A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M
N	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z

• A
• Abbas Hilmi, Khedive of Egypt, pro-Turkish attitude, vi: 68.
• Abbatiale Farm, captured by 28th Div., Oct, 4, '18, v: 239.
• Abbeville agreement,
  • on U. S. military participation in War, v: I28, 284;
  • text, v: 378.
• Abi Dinas, Sudanese leader, defeated at Eli Tasher, iii: 191.
• Abo, occupied by Germans, Mar. 16, '18, i: 395.
• Aboukir, British cruiser, sunk by U-9, Sept. 22, '14, iv: 205, x: 274-280, xi: 234.
• Absinthe, sale forbidden in France, Jan. 7, '15, i: 378.
• Acceleration, in projectiles viii: 111.
• Achi Baba,
  • key to southern Gallipoli, iii: 170;
  • see also Gallipoli Campaign.
• Acre taken by British, Sept. 23, '18, iii: 199.
• Activism, Swedish pro-German movement, vi: 394.
• Adana, British objective in Turkish Campaigns, ii: 90.
• Adler, Friedrich, kills Austrian Premier, Count Carl Sturgkh, Oct. 21, '16, vi: 312.
• Adkinson, Sgt. Joseph B., gets Congressional Medal ofHonor, x: 395.
• Admiral Charner, French cruiser torpedoed, Feb. 13, '16, i: 384.
• Ador, Gustave, becomes head of Swiss Foreign Office, vi: 380.
• Adramyti Gulf of, British bombard Turks, Mar. 3, '15, iv: 44.
• Adrian barracks, description, v: 8.
• Adriatic coast, disputed territory between Latin and Slav, vi: 359.
• Advisory Labor Council, U. S., activities, xii: 71.
• A. E. G. bombing airplanes, viii: 221.
• Aerial photography,
  • in range-finding, ii: 126, viii: 14;
  • gun cameras, description, viii: 216;
  • value, viii: 226, 331;
  • diffculties, viii: 228;
  • U. S. photographers in War, viii: 228-235;
  • future, viii: 234;
  • see also Photography.
• Aeronautics:
  • Airplanes,
    • conditions for effectiveness, ii: 123;
    • use of depth bombs by, iv: 332;
    • torpedo planes, iv: 335;
    • number shot down by U. S. pilots, v: 309;
    • as war weapon, viii: Intro., xi: 214;
    • detection by sounds rangers, viii: 20;
    • machine-gun mountings on, types, viii: 86, 189-192, 196, 208-216;
    • Allied and German equipment at start of War, viii: 189;
    • Farman plane, viii: 189;
    • utility in scouting, viii: 189;
    • albatross pursuit planes, viii: 192;
    • Nieuport scout planes, viii: 192;
    • Allied and German types compared, viii: 194;
    • Spad biplanes, viii: 194;
    • General utility planes, viii: 196;
    • Gotha biplanes, viii: 196;
    • Handley-Page bombers, viii: 196, 204, 223;
    • aero engines, development of, vii: 198-200;
    • Liberty motor, viii: 199;
    • construction, essentials in, viii: 200;
    • maneuvering, types of, viii: 200;
    • Allied strength at end of war, viii: 201;
    • French types, viii: 202, 206;
    • British types, viii: 203-206;
    • British planes, viii: 203;
    • D. H. 10 British bombers, viii: 204;
    • German equipment, viii: 206;
    • Pre-War record flights, viii: 206;
    • National supremacy, viii: 207;
    • Machine-gun fire synchronizer, viii: 208;
    • aerial marksmanship, viii: 210;
    • "C. C. Gear," for timing gunfire through propeller blades, viii: 214-216;
    • navigating instruments, viii: 217-221;
    • bombing planes, types, viii: 221-224;
    • A. E. G. bombing planes, viii: 221;
    • Gotha bombers, viii: 221;
    • Lizenz bombing planes, viii: 222;
    • Caproni triplanes, viii: 223;
    • Caudron bombers, viii: 223;
    • Letord bombers, viii: 223;
    • Voisin bombers, viii: 223;
    • Breguet bombers, viii: 224;
    • spruce in aircraft construction, viii: 308;
    • signals for landing in dark, viii: 335;
    • value in directing artillery fire, viii 337, xi: 277;
    • ambulance planes, viii: 379;
    • U. S., in War, xi: 218;
    • development, xi: 219;
    • Use against submarine, xi: 239;
    • commercial uses xii: 103.
  • Aviators,
    • duties, iii: 392;
    • kinds of patrol, iii: 392;
    • fitness test by orientator, viii: 356-358;
    • qualifications, xi: 215.
  • Balloons,
    • development for war use, iv: 288;
    • in naval operations, iv: 289;
    • number shot down by U. S. pilots, v: 309;
    • functions and handling of captive balloons, viii: 257-264;
    • parachutes use by military balloonists, viii: 260-263;
    • hydrogen, use in inflation of, viii: 263.
  • Dirigibles, use in coast patrol, iv: 290;
    • compared with airplanes, viii: 241-245;
    • in long-distance transportation, Pg531 243-245;
    • British types, viii: 245;
    • R-34, description, viii: 245, 254;
    • R-34, crosses Atlantic, viii: 2445;
    • U. S. types, viii: 245, 255-257;
    • U. S. "Blimps," viii: 245, 255-257;
    • U. S. C-class, viii: 245, 255-257;
    • mooring masts, viii: 245;
    • development in different countries, iii: 254;
    • R-33, sister ship of R-34, viii: 254;
    • Zeppelins, see below under Aeronautics.
  • Navigation, rules for, Peace Treaty provisions,
  • battle of, Apr., '17, ii: 341, iii: 70-72;
  • Vimy Ridge captured by Canadians, iii: 70;
  • British capture "Oppy Line," iii: 72;
  • German casualties, iii: 72;
  • results, iii: 72.
• Arras-Roye sector, British offensive, Mar., '17, iii: 68.
• Arsiero,
  • captured by Austrians, May 28, '16, i: 385, iii: 238;
  • retaken by Italians, June 27, '16, i: 386.
• Artificial eyes, for war blind, viii: 391.
• Artificial limbs, for war cripples, viii: 384-390.
• Artillery:
  • Anti-aircraft, v: 308.
  • Bore,
    • explained, viii: 7, 111;
    • bore pressure in modern guns, viii: 7;
    • rifling, viii: 7, 111.
  • Durability, viii: 7, 26, xi: 280.
  • Field,
    • French 75-mm. gun, ii: 287;
    • German and Austrian, viii: 22;
    • structure and operation, viii: 22;
    • U. S. pre-War equipment, viii: 22-25;
    • U. S. 3-in. gun, viii: 23;
    • U. S. 2.95-in. mountain gun, viii: 24;
    • U. S. 4.7-in. gun, viii: 24;
    • development of light guns to accompany infantry, viii: 140;
    • French 37-mm. quick firers, viii: 140.
  • Heavy,
    • mobile German guns, ii: 287;
    • German superiority, ii: 288;
    • U. S. Naval Batteries on Western Front, iv: 323, viii: 42-45;
    • use in offensive, v: 304;
    • French 155-mm. G. P. F. gun, v: 308;
    • U. S. railway-mount guns, viii: 36-39;
    • U. S. caterpillar-mount guns, viii: 39;
    • long-range bombardment of Paris, viii: 45-47, xi: 271-274;
    • structure of shells hitting Paris, viii: 46;
    • super-range guns impractical, viii: 47;
    • U. S. 121-mile range super-gun, viii: 48-51;
    • British naval super-guns, viii: 53;
    • manufacture of big guns, viii: 54-58;
    • shell velocity of, viii: 314;
    • destructive power of 16-in. gun, viii: 336;
    • kinds used during War, xi: 274;
    • naval, xi: 280-282.
  • Howitzers,
    • Skoda, viii: 22, xi: 278;
    • U. S. pre-War types, viii: 24;
    • U. S. railway-mount types, viii, 38, 39;
    • French 520-mm. (21-in.) gun, viii: 51-53;
    • use against forts and trench systems, xi: 274.
  • Importance, Field Marshal Haig's report on, ii: 123-131.
  • Mortars,
    • limitations, viii: 30;
    • range of latest U. S. types, viii: 31;
    • German 11-in. siege mortars, viii: 34-36;
    • absence of rifling in bore, viii: 112;
    • device for rotating shell during flight, viii: 112;
    • functions, viii: 118;
    • Stokes mortar, viii: 141;
    • trench mortars captured by A. E. F., xii: 288.
  • Range-finding,
    • muzzle velocity, viii: 7;
    • by sight, viii: 8-14;
    • telescopic range-finder, viii: 9;
    • problem of marksmanship, viii: 10-13;
    • use of aircraft in, viii: 13;
    • by sound, viii: 14-16;
    • use of photography in, viii: 14;
    • direct and indirect fire, viii: 28;
    • zones of fire, viii: 32;
    • altering range by change of projectile and powder charge, viii: 32;
    • air-resistance to flying projectile, viii: 113.
    • See also under each country.
• Artistic rights, Peace Treaty provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246.
• Artois,
  • Allied offensive in, '15, ii: 148, iii: 46;
  • battle of, May, '14, iii: 42.
• Asiago, Austrians reach, May 28, '16, i: 385, iii: 238.
• Asir, Principate of, established, '18, xii: 279.
• Askold, Russian cruiser at Gallipoli, iv: 41.
• Asquith, Herbert Henry,
  • responsibility for Gallipoli disaster, ii: 198, 200, 202, 204;
  • biography, ix: 30-35.
• Association of Highland Societies of Edinburgh, viii: 95.
• Astor, Mrs. Vincent, "Y" worker in Paris, vii: 267.
• Asturias, British hospital ship torpedoed, Mar. 20, '17, iv: 232.
• Athletics, for A. E. F., see Sports.
• Atkins, Tommy,
  • nickname for British soldier, origin of, vi: 230;
  • fighting qualities, xi: 181-189.
• Atrocities,
  • German, summary of crimes, i: 400;
  • Ludendorff's explanation, ii: 346;
  • burning of Louvain, iii: 273-277;
  • in Marne district, iii: 297-300;
  • at Senlis, iii: 334-337;
  • in Belgium, vi: 84;
  • destruction of Rheims Cathedral, vi: 97.
• Aubers Ridge, battle of, iii: 42.
• Audacious, British battleship sunk by U-boat, Oct. 27, '14, i: 376.
• Audenarde, taken by 91st Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 279.
• Auffenberg, Gen. von, commands Austrian army invading Poland, iii: 118.
• Augustovo, battle of, German defeat at, iii: 118.
• Australia,
  • war casualties, iii: 404, 405;
  • army strength, iii: 405;
  • naval strength, iv: 58;
  • history prior to '14, vi: 37;
  • area and population, vi: 37;
  • pro-War platform of Liberal Party, vi: 39;
  • recruiting opposed by Socialists, vi: 40;
  • conscription opposed by Labor Party, vii: 41, 42;
  • conscription defeated by referendum, Oct., '16, vi: 41;
  • labor unrest, '16, vi: 42;
  • Labor Party split on conscription, vi: 42;
  • coalition government formed, Feb., '17, vi: 42;
  • "Commonwealth War Government" takes office, Feb., '17, vi: 42;
  • Australian Workers' Union, similar to American Federation of Labor, vi: 45;
  • "One Big Union" movement, vi: 45;
  • labor vote defeats conscription referendum second time, '17, vi: 45;
  • war legislation by Nationalists, vi: 45;
  • soviet government favored by labor, vi: 46;
  • war cost, Aug., '14—Mar., '19, xii: 107;
  • rise in public debt, xii: 114;
  • Peace Conference delegates, xii: 179.
• Austria,
  • Republic established, Nov. 13, '18, vi: 318;
  • Germany acknowledges independence of, '19, xii: 197;
  • area and population, xii: 279.
• Austria-Hungary:
  • Army,
    • German estimate of effectiveness, ii: 4;
    • pre-War organization, iii: 7, 105;
    • requirements reduced, '15, vi: 311;
    • for military operations, see name of campaign.
  • Blockade of, vi: 253;
    • food shortage due to, vi: 312.
  • Casualties,
    • total in War, ii: 116, iii: 404;
    • battle deaths, v: 363;
    • Aug., '14—Aug., '15, vi: 311;
    • money equivalent of manpower lost, xii: 25.
  • Coal, production, '13—'17, xii: 48.
  • Cost of living, per cent. rise during War, Intro. x.
  • Declarations of war,
    • ultimatum to Serbia, July 23, '14, i: 112, 375, vi: 306, 357, xi: 4;
    • on Serbia, July 28, '14, 1: 115, 375;
    • reasons for war on Serbia, i: 243;
    • on Russia, Aug. 6, '14, i: 375;
    • by Great Britain, Aug. 12, '14, i: 375;
    • on Belgium, Aug. 28, '14, 1: 375;
    • by Rumania, Aug. 27, '16, 1: 386;
    • diplomatic relations broken with U. S., Apr. 8, '17, i: 389;
    • by China, Aug. 14, '17, i: 390;
    • by U. S., Dec. 7, ' ra, commander of Battalion of Death, x: 183-185, xi: 205.
    • Botha, Gen. Louis,
      • commander of British South African troops, iii: 253;
      • policy as Prime Minister of Union of South Africa, vi: 47;
      • biography, ix: 191-193.
    • Bott, Capt. Alan, British ace, experiences as Turkish prisoner, x: 235-237.
    • Bourassa, Henri,
      • Canadian Nationalist leader, vi: 30;
      • opposition to Canadian participation in War, vi: 30.
    • Bouresches, objective in Belleau Wood action, v: 37, 133, 137.
    • Bourgeois, Leon, advocate of League of Nations, xii: 155.
    • Bourmont, training area for 2nd Div., v: 6.
    • Bouvet,
      • French battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31;
      • sunk by mine, Mar. 18, '15, iv: 35, 47, 375.
    • Bovington, U. S. Tank School at, v: 314.
    • Boy-Ed, Capt. Karl, German Naval AttachÉ in U. S.,
      • dismissed, i: 276;
      • share in passport frauds, i: 315;
      • German arch-spy in U. S., x: 329.
    • Boy Scouts, war-time activities,
      • British, xi: 94;
      • Belgian, xi: 98;
      • French, xi: 98;
      • American, xi: 100-116.
    • Boycott, anti-German, Allied proposals for, xii: 102.
    • Boyemia River, French withdraw to, in Salonika Campaign, iii: 204.
    • Boyle, Lieut.-Com. E. C., commander of British submarine E-14, iv: 209.
    • Boyon Wood, taken by 18th and 28th Inf., Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.
    • BrabanÇonne, La, Belgian national hymn, xi: 327.
    • Brabant, A. E. F. engineers bridge Meuse at, Oct. 8, '18, v: 245.
    • Bradley, Brig.-Gen. Alfred E., Chief Surgeon, A. E. F., v: 345.
    • Brady, Father John J., heroic chaplain of U. S. Marines, x: 100.
    • Brandeville, occupied by 5th Div., Nov. 7, '18, v: 271.
    • Brazil,
      • German population of, i: 79;
      • severs diplomatic relations with Germany, Apr. 11, '17, i: 389;
      • declares war on Germany, Oct. 26, '17, i: 392, vi: 390;
      • Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180.
    • Bread, daily consumption by A. E. F., v: 330.
    • Breguet bombing airplanes, viii: 224.
    • Breheville, taken by 5th Div., Nov. 8, '18, v: 272.
    • Bremen, German cruiser sunk by British submarine, Dec. 18, '15, i: 382.
    • Bremen, Spartacide uprising in, Feb., '19, vi: 294.
    • Breshkovsky, Catherine,
      • leader of Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party, vi: 148;
      • prophecy on Russia, ix: 231;
      • biography, ix: 348.
    • Breslau, German cruiser,
      • outwits Allied fleets and escapes to Bosphorus, Aug., '14, i: 375, iv: 13;
      • sunk, Jan. 20, '18, i: 393.
    • Brest, embarkation port for returning A. E. F., v: 396.
    • Brest-Litovsk, captured by Germans, Aug. 25, '15, i: 381, iii: 138.
    • Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, between Russia and Germany,
      • a dictated "German peace," ii: 63, vi: 183, vi: 268;
      • effect of Austro-Hungarian demands for peace on, vi: 314;
      • abrogated by Treaty of Versailles, '19, xii: 205.
    • Bretelle, definition of, v: 16.
    • Breton, J. L., inventor of armored barbed-wire cutter, viii: 152.
    • Briand, Aristide, forms French Cabinet, Oct., '15, vi: 100.
    • Bridges,
      • pontoons, viii: 299;
      • portable steel, viii: 301.
    • Brieulles-sur-Bar, captured by 78th Div., Nov. 4, '18, v: 266.
    • Brieuvilles-sur-Meuse, action in Meuse-Argonne battle at, Sept. 27, '18, v: 226.
    • Briey, iron area coveted by Germans, ii: 6.
    • Brilliant, British cruiser in Zeebrugge raid, iv: 262.
    • Briquenay, captured by 78th Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 91.
    • Bristol, British warship in battle of Falkland Islands, iv: 70.
    • Bristol airplanes, viii: 203.
    • Britannia, British battleship torpedoed, Nov. 9, '18, i: 399.
    • Britannic, British hospital ship sunk by mine, Nov. 21, '16, i: 389.
    • British American War Relief Fund, vii: 99.
    • Brody, captured by Russians, July 28, '16, i: 386, iii: 120, 145.
    • Broke, British destroyer, night battle with German destroyers, x: 293-295.
    • Browning, Vice-Adm. Sir Montague E., head of British delegation to U. S., iv: 157.
    • Browning machine-guns,
      • description, viii: 84-87;
      • U. S. production figures, xii: 284.
    • Brunehilde position, location, v: 84.
    • Brusiloff, Gen. Alexei Alexeievitch,
      • commands Russian invasion of Galicia, '16, ii: 42, 235, iii: 119;
      • biography, ix: 232-235.
    • Brussels,
      • occupied by Germans, Aug. 20, '14, iii: 14;
      • German entry described by Richard Harding Davis, iii: 271-273.
    • Brussels, Capt. Fryatt's ship, x: 265.
    • Bryan, William Jennings,
      • policy on German submarine warfare, i: 321;
      • resigns as Secretary of State, i: 321.
    • Buchan, John, description of Mons retreat, iii: 277-281.
    • Bucharest, captured by Germans, Dec. 6, '16, iii: 222.
    • Bucharest, Treaty of,
      • between Rumania and Central Powers, May 6, '18, i: 395, vi: 352;
      • Bulgarian attitude on, vi: 339.
    • Buck, Maj.-Gen. Beaumont B.,
      • cited for gallantry at Berzy-le-Sec, v: 180;
      • promoted to major-general, v: 182;
      • commands 3rd Div. at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, '18, v: 202.
    • Buckeye (37th) Division, see U. S., Army.
    • Budapest, Bolshevik riots in, '18—'19, vi:323.
    • Buenz, Dr. Karl, German secret agent in U. S., x: 331.
    • Buffaloes (92nd Division), see U. S., Army.
    • Bukovina, occupied by Russians, iii: 122.
    • Bulair Lines, Gallipoli defenses, iv: 24.
    • Bulgaria,
      • German ruler of, i: 96;
      • defeat and surrender to Allies, Sept. 30, '18, i: 399, ii: 94, 96, 216, iii: 213, vi: 347, xi: 48;
      • key to Balkan situation, ii: 28;
      • tool of Germany, ii: 28;
      • enmity for Serbia, ii: 32;
      • reasons for siding with Germany, ii: 32;
      • enters War, Oct. 14, '15, ii: 33, vi: 343;
      • Ludendorff's reasons for collapse of, ii: 329;
      • mobilizes against Serbia, iii: 156, vi: 342;
      • invades Rumania, Sept. 2, '16, iii: 218;
      • prisoners of war, iii: 404;
      • casualties, iii: 404, xii: 289;
      • effect of surrender on German morale, vi: 270;
      • racial characteristics, vi: 338;
      • desire for Balkan supremacy, vi: 339;
      • geographical position, vi: 341;
      • attitude toward Allies, vi: 341;
      • proclaims neutrality, '14, vi: 341;
      • terms for entering War, vi: 341;
      • antagonism toward Russia, vi: 342;
      • Agrarian Party against War, vi: 343;
      • result of Teutonic alliance, vi: 344;
      • cession of Demotika to, by Turkey, vi: 344;
      • friction with Germany, vi: 344;
      • attitude toward Russian Revolution, vi: 344;
      • dispute with Turkey, '18, vi: 345;
      • Bolshevism in, vi: 346;
      • terms of armistice with Allies, vi: 347;
      • money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
      • war cost, Oct., '15—Oct., '19, xii: 107;
      • rise in national debt, xii: 114;
      • for military operations, see name of campaign.
    • Bullard, Lieut.-Gen. Robert Lee,
      • in command of Third Army Corps, A. E. F., Aug., '18, v: 62,167, 189 2nd Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 263.
      • Cheppy, captured by 35th Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 225.
      • Chiapovano Valley, Italian objective in '17 drive, ii: 58.
      • Children in the War, xi: Intro. ix-xiii, 56-84;
        • letters of, xi: 60, 74-84;
        • brave Belgian boys run off to war, xi: 67;
        • Prudent Marius, the boy dispatch rider, xi: 69;
        • "The Little Serbian Sergeant," xi: 69;
        • American relief for European, xi: 84-93.
      • Chile,
        • neutral during War, vi: 390;
        • Tacna-Arica dispute with Peru, vi: 390.
      • Chiles, Capt. Marcellus H., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 401.
      • Chilly, taken by French, Sept. 4, '16, i: 386.
      • China,
        • under foreigners' yoke, i: 18;
        • defeated by Japan in war of 1894, i: 20;
        • forced to accept "open door" policy, i: 38;
        • U. S. policy of "open door" in, i: 57;
        • special Japanese interests in, recognized by Lansing-Ishii Note, '17, i: 58;
        • international position of, '14, i: 63;
        • severs diplomatic relations with Germany, Mar. 14, '17, i: 389;
        • declares war on Teutonic Allies, Aug. 14, '17, i: 390;
        • coolie labor in France, ii: 377, xii: 80, xii: 85;
        • siege of Tsing Tau, iii: 257;
        • Tsing Tau seized by Germans, 1897, iii: 259;
        • origin of phrase "yellow peril," vi: 248;
        • Japanese demands on, '15, vi: 385;
        • coal production, '13—'15, xii: 48;
        • refuses to sign Peace Treaty with Germany, xii: 167;
        • delegates to Peace Conference, xii: 180;
        • German rights in, surrendered under Peace Treaty, xii: 206;
        • Kiao-Chau (Shantung) transferred to Japan under Peace Treaty, xii: 209;
          • see also Kiau-Chau; Shantung.
      • "Chinese Citizen Boy," letter from, xi: 179.
      • Chipilly Ridge, 33rd Div. breaks German line at, 'Aug. 1, '18, v: 260.
      • Chloride of lime, amount issued by U. S. Army, v: 324.
      • Chlorine,
        • first used by Germans in gas attack at Ypres, Apr., '15, iii: 42, 288, 320, xi: 316, xii: 285;
        • poisonous properties of, viii: 166, 168;
        • use in chemical warfare, viii: 168-170;
        • manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 183.
      • Chlorpicrin,
        • description of, v: 321;
        • use in chemical warfare, viii: 171;
        • manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 185.
      • Choising, S. S., Emdens's survivors transfer from Ayesha to, iv: 192.
      • Cholm, claimed by Poland and Ukraine, vi: 248.
      • Chronoscope, for measuring reaction times, viii: 352.
      • Chunuk Bair,
        • Turk stronghold at Gallipoli, iii: 172;
        • Anzac attack on, iii: 173, 356-358;
        • see also Gallipoli Campaign.
      • Churchill, Winston Spencer,
        • advocates Dardanelles attack, ii: Intro. x, xiv., 29, 200;
        • responsibility for Gallipoli disaster, ii: 198, 200;
        • member of British Cabinet War Council, ii: 198;
        • defends Dardanelles campaign, ii: 205, iv: 56;
        • biography, ix: 44-47.
      • Cierges, attacked by 37th Div., Sept. 28, '18, v: 229.
      • Ciezkowice, captured by Germans, May 2, '15, i: 380.
      • Cimone, Mt., taken by Italians, July 25, '16, i: 386.
      • Citizenship, Bureau of, educational work among A. E. F., vii: 282.
      • Cividale, taken by Germans, Oct. 28, '17, iii: 247.
      • Civil War, Gen. Maurice on strategy of, compared with World War, ii: Intro. xiii.
      • Civilian deaths,
        • due to War, iii: 405;
        • money value of, xii: 25.
      • Clam-Martinitz, Premier of Austria-Hungary, appointment as, vi: 313.
      • Clarkson, Grosvenor B.,
        • Director of U. S. Council of National Defense, xii: 115;
        • on causes of high cost of living, xii: 142-148.
      • Clausewitz, Gen. Karl von, influence on development of German militarism, i: 166.
      • Clay, Capt. W. L., inventor of armor-piercing bullet, viii: 60.
      • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, between U. S. and Great Britain on Panama Canal, i: 86.
      • Clemenceau, Georges,
        • makes Bonnet Rouge disclosures, vi: 105;
        • forms new War Cabinet, Nov., '17, vi: 106;
        • disagrees with Pres. Wilson's peace aims, vi: 108;
        • publishes letter of Emperor Charles to Prince Sixtus offering to make peace, vi: 315;
        • biography, ix: 1-13, xi: 125;
        • record as Premier, ix: 12;
        • view of "Fourteen Points," ix: 13;
        • bibliography, ix: 13;
        • faith in Foch, ix: 151;
        • at the Peace Conference, xii: 149-163;
        • excludes Germans from, xii: 162.
      • Clermont-Ferrand, U. S. Air-Service Training School at, v: 313.
      • ClÉry-le-Grand, taken by 60th Inf., Nov. 1, '18, v: 262.
      • ClÉry-le-Petit, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 2, '18. v: 264.
      • Clifford, Rev. J. H., "Doc of the Fifth," chaplain of U. S. Marines, x: 32-35.
      • Clocks, for airplanes, viii: 220.
      • Cloth, anti-gas, amount issued by U. S. Army, v: 324.
      • Coal,
        • abundance secret of German power, i: 267;
        • German production, 1880—1913, i: 267;
        • seizure of French mines by Germany, ii: 20;
        • consumption of, by A. E. F., v: 331;
        • Dutch supply from Germany, vi: 377;
        • U. S. production, '18—'19, xii: 46;
        • production by chief countries, '13—'17, xii: 47;
        • war-time price of, xii: 48;
        • Peace Treaty requirements for German deliveries to France, Belgium, Italy, xii: 224.
      • Coast Guard, Boy Scouts in, xi: 104.
      • "Coastals," type of U. S. dirigibles, viii: 245, 256.
      • Coblenz,
        • bombed by Allied airmen, Oct. 1, '17, i: 392;
        • bridgehead at, occupied by A. E. F., Dec. 8, '18, i: 400, v: 394;
        • conditions for Allied withdrawal from, xii: 261.
      • Cochin, Lieut., French submarine commander, feat in clearing minefield, iv: 375.
      • Codes, detection of, v: 319.
      • Coetquidan, artillery training camp in Brittany, v: 6.
      • Coffin, H. E.,
        • Chairman of Committee on Industrial Preparedness, xii: 69;
        • views on industrial preparedness, xii: 69;
        • member of Advisory eat German fleet, Dec. 8, '14, i: 376, iv: 69-85, ix: 308;
        • strength of opposing fleets, iv: 70;
        • von Spee's strategy, criticism of, iv: 70;
        • Sturdee's tactics, iv: 71;
        • German cruiser Dresden escapes, iv: 74;
        • British casualties, iv: 74;
        • German loss in men and ships, iv: 74;
        • importance of victory, iv: 74;
        • Admiral Sturdee's official report, iv: 75-79;
        • eye-witness accounts, iv: 80-85.
      • Fallon, Capt. David, brave tank commander, x: 165.
      • Falmouth, British cruiser,
        • sunk, Aug. 19, '16, i: 386;
        • at battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.
      • Falzarego Pass, limit of Italian advance in Cadore, iii: 234.
      • Fanning, U. S. destroyer, captures German submarine, iv: 350.
      • Fanning Island, Germans destroy wireless station at, Sept. 7, '14, iv: 62.
      • Fao, British land at, Nov. 7, '14, iii: 180.
      • Farewell, poem by Lieut. Robert Nichols, R. F. A., vii: 389.
      • Farman airplane, viii: 189.
      • Farnsworth, Maj.-Gen. Charles S.,
        • commands 37th Div., June, '18, v: 145;
        • in Marne-Aisne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 219.
      • Fay, Robert, German agent, plots to blow up ships, x: 369-377.
      • Fay-en-Haye, location in St. Mihiel salient, v: 199.
      • Fayolle, Gen.,
        • commands Allied forces opposing German drive on Paris, '18, ii: 152;
        • decorated for Somme campaign, iii: 60.
      • Fearless, British cruiser in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 240.
      • Federalism, development in America and Europe, i: 30.
      • Ferdinand, Archduke Francis,
        • see Francis Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria.
      • Ferdinand, Czar of Bulgaria,
        • abdicates, Oct. 5, '18, i: 399, vi: 347;
        • proclamation to army, vi: 340;
        • appeals to Germany, vi: 347;
        • character, ix: 378;
        • biography, ix: 378-380.
      • Ferdinand of Bulgaria, poem by D. S. P., ix: 376.
      • Ferdinand, King of Rumania, biography, ix: 399-401.
      • FÈre Forest captured by 42nd Div., July 26, '18, v: 58.
      • Ferrero, Guglielmo, Italian historian,
        • comparison of German militarism with Roman imperialism, ii: 365-372;
        • sympathy with Allies, '14, vi: 119.
      • Fertilizers, shortage in Germany during blockade, ii: 18.
      • Field glasses for A. E. F., viii: 326.
      • Finland,
        • signs peace with Germany, Mar. 7, '18, i: 393;
        • political history, 1809—1914, vi: 196;
        • granted autonomy, 1809, vi: 196;
        • autonomy revoked, 1899, vi: 196;
        • threatened with class revolution, '05, vi: 196;
        • socialist tendency in Diet, '05, vi: 196;
        • nationalism assailed by Russian bureaucracy, '14, vi: 196;
        • German aid against Russification, vi: 196;
        • declares independence, Mar., '17, vi: 198;
        • base for Russian revolutionary activities, '17, vi: 198;
        • Bolshevik revolution, Nov., '17, vi: 198;
        • Russia recognizes Bolshevik government, '17, vi: 198;
        • Socialists demand union with Russian Soviet, Nov. '17, vi: 198;
        • White Guards recalled from Germany to quell civil war, vi: 198;
        • General von der Goltz sent to aid Whites, vi: 199;
        • Republic established by moderate Socialists, '18, vi: 200;
        • new government recognized by Great Britain and U. S., '18, vi:200;
        • Bolshevism stamped out by Mannerheim, '18, vi: 200;
        • origin of inhabitants, vi: 200;
        • area and population, xii: 279.
      • Finland, U. S. transport,
        • sunk by U-boat, Nov. 2, '17, i: 392;
        • torpedoed, Oct. 27, '17, iv: 337.
      • Firedrake, British destroyer in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.
      • First aid, importance in treatment of wounded, vii: 178.
      • Fisher, Adm. Lord John,
        • responsibility for Gallipoli disaster, ii: 198, 200;
        • views on advisability of Dardanelles expedition, ii: 203;
        • biography, ix: 288-290.
      • Fisher, Prof. Irving, analysis of high cost of living, Intro.
      • Fiske, Rear-Adm. Bradley T., invents torpedo plane, iv: 335.
      • Fiske, Brig.-Gen. H. B., Chief of Training, A. E. F., Sept., '17, v: 102.
      • Fismes,
        • captured by 32nd Div., Aug. 6, '18, v: 61;
        • taken and retaken by U. S. divisions, July—Aug., '18, v: 189;
        • General Degoutte commends Americans for services at, Sept. 9, '18, v: 192.
      • Fismette, captured by 28th Div., Aug., '18, v: 62.
      • Fiume,
        • conflict of Italians and Jugoslavs for, vi: 365;
        • arrival of U. S. troops at, vi: 366;
        • Italian delegates withdraw from Peace Conference in controversy over, vi: 368-370, xii: 159;
        • occupied by D'Annunzio, vi: 370;
        • awarded to Italy conditionally, vi: 370.
      • Five Souls, poem by W. N. Ewer, xi: 93.
      • Flabas, captured by 26th Div., Nov. 8, '18, v: 271.
      • Flanders, battles of:
        • Oct., '14,
          • nature of terrain, iii: 38, viii: 299;
          • extent of battle line, iii: 38;
          • Foch cuts dikes of Yser, iii: 40;
          • Germans repulsed, iii: 40.
        • Aug., '17,
          • failure of British offensive, ii: 56;
          • Ludendorff's criticism of, ii: 343;
          • description of, iii: 78-80;
          • duration, iii: 78;
          • objects, iii: 78;
          • Allied offensive checked by rains, iii: 79;
          • Passchendaele Ridge captured by Canadians, iii: 79;
          • Allied gains, Sept.—Oct., '17, iii: 79;
          • results, iii: 79.
        • Sept., '18,
          • Belgians and British renew offensive, v: 213.
      • Flemings, failure of German propaganda among, vi: 86.
      • Flers, captured by Allies, Sept. 15, '16, i: 388.
      • Fleury, at Verdun,
        • captured by French, Aug. 3, '16, i: 386;
        • captured by Germans, '16, iii: 313.
      • Fleville, captured by 16th Inf., Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.
      • Florence H., cargo-carrier, heroism of crew, iv: 354.
      • Florina,
        • occupied by Allies, Sept. 18, '16, i: 388, iii: 208;
        • occupied by Bulgars, Aug. 17, '16, iii: 207, 208.
      • "Flying Dutchman," name applied to Emden, iv: 187.
      • Foch, Marshal Ferdinand,
        • strategy of, in Allied offensive, '18, ii: 76-98, 212, v: 213;
        • at second Marne battle, ii: 77, 154;
        • theories on strategy, ii: 80, 81, 103, 137;
        • takes initiative of attack from Germans, ii: 84, v: 130;
        • as Lieut.-Col., Professor of General Tactics at École de Guerre, ii: 103, 137, 220;
        • share in victory at first Marne battle, ii: 103, 138-142, 182, 184, 220;
        • author of Principles of War, summary, ii: 104;
        • conception of mind as determining factor in victory, ii: 138;
        • on functions of a general, ii: 138;
        • theories on battle tactics, ii: 138;
        • commands 20th Corps at Nancy, '14, ii: 138;
        • organizes new French army, '14, ii: 138;
        • famous despatch during first Marne battle, ii: 141, iii: 33;
        • given command of French Army of the North, Oct., '14, ii: 143, iii: 38;
        • floods Belgium as defense against Germans, '14, ii: 145;
        • stops British retreat at Ypres, '14, ii: 145, 220;
        • commands French at Somme battle, July, '16, ii: 148;
        • appointed co-ordinator of Allied operations, Dec., '16, ii: 148;
        • appointed Chief of Staff, French Army, Mar., '17, ii: 148;
        • sends reinforcements to check Italian rout, ii: 149;
        • French representative on Allied War Council, ii: 149;
        • appointed Allied Commander-in-Chief on Western Front, Mar. 28, '18, ii: 151, iii: 89, v: 120, 380, xi: 41;
        • analysis of weakness of German drive, '18, ii: 154;
        • made Marshal of France, ii: 156, iii: 97;
        • Viscount French's eulogy of, ii: 170;
        • General Malleterre's eulogy of, ii: 220;
        • commands 20th Corps at battle of the Selle, '14, iii: 18;
        • repulses Germans at Mondement, '14, iii: 33;
        • membe
        • materialistic spirit of German students, i: 154;
        • national egoism, i: 154;
        • contributions to world culture, i: 154;
        • definition and exposition of, i: 158;
        • compared with culture, i: 158;
        • Bernhardi's belief in supremacy of German brain, i: 160;
        • right to conquest, i: 161;
        • see also under Germany, Militarism.
      • Liberia, rights in, surrendered under Peace Treaty, xii: 208.
      • Luxemburg, violation of neutrality, see Luxemburg.
      • Militarism,
        • war as national policy, i: Intro. vii, 70;
        • basic conception, i: 69;
        • glorification of doctrine of force, i: 69;
        • Henri Bergson on, i: 152;
        • Professor Lamprecht's defense, i: 155;
        • Bernhardi on universal military training, i: 162;
        • Bernhardi on necessity of war to progress, i: 162;
        • Bernhardi condemns love of peace, i: 162, 171;
        • German pride in, i: 163;
        • compared with Christianity, i: 165;
        • compared with British policy, i: 165;
        • force in place of diplomacy, i: 166;
        • "World power or downfall," i: 170;
        • von der Goltz's plea against peace, i: 171;
        • German statement of policy, i: 171-173;
        • striking quotations from Bernhardi, i: 179;
        • Bernhardi on conqueror's right to annex territory, i: 181;
        • German denial of, i: 182;
        • compared with Allies' defensive policy, '14, ii: 1;
        • statement of war aims by Chancellor Michaelis, ii: 14;
        • explained by Baron von Freytag-Loringhoven, ii: 260;
        • compared with Roman imperialism, by Professor Ferrero, ii: 365-372;
        • pre-War preparedness, vi: 249;
        • see also
          • under Germany,
          • Foreign policy,
          • Kultur,
          • Pan-Germanism.
      • Morale,
        • demands of War on nation, ii: 302;
        • fighting spirit waning, '18, ii: 309-311;
        • change between '17 and '18, v: 2.
      • Morocco, rights in, surrendered under Peace Treaty, xii: 208.
      • Navy,
        • strength in '06, i: 101;
        • negotiations with British for curbing naval program, i: 106, 194-197;
        • increase in "peace strength" for '14, i: 131;
        • strength threat to British security, i: 196;
        • surrendered to Allies, Nov. 21, '18, i: 400, iv: 142-144;
          • list and description of major units, iv: 383-384;
          • German eye-witness account, iv: 385-387;
          • American eye-witness account, iv: 387-390;
          • British eye-witness account, iv: 390-394;
          • Peace Treaty terms, xii: 213;
        • hemmed in by British, ii: Intro. viii;
        • efforts to break blockade by use of submarines, iv: 7, 256;
        • strength of China Squadron, iv: 58;
        • operations in Pacific, iv: 60;
        • strategy of defense, iv: 86;
        • operations of High Sea Fleet in North Sea, iv: 91;
        • superior to British in destroyers, iv: 94;
        • use of fleet criticized by Jellicoe, iv: 94;
        • High Sea Fleet compared with British Grand Fleet, iv: 96;
        • North Sea raids, iv: 136;
        • mission during War, iv: 138;
        • development, iv: 362;
        • Bolshevik propaganda in, iv: 380;
        • revolts, Nov., '18, iv: 380-383, vi: 272, 283;
        • morale, iv: 294;
        • mutiny suppressed, '17, vi: 266;
        • Peace Treaty conditions for reduction, xii: 212-214;
        • see also Submarine warfare.
      • Occupation by Allies,
        • expense to be paid by Germany, xii: 226;
        • conditions for withdrawal, xii: 261.
      • Pan-Germanism,
        • ideal of unification of all Teuton elements in Europe, i: 78, xi: 4;
        • Pan-German League, objects, i: 79;
        • propaganda in U. S., i: 79;
        • policy in South America, i: 84;
        • Bernhardi's statement of principles, i: 152;
        • Bismarck's plan for world empire, ii: 2;
        • first steps toward under William II, ii: 2;
        • goal of Calais to Bagdad, ii: 13;
        • Bagdad Railway important factor in, ii: 296;
        • compared with Roman imperialism, by Professor Ferrero, ii: 365-372;
        • expounded by Friedrich Naumann in Mitteleuropa, vi: 258;
        • see also under Germany,
          • Foreign policy,
          • Militarism.
      • Peace negotiations,
        • Prince Max asks Wilson to intercede, Oct. 6, '18, i: 399, vi: 271;
        • armistice, Nov. 11, '18, i: 399, iii: 402, v: 391, vi: 271, xi: 54;
        • war aims expressed in secret memorandum to Austria, '16, ii: 14;
        • condemned by Ludendorff, ii: 303;
        • Allies reject, prior to Spring offensive, '18, ii: 316;
        • Kaiser orders proposals through Queen of Holland, ii: 331;
        • Ludendorff convinced Germany can't win, Sept., '18, ii: 333, 335;
        • drive for "mental armistice," ii: 387-390;
        • armistice with Russia, Dec. 6, '17, v: 113;
        • Brest-Litovsk treaty with Russia, Mar. 3, '18, vi: 183;
        • Socialists present peace manifesto, Nov., '15, vi: 258;
        • Bethmann-Hollweg rejects Socialist peace demands, vi: 260;
        • Bethmann-Hollweg proposes "peace of compromise," '17, vi: 262-264;
        • Socialists support peace without annexations, '17. vi: 266;
        • Reichstag passes resolution for peace without annexations, '17, vi: 266;
        • forced to accept Versailles Peace Treaty, vi: 302-305;
        • Allies' peace terms received, May 7, '19, vi: 302;
        • press comment on peace terms, vi: 302-304;
        • National Assembly votes to sign Peace Treaty, June 22, '19, vi: 304;
        • Peace Conference delegates, xii: 179, xii: 182;
        • Peace Treaty ratified, July 10, '19, xii: 264;
        • see also Peace, moves for.
      • Population,
        • in 1860, i: 40;
        • compared with France, 1874—1914, i: 61;
        • emigration to U. S., i: 75, 79, 277;
        • emigration to South America, i: 79;
        • growth since 1870 compared with that of France, i: 262;
        • relation of growth to colonial expansion, i: 262;
        • rapid increase, i: 277;
        • of Republic, xii: 279.
      • Prisoners of war, iii: 404.
      • Propaganda,
        • in U. S. before War, i: 79;
        • activities of Dr. Albert, i: 133;
        • artificial nature of public opinion, i: 149;
        • preparing German mind for war, i: 171, 181;
        • appeal to Americans, Aug., '14, i: 268;
        • von Jagow's defense against American criticisms, i: 273;
        • activities of German agents in U. S., i: 274, 302, 314, x: 326-348;
        • Dr. Dernburg's activities in U. S., i: 274;
        • instigating Hindu revolutions, i: 317;
        • Mexican plot-against U. S., i: 347;
        • on Italian Front, iii: 247, vi: 128;
        • following capture of Americans at Seicheprey, v: 123;
        • in Spain, xii: 101.
      • Railroads,
        • war-time deterioration, viii: 283;
        • efficiency under war conditions, viii: 284-285;
        • Peace Treaty regulations, xii: 253.
      • Reparation, views of U. S. press on, xii: 24;
        • estim eement with Germany on African expansion, i: 200;
        • agreement for settling rivalries in Turkey, '14, i: 200;
        • question of armed intervention in Moroccan crisis, i: 218;
        • freedom from secret obligations in event of war, i: 218;
        • Sir Edward Grey urges intervention in defense of Belgian neutrality, i: 224;
        • offer of help to Belgium, Aug. 4, '14, i: 232;
        • influence in the East, ii: 27;
        • claims to Turkey under secret treaties, '16—'17, vi: 334;
        • Turkish policy, announced Nov. 7, '18, vi: 334;
        • see also Triple Entente.
      • Industries during War,
        • peace and war productivity compared, xii: 19, xii: 77-79;
        • women in, xiii: 25;
        • bonuses to labor, xii: 28;
        • provisions for settlement of labor disputes, xii: 79.
      • Internal politics,
        • Imperial unity through war, i: Intro. xiv;
        • political philosophy compared with German, i: 165;
        • members of War Council, Nov., '14, ii: 198;
        • political conditions, Aug., '14, vi: 1;
        • industrial and social unrest, '15, vi: 2;
        • labor opposition to conscription, vi: 6;
        • Conscription Bill passed, Apr., '16, vi: 6;
        • treatment of conscientious objectors, vi: 8;
        • pacifists indorse Soviet peace aims, '17, vi: 12;
        • Lord Lansdowne's peace letter, vi: 13;
        • Defense of the Realm Act inadequate to prevent strikes, vi: 14;
        • Labor Party platform, '17, vi: 14;
        • conditions at close of War, vi: 15;
        • general elections, '18, vi: 16-17;
        • industrial strikes spread, Jan., '19, vi: 17;
        • ship-builders' strike, vi: 19;
        • Glasgow riots, vi: 19;
        • strike in electrical trades prevented by Defense of the Realm Act, Feb., '19, vi: 20;
        • Lloyd George calls Labor Peace Conference, Feb., '19, vi: 20;
        • commission of inquiry into mining conditions appointed, Feb., '19, vi: 20;
        • truce in labor war till completion of Peace Treaty, vi: 22;
        • after-War problems, vi: 23.
      • Munitions,
        • exposÉ of shell shortage by Viscount French, ii: 173;
        • production compared with that of Central Empires, xii: 78;
        • work of Ministry of Munitions, xii: 78.
      • Navy,
        • protector of lines of supply, i: 15;
        • rise to world supremacy, i: 28;
        • strength in '06, i: 101;
        • negotiations with Germany for curbing naval program, i: 106, 194-197;
        • general strategy during War, ii: Intro. vii, iv: 85-93;
        • ships in Mediterranean at outbreak of War, iv: 13;
        • squadrons in Eastern waters, iv: 58;
        • ships in West Atlantic, iv: 58;
        • problem of maintaining Allied supremacy, iv: 86;
        • Admiral Jellicoe appointed to command of Grand Fleet, Aug. 4, '14, iv: 88;
        • minesweeping operations, iv: 91;
        • convoy of troopships, iv: 92;
        • bases, iv: 92;
        • extracts from Jellicoe's The Grand Fleet, 1914—1916, iv: 93-97;
        • unpreparedness, '14, iv: 93;
        • lack of destroyers, iv: 94;
        • Grand Fleet compared with German High Sea Fleet, iv: 96;
        • Jellicoe's reasons for not attacking Germans, iv: 96;
        • make-up of Grand Fleet, Aug., '14, iv: 97;
        • make-up of Grand Fleet at battle of Jutland, iv: 119;
        • Lord Fisher's views on share in Allied victory, iv: 140;
        • statistics on transport of troops, '15—'18, iv: 239;
        • 18-in. super naval guns, viii: 53;
        • see also
          • battle or engagement;
          • Gallipoli Campaign.
      • Peace Conference,
        • delegates, xii: 179;
        • see also Peace Conference.
      • Peace Treaty,
        • press views, vi: 22;
        • ratified, July 25—31, '19, xii: 264;
        • see also Peace Treaty with Germany.
      • Prisoners of war, iii: 404.
      • Railroads, system of war-time government control, xii: 89.
      • Royal family, xi: 150-152;
        • see also George V.
      • Shipping,
        • tonnage, 1880—1913, compared with German, i: 77;
        • government control of ship-building, xii: 95;
        • tonnage in '14, xii: 95;
        • yearly tonnage production, '14—'17, xii: 96;
        • war-time shortage of, xii: 96.
      • Strategy,
        • analyzed by Maj.-Gen. Maurice, ii: Intro. vii-xxiv;
        • naval, iv: 85-93.
      • Trade, 1880—1913,
        • compared with German, i: 77;
        • pre-War position, xii: 18-19;
        • pre-War and war-time compared, xii: 78.
      • War cost,
        • financial position at start of War, xii: 1, xii: 18;
        • loans floated in U. S., Aug., '14—Jan., '17, xii: 2;
        • income tax rates, compared with U. S. and French rates, xii: 4;
        • debt to U. S., xii: 18;
        • exchange rates with U. S., xii: 19;
        • extravagance in expenditure of war funds, xii: 19-20;
        • taxes, xii: 20, xii: 107, xii: 108, 111;
        • money equivalent of manpower lost, xii: 25;
        • value of property loss, xii: 26;
        • currency inflation, xii: 27-28;
        • average daily war cost, xii: 105;
        • total war cost, Aug., '14—Mar., '19,
      • Hotchkiss machine-gun, viii: 87.
      • House, Col. E. M.,
        • U. S. representative on Supreme War Council, iii: 84;
        • biography, ix: 70-76.
      • Howitzers, see Artillery.
      • Hughes, W. M., Premier of Australia,
        • advocate of closer union within British Empire, vi: 40;
        • for vigorous war policy, vi: 40;
        • delegate to Allied Economic Conference, June, '16, vi: 40;
        • forms "Hughesite" Liberal government supporting conscription, vi: 42.
      • Hulloch, British enter, Sept. 26, '14, iii: 46.
      • Humber, British monitor, description, iv: 281.
      • Humbert, Charles, French Senator, implicated in Bolo Pasha plots, x: 344.
      • Hungary,
        • war sentiment, '14, vi: 306;
        • parliamentary struggle, '16, vi: 311;
        • Independence Party, leaders and aims of, vi: 311;
        • "Independence and 1848" Party, formation and aims of, '16, vi: 311;
        • Socialist demands for peace, '16, vi: 312;
        • effects of Rumanian invasion, '16, vi: 313;
        • "bloodless" revolution overthrows Hapsburg rule, Oct., '18, vi: 322;
        • National Council, governing body during revolution, vi: 322;
        • Republic established, Nov., '18, vi: 323, ix: 146, xii: 279;
        • Count Karolyi, provisional head of Republic, vi: 323;
        • armistice signed with Allies, vi: 323;
        • Ironworkers' Party, conflict with government, vi: 324;
        • Bolshevists under Bela Kun seize control, Mar., '19, vi: 324-328;
        • military occupation by Allies, Mar., '19, vi: 325;
        • Allies' peace terms rejected, vi: 326;
        • the Red Army, vi: 326;
        • area and population, xii: 279;
        • see also Austria-Hungary.
      • Hunley, Confederate submarine in American Civil War, iv: 203.
      • Hurley, Edward, biography, ix: 335-337.
      • "Hush" ships, description of, iv: 303.
      • Hussein Kamil Pasha, made KhÉdive of Egypt by British, vi: 69.
      • Hutier, Gen. von,
        • commands Eighteenth German Army, ii: 149;
        • new method of surprise attack, general plan and tactics of, v: 41, viii: 143-145.
      • Hutton, Col. P. C., Chief Surgeon, "Paris Group," A. E. F., v: 346.
      • Hydrogen, use for inflating balloons, viii: 263.
      • Hydrophones, use in detection of U-boats, viii: 17-20, 279-281.
      • Hydroplanes, see Aeronautics.
      • Hymn of Hate, German, against England, i: 194, vi: 253.
      • Hymn of the Lusitania, German, i: 365.
    • Karaburnu, Greek fort occupied by Allies, iii: 206.
    • Karaurgan, Russians defeat Turks at, Jan. 16, '15, i: 378.
    • Karlsruhe, Allied air raid on, June 15, '15, i: 380.
    • Karlsruhe, German sea-raider,
      • battle with British cruiser Bristol, Aug. 6, '14, iv: 63;
      • career in Atlantic, iv: 196.
    • Karnes, Sgt. James E., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 396.
    • Karolyi, Count Michael,
      • pleads Hungary's cause in U. S., '14, vi: 307;
      • leader of Hungarian Independence Party, vi: 311;
      • forms "Independence and 1848" Party, '16, vi: 311;
      • appointed Premier of Hungary, Nov., '18, vi: 323;
      • resigns as Premier, Mar., '19, vi: 325;
      • biography, ix: 144-147.
    • Kars, Russians defeat Turks at, Jan. 1, '15, iii: 260.
    • Katia, battle between Turks and British at, Apr., '16, iii: 191.
    • Katz, Sgt. Philip C., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 401.
    • Kaufman, Sgt. Benjamin, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.
    • Kautsky, Herr, German Social-Democratic leader, opposes war, vi: Intro. xii.
    • Kavala,
      • bombarded by British warships, Aug. 27, '16, i: 386;
      • occupied by Bulgars, '16, iii: 207, vi: 344.
    • Kawachi, Japanese battleship blows up, July 12, '18, i: 397.
    • Keeling Island, destruction on, by landing party from Emden, Nov. 9, '14, iv: 184, 190.
    • Keep the Home Fires Burning, American soldiers' song, xi: 336.
    • Keep Your Head Down, Fritzie Boy, American soldiers' song, xi: 337.
    • Kei Hara, heads liberal Japanese Cabinet, vi: 388.
    • Keirsbilk, Alois Van, Belgian hero, executed for plotting death of Kaiser, x: 357-360.
    • Kellermann, Bernhard, German novelist, description of conditions at front, iii: 286.
    • Kelley, Col., British commander against Sudanese, iii: 191.
    • Kelly, Pvt. John Joseph, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 389.
    • Kem, captured by Anglo-American forces, July 15, '18, i: 397.
    • Kemmel, Mount,
      • stormed and captured by Germans, Apr., '18, i: 395, iii: 91, 360;
      • occupied by Anglo-American troops, Aug. 19, '18, i: 397;
      • key-point in defense of Channel ports, iii: 381;
      • 27th and 30th Divs. in sector, v: 286.
    • Kennedy, Maj.-Gen. C. W., commands 85th Div., Aug., '18, v: 197.
    • Kent, British cruiser,
      • at battle of Falklands, armament, iv: 70;
      • sinks NÜrnberg, iv: 74.
    • Kerensky, Alexander Feodorovitch,
      • speech in Duma predicting revolution, vi: 144;
      • leader of Socialist-Revolutionary Party, vi: 148;
      • pacifies revolting Petrograd troops, Mar. 12, '17, vi: 151;
      • Minister of Justice in Prince Lvov's Cabinet, vi: 155;
      • character sketch, vi: 155;
      • abolishes death penalty, vi: 157;
      • Minister of War in Lvov's coalition Cabinet, vi: 160;
      • member of "Group of Toil," vi: 160;
      • becomes Premier and dictator of Russia, vi: 165;
      • struggle with Kornilov for supreme power, vi: 167-171;
      • declares himself Commander-in-Chief, vi: 171;
      • struggle with Soviets, vi: 175-179;
      • overthrown by Bolsheviki, vi: 179-181;
      • biography, ix: 104-109;
      • bibliography, ix: 109.
    • Kermanshah, captured by Russians, Feb. 25, '16, i: 384.
    • Kerosene, amount used by A. E. F., v: 331.
    • Kessler, Count, expelled from Poland, vi: 220.
    • Kessler, George A., starts Blind Relief War Fund, vii: 255.
    • Keystone (28th) Division, see U. S., Army.
    • Kharga, British base in Libyan Desert, iii: 191.
    • Kheyr-ed-Din-Barbarossa, Turkish battleship sunk by British submarine, Aug. 9, '15, i: 381.
    • Khvostov, Russian Minister of Interior, removed from office, Feb., '16, vi: 140.
    • Kiau-Chau (Kiao-Chau),
      • seized by Germany, 1897, i: 15, 82;
      • siege and conquest of Tsing Tau by Japanese, Aug. 24—Nov. 7, '14, iii: 257-259, iv: 367, vi: 382-383;
      • German rights transferred to Japan under Peace Treaty, xii: 209;
      • area and population, xii: 279;
      • see also Shantung.
    • Kiel Canal, Peace Treaty provisions for navigation of, xii: 255.
    • Kienzle, Herbert, in German plot to blow up ships at sea, x: 372.
    • Kiev, captured by Germans, Mar. 2, '18, i: 393.
    • Kilid-Bahr,
      • fortification of, on Gallipoli, ii: 29, iv: 24, 45;
      • objective of British landing forces, iii: 167;
      • bombarded, Mar. 5, '15, iv: 45;
      • see also Gallipoli Campaign.
    • Killingholme, England, U. S. seaplane station at, iv: 359.
    • Kimigayo, Japanese national anthem, xi: 328.
    • King Edward VII, British battleship sunk by mine, Jan. 10, '16, i: 384.
    • Kiribaba Pass, seized by Russians, Jan. 16, '15, i: 378.
    • Kitchener, Field-Marshal Lord Horatio Herbert,
      • drowned in sinking of cruiser Hampshire, June 5, '16, i: 385, ix: 168;
      • attitude on Dardanelles campaign, ii: Intro. xv;
      • dispute with Field-Marshal French, ii: 164-169;
      • member of British Cabinet War Council, ii: 198;
      • responsibility for Dardanelles disaster, ii: 198, 202;
      • influence in War Council described by Winston Churchill, ii: 202;
      • biography, ix: 168-176;
      • bibliography, ix: 176;
      • military commandments, xi: 55.
    • K-K-K-Katy, American soldiers' song, xi: 335.
    • Kluck, Gen. Alexander von,
      • leads invasion of Belgium and France, Aug., '14, ii: 8, iii: 10, xi: 10;
      • occupies Brussels, Aug. 20, '14, ii: 8, iii: 21;
      • defeated at first Marne battle and forced to retreat, Sept., '14, ii: 9, 184, iii: 30-34;
      • strategy of Aug., '14 advance, criticism of, by Field-Marshal French, ii: 168;
      • avoids Paris and crosses the Marne, iii: 28;
      • biography, ix: 266-268.
    • Knights of Columbus,
      • war-time activities of, vii: 328-339;
      • organizing for war work, vii: 330;
      • funds raised, vii: 331;
      • war work expenditures, vii: 332;
      • War Activities Committee, vii: 334;
      • employment bureaus for discharged service men, vii: 338.
    • Knotty Ash Camp, Liverpool, American Y. M. C. A. at, vii: 287.
    • Knox peace resolution,
      • declaring war between U. S. and Germany at end, passed by Congress in substitution for Treaty of Versailles, xii: 273-277;
      • text of original resolution asking the President to make separate peace, xii: 273-274;
      • text of amended resolution, xii: 277;
      • vetoed by President Wilson, xii: 277;
      • President's veto message, xii: 278.
    • Kocak, Sgt. Matej, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 389.
    • Koenig, Paul,
      • head of Hamburg-American Line secret service, i: 317;
      • German spy in U. S., x: 347.
    • Koenig, Capt. Paul, commander of German commerce submarine Deutschland, personal account of trans-Atlantic trip, iv: 214-216, x: 271-274.
    • Koja Chemen Tepe,
      • at Gallipoli, dominates Anzac positions, iii: 172;
      • Anzac assault on, iii: 173;
      • see also Gallipoli Campaign.
    • Kolchak, Adm. Aleksandr Vasiliyevich,
      • Siberian government of, recognized by Allies, vi: 188;
      • declares himself dictator of Siberia, vi: 194;
      • xii: 78;
      • appeal to munition workers, vi: 5, ix: 27;
      • speeds up British war efforts, vi: 10;
      • statement of Allied war aims, vi: 12;
      • indorses President Wilson's Fourteen Points, vi: 14;
      • conciliatory policy between labor and capital, vi: 20;
      • biography, ix: 21-30;
      • bibliography, ix: 30;
      • see also Peace Conference.
    • Loans, raised by belligerents for conduct of War, xii: 111.
    • Locomotives,
      • number shipped to France from U. S., xii: 95, xii: 286;
      • see also Railroads.
    • Lodge, Senator Henry Cabot,
      • leads opposition to Peace Treaty, xii: 264;
      • original reservations to Peace Treaty, text, xii: 265;
      • revised reservations to Peace Treaty, text, xii: 269.
    • Lodz, occupied by Germans, Nov. 27, '14, iii: 129.
    • Logan, Col. James A., Chief of Administration (G-1), G. H. Q., A. E. F., v: 101.
    • Loman, Pvt. Berger, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 397.
    • Lome, surrender to British, Aug., '14, iii: 252.
    • London,
      • air raids on,
        • Aug. 17, '15, i: 381;
        • Sept. 8, '15, i: 381;
        • Oct. 13, '15, i: 382;
        • Dec. 24, '14, iii: 41;
      • welcome to Pershing, June, '17, v: 97;
      • American Y. M. C. A. in, vii: 288.
    • London, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33.
    • London Volunteer Motor Corps, vii: 107.
    • Long, Long Trail, American soldiers' song, xi: 335.
    • Longueval, objective in Somme battle, iii: 58.
    • Longwy,
      • abandoned by Allies, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375;
      • iron area coveted by Germans, '14, ii: 6.
    • Loos,
      • British attempt to pierce German lines at, '15, ii: 25;
      • captured by British, Sept. 26, '15, iii: 46;
      • faulty British generalship in battle of, iii: 375.
    • Lord Nelson, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31.
    • Lorraine,
      • value of iron deposits, i: 267;
      • French offensive in, Aug., '14, iii: 16.
    • Losnitza, Austrians cross Drina at, iii: 151.
    • Losses,
      • see
      • Casualties;
      • Prisoners of war.
    • "Lost Battalion," under Major Whittlesey,
      • cut off from 77th Div., Oct. 2, '18, v: 231, 239;
      • attempts at relief of, fail, v: 241, 242;
      • rescued, Oct. 7, '18, v: 243;
      • units composing, v: 363.
    • Loti, Pierre, description of gas victims, iii: 320-322.
    • Lough Foyle, Ireland, U. S. naval air station at, iv: 357.
    • Louppy, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.
    • "Lousy Champagne," location, v: 43.
    • Louvain,
      • captured by Germans, Aug. 19, '14, i: 375, iii: 14;
      • burned by Germans, Aug. 26, '14, i: 375, iii: 14;
      • description of burning by Richard Harding Davis, iii: 273-277.
    • Louvain, University of, Peace Treaty provisions for restoration by Germany of books destroyed, xii: 225.
    • Lowenstein, Milton B., Boy Scout in air service, xi: 116.
    • Lowestoft, attacked by German battle cruiser squadron, Apr. 25, '16, i: 385.
    • Lowicz, occupied by Germans, Dec. 18, '14, i: 376.
    • Lublin, occupied by Austrians, July 30, '15, i: 381.
    • Lublin-Cholm Railway, cut by Germans in '15 offensive, iii: 138.
    • Lubomirsky, Prince, appointed by Germany to Regency Council of Poland, vi: 214.
    • "Lucky Bag," explanation of term, iv: 171.
    • Lucy-la-Bocage, important point near ChÂteau-Thierry, v: 132.
    • Ludendorff, Gen. Erich von,
      • War account, ii: 298-365;
      • estimate of own importance to German victories, ii: 298, 300;
      • appointed First Quartermaster-General, Aug. 29, '16, ii: 326, iii: 61;
      • denies being Germany's dictator, ii: 333;
      • resignation forced, Oct. 26, '18, ii: 336, vi: 271;
      • opinion of A. E. F., ii: 337;
      • war attitude, explained by himself, ii: 344;
      • brigade commander at start of War, ii: 345;
      • share in capture of LiÉge, ii: 348;
      • appointed Chief of Staff to Hindenburg in East Prussia, Aug., '14, ii: 351;
      • account of first meeting with Hindenburg, Aug. 23, '14, ii: 353;
      • appointed Chief of Staff for operations on southeastern front, Sept., '14, ii: 357;
      • failure of "Spring Drive" loses War, '18, vi: 270;
      • biography, ix: 250-257.
    • Luderitz Bay, captured by British, iii: 254.
    • Lufberry, Maj. Raoul, American ace, story of, x: 191-196.
    • Luke, Lieut. Frank, Jr.,
      • American aviator, story of, x: 211-214;
      • gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 393.
    • Lukin, Gen., heads expedition against Sollum, iii: 191.
    • Lullaby for a Baby Tank, poem by H. T. Craven, xi: 270.
    • Lumber, uses in war, viii: 306-309.
    • Lunacharsky, member of Bolshevik presidium, vi: 179.
    • LunÉville,
      • captured by Germans, Aug. 21—23, '14, i: 375, iii: 20;
      • retaken by French, Sept. 11, '14, i: 375.
    • Lupkow Pass, occupied by Russians, Dec., '14, iii: 127.
    • Lurcher, British destroyer at battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.
    • Lusitania, S. S.,
      • German warning against travelling on, May 1, '15, i: 319;
      • sunk by German submarine, May 7, '15, i: 319, 358, 380, xi: 20, 237;
        • Lord Mersey's official report, i: 362-365;
      • loss of life, i: 319, 362;
      • U. S. note to Germany on sinking, May 13, '15, i: 320;
      • Roosevelt's statement on, i: 320;
      • Taft's view of action by U. S. over sinking, i: 320;
      • U. S. demands disavowal of sinking by Germany, i: 323;
      • summary of controversy between U. S. and Germany over sinking, i: 358;
      • dimensions, i: 362;
      • number and nationality of passengers on last trip, i: 362;
      • number in crew, i: 362;
      • not armed, i: 363;
      • German hymn of glory over sinking of, i: 365;
      • eye-witness accounts of sinking, iv: 220-222;
      • Capt. Turner's account, iv: 222;
      • Germans celebrate destruction as naval victory, iv: 223.
    • Lutsk,
      • captured by Germans, Sept. 1, '15, i: 381;
      • recaptured by Russians, Sept. 23, '15, i: 382;
      • recaptured by Germans, Sept. 27, '15, i: 382;
      • captured by Russians, June 6, '16, i: 385, iii: 142.
    • LÜtzow, German battle cruiser sunk at Jutland, eye-witness account, iv: 256.
    • Luxemburg, Duchess of, see Marie Adelaide.
    • Luxemburg, Grand Duchy of,
      • invaded by Germans, Aug. 2, '14, i: 144, iii: 10, vi: 93, xi: 10;
      • annexation sought by Belgium and France, '19, vi: 94;
      • Peace Treaty provisions concerning, xii: 189.
    • Luxemburg, Rosa,
      • German radical leader, protest against War, '14, vi: 249;
      • imprisoned, '16, vi: 262;
      • leads Spartacides, Nov., '18, vi: 278;
      • killed during Spartacide uprising, Jan. 14, '19, vi: 289;
      • views on social revolution, ix: 147.
    • Lvov, Prince George E.,
      • Premier under Russian Provisional Government, Mar. 14, '17, vi: 155;
      • manifesto on war aims, Apr. 9, '17, vi: 159;
      • forms Coalition Cabinet, vi: 160;
      • biography, ix: 100-102;
      • Presi
      • joins Jugoslav union, vi: 366;
      • battle deaths, xii: 288.
    • Montfaucon,
      • German stronghold in Meuse-Argonne sector, v: 78, 218;
      • captured by 79th Div., Sept. 27, '18, v: 224-225.
    • Montfaucon Wood, captured by 37th Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 224.
    • MontmÉdy, captured by Germans, Aug. 27, '14, i: 375.
    • Montmirail,
      • German objective in last drive on Paris, v: 36;
      • headquarters of 28th Div., June, '18, v: 143.
    • Montrebeau Wood, captured by 1st Div., Oct. 4, '18, v: 237.
    • Montrieul-aux-Lions, headquarters of 2nd Div., June, '18, v: 143.
    • Moore, Rear-Adm. Sir Archibald, second in command of British in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.
    • Morale,
      • Allied and German during winter, '17—'18, v: 1;
      • German, weakened by failure of great offensive, July, '18, v: 53;
      • American, under hardships of Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 87, 232;
      • Allied and German, Sept., '18, v: 213.
    • Moranville, taken by 322nd Inf., Nov. 9, '18, v: 277.
    • Morava-Maritza Valley, approach to Constantinople through Serbia, iii: 150.
    • Moravia,
      • early history, vi: 396;
      • nationalistic aspirations, vi: 396.
    • Moresnet, ceded to Belgium under Peace Treaty, vi: 89, xii: 188.
    • Moreuil salient,
      • military operations in, Aug.—Sept., '18, iii: 98;
      • Allied attack on Albert-Montdidier line, iii: 98;
      • Albert captured by British, Aug., '18, iii: 98;
      • British attack on the Scarpe, Sept., '18, iii: 98.
    • Morgan, Miss Anne, war relief activities, vii: 92.
    • Morine Wood, captured by 32nd Div., Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.
    • Morocco,
      • French control of, recognized by Great Britain, '04, i: 99, 202;
      • Kaiser's famous speech at Tangier on German policy, Mar., '05, i: 99, 202;
      • European crisis on dispatch of German gunboat Panther to Agadir, July, '11, i: 104, 203;
      • storm center of European diplomacy, i: 202;
      • Prince Lichnowsky's views on German policy, i: 204;
      • German rights in, surrendered under Peace Treaty, xii: 208.
    • Mort Homme,
      • see
        • Dead Man's Hill;
        • Verdun.
    • Mortars, see Artillery.
    • Morton, Maj.-Gen. Charles G.,
      • commands 29th Div., June, '18, v: 146;
      • takes command of sector on right bank of Meuse, Oct. 10, '18, v: 246.
    • Moscow,
      • municipal elections annulled by reactionary Protopopov, '17, vi: 143;
      • Conference called by Kerensky, '17, vi: 167;
      • meeting of Soviet Congress, Mar., '18, vi: 185.
    • Moselle River, German attempt to enter France through valley of, '14, v: 199.
    • Mosley, Brig.-Gen. G. Van H., Chief of Co-ordination, G. H. Q., A. E. F., Sept., '17, v: 102.
    • Motors,
      • airplane, production in U. S., xii: 285;
      • Liberty, production figures, xii: 285.
    • Motor Transport Corps, U. S., see U. S., Army.
    • Motor trucks,
      • important function in Verdun defense, iii: 50, viii: 289-291;
      • mobile ordnance repair shops, description and functions, v: 350, v: 294-298;
      • armored cars, viii: 286;
      • Paris buses as war transports, viii: 286;
      • use as ambulances, viii: 287;
      • number in use by belligerents, Aug., '14, viii: 288;
      • number in use at front, June, '15, viii: 288;
      • number shipped to France from U. S., viii: 288, xii: 95, xii: 286;
      • Liberty truck, development and description, viii: 291-294.
    • Mott, Dr. John R., General Secretary, Y. M. C. A. War Work Council, vii: 261.
    • Mount Vernon, U. S. transport torpedoed, Sept. 5, '17, iv: 337.
    • Mousquet, French destroyer sunk by Emden, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 181.
    • Mouzay, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 9, '18, v: 94, 272.
    • MÜcke, Lieut. Hellmuth von, account of exploits of German raider Emden, iv: 167-187, 190-194.
    • Mudros, British advance base for Gallipoli campaign, iii: 164, iv: 30.
    • MÜhlon, Dr. William, disclosures of German complicity in forcing War, i: 133-136, 250-254.
    • Muir, Maj.-Gen. Charles H.,
      • commands 28th Div., May, '18, v: 128;
      • in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 220.
    • Mules, number shipped to France by U. S., xii: 95, xii: 286.
    • MÜlhausen, captured by French, Aug. 8, '14, iii: 16.
    • MÜller, Capt. Karl von, commander of German raider Emden, iv: 166.
    • Munich,
      • murder of Kurt Eisner and Spartacide uprising in, Feb., '19, vi: 298;
      • Spartacides establish Soviet, vi: 300;
      • Soviet overthrown by Noske, May, '19, vi: 301.
    • MÜnsterberg, Prof. Hugo, on "Russian Peril," vi: 250.
    • Murfin, Capt. O. G., in charge of U. S. Navy mine bases, iv: 325.
    • Murman Region,
      • Military Government of, established, July, '18, xii: 279;
      • area and population, xii: 279.
    • Murmansk, fighting between Allies and Bolsheviki at, vi: 187.
    • Murray, Gen., commands British troops defending Suez, iii: 191.
    • Mush,
      • captured by Russians, Feb. 18, '16, i: 384, iii: 263;
      • evacuated by Russians, Aug. 8, '16, i: 386.
    • Mushi, captured by British, Mar. 13, '16, i: 384.
    • Mustard gas,
      • use in chemical warfare, v: 321, viii: 171-172, xi: 321;
      • use of "Sag Paste," as protection against, v: 324;
      • manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 186.
    • N
    • Namazieh Battery, at Gallipoli, iv: 45.
    • Namur, forts of,
      • constructed, 1890, i: 143;
      • captured by Germans, Aug., '14, i: 375, iii: 14-15.
    • Nancy,
      • German advance on, checked, Aug., '14, iii: 19;
      • important frontier fortress, v: 199, 215.
    • Nantillois, captured by 315th Inf., Sept. 28, '18, v: 228.
    • Napier, Rear-Adm. T. D. W., commander of British 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron at Jutland, iv: 120.
    • Naples, bombed by German aviators, Mar. 11, '18, i: 395.
    • Napoleon, Fort, at Gallipoli, bombarded by French battleship Gaulois, Mar. 2, '15, iv: 43.
    • Narew, Russian Army of the, invades East Prussia, iii: 111.
    • Narodna Odbrana, Serbian patriotic society, accused of responsibility for murder of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, i: 112.
    • Narodni Savetz, Bulgarian patriotic organization, vi: 341.
    • Narrows, at Dardanelles, defenses of bombarded by Allies, Mar. 5, '15, iv: 45.
    • Narva, captured by Germans, Mar. 5, '18, i: 393.
    • Nasarie, taken by British, '15, iii: 181.
    • Nasmith, Lieut.-Com., captain of British submarine E-11 in Sea of Marmora, iv: 210.
    • Nasrullah Khan, instigator of Habibullah Khan's assassination, vi: 80.
    • National Allied Relief Committee, vii: 87;
      • see also War relief.
    • National anthems, wo of Irish Republic, vi: 60, ix: 53.
    • Peck, Pvt. Archie A., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 400.
    • Penang harbor, attacked by Emden, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 178.
    • People's Relief Committee, for Jewish relief, formation, vii: 354.
    • Pepper Hill, at Verdun, attacked by Germans, Apr. 18, '16, iii: 52, 304.
    • Periscope, description, viii: 165, xi: 245.
    • Perkins, Pvt. Michael J., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 391.
    • Permanent Blind Relief War Fund, organization and activities, vii: 255-259.
    • PÉronne,
      • French objective in Somme battle, iii: 55;
      • captured by British, Mar. 18, '17, iii: 68.
    • PÉronne-Ham sector, Allied drive on, Sept., '18, ii: 158.
    • Pershing, Gen. John J.,
      • offers A. E. F. to Foch, Mar. 28, '18, v: 30, 120, 380, ix: 153;
      • sails for Europe, May, '17, v: 97;
      • reception in England, June, '17, v: 97;
      • reception in France, June, '17, v: 97;
      • reasons for selection of American Army zone, '18, v: 110;
      • farewell speech to 1st Div., Chaumont-en-Vixen, Apr., '18, v: 121;
      • urges attack with A. E. F., July, '18, v: 158;
      • extract from report on Aisne-Marne Offensive, July, '18, v: 182;
      • assumes tactical command of American forces in battle area, v: 192, 384, ix: 205;
      • extract from report on St. Mihiel attack, v: 212;
      • starts Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 213;
      • extract from report on preparation for Meuse-Argonne attack, v: 218;
      • divides A. E. F. combat units into two Armies, Oct. 9, '18, v: 246, 390;
      • personal message to each soldier in A. E. F., v: 353;
      • official report on A. E. F., v: 373-404;
      • appeal to War Dept. for troops, Dec., '17, v: 373;
      • insists on independent American Army in France, v: 385;
      • Alsatian ancestry, ix: 166;
      • origin of name, ix: 166;
      • biography, ix: 199-210.
    • Pershing Stadium, vii: 313.
    • Persia,
      • divided into " spheres of influence" by Anglo-Russian agreement, '07, i: 104, vi: 335;
      • sympathy with Turkey, vi: 330;
      • pro-German sentiment, vi: 336-337;
      • Great Britain in control, '19, vi: 338.
    • Persia, S. S., British merchantman,
      • sunk in Mediterranean, Dec. 30, '15, i: 384;
      • eye-witness account, iv: 224.
    • Peru,
      • dispute with Chile over Tacna-Arica district, vi: 390;
      • delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.
    • PÉtain, Marshal Henri Philippe,
      • defender of Verdun, ii: 189, iii: 50, 54, 304, xi: 22;
      • eulogy of, by Gen. Malleterre, ii: 220;
      • biography, ix: 164-166.
    • Peter I, King of Serbia,
      • accompanies his nation in retreat, iii: 281, 284;
      • reËnters Belgrade, Dec. 15, '14, iii: 397;
      • foreign policy, vi: 355;
      • biography, ix. 398-399.
    • Petrograd,
      • food shortage in, vi: 141;
      • workmen's delegates on War Industrial Committee arrested, vi: 143;
      • during the Revolution, vi: 144-153.
    • Petroseny, captured by Rumanians, Sept. 1, '16, i: 386.
    • Peuvillers, captured by 128th Inf. Regt., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.
    • Peyton, Maj.-Gen., British commander in western Egypt, iii: 191.
    • Pflanzer, Gen. von, Austrian commander in Bukovina, iii: 132.
    • Philippines, acquired by U. S., i: 56.
    • Phillipeville, bombarded by Goeben, Aug. 4, '14, iv: 14.
    • Phonotelemeter, description of, viii: 20.
    • Phosgene (Carbonyl chloride),
      • use in chemical warfare, v: 321, viii: 168-170;
      • manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 184.
    • Photography in war,
      • work of U. S. Signal Corps, v: 319;
      • use in artillery range-finding, viii: 14;
      • value of aerial photography, viii: 226, 331;
      • types of aerial cameras, viii: 228, 332-334;
      • De Ram automatic camera for aerial photography, viii: 228, 333;
      • work of U. S. aerial photographers, viii: 228, 235;
      • personnel of Photographic Section, U. S. Air Service, viii: 234;
      • future, viii: 234;
      • making pictorial history of War, viii: 329-331;
      • production of photographic supplies by U. S., viii: 355;
      • mobile developing laboratories, viii: 335;
      • see also Aerial photography.
    • Piave River, Italian stand at, after Caporetto rout, ii: 58, 250, iii: 248.
    • Picardy Front,
      • German choice for final drive, '18, ii: 69;
      • advantages of, for German offensive, '18, ii: 69.
    • Pichon, Stephen, French Foreign Minister, speech before Chamber of Deputies on secret Entente agreements of '16—'17, vi: 334.
    • Pigeons, war uses, v: 239, 319, viii: 328.
    • Pike, Lieut.-Col. Emory J., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 400.
    • Pill-boxes,
      • description, iii: 79, viii: 130;
      • battle tactics in use of, viii: 130-133.
    • Pilsudski,
      • Gen. Joseph, leads Polish troops against Russia, vi: 202;
      • jailed by Germans, vi: 214;
      • assumes dictatorship of Poland, vi: 219;
      • dictatorship not recognized by Allies, vi: 222;
      • Minister of Foreign Affairs in Paderewski cabinet, vi: 223;
      • becomes president of Polish Republic, vi: 225;
      • biography, ix: 92-95.
    • Pirot, occupied by Bulgars, Oct. 28, '15, i: 382.
    • Pistols,
      • Schwarzlose automatic pistol, mechanism, viii: 90;
      • use as military weapon, viii: 116-117.
    • "Place in the sun,"
      • speech by Kaiser, '01, i: 95;
      • definition of phrase, ii: 27;
      • German control of Balkans as means of attaining, ii: 27.
    • Plava, captured by Italians June 10, '15, i: 380, iii: 244.
    • Players, The, poem by Francis Bickley, ix: 290.
    • Pleinchamps Farm, captured by 28th Div., Oct. 4, '18, v: 239.
    • Ploechti, captured by Germans, Dec. 6, '16, iii: 222.
    • Plumer, Gen. Sir Herbert,
      • commander of British Second Army, ii: 214;
      • a great military chief, iii: 375;
      • offensive in Flanders, Sept., '18, v: 213.
    • Plunkett, Rear-Adm. Chas. P., commander of U. S. Naval Railway Batteries on Western Front, v: 306, viii: 45.
    • Plunkett, Sir Horace, Irish leader, chairman of Irish Convention, '18, vi: 62.
    • Plymouth, England, U. S. subchaser base, iv: 359.
    • PoincarÉ, Raymond,
      • President of French Republic, biography, ix: 14-19;
      • bibliography, ix: 19.
    • Points d'Appui, definition, v: 13.
    • Pola,
      • Italian naval raid on, Nov. 2, '16, iv: 369;
      • Italians sink Austrian dreadnought at, May 14, '18, iv: 372;
      • Austrian dreadnought Viribus Unitis blown up by Italians at, Nov. 1, '18, x: 297-303.
    • Poland,
      • topography, iii: 106-108;
      • German invasion of, and unsuccessful attacks on Warsaw,
      • Sept., '14—Feb., '15, iii: 116-118, 124-127, 128-132;
      • Austrian invasion of, iii: 118-120;
      • conquered by Austro-German forces, July—Sept., '15, iii: 137-141, vi: 311;
      • battle of the Salients, July, '15, iii: 138;
      • Warsaw captured by Germans, Aug. 4, '15, iii: 138;
      • civilian deaths due to war-time privation, iii: 406;
      • early history and pre-War condition, vi: 201;
      • Russian promise of autonomy, '14, vi: 201;
      • Austrian Poles support Central Powers, vi: 202;
      • Poles under Pilsudski fight against Russia, vi: 202;
      • war-time destitution in, vi: 204-210;
      • German reforms in, vi: 208;
      • German policy, vi: 210-213;
      • Germany promises reËstablishment of Polish Kingdom, Nov. 5, '16, vi: 210;
      • Germany demands Polish troops, vi: 213;
      • freed by Russian Revolution, vi: 213;
      • Germany sets up Regency, vi: 214;
      • denied representation at Brest-Litovsk by Germany, vi: 214;
      • revolt against Teuton domination, '18, vi: 216;
      • capture of Lemberg from Ruthenians, Nov. 5, '18, vi: 217;
      • proclamation of Republic, vi: 218-219;
      • Pilsudski becomes dictator, Nov., '18, vi: 219;
      • Ger i>
      • narrow-gauge, at the front, viii: 302;
      • see also Bagdad Railway.
    • Railway Artillery Reserve,
      • U. S., formation, v: 305;
      • units composing, v: 305;
      • engagements on Western Front, v: 306-308;
      • see also U. S. Army, Artillery.
    • Rainbow (42nd) Division, see U. S., Army.
    • Rambucourt, on Toul sector, v: 116.
    • Ramscappelle, German success at, Oct. 30, '14, iii: 40.
    • Ramsey, British patrol boat, sunk by German auxiliary cruiser Meteor, iv, 197.
    • Ramsgate, bombarded by German destroyers, Nov. 25, '16, i: 389.
    • Range-finder, telescopic, structure and use of, viii: 9.
    • Range-finding, see
      • Artillery;
      • Hydrophones;
      • Microphone;
      • Phonotelemeter.
    • Rapallo Conference, iii: 84.
    • Rappes, Bois des, captured by 3rd Div., Oct., '18, v: 85.
    • Rasputin, Gregory,
      • influence over Czarina and Russian court, vi: 141;
      • assassinated, '16, vi: 141;
      • influence places Protopopov in power, vi: 143;
      • biography, ix: 345-347.
    • Ravaruska,
      • Russian success in battle of, Sept. 4—10, '14, iii: 122;
      • captured by Austro-German forces, June 20, '15, iii: 136.
    • Rawlinson, Gen., commander of British Fourth Army, ii: 214, iii: 371.
    • Raynal, Major, defender of Fort Vaux, iii: 55, 313.
    • Read, Maj.-Gen. George W., commander,
      • 30th Div., June, '18, v: 146;
      • commands 2nd Corps, v: 290, 382, 394;
      • biography, ix: 223-224.
    • Read, Lieut.-Com., pilots N-C-4, first airplane across Atlantic, viii: 240.
    • Rebais, Germans beaten back at, in first Marne battle, iii: 32.
    • Reconstruction of devastated war areas, German obligations under Peace Treaty, xii: 223.
    • Reconstruction of disabled,
      • American help for vocational training of French disabled, vii: 79, 92-95;
      • program of European belligerents, vii: 175;
      • in U. S. Army, vii: 175-186, 210-216, 222, 233-239;
      • importance of first aid, vii: 178;
      • treatment of shell-shock, vii: 179;
      • percent. of injured returned to service, vii: 180;
      • system of vocational training for U. S. service men, vii: 180-182, 210-216, 236-239;
      • educational personnel for training of U. S. service men, vii: 180, 185;
      • care of blinded U. S. service men, vii: 182, 213;
      • correcting speech defects in U. S. military hospitals, vii: 182, 213;
      • work of U. S. dental officers, vii: 210;
      • in civilian industries, vii: 240-245;
      • mechanical treatments for injured limbs, viii: 381-384;
      • artificial arms for war cripples, viii: 384-388;
      • artificial legs for war cripples, viii: 388-390;
      • remaking shell-torn faces, viii: 390;
      • artificial eyes for war blind, viii: 391;
      • see also
        • Medical science;
        • Surgery.
    • Recouly, Raymond,
      • account of first Marne battle, ii: 182-186;
      • account of Verdun battle, ii: 186-189.
    • Recreation, for service men, see
      • Entertainment;
      • Sports.
    • Recruiting, see under country.
    • Red Army,
      • in Russia, organized by Trotzky, vi: 185;
      • in Munich, raised by Munich Soviet, vi: 300;
      • in Hungary, under Communist Government, vi: 326.
    • Red Cross:
      • American,
        • relief work in Italy, ii: 250, vii: 42, 82;
        • Henry P. Davison, Chairman of War Council, vii: 1;
        • war-time activities, summary, vii: 1;
        • amount of contributions to, vii: 1;
        • increase in membership, vii: 1;
        • personnel in France, vii: 1;
        • Clara Barton, mother of, vii: 12;
        • peace time activities, vii: 14;
        • war organization, vii: 15-27;
        • raising war funds, vii: 15-27;
        • total relief expenditures, vii: 27;
        • range of activities, vii: 29;
        • location of base hospitals, vii: 30;
        • location of ambulance companies, vii: 30-31;
        • sanitary service, vii: 31-32;
        • nursing personnel, vii: 33;
        • canteen service, vii: 33, 42, 47-49, 54, 57;
        • auxiliary activities for service men's comfort, vii: 34;
        • recruiting services of nation's womanhood, vii: 34;
        • home service work, vii: 35;
        • services abroad, vii: 35-40;
        • hospital work in France, vii: 37, 45;
        • work for American prisoners in Germany, vii: 37-39, 71;
        • relief activities in England, vii: 40, 45;
        • with the Navy, vii: 41;
        • relief work among belligerents during U. S. neutrality, vii: 43-46;
        • hospital work in Germany, vii: 45;
        • hospital work in Austria-Hungary, vii: 45;
        • relief for Serbia, vii: 45, 84;
        • stories of overseas service with fighting men, vii: 47-72;
        • work for wounded, vii: 49-54, 56, 60-64;
        • ambulance service at the front, vii: 49-51;
        • tales of wounded, vii: 51-54;
        • hotels for service men in Paris, vii: 54;
        • supplying delicacies to wounded, vii: 56;
        • huts, vii: 59;
        • entertainment, vii: 60;
        • as bureau of information, vii: 62-64;
        • helping doughboys shop in France, vii: 64;
        • department store for overseas service men, vii: 66;
        • production of surgical dressings, vii: 67;
        • production of nitrous oxide, vii: 68;
        • baths and laundries behind the lines, vii: 70;
        • Children's Bureau, activities for welfare of child war sufferers, vii: 72, 76-79, xi: 85-90;
        • relief among Allied civilians, vii: 73-85;
        • relief among French refugees, vii: 73;
        • fight against tuberculosis in France, vii: 75;
        • education of French disabled, vii: 79;
        • relief for Belgian refugees, vii: 82;
        • relief in Rumania, vii: 84;
        • work in Palestine, vii: 84;
        • Institute for the Blind, vii: 259;
        • letters of appreciation from refugee children, xi: 60;
        • Junior American Red Cross, activities, xi: 90-93;
        • help by Boy Scouts, xi: 108;
        • letter from "Chinese citizen boy," xi: 179.
      • International, in Switzerland, vi: 380;
        • World League of, vii: 3;
        • history of development, vii: 4-14;
        • Florence Nightingale, first field nurse, vii: 11;
        • U. S. becomes member, vii: 14.
    • Red Cross Nurse, poem by Edith Thomas, vii: 279.
    • "Red Monday," during Russian Revolution, Mar. 12, '17, vi: 150.
    • "Red Week," rioting during, in Italy, June, '14, vi: 114.
    • "Reds," see Bolshevism.
    • Reeves, Col. Ira L., mlitary superintendent, A. E. F. University at Beaune, vii: 283.
    • Refrigerating plants, constructed by A. E. F. in France, v: 403.
    • Refugees, see War relief.
    • Regan, 2nd Lieut. Patrick, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 395.
    • Reichstag, German,
      • limitations as legislative body, i: 71;
      • composition and powers, i: 156.
    • Reims (Rheims),
      • abandoned by Allies, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375;
      • re-occupied by French, Sept. 15, '14, i: 376;
      • Cathedral bombarded by Germans, iii: 74, vi: 97;
      • attacked by Crown Prince, June, '18, iii: 95;
      • description of surrounding country, v: 43;
      • gateway between Germany and France, v: 215.
    • Reiter's Morganlied, German air, xi: 335.
    • Relief, see War relief.
    • Religion,
      • diversity of, obstacle to world federation, i: 25;
      • work of Y. M. C. A. with troops overseas, vii: 283-285.
    • Remington self-loading rifle,
      • description, viii: 89;
      • see also Rifles.
    • Remonville,
      • location, v: 217;
      • captured by 89th Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 262.
    • Remounts,
      • construction of depots for, by A. E. F., v: 333;
      • procuring of, for A. E. F., v: 399.
    • Renault tank,
      • description, viii: 156;
      • see also Tanks.
    • Rennenkampf, Gen.,
      • commander of Russian forces invading East Prussia, '14, 106;
      • total cost, Aug., '14—Oct., '17, xii: 107;
      • taxation, xii: 109;
      • loans, xii: 113;
      • rise in national debt, xii: 113-114.
  • Russian Front,
    • German analysis of strength and strategic importance, Aug., '14, ii: 12-16;
    • strategic plans of Russia and Central Powers, ii: 22, iii: 109-110;
      • Gen. Gourko's explanation, ii: 225;
    • Russian invasion of Galicia, '14—'15, ii: 22-24, 26, iii: 118-124, 127, 132-134;
    • Lemberg captured by Russians, Sept. 3, '14, ii: 23, iii: 121;
    • operations in East Prussia, '14, ii: 24, iii: 110-116;
      • Gen. Gourko's account, ii: 227-229;
      • Ludendorff's account, ii: 353-357;
    • battle of Tannenberg, Aug., '14, ii: 24, iii: 112-116;
    • campaigns in Poland, ii: 25, 26, 229, iii: 116-120, 124-127, 128-132, 137-141;
      • Ludendorff's account,ii: 361-365;
    • Przemysl, siege and capture by Russians, ii: 26, iii: 123, 125, 127, 134, 292, xi: 16;
    • successful Teuton counter-offensive in Galicia under Mackensen, May, '15, ii: 26, 233, iii: 135-137, 294-296, vi: 258, 311;
      • Ludendorff's account, ii: 360;
    • Warsaw, German attacks on and capture, ii: 26, iii: 128-130, 131, 138;
    • Brusiloff's offensive in Galicia, '16, ii: 42-44, 235, iii: 141-145;
    • Russian collapse, '17, ii: 54, iii: 146, v: 113, vi: 157, 164;
      • Ludendorff on, ii: 340;
      • Gen. Denikin's report, iii: 267-270;
    • campaigns in Caucasus and Armenia, ii: 91-92, iii: 260-263, vi: 331, xi: 29;
    • capture of Erzerum, Feb. 16, '16, ii: 91, iii: 262-263;
    • effect of invasion of East Prussia on first Marne battle, ii: 227;
    • reasons for weakness of Russian fortresses, ii: 230;
    • Przemysl recaptured by Teuton forces, June 1—2, '15, ii: 234, iii: 136;
    • Lemberg recaptured by Austrians, June 22, '15, ii: 234, iii: 137;
    • topography, iii: 106-109;
    • last Russian offensive in Galicia, July, '17, iii: 146;
    • battle experiences on, iii: 316;
    • activities of A. E. F. against Bolsheviki, v: 394, vi: 187, 193;
    • description of Russian trenches, viii: 123;
    • see also
      • East Prussia;
      • Galicia;
      • Mazurian Lakes;
      • Poland.
  • Russky, Gen., commander of Russian forces invading Galicia, iii: 119.
  • Ruthenians,
    • clash with Poles for control of eastern Galicia, vi: 217, 248;
    • cultural freedom under Austrian rule, vi: 241;
    • attempts at forced Russification during Russian occupation of Galicia, vi: 243.
  • Ryan, Michael J., Irish-American delegate to Peace Conference vi: 66.
  tion, xi: 189.
• Spain,
  • as a naval power, i: 28;
  • loss of colonial empire, i: 35;
  • international position in '14, i: 62;
  • policy of neutrality during War, vi: 370;
  • growing dislike for Germans, vi: 371;
  • war-time prosperity, vi: 372;
  • German propaganda in, xii: 101.
• Spartacides, German,
  • beginnings, vi: 260;
  • leaders, vi: 278;
  • excluded by Ebert from Provisional Government, Nov., '18, vi: 278;
  • urge social revolution, vi: 279;
  • allied with Russian Bolsheviki, vi: 280-281;
  • program rejected by Central Council of Delegates, Dec., '18, vi: 283;
  • plan revolution against government of Majority Socialists, vi: 283;
  • insurrection of Jan., '19, vi: 287-290;
  • Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg killed, vi: 289;
  • defeated in elections for National Assembly, Jan., '19, vi: 290;
  • instigate labor strikes, vi: 294;
  • establish Soviet in Munich, Feb., '19, vi: 298, 300-301;
  • establish Soviet in Leipzig, Feb., '19, vi: 299;
  • second Berlin insurrection suppressed by Noske, Mar., '19, vi: 299-300;
  • see also Germany, Internal politics.
• Spee, Adm. Count Maximilian,
  • commander of German Far East Squadron, strategy of operations, iv: 59-62;
  • defeats British in battle off Coronel, Nov. 1, '14, iv: 64-69;
  • biography, ix: 306-309.
• Sperry gyro-compass, viii: 348.
• Spheres of influence, of Great Powers, i: 18.
• Spies,
  • German, in United States, x: 326-348, 350;
  • in England, x: 348;
  • the "spy mill," x: 355;
  • disclosure of tank secret by Mata-Hari, x: 360;
  • dynamiting of Canadian railroad bridge, x: 368;
  • plot to blow up Allied ships, x: 369-377;
  • within French lines, x: 379.
• Spires of Oxford, poem by Winifred M. Letts, xi: 210.
• Spitaals-Bosschen, captured by 91st Div., Oct. 31, '18, v: 279.
• Sports, in A. E. F.,
  • at Winchester Camp, vii: 288;
  • in Army of Occupation, vii: 293;
  • general athletic program under Y. M. C. A., vii: 313-317.
• Springfield rifle,
  • standard arm of U. S. troops before War, v: 347;
  • reason for abandonment during War and adoption of British type, v: 347, viii: 96;
  • comparison of new U. S. type with, viii: 102-105;
  • see also Rifles.
• Spruce, use in aircraft construction, viii: 308.
• Srpska Narodna Himna, Serbian national anthem, xi: 328.
• Stage Women's War Relief, organization and activities, vii: 343-349.
• Stanislau,
  • captured by Austrians, Feb., '15, iii: 132;
  • recaptured by Russians, Mar., '15, iii: 132;
  • recaptured by Austrians, June, '15, iii: 136.
• Star shells, iv: 334, viii: 334.
• Star-spangled Banner, American national anthem, xi: 325.
• Stark, Col. Alexander, Chief Surgeon, First Army, v: 346.
• Stefanik, Gen., member of Czechoslovak provisional government, vi: 399.
• Stenay, captured by 90th Div., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.
• Stern, Lieut.-Col. Sir A. G., share in development of tanks, viii: 155.
• Stock Exchange, New York, effect of War on, xii: 32.
• Stokes, Anson Phelps, Secretary of Yale University, educational survey of A. E. F., vii: 281.
• Stokes mortar, use as "artillery of accompaniment," viii: 141.
• Stone, Lieut.-Com. A. J., inventor of "Y" gun for launching depth bombs, iv: 332.
• Stonne, captured by 77th Div., Nov. 5, '18, v: 268.
• Storage tanks built by A. E. F. Engineers in France, v: 334.
• Storstad, S. S., Belgian relief ship sunk by U-boat, Mar. 8, '17, iv: 229.
• Strassburg, German cruiser in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 240.
• Strategy, of the War,
  • Maj.-Gen. Maurice on, ii: Intro. vii-xxiv;
  • Allied miscalculation of German strength, Aug., '14, ii: Intro. vii;
  • British policy of combined land and naval attack, ii: Intro. viii;
  • factors in formation of British military policy, ii: Intro. viii;
  • importance of Eastern and Western theaters of war compared, ii: Intro. x-xxiii, 11-14, 87-90;
    • Field-Marshal French's opinion, ii: 171-172;
  • Lloyd George favors aggressive campaign against Austria, ii: Intro. x, xx;
  • comparative advantages for Allies of Dardanelles and Austrian campaigns, ii: Intro. xii;
  • advantageous position of Central Powers, ii: Intro. xiii;
  • comparison of, in World War with that of Civil War, ii: Intro. xiii;
  • value of Mesopotamian campaign, ii: Intro. xvi, 87-90;
  • reasons for British campaign in Palestine, ii: Intro. xviii, xxi, 87-90;
  • British position in secondary theaters of war, '17, ii: Intro. xix;
  • advisability of Salonika expedition, ii: Intro. xix;
  • Allies' problem, ii: Intro. xxi;
  • Allies at strategical advantage, Aug., '18, ii: Intro. xxiii;
  • general German war plans, '14, ii: 1-6, iv: 4-6, viii: 133;
  • French plans, '14, ii: 6-11;
  • German mistake in attacking France instead of Russia first, Aug., '14, ii: 11-16;
  • probable results of a vigorous German offensive against Russia in '14, ii: 13;
  • economic strategy, Allied blockade and German U-boat warfare, ii: 16-22;
  • absence of unified Allied plan prior to '16, ii: 40;
  • German battle positions compared with Allied, ii: 41;
  • Allied plan for overcoming German advantage of position, ii: 41;
  • German plans for '17, ii: 53;
  • Allied plans for '17, ii: 54;
  • reasons for German offensive of '18 and choice of front, ii: 63-69, 288;
  • object of war, ii: 68;
  • choice of Picardy front by Germans for final drive, '18, ii: 69;
  • importance of Amiens, ii: 69;
  • German operations in final drive, spring, '18, ii: 70-80, 97;
  • Foch's defense against German drive, spring, '18, ii: 76, 77;
  • theories of Foch on, ii: 80-82, 103-110, 137;
  • destruction of opposing army the essential, ii: 80;
  • of Foch, in Allied counter-offensive, July—Nov., '18, ii: 82-87, 97, v: 213;
  • Allied, in Turkey, ii: 87-94;
  • causes for failure of German war plans, ii: 99;
  • German in '14, compared with that in wars of 1866 and 1870, ii: 115;
  • necessity of frontal attacks on Western Front, ii: 116;
  • Field-Marshal Haig's theories on, ii: 118-120;
  • war of position on Western Front, ii: 148;
  • task of Allied reserves during German offensive, '18, ii: 151;
  • Russian war plans, explained by Chief of Staff Gen. Gourko, ii: 225;
  • Germans defeated in open warfare, '18, ii: 288-290;
  • importance of Bagdad railway, ii: 290;
  • defined, iv: 1;
  • relation of naval, to land, iv: 2;
  • offensive defined, iv: 4;
  • essentials of naval, iv: 4;
  • criticism of Allied lack of action in Mediterranean, iv: 13;
  • British and German aims in North Sea, iv: 86;
  • Lord Fisher's criticism of British, iv: 140;
  • German alternatives, '17—'18, v: 3;
  • old-fashioned studies useless in present War, v: 40;
  • see also
    • campaign, engagement, or front;
    • Foch;
    • Germany;
    • Tactics.
• Strauss, Rear-Adm. Joseph, in command of U. S. mine laying operations, iv: 328.
• Stretchers, improved types, viii: 377.
• Strong, Maj.-Gen. Frederick S., commander 40th Div., Aug., '18, v: 197.
• Strong, Dr. Richard P., in charge of U. S. typhus relief in Serbia, iii: 398, vii: 148.
• Strumnitza, French headquarters established at, Oct., '15, iii: 204.
• Stryj, captured by Germans June 1, '15, iii: 136.
• Strypa River, crossed by Russians June 8, '16, iii: 144.
• Sturdee, Vice-Adm. Sir Frederick, British commander at Battle of Falklands, iv: 69, ix: 308.
• StÜrgkh, Carl, Austrian Premier, killed, Oct. 21, '14, vi: 312.
• StÜrmer, Boris,
  • Russian cabinet member, German agent, ii: 59;
• Torpedoes,
  • description and use, iv: 307, viii: 266, xi: 245-258;
  • device for launching from air, iv: 335.
• Toul,
  • headquarters of First Army, Aug., '18, v: 193;
  • important fortified city, v: 199.
• Toul sector, taken over by A. E. F., Jan. 19, '18, v: 115.
• Tours,
  • A. E. F. Air Service Training School at, v: 313;
  • headquarters of S. O. S., v: 332.
• Towers, Commander, in command of N-C flying boats on trans-Atlantic flight, viii: 240.
• Townshend, Gen. Sir Charles,
  • besieged in Kut-el-Amara by Turks, iii: 183, 318-320, xi: 29;
  • forced to surrender Apr. 29, '16, iii: 183, 319, xi: 29;
  • biography, ix: 194.
• Tracer bullets, viii: 211.
• Tractors, artillery,
  • U. S., number in use in France, v: 350;
  • supplant horses, viii: 40.
• Transloy-Loupart line, captured by British, Mar.,'17, iii: 66.
• Transports,
  • Ludendorff's account of German efforts to sink U. S. troopships, ii: 317-318;
  • account by Adm. Gleaves of first expedition of U. S. troops to France, June,'17, iv: 157-162;
  • list of ships carrying U. S. troops across Atlantic for first time, June,'17, iv: 160;
  • equipment and escort of, by U. S. Navy, iv: 160, 165;
  • transportation of A. E. F. overseas, with statistics on number of troops carried and number and nationality of troopships and convoys used, iv: 162-165 , v: 285, 379, xii: 94-95, xii: 283;
  • British, statistics on troops carried, iv: 239;
  • U. S., attacked by submarines, accounts of, iv: 335-343.
• Transvaal, see South Africa, Union of.
• Transylvania,
  • invasion of, by Rumanians, Aug.,'16, ii: 60, iii: 217-218;
  • desire for possession cause of Rumania's entry into War, iii: 214, vi: 349;
  • topography of frontier, iii: 214;
  • Rumanians defeated and expelled from, by Falkenhayn, Sept.—Oct.,'16, iii: 220;
  • attitude of inhabitants to Rumanian invasion, vi: 313.
• Trawlers,
  • use in patrol and minesweeping, iv: 292;
  • battle with submarine, iv: 294.
• Treaties,
  • Allied agreement not to make separate peace, i: 146;
  • treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Russia and Germany, Mar.,' 18, ii: 63, 273, vi: 183, 268;
  • Quadruple Treaty (Treaty of London) between Italy and Allies, price for Italian participation in War, Apr., '15, vi: 122, 361;
  • Trotzky publishes Russian secret treaties, vi: 183, ix: 118;
  • secret agreements among Allies for partition of Turkey, '16—'17, vi: 334;
  • agreement between Rumania and Allies as price for Rumanian entry into War, '16, vi: 349;
  • treaty of Bucharest between Rumania and Central Powers, May,'17, vi: 352;
  • pre-War agreements between Germany and Allies revived by Treaty of Versailles, xii: 231;
  • agreements among Central Powers abrogated by Treaty of Versailles, xii: 232;
  • treaties between Germany and Rumania abrogated by Treaty of Versailles, xii: 232;
  • treaties between Germany and Russia abrogated by Treaty of Versailles, xii: 232;
  • see also
    • Alliances;
    • Peace Treaty with Germany, Versailles, '19.
• Trebizond, captured by Russians, Apr. 18,'16, ii: 92, iii: 263.
• Treitschke, Heinrich von,
  • German historian, exposition of Kultur, i: 66;
  • theory of supremacy of State, i: 148;
  • biography, i: 174;
  • philosophy compared with Carlyle's, i: 175;
  • theory of German greatness, i: 175;
  • hatred for England, i: 175;
  • summary of political philosophy, i: 177;
  • American student's recollection of, i: 178.
• Trench Duty, poem by Siegfried Sassoon, ix: 282.
• Trench feet, viii: 396.
• Trench warfare,
  • adoption by Germans after retreat from Marne, Sept., '14, ii: Intro. vii, 11, iii: 37, viii: 134, xi: 12, 253;
  • opposed by Field-Marshal French, ii: 171;
  • compared with "war of movement" by German military critic, ii: 259;
  • description of German trench system, ii: 275, viii: 124-130;
  • use of barbed wire as defensive barrier, ii: 276, viii: 136, 152;
  • value of tanks in, ii: 276, viii: 140-143, 150, 161;
  • use of machine guns in, ii: 288, viii: 134-136;
  • life in, iii: 286, x: 65-71, xi: 171-173;
  • French defensive system, v: 12-17;
  • night fighting, viii: 74;
  • reasons for adoption in place of open warfare, viii: 123;
  • kinds of trenches, viii: 123;
  • description of Russian trenches, viii: 123;
  • disadvantages of trenches as defensive system, viii: 129;
  • "pill-boxes," viii: 130-132;
  • use of artillery in, viii: 132-133, 136-141;
  • see also
    • Barbed wire;
    • Machine gun;
    • Tanks.
• Trentino, see Italian Front.
• Trepov, Russian Premier, forced to resign, '17, vi: 143.
• Treves,
  • bombed by French airmen, Sept. 13, '15, i: 382;
  • Oct. 1, '17, i: 392.
• Trevier, Belgian relief ship sunk by U-boat, iv: 230.
• Trieste,
  • unsuccessful Italian offensives against,' 16—'17, ii: 52, 246, iii: 246, xi: 26;
  • promised by Allies to Italy as war prize, vi: 122, 361;
  • American troops landed at, to preserve peace between Italians and Jugoslavs, vi: 366;
  • sinking of Austrian battleships Wien and Monarch in harbor of, by Italians, x: 290.
• Trinitrotoluol (T. N. T.),
  • composition and explosive properties, viii: 6;
  • American output of, xii: 285.
• Triple Alliance, of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy,
  • formation, 1882, i: 95;
  • terms, i: 95;
  • military strength, i: 95;
  • solidity of union between Germany and Austria, i: 208;
  • Italian position in, i: 255;
  • French estimate of, ii: 4;
  • repudiated by Italy, ii: 48, vi: 115;
  • see also Foreign policy, under name of country.
• Triple Entente, of France, Russia, and Great Britain, formation, i: 98, 106;
  • not a treaty-bound alliance, i: 103, 218;
  • Franco-Russian treaty of July,'12, i: 107;
  • Anglo-French agreement for united action against "third power," Nov., '12, i: 107, 220;
  • attitude to outbreak of War, i: 129;
  • agreement not to make separate peace, Aug. 4,'14, i: 146;
  • German estimate of military effectiveness, ii: 2;
  • see also Foreign policy, under name of country.
• Tripoli,
  • Turkish territory in north Africa, seized by Italy, i: 109;
  • town in Syria, captured by Allies, Oct.,'18, iii: 199.
• Tritton, Sir William, share in developing tank as fighting machine, viii: 155, xi: 257.
• Triumph, British battleship.
  • at Gallipoli, iv: 31;
  • sunk by U-boat, May 26, '15, iv: 50.
• Trois Fontaines, conference between Marshal Foch and Secretary Baker at, Oct. 4, '18, xii: 285.
• Tronsol Farm, captured by 182nd Brig., Sept. 28, '18, v: 229.
• Trophies of War, Peace Treaty provisions for return of, by Germany, to France,
• arrival and training overseas, v: 197;
• summary of history, v: 357;
• units composing, v: 357;
• casualties, v: 357.

7th Division,

• arrival and training in France, v: 198;
• starts first offensive as part of Second Army, Nov. 10, '18, v: 277, 279;
• summary of history, v: 357;
• casualties, v: 357;
• units composing, v: 358.

8th Division,

• summary of history, v: 368;
• in Siberia, v: 368;
• in Germany, v: 368;
• units composing, v: 368.

26th Division,

• arrival and training in France, v: 6-12, 108, 117-118;
• raided by Germans at Seicheprey, Apr. 20, '18, v: 28, 122;
• goes into position on Marne sector, July 9, '18, v: 46, 138;
• in second battle of the Marne, July 15—24, '18, v: 56, 58, 130, 155, 168, 183, 184-186, x: 76-78;
  • tributes from Pershing and Degoutte, v: 191-192;
• in St. Mihiel drive, Sept., '18, v: 65, 68, 202, 211, 386;
• in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Oct.—Nov., '18, v: 86-87, 220, 252, 270-272, x: 78-79;
• goes into Toul sector, Apr., '18, v: 120;
• casualties in second Marne battle, July, '18, v: 186;
• summary of history, v: 358;
• units composing, v: 358;
• total casualties, v: 358;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 358.

27th Division,

• organization and training in U. S., v: 196, 281-284, 358;
• arrival and training in France, v: 196, 284-286;
• war record, v: 358, 393;
  • by Maj.-Gen. O'Ryan, v: 281-300;
• with Gen. Byng's Third British Army, July, '18, v: 286;
• operations with British in Flanders, July—Aug., '18, v: 286-290;
• breaks through Hindenburg Line with British Fourth Army, Sept.—Oct., '18, v: 290-297, 393;
• casualties in assault of Hindenburg Line, v: 295;
• return to U. S., v: 299;
• commendation from Field-Marshal Haig, v: 299;
• total casualties, v: 358;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 358.

28th Division,

• in second battle of the Marne and pursuit of Germans across Vesle River, July—Aug., '18, v: 53, 56, 60, 62, 130, 153-154, 183-184, 188, 190, 383;
• praise by Pershing and Degoutte, v: 191-192;
• drives Germans from the Vesle to the Aisne, Aug.—Sept., '18, v: 62, 260, 383-384;
• in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept.—Oct., '18, v: 74, 78, 218, 220-221, 225, 227, 229, 231, 237-239, 241, 243, 388;
• arrival in France, v: 128;
• training in France, v: 143;
• sent to Marne sector as reserve to French army defending road to Paris, June, '18, v: 143, 153;
• casualties in second Marne battle, July 15—21, '18, v: 184;
• captures AprÉmont, Sept. 28, '18, v: 229;
• captures Le ChÊne Tondu, Oct. 4, '18, v: 239;
• captures ChÂtel Chehery, Oct. 7, '18, v: 243;
• operations as part of Second Army in direction of Metz and Briey, Nov., '18, v: 274-279;
• summary of history, v: 358;
• units composing, v: 359;
• total casualties, v: 359;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 359.

29th Division,

• in Meuse-Argonne Offensive,
• Sept.—Oct. '18, v: 74, 86, 244, 246, 252;
• captures Etraye ridge, Oct. 23, '18, v: 86, 252;
• organization and arrival in France, v: 146, 359;
• casualties in Meuse-Argonne battles, v: 253;
• summary of history, v: 359;
• units composing, v: 359;
• total casualties, v: 359;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 359.

30th Division,

• arrival and training in France, v: 146, 300;
• with British in Belgium, July—Aug., '18, v: 286, 300;
• summary of organization, v: 300, 359;
• breaks through St. Quentin Tunnel sector of Hindenburg Line, Sept.—Oct., '18, v: 301-303, 393; casualties, v: 359;
• units composing, v: 360;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 360.

31st Division,

• history, v: 368;
• units composing, v: 368.

32nd Division,

• drives Germans to Vesle in Allied counter-offensive on Marne salient, July—Aug., '18, v: 60-61, 62, 130, 188-190, 383;
  • praise by Pershing and Degoutte, v: 191-192;
• captures Cierges, July 31, '18, v: 60, 188;
• captures Fismes, Aug. 6, '18, v: 61, 189;
• captures Juvigny, Aug. 30, '18, v: 62, 258-259, 384;
• in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept.—Oct., '18, v: 74, 80, 83-85, 231, 237, 240-241, 245, 247-248, 250, 252, 389;
• captures Gesnes, Oct. 5, '18, v: 81, 240;
• captures Bantheville, Oct. 18, '18, v: 84-85, 252;
• arrival in France, v: 119, 360;
• casualties in Marne offensive, July—Aug., '18, v: 190;
• captures Romagne, Oct. 14, '18, v: 250;
• summary of history, v: 360;
• units composing, casualties, v: 360;
• in Army of Occupation, 360, 395.

33rd Division,

• in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept.—Oct., '18, v: 74, 78, 83, 219, 224-225, 228, 230, 234, 236, 244, 246, 388;
• arrival and training in France under British, v: 144, 260;
• attack on Hamel with Australians, July 4, '18, v: 144, 260;
• with British in attack near Amiens, Aug., '18, v: 260;
• summary of history, v: 360;
• units composing, v: 360;
• casualties, v: 360;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 360.

34th Division,

• summary of history, v: 368;
• units composing, v: 369.

35th Division,

• in First Army reserve in St. Mihiel drive, Sept., '18, v: 66, 203;
• in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 74, 220, 225, 227, 229, 231, 388;
• arrival and training in France, v: 128, 197;
• captures Charpentry and Baulny, Sept. 27, '18, v: 227;
• unsuccessful attack on Exermont, Sept. 29, '18, v: 231;
• summary of history, v: 361;
• units composing, v: 361;
• casualties, v: 361;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 361.

36th Division,

• arrival in France, v: 196;
• operations with French Fourth Army in Champagne, Oct., '18, v: 254, 257-258, 393;
• casualties in Champagne, v: 258;
• summary of history, v: 361;
• units composing, v: 361;
• total casualties, v: 361;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 361.

37th Division, in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 74, 78-79, 219, 224, 227, 229-231, 388;

• operations in Belgium, Oct.—Nov., '18, v: 83, 279-280, 393;
• arrival in France, v: 145;
• casualties in Belgian campaign, v: 280;
• summary of history, v: 361;
• units composing, v: 362;
• total casualties, v: 362;
• prisoners and guns captured, v: 362.

38th Division,

• organization and summary of history, v: 369;
• units composing, v: 369.

39th Division (5th Depot),

• organization and summary of history, v: 198, 369;
• units composing, v: 369.

40th Division (6th Depot),

• organization and summary of history, v: 197, 369;
• units composing, v: 370.

41st Division (1st Depot),

• organization and summary of history, v: 109, 370;
• units composing, v: 370.

42nd Division,

• arrival and training in France, v: 6-12, 21, 109, 118, 142;
• in the Vosges (Baccarat) sector, v: 21, 28, 118, 142;
• joins French Fourth Army in Champagne defensive, July, '18, v: 44-51, 129-130, 142-143, 155-158;
• in Allied counter-offensive on Marne salient, July 25—Aug. 2, '18, v: 56, 58-61, 130, 186-189, 383;
  • praise by Pershing and Degoutte, v: 191-192;
• takes ForÊt de FÈre and crosses Ourcq in pursuit of Germans, July 26—28, '18, v: rop acreage, '10—'18, xii: 38;
• crop yields, '10—'18, xii: 39;
• Hoover's report on European relief, xii: 42;
• war-time government control, xii: 46, xii: 59, xii: 140;
• Sugar Equalization Board, functions, xii: 46;
• war-time sugar distribution, xii: 46;
• potato crop, xii: 47;
• "fair price" lists, xii: 54;
• functions of Food Administration, xii: 59, xii: 140;
• statistics on quantity and prices, June, '18—June, '19, xii: 61-65;
• price comparisons, '13—'19, xii: 64;
• wheat exports to Allies, July 1, '17—July 1, '18, xii: 141;
• consumption statistics, xii: 142;
• production statistics, '18—'19, xii: 143;
• wheat production, '18—'19, xii: 143;
• meat production, '18—'19, xii: 144;
• corn crop, '18, xii: 144;
• reasons for high prices, xii: 144;
• see also under U. S., Cost of living.

Food Administration, see under U. S., Food.

Foreign relations,

• policy of isolation, i: 50;
• abandonment of policy of isolation, i: 52-58;
• early relations with China and Japan, i: 53;
• African interests, i: 54;
• Congo policy, i: 54;
• armed expeditions sent beyond borders, 1836—1861, i: 54;
• intervention in Cuba, i: 56;
• "open door" policy in China, i: 57;
• Root-Takahira agreement, '08, i: 57;
• Lansing-Ishii Note, '17, i: 58;
• policy in Venezuelan controversy with Germany, '02, i: 86;
• participation in European conferences, i: 86;
• participation in Algeciras Conference, '06, i: 86;
• German plans for subjugation of U. S., i: 87-88;
• arbitration treaties, i: 103;
• emergence from War as World Power, i: 371;
• after-War mission, i: 372.

Fuel Administration, see under U. S., Coal.

German-owned property, extent, xii: 33-34.

Industries during War,

• regulations for conservation of leather by War Industries Board, xii: 53;
• duties and powers of War Industries Board, xii: 72;
• priority system, xii: 73-75;
• distribution of war contracts, xii: 74;
• response to war needs, xii: 115;
• creation of Council of National Defense, xii: 115;
• duties of Council of National Defense, xii: 116;
• pre-War movement for industrial preparedness, xii: 117;
• pre-War activities of Advisory Commission, Council of National Defense, xii: 118;
• committees of Council of National Defense, xii: 122;
• organization and personnel of War Industries Board, xii: 125;
• share in final victory, xii: 126;
• see also under U. S., Council of National Defense, Labor.

Labor,

• women in war industries, xii: 25;
• war-time safeguards for workers, xii: 66;
• organizing for war production, xii: 67;
• Employment Service of Department of Labor, war-time activities, xii: 67;
• war-time strikes, xii: 68;
• importance in winning War, xii: 68-69;
• size of working population, xii: 71;
• immigration as source of labor supply, xii: 71;
• war-time dislocation, xii: 71;
• Mediation Commission for settling labor unrest, xii: 71;
• activities of Advisory Labor Council, xii: 71;
• Gen. Crowder's "Work or fight" order, xii: 72;
• women as railway workers during War, xii: 84;
• settlement of war-time disputes in shipyards,
• established, May, '18, xii: 279;
• area and population, xii: 279.

Yankee (26th) Division, see U. S., Army.

Yarmouth, bombarded by German raiders, Nov. 3, '14, iv: 244.

Yemen, Imamate of, established, '18, xii: 279.

York, Sgt. Alvin C.,

• account of exploits as fighter, x: 13-18;
• gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 400.

Young, Lt.-Com. E. Hilton, account of Zeebrugge Raid, iv: 269-279.

Young, Lieut. I. E. R., account of air battle against German raiders over London, x: 215.

Young Men's Christian Association:

• American, organization for war work and program of activities, vii: 261-266;
  • recognition by War Department as welfare agency, vii: 262;
  • personnel, number and character, vii: 266;
  • casualties in overseas service, vii: 267;
  • women's work with, overseas, vii: 267-271;
  • Work in A. E. F. leave areas, vii: 269;
  • at the front with combat troops, vii: 271-277;
  • award of Distinguished Service Crosses to workers, vii: 272;
  • with the "Lost Battalion," vii: 273;
  • huts used as targets by Germans, vii: 274;
  • awards of Croix de Guerre to workers, vii: 275, 313;
  • hotels for service men, vii: 277;
  • entertainment for service men, vii: 277-279;
  • educational work for A. E. F., vii: 280-283, 290;
  • religious activities among troops, vii: 283-285;
  • activities for A. E. F. in United Kingdom, vii: 286-290;
  • Eagle Hut in London, vii: 288, 300; in Italy, vii: 290;
  • with Army of Occupation, vii: 291-293;
  • with A. E. F. in Russia and Siberia, vii: 293-298;
  • Navy service, vii: 298-302;
  • Navy Hut at Brest, vii: 302;
  • work among prisoners of war, Allied and Teuton, vii: 302-310;
  • care of American war prisoners in Germany, vii: 309;
  • Foyers du Soldats for French soldiers, vii: 310-313;
  • Foyers du Marin for French sailors, vii: 313;
  • athletics for A. E. F., vii: 313-317;
  • work for Russian army and civilians, vii: 318-319.
• British,
  • in Egypt, vii: 321, 322;
  • at Gallipoli, vii: 321;
  • in Sudan, vii: 322;
  • in Palestine and Jerusalem, vii: 322-323;
  • in Mesopotamia, vii: 324.
• Indian, welfare work in India, vii: 327.
• International,
  • in Egypt, vii: 322;
  • in Mesopotamia, vii: 324-327.

Young Turks, force constitutional government in Turkey, '08, i: 109.

Ypres, battles of:

• Oct.—Nov., '14, ii: 144, iii: 41;
  • Field-Marshal French's account, ii: 170-171.
• Apr., '15, first use of gas in warfare by Germans, ii: 222, iii: 42, 288, 320, xi: 316.
• July—Oct., '17, iii: 78-79;
  • Haig's account of use of artillery in, ii: 128.
• Apr., '18, ii: 153;
  • description by Philip Gibbs, iii: 360-363.

Yser, battles of,

• Oct., '14, ii: 220, iii: 40;
• July, '17, iii: 77-78.

Yudenitch, Gen., Russian commander, campaign against and capture of Erzerum, iii: 262-263.

• Z
• Zabern incident, i: 72.
• Zeebrugge Raid,
  • British exploit in blocking German submarine base on Belgian coast, Apr., '18, iv: 261-279;
  • ships participating, iv: 262;
  • official Admiralty report, iv: 262-265;
  • Capt. Carpenter's account, iv: 266-268;
  • British casualties, iv: 268;
  • account of Lieut.-Com. Young of Vindictive, iv: 269-279.
• Zemstvos, Russian, congress of,
  • prohibited by Protopopov, vi: 143;
  • succeeded by local "soviets," vi: 164;
  • war-time activities, xii: 82.
• Zemtchug, Russian cruiser sunk by German raider Emden, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 179.
• Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand von, inventor of Zeppelin dirigible airships, biography, ix: 250-252.
• Zeppelins,
  • description of structural features, with discussion of utility during war and peace, ii: 262-269, viii: 241-254;
  • raids on England, ii: 266, iii: 41, viii: 246, see also Air raids;
  • exploit of Sub-Lieut. Warneford in bringing down first Zeppelin of War, ii: 269, x: 223-225;
  • development in construction, '14—'18, viii: 241;
  • compared with airplanes, viii: 241-245;
  • flight of L-59 to Egypt, viii: 243.
• Zigzagging, as defense against U-boat attack, iv: 310.
• Zimmermann, Dr. Alfred F. M., German Foreign Secretary,
  • attempt to force from Ambassador Gerard guarantees for German-owned property in U. S., i: 345;
  • text of note attempting to involve Mexico and Japan in war against U. S., i: 347.
• Zouaves, description, xi: 189.

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