 144; constitution, 154-155, 171; reconstruction fails in, 170; schools, 210; carpetbag rule, 221; scalawags in, 222; unrepresented in Congress, 289 (note); conservatives gain control of, 290.
Virginia Military Institute, 3.
Virginius dispute, 284. W. Wade, B.F., of Ohio, 67, 129; and Johnson, 73; radical leader, 122, 125; and negro suffrage, 132; and the presidency, 161, 167.
Wade-Davis Bill, 56, 65-66, 120.
Wages, Freedmen's Bureau fixes, 109.
War Department, takes over railways, 6-7; Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, 102; see also Freedmen's Bureau.
Warmoth, H.C., Governor of Louisiana, 224-225.
Warner, General, and Union League, 189.
Washington, headquarters of Freedmen's Bureau, 105; vote on negro suffrage, 134.
Washington and Lee University, 17.
Washington College, later Washington and Lee University, 17.
Watterson, H.M., 28.
Wayland, Francis, President of Brown University, 208-209.
Webb, General A.S., commands military district, 140 (note).
Weitzel, General Godfrey, Lincoln and, 67.
Welles, Gideon, and Johnson, 74.
Wells, Governor of Louisiana, 298.
West, development of, 268, 283.
West Virginia, Confederates in, 25-26; State emancipation in, 36; established, 64, 65.
Whig party, 70, 71, 87, 149, 150, 179.
Whipper, judge in South Carolina, 225.
Whisky Ring, 282.
White Boys, 245.
White Brotherhood, 245, 251.
White Camelia, see Knights of the White Camelia.
White League, 219, 245, 263.
White Line of Mississippi, 245.
White Man's party of Alabama, 245, 263.
White River Valley and Texas Railroad obtains grant, 235.
White Rose, Order of the, 245.
Wilmer, Bishop R.H., and prayers for Davis, 23.
Wilson, Henry, on reconstruction, 124-125; tours the South, 150.
Wisconsin and negro suffrage, 285.
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