CONTENTS

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Prefatory Note 1
Course of Study—Details 3
Chapter I
The Aims of Nature Study; General Methods 13
Concrete Material 15
Topics and material must suit the season; matter suited to the child; use of the commonplace; order of development of lesson; problems in observation; note-books and records 15
The School Garden 19
Suggestions; Garden Expenses 20
The Excursion 23
Its value; difficulties; frequency; suggestions for ungraded schools; the teacher's excursions; a type excursion 23
Collections 29
Animal Studies 29
Domestic animals; references 29
Birds; references 30
Insects; insect collections 34
Butterfly and moth collections 37
Plant Collections 39
Chapter II
Physical Science Phase of Nature Study 42
Instructions and General Method 42
Value of such lessons; conditions under which experiments should be performed 42
Correlations of physical science phase 44
List of Reference Books and Bulletins on garden and plant study, physical science, and animal study 45
Physical Science—Equipment for Forms III and IV 47
Desirable apparatus 47
Chemicals 48
Apparatus 50
Grenet cells; decomposition apparatus; pneumatic trough; spirit-lamp; barometer; hygrometer; hints 50
Time Apportioned to Nature Study 53
Chapter III. Form I: Autumn
Garden Work 54
Lessons on a Garden Plant—Pansy 55
Observation Exercises on the Dandelion 57
Correlation with literature and reading 59
Dwarf Nasturtium 59
Seeds 60
Field exercise; class-room lesson based on the collection 60
Seed Dispersal 61
Lesson on seeds that fly; correlations 62
Twigs and Buds 62
Lesson on Twigs 62
Further study of twigs; review lesson 63
Lesson on Buds 65
Review lesson; correlations 65179
Selection of cuttings; potting of rooted cuttings 179
Evergreens—class-room lesson 181
Collection of Wood Specimens 182
Related Reading 183
How Animals Prepare for Winter 183
Summary of Lessons; correlations 184
Chickens 185
Conversation lesson; arithmetic lesson; care and food of chickens 185
Physical Science Phase of Nature Study 188
Solids, Liquids, and Gases 188
Change of State 189
Expansion of Solids 189
Practical applications; questions for further investigation 190
Expansion of Liquids—applications 192
The Thermometer 193
Expansion of Air 194
Sources of Heat and Light 194
Notes for a Series of Lessons 194
Conduction—problems 196
Convection—problems, convection in gases; applications 198
Radiation of Heat—problems 199
Chapter XI. Form III: Spring
Window Boxes 201
Window Gardens 201
Suitable Plants; Fertilizer 202
Soil Studies—constituents 203
Garden Work 206
Tree Seeds 207
Transplanting—flowers, vegetables, tree seedlings 208
Budding 209
Cuttings—leaf cuttings, root cuttings, layering 211
Planting and Care of Herbaceous Perennials 212
Garden Studies—biennials 212
Wild Flowers 213
Study of the Trillium 213
Class-room lesson on the specimens 213
Adaptations of Animals 215
Bird Types 217
Woodpeckers—the downy woodpecker; observations 217
Flycatchers 219
Wrens 219
Insect Types 220
Cabbage-butterfly 220
Tussock-moth 221
Potato beetle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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