[1] Vindication of the Rights of Women, published in 1792.

[2] See Le vote des Femmes, pp. 16-22, par Ferdinand Buisson, DÉputÉ de la Seine et PrÉsident de la Commission du Suffrage Universelle. Condorcet had a predecessor in Mademoiselle Jars de Gournay, the friend of Montaigne. See Miss E. Sichel's Michel de Montaigne, p. 137.

[3] Helen Blackburn's Record of Women's Suffrage, also Women in English Life, by Miss Georgina Hill. Mrs. Wheeler's daughter Rosina, married Mr. Lytton Bulwer, afterwards the first Lord Lytton. The present Earl of Lytton is thus the great-grandson of the lady who prompted the reply to James Mill's article referred to in the text.

[4] This view has also been supported in France, see Le vote des Femmes, by Ferdinand Buisson, for evidence of women having in ancient times voted and sat in the Parlements of France. Taine also mentions the Countess of Perigord sitting in the États of her province prior to the Revolution (Les Origines de la France Contemporaire, par H. Taine, vol. i. p. 104).

[5] Annals of a Yorkshire House, vol. ii. p. 319.

[6] Report of the Manchester National Society for Women's Suffrage, 1869.

[7] The Life of Mrs. Norton, by Miss Jane Gray Perkins (John Murray).

[8] The date of this speech is given in Miss Blackburn's Record of Woman's Suffrage as 1866, the only mistake I have found in her careful and faithful history.

[9] See the interesting picture in the staircase of the National Portrait Gallery, London.

[10] Morley's Life of Gladstone, vol. i. p. 571.

[11] James Mill: a Biography, by Alexander Bain, LL.D., p. 215.

[12] Representative Government, by J. S. Mill, pp. 175-180.

[13] Dissertations and Discussions, by J. S. Mill, vol. ii. p. 417.

[14] Autobiography, p. 241.

[15] The census of 1911 shows that the excess of women over men is in the proportion of 1068 women to 1000 men, and that this proportion has changed but little during the last hundred and ten years.

[16] Record of Women's Suffrage, by Helen Blackburn, pp. 53, 54, 55.

[17] Record of Women's Suffrage, p. 190, by Helen Blackburn.

[18] A few isolated associations of Liberal women had existed before this. There was one at Bristol started in 1881; but nothing was done on an extended scale till 1886.

[19] An important new departure in journalism was taken by The Standard in October 1911. This paper now devotes more than a page daily to a full statement both of events and arguments bearing on all sides of the suffrage and other women's questions.

[20] See Outlines of the Women's Franchise Movement in New Zealand, by W. Sydney Smith. Whitecombe & Tombs, Ltd., Christchurch, N.Z. 1905.

[21] See Report by Sir Charles Lucas, who visited New Zealand on behalf of the Colonial Office in 1907.

[22] See Colonial Statesmen and Votes for Women, published by The Freedom League, p. 6.

[23] See letter from Miss Alice Stone Blackwell in Manchester Guardian, July 12, 1911.

[24] See Anti-Suffrage Review, No. 33, p. 167.

[25] The exact numbers in England and Wales (autumn 1911) are fifteen on Town Councils (two being Mayors) and four on County Councils.

[26] As an example I quote the canvass of women municipal electors in Reading made respectively by the suffragists in 1909 and anti-suffragists in 1911. When the suffragists canvassed, the results were:—

When the anti-suffragists canvassed in 1910 the results were:—

With such disparity as this between the two returns no conclusion can possibly be drawn from either without further investigation of the methods pursued.

[27] See Statistical Abstract from the United Kingdom.

[28] Quoted in Lord Morley's Studies in Literature, pp. 133, 134. The reference there given for the extract is Order and Progress, by Frederic Harrison, pp. 149-154.

[29] Early History of Charles James Fox, by the Rt. Hon. Sir G. O. Trevelyan, p. 449.

[30] Anti-Suffrage Review, December 1910.

[31] See p. 89.

[32] See The Suffragette, by Miss E. Sylvia Pankhurst (Gay and Hancock, 1911).

[33] See Garibaldi and the Making of Italy, by G. M. Trevelyan, p. 3.

[34] Morley's Life of Gladstone, vol. iii. p. 371.

[35] I have in my possession positive proof that orders were given to the police not to arrest a particular lady whose name is well known and highly respected in every part of the country.

[36] I am requested by the Women's Freedom League to state that they have never resorted to stone-throwing or to personal assaults.

[37] A third protest was published in December 1911.

[38] Morley's Life of Oliver Cromwell, pp. 232-3.

[39] See Summing up of Mr. Justice Avory in Hawkins v. Muff case. A Warning to Liberal Stewards, published by the Men's Political Union, 1911.

[40] More Tramps Abroad, by Mark Twain, p. 208.

[41] See the Annual Report of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies presented in March 1910.

[42] Standard, Oct. 17, 1911.

[43] See resolution adopted by the executive committee of the Women's Liberal Federation, quoted in Standard, October 30, 1911:—

"That ... the executive resolves that until definite promises are made of a Government Reform Bill including women they will support by all means in their power the Bill promoted by the Conciliation Committee and will pursue with regard to amendments to that Bill such a policy as circumstances show to be most likely to secure for it a substantial third reading majority."

[44] See "Political Notes," Times, November 24, 1910.

[45] The Woman's Social and Political Union dissented from this view. They resumed militant tactics, and scenes of considerable disorder occurred on November 21 and November 29, 1911.

[46] These speeches can be obtained from the Women's Liberal Federation, 2 Victoria Street, London, S.W.

[47] The Corporation of Dublin authorised the Lord Mayor and other officers to attend in their robes and present the Dublin petition in person at the Bar of the House of Commons.