Handbook for Light Artillery

CHAPTER XIV.

Battery Books and Records. Rolls, Reports, and Returns. The Ration. Salt and Vinegar for Public Animals. The Travel-ration. Present Organization of U. S. Light Field-battery. Cost of a Battery of Four 3.2-inch Guns, in Detail. Price-list of Artillery-harness. Price-list of Harness for 1.65-inch Mountain-gun. Price-list of Artillery Accoutrements, etc. Price-list of Horse Equipments. Price-list of Stencil and Marking Outfits. Supply Table of Ordnance Stores for a Battery of Light Artillery for Six Months. Allowance of Ammunition for Target Practice. Standard Supply Table of Veterinary Medicines. Tableware and Kitchen Utensils. Allowance of Clothing, Equipage, Fuel, Lights, etc. Weights of Certain Articles of Clothing and Equipage. Pay Table of Enlisted Men. Summary Court, and List of Punishments. U. S. Signal and Telegraph Code. Penetration of Projectiles. Cover for Field-artillery. Treatment of Sick Men. Tables of Weights, Measures, etc. Tables for Converting Customary and Metric Weights and Measures. Salutes. Camp Furniture and Mess Outfits for Officers.

BATTERY BOOKS AND RECORDS.

Sick report book; company clothing book; morning report book; guard report book; descriptive and deposit book—all obtained from adjutant-general. Order book; letters received book; index to letters received; letters sent book; index to letters sent; descriptive book of public animals—all obtained from quartermaster-general. Artillery practice report book—from chief of ordnance. Battery council book; roster book.

ROLLS, REPORTS, AND RETURNS.

Designation.	To Whom Sent.	When Made.	When Sent.	By Whom.
Muster roll[12] of battery.	Adjt. Gen.	Every month	Within 3 days	Mustering officer
Inventory of effects of deceased soldiers.	""	Immediately	Immediately	Battery com'dr
Final statements of deceased soldiers.	""	"	"	"
Certificates of disability (in duplicate).	""	"	"	Post com'dr
Return of Ord. and Ord. stores.	Chief of Ordnance	End of month	Within 20 days	Battery com'dr
Return of battery	Regtl. adjutant	"	Within 3 days	"
Transcript of orders making temporary appointments of or reducing N. C. officers at posts not regtl. headqrs.	"	Immediately	Immediately	"
Abstract of battery fund.	"	End of quarter	Next day	"
Morning report	Post adjt.	Every morning	Before 8 A.M.	"
Monthly return of battery (to be returned for file).	""	End of every month	First of subsequent month
Return of battery fund (with council book).	""	End of every quarter	"""	"
Req. for fuel, forage, and straw.	""	End of every month	End of every month	"
Req. for salt and vinegar.	""	"""	"""	"
Ration return	""	On days designated by C.O.		"
Estimate of C. and E., 6 months' supply.	""	Jan. 1, Apl. 1, July 1, Oct. 1.
Req. for stationery.	""	End of every quarter	First of subsequent month	"

THE RATION.

	Article.	1 Ration.	50 Rations.	100 Rations.	1000 Rations.		Bulk of 1000 Rations.
	Article.	1 Ration.	50 Rations.	100 Rations.	Net.	Gross.	Bulk of 1000 Rations.
		oz.	Lbs.	Lbs.	Lbs.	Lbs.	Barrels.
big left bracket	Fresh beef, or other fresh meat	20	62½	125	1250
	Or salt beef	22	68¾	137½	1375		6.875
	Or salt pork	12	37½	75	750	1219	3.75
	Or bacon	12	37½	75	750	903	4.9
	Or dried fish[13]	14	43¾	87½	875
	Pickled or fresh fish[13]	18	56¼	112½	1125
	Potatoes	16	50	100	1000		4.66
big left bracket	Or potatoes	12.8	40	80	800
big left bracket	And onions	3.2	10	20	200
big left bracket	Or potatoes	11.2	35	70	700
	And tomatoes	4.8	15	30	300
	Or other fresh vegetable
big left bracket	Sugar	2.4	7½	15	150		.62
	Or molasses
	Or syrup	.64 gill	1 gal.	2 gals.	20 gals.
	Salt	.64	2	4	40		.16
	Pepper	.04	?	¼	2½
big left bracket	Flour	18	56¼	112½	1125	1234	5.74
	Or soft bread	18	56¼	112½	1125
	Or hard bread	16	50	100	1000	1229	12
	Or corn-meal	20	62½	125	1250
big left bracket	Beans or peas	2.4	7½	15	150	177	.7
big left bracket	Or rice or hominy	1.6	5	10	100	115	.46
big left bracket	Coffee, green	1.6	5	10	100	122	.58
	Or coffee roasted	1.28	4	8	80	108	.83
	Or tea	.32	1	2	20	25	.16
	Soap	.648	2	4	40	47	.19
	Candles (if no oil)	.24	¾	1½	15	16.5	.89
	Yeast-powder (in the field)	.64	2	4	40
	Vinegar	.04 qt.	½ gal.	1 gal.	10 gals.	107½	.09

SALT AND VINEGAR FOR PUBLIC ANIMALS.

No. of Animals.	Salt.				Vinegar.
No. of Animals.	Quantity per Week.		Quantity per Month, When Necessary.		Quantity per Week.
	Lbs.	Oz.	Lbs.	Oz.	Gals.	Qts.	Pts.	Gills.
1		2		12				.64
5		10	3	12				3.2
10	1	4	7	8			1	2.4
50	6	4	37	8	1	--	--	--
100	12	8	75	--	2	--	--	--

THE "TRAVEL-RATION."

Articles.	Per 100 Rations.
Soft bread	pounds 112½
or hard bread	pounds 100
Beef, canned	pounds 75
Baked beans, 1-pound cans	number 33
or baked beans, 3-pound cans	number 15
Coffee, roasted	pounds 8
Sugar	pounds 8
Canned tomatoes (after 4 consecutive
days of above)	pounds 100

Present Organization of Light Field-battery.—1 captain, 2 first lieutenants, 2 second lieutenants, 1 first sergeant, 6 sergeants, 4 corporals, 2 musicians, 2 artificers, 1 wagoner, 59 privates. Total commissioned 5. Total enlisted 75.

Special-duty Men Allowed in a Light Battery.—1 N. C. O. to take immediate charge of police, etc., of stable and picket-line, 1 clerk, 1 tailor, 1 cook, 1 assistant cook, when necessary (the head cook is allowed 25 cents per day from company fund); 1 N. C. O. (detailed from roster) to supervise rooms and gun-racks.

COST OF EQUIPMENT (EXCLUSIVE OF AMMUNITION) FOR A FOUR-GUN 3.2-INCH FIELD-BATTERY, WITH COMBINED BATTERY-WAGON AND FORGE.

(Total Cost as herein indicated $17595.71.)

Articles.	Price.		Amount.
Articles.	Dolls.	Cts.	Dolls.	Cts.
4 3.2-inch B. L. steel guns	1022	00	4088	00
4 3.2-inch carriages and limbers (cost of brake included)	1316	74	5266	96
4 3.2-inch caissons and limbers	721	50	2886	00
1 combined forge and battery wagon	816	00	816	00
9 sets artillery-harness for 2 wheel-horses	170	59	1535	31
9 sets artillery-harness for 2 lead-horses	138	81	1249	29
ON EACH CARRIAGE.
1 pair bow-spring recoil-brakes	62	50
1 sponge and rammer, jointed, for bore	6	00	6	00
2 short rammers and sponges, combined, for chamber	9	00	18	00
1 sponge-cover, bore-sponge		40		40
2 sponge-covers, chamber-sponge		45		90
1 prolonge (section of picket-rope)	8	60	8	60
1 combination screw-driver in trail-box	1	28	1	28
1 gunners' gimlet in trail-box		24		24
1 gunners' reamer in trail-box		50		50
1 priming-wire in trail-box		10		10
1 vent-punch in trail-box		50		50
1 front sight in trail-box	8	00	8	00
WITH EACH CARRIAGE-LIMBER.
1 breech-sight, bronze	36	00	36	00
1 breech-sight pouch	1	81	1	81
2 gunners' haversacks	2	20	4	40
2 primer-pouches	1	33	2	66
2 lanyards, new pattern		68	1	36
1 fuze-punch		50		50
1 front-sight cover		67		67
1 combined tompion and muzzle-cover		93		93
1 breech-cover	3	77	3	77
1 breech-strap		96		96
1 sperm-oiler, rectangular, brass		50		50
1 wheel-grease can	2	09	2	09
1 wheel-grease can knife		75		75
2 watering-buckets, canvas, folding	1	45	2	90
1 tool-box	1	36	1	36
1 screw-wrench, 12-inch		49		49
1 iron nut-wrench, 12 inches long	1	50	1	50
1 ¾-inch cold chisel, 8 inches long		25		25
1 8-inch hand bastard file		08		08
1 hand-hammer, 12¼-inch handle		70		70
1 small steel punch		18		18
1 neck-yoke	8	00	8	00
1 doubletree	7	55	7	55
2 singletrees	2	32	4	64
2 paulins, 12 × 12 feet, dyed duck	9	77	19	54
1 cushion, canvas and hair	7	48	7	48
1 padlock for ammunition-chest		60		60
ON EACH CAISSON-BODY.
1 manoeuvring-handspike	1	10	1	10
2 shovels, long-handled		50	1	00
2 spades, short-handled		80	1	60
2 pickaxes, handled		75	1	50
2 axes, handled		75	1	50
2 lanterns, with Cranston attachment		59	1	18
1 prolonge (section of picket-rope)	8	60	8	60
1 spare pole	26	16	6	16
1 spare wheel[14]	2	00	22	00
2 paulins, 12 × 12 feet, dyed duck	9	77	19	54
2 padlocks for ammunition-chest		60	1	20
2 cushions, canvas and hair	7	48	14	96
WITH EACH CAISSON-LIMBER.
1 wheel-grease can	2	09	2	09
1 wheel-grease can knife		75		75
2 paulins, 12 × 12 feet, dyed duck	9	77	19	54
1 neck-yoke	8	00	8	00
1 doubletree	7	55	7	55
2 singletrees	2	32	4	64
2 watering-buckets, canvas, folding	1	45	2	90
1 cushion, canvas and hair.	7	48	7	48
1 padlock for ammunition-chest		60		60
ON LIMBER OF FORGE AND BATTERY-WAGON.
1 neck-yoke	8	00	8	00
1 doubletree	7	55	7	55
2 singletrees	2	32	4	64
2 paulins, 12 × 12 feet	9	77	9	77
2 watering-buckets, canvas, folding	1	45	1	45
1 wheel-grease can	2	09	2	09
1 wheel-grease can knife		75		75
1 canvas coal-bag (3 bushels)		40	2	40
200 pounds horseshoes		03⁹/₁₀	78	00
50 pounds horseshoe-nails		16	8	00
Blacksmith's tools (forge-chest):
1 forge, portable, Empire (modified for army use)	19	75	19	75
2 aprons, leather, smith's	1	29	2	58
1 hammer, hand, handled		70		70
1 hammer, riveting		30		30
1 hammer, shoeing		25		25
1 pair tongs for holding ¼-inch iron		75		75
1 pair tongs for holding ½-inch iron		75		75
1 pair tongs, smith's, 11-inch		84		84
1 chisel, handled, for cutting hot iron		50		50
1 chisel, handled, for cutting cold iron		50		50
1 fore-punch and creaser (on one handle)		22		22
1 chisel, hand, cold		25		25
1 pritchel		08½		08½
ON LIMBER OF FORGE AND BATTERY-WAGON.
1 shoeing-rasp, 16-inch		42		42
1 flat bastard file, 12-inch		16		16
1 round punch, hand		07		07
1 hardie		09		09
1 screw-wrench, 12-inch		49		49
2 shoeing-knives		25		25
1 toe-knife		07		07
1 shoeing-pincers		42		42
1 clinching-iron		30		30
1 nail-punch		06		06
1 rule (2-foot), wood, 4-fold, No. 72, Stanley		15		15
1 square, steel		40		40
1 oiler, brass		07		07
1 shoeing-box, sole-leather	1	50	1	50
1 file-handle, iron, 6-inch		30		30
1 wrench, small, for forge		50		50
1 fire-rake		14		14
1 fire-shovel		28		28
2 small canvas bags for nails and small stores		62		62
1 padlock (and key)		60		60
ON BODY OF FORGE AND BATTERY-WAGON.
2 water-buckets, galvanized sheet-iron	1	10	2	20
1 prolonge (section of picket-rope)	8	60	8	60
2 lanterns, with Cranston attachment		59	1	18
1 oil-can, sperm (2¼ pints)		50		50
1 oil-can, coal (3 gallons)	3	20	3	20
1 grindstone, arbor, crank, and frame (iron), complete	16	25	16	25
1 lunette-prop		70		70
2 jackscrews	9	50	19	00
1 hammer, sledge, medium		90		90
1 anvil (100 pounds)	5	25	5	25
1 vise, forge		84		84
2 padlocks (and keys)		60	1	20
Saddler's tools (chest):
1 saddler's tool-chest (handled)	15	15	15	15
1 knife, round		90		90
1 knife, shoe		17		17
1 draw-gauge	1	10	1	10
6 awls, stitching, handled (assorted)		05½		33
1 rivet-set (two holes)		25		25
1 revolving punch, four tubes, Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 7		55		55
1 claw-tool		12		12
1 compasses, 6-inch		12		12
1 creaser, wood		17		17
1 cutting-nippers, 10-inch	1	50	1	50
1 hammer, riveting		30		30
1 edge-tool, No. 2		12½		12½
1 rule (2-foot), No. 18, 2-fold		15		15
1 oil-stone	2	70	2	70
1 pliers (large), 6-inch		25		25
1 driving-punch, No. 5		09		09
1 stitching-horse, complete	3	67	3	67
2 small canvas bags for small stores		62	1	24
Carpenter's and wheelwright's tools (chest):
1 carpenter's and wheelwright's tool-chest, handled	15	15	15	15
1 brace with 12 bits, assorted	1	55	1	55
1 drawing-knife, 12-inch		50		50
1 hand-saw, 20-inch		30		30
1 rip-saw, 26-inch		85		85
1 hand-axe, No. 7		84		84
1 hammer, claw		50		50
4 chisels, framing—¾-inch, 1-inch, 1½-inch, 2-inch			1	34
3 gouges, framing—½-inch, 1-inch, 1½-inch			1	35
1 screw-wrench, 12-inch		49		49
1 plane, jack		42		42
1 plane, smoothing		40		40
1 spoke-shave		18		18
1 rule (2-foot), No. 72, 4-fold, Stanley		15		15
10 brad-awls, assorted, with (and contained in) handle				42
1 square, trying, 9-inch		22		22
1 awl, scribing		08		08
12 files, saw, assorted—4-inch and 6-inch				66
1 rasp, wood, 10-inch		32		32
1 file, wood, 10-inch		12½		12½
1 oiler, brass		12		12
1 oil-stone, 8-inch	2	70	2	70
1 gauge		06		06
1 compasses, 10-inch wing		25		25
1 table-vise	1	40	1	40
1 pincers, small		12½		12½
1 mallet, wood		40		40
6 auger-bits—¼-inch, ½-inch, ¾-inch, 1-inch, 1¼-inch, 1½-inch			1	43
2 screw-driver bits—½-inch and ¾-inch				15
1 patent auger-handle		18		18
3 file-handles, iron—4-inch flat, 4-inch round, 5-inch				65
1 linen tape-line ("Chesterman" Sheffield), 100 feet	2	35	2	35
2 small canvas bags for small stores		62	1	24

SUPPLIES, CLEANING MATERIAL, SPARE PARTS, ETC., CARRIED IN BATTERY-WAGON BODY.

SUPPLIES.

2 sides leather, bridle (24 pounds)
1 side leather, harness (20 pounds)
2 pounds beeswax
3 pounds black wax
36 buckles
2 papers tacks, copper
3 papers tacks, iron
2 pounds rivets and burrs, copper
2 pounds thread, patent
5 pounds thread, shoe
5 needles, collar
50 needles, saddler's, assorted
4 thimbles.
10 pounds nails
1 gross wood screws
6 pieces sash-cord, braided (13½ pounds)
85 pounds bar iron, assorted,
40 pounds toe-steel
250 pounds coal, bituminous
3 gallons coal-oil
50 pounds wheel-grease

MATERIAL FOR CLEANING AND PRESERVATION.

4 gallons neat's-foot oil (2 cans)
2¼ pints sperm-oil
20 pounds harness-soap
10 pounds sponge
4 quires sand-paper
6 quires emery-cloth
2 pounds rotten stone
25 papers tripoli

SPARE PARTS—GUN.

4 carrier latch-pins
8 carrier latch-pin springs
2 gas-check pads
1 steel split ring
4 vent-bushings, copper

SPARE PARTS—CARRIAGE.

1 bow-spring brake
2 singletrees
1 doubletree
1 neck-yoke
4 pole-pads
12 linch-pins
8 linch-washers
4 ammunition-chest bolts and nuts
2 turnbuckles for ammunition-chests
2 breech-strap eye-washers
2 nuts for assembling-bolts for lazy-tongs
2 springs for pole-prop at end of pole
4 lid-props
4 lid-prop plate pivots
1 pintle-key and chain

SPARE PARTS—HARNESS.

6 breast-straps
6 bridles and bits, artillery, N. P
4 collars steel
9 girths, hair, artillery, N. P
6 halters, artillery, N. P
50 halter-straps
4 martingales
2 neck-yoke pads
10 surcingles
2 traces, lead, artillery, N. P
2 traces, wheel, artillery, N. P

STEEL COLLAR.

2 trace-plates
4 draft-springs
4 pad-hooks
2 pad bolts and nuts
2 nuts for pad-bolts
2 buckle-latches
6 buckle-springs
6 bolts and nuts for top connection
4 nuts for top-connection bolts
6 bolt s and nuts for bottom of collar
4 nuts for bottom bolts
6 bolts and nuts for extension
4 nuts for extension-bolts
6 bolts and nuts for trace-plate
4 nuts for trace-plate bolts
12 back-straps
8 back-strap connections
6 collar-pads, canvas

TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS.

3 gunners' gimlets
3 vent-punches
3 priming-wires
2 fuze-wrenches
4 fuze-punches
24 fuze-punch pins
1 obturator spindle and wrench
4 whips, artillery
2 pickaxe-handles
2 axe-helves
4 short rammers and sponges, combined
1 sponge and rammer, jointed
2 sponge-heads and sponges for short rammers and sponges, combined
1 rammer-head for short rammers and sponges, combined
2 sponge-heads and sponges for jointed sponge and rammer
1 rammer-head for jointed sponge and rammer

PRICE-LIST OF ARTILLERY-HARNESS.

New Pattern.

Components.	Wheel.				Lead.
Components.	Near Horse.		Off Horse.		Near Horse.		Off Horse.
BREAST-STRAP.	$	c.	$	c.	$	c.	$	c.
Strap		85		85
Double hooks, 2 @ $3.50 each	7	00	7	00
Breast-strap complete	7	85	7	85
BREECHING.
Body	3	98	3	98
Side-straps, 2 @ 56c. each	1	12	1	12
Breeching complete	5	10	5	10
BRIDLE.
Curb-bit, Shoemaker	2	25	2	25	2	25	2	25
Curb-strap		34		34		34		34
Cheek-pieces, 2 @ 28c. each		56		56		56		56
Crownpiece		25		25		25		25
Reins	1	04	1	04	1	04	1	04
Throat-lash		15		15		15		15
Brow-band		28		28		28		28
Brow-band ornaments, 2 @ 8c. each		16		16		16		16
Coupling-strap				70				70
Bridle complete	5	03	5	73	5	08	5	78
HALTER.
Head-stall	1	90	1	90	1	90	1	90
Strap		50		50		50		50
Halter complete	2	40	2	40	2	40	2	40
Leg-guard	3	22
Loin-strap		55		55		55		55
Trace-loops, 2 @ 32c. each		64		64		64		64
Martingale	2	14	2	14
SADDLE.
Saddle-trees, leather-covered, spring bar attached	9	27	9	27	9	27	9	27
Back-straps, 2 @ 83c. each	1	66	1	66	1	66	1	66
Cincha-straps, 2 @ 50c. each	1	00	1	00	1	00	1	00
Stirrups, brass, 2 @ $1.20 each	2	40	2	40	2	40	2	40
Stirrup straps and sweat-leather attached, 2 @ $1.48 each	2	96	2	96	2	96	2	96
Rawhide thongs, 3 @ 5c. each		15		15		15		15
Lead rein roller and strap				35				35
Cantle-hook	2	70	2	70
Saddle complete	20	14	20	49	17	44	17	79
Saddle-cloth, hair	4	50	4	50	4	50	4	50
Saddle-cloth, duck	2	12	2	12	2	12	2	12
Saddle-bags	5	17	5	17	5	17	5	17
Hair girth	1	20	1	20	1	20	1	20
Traces, wheel, 2 @ $7.00 each	14	00	14	00
Traces, lead, 2 @ $8.95 each					17	90	17	90
Whip	1	14			1	14
Collar, steel locking	9	00	9	00	9	00	9	00
Crupper and hip-straps	2	23	2	23	1	72	1	72
Trace-loops, 2 @ 32c. each						64		64
Crupper and hip-straps complete	2	23	2	23	2	36	2	36
Total	87	00	83	59	69	45	69	36

Cost of one set of harness for 2 wheel-horses	$170.59
Cost of one set of harness for 2 lead-horses	138.81

COST OF PACKING OUTFIT FOR HOTCHKISS MOUNTAIN-GUN (CAL. 1.65-INCH).

Pack-saddle for gun	$44.16
Crupper	4.10
Belly-cincha	4.85
Saddle-cincha	3.89
Cargo-cincha	9.24
Wheel-straps	.17
Hub-straps	.40
Gun-pad	1.30
Lashing-rope	.25
		$68.36
Pack-saddle for carriage	41.44
Crupper	4.10
Belly-cincha	3.63
Saddle-cincha	3.89
Cargo-cincha	6.45
Trail-strap	.14
Lashing-rope	.25
		59.90
Pack-saddle for ammunition	48.94
Crupper	4.10
Belly-cincha	3.63
Saddle-cincha	3.89
Cargo-cincha	3.92
Lashing-rope	.25
		64.73
HARNESS, ETC.
Bridles, 2 at $1.92 each	3.84
Breast-collars, 2 at $2.72 each	5.44
Martingales, 2 at 77 cents each	1.54
Breechings, 2 at $3.61 each	7.22
Traces, 2 pairs at $1.30 per pair	2.60
Pole-straps, 2 at 26 cents each	.52
		21.16
Harness-sack	1.26
Neck-yoke	.75
Neck-yoke brace	.40
Neck-yoke brace-billet and chapes	.12
		1.27
Pole		$41.21
Splinter-bar	$7.51
Trail-hooks for attachment of splinter-bar	1.60
		9.11
Ammunition-boxes, 4 at $3.18 each		12.72
Cartridge-pack	2.54
Total		282.26

CLASS VI. OFFICERS' SABRES.

Sabre complete with scabbard	$16.00
Scabbard	5.00
Chamois case	.75

CLASS VI. SABRE AND KNIFE FOR ENLISTED MEN.

Sabre complete	$5.00
Hunting-knife	1.10

CLASS VII. ARTILLERY ACCOUTREMENTS. ETC.

Components.			Price.
Components.			Dolls.	Cts.
Light-artillery sabre-belt, with slings, etc.	$0.99	big right bracket
Light-artillery sabre-belt plate	.18	big right bracket
Light-artillery sabre-belt complete			1	17
——————
Light-artillery knapsack			4	00
Pistol-cartridge pouch				60
Pistol-holster				79
Sabre-knot				55
Canteen				53
Canteen-strap with snap, short, for saddle				20
Canteen-strap for dismounted service				29
Haversack				88
Haversack-strap				56
Meat-can				28
Tin cup				15
Knife				07
Fork				05
Spoon				02½
——————
Snap-hook for canteen-strap				02
Snap-hook for sabre-sling				32

OFFICER'S BLACK LEATHER SWORD-BELT FOR FIELD SERVICE.

Components.	Price.
Components.	Dolls.	Cts.
Waist-belt		45
Sliding loops, leather, 2 at 2½ cents each		05
Belt-plate		35
Belt-plate hasp		08
Belt-slides, leather, with ovals, 2 at 9½ cents each		19
Long sling		15
Short sling		07
Belt-buckle		07
Sling-buttons, 2 at 9½ cents each		19
Short-sling button with hook		12
Snap-hooks for sword-slings, 2 at 55 cents each	1	10
Sword-belt complete	2	82

Note.—All the metallic parts of the officer's sword-belt are of brass, gold-plated.

CLASS VII. HORSE EQUIPMENTS.

(See also Artillery-harness.)

Saddle. (See Artillery-harness.)

Sabre-straps, 2 at 10½ cents each	$0	21
Stirrups, wood (without hoods), 2 at 21 cents each		42
Stirrup-hoods, 2 at 57½ cents each	1	15
Stirrup-straps, 2 at 50 cents each	1	00

Curb-bridle. (See Artillery-harness.)

Watering-bridle.

Watering-bit complete	$0	73
Reins		50
Watering-bridle complete	$1	23

Curry-comb	$0	23
Double spring snap for lariats		14
Harness-sack for artillery-harness	3	15
Horse-brush		90
Horse-cover, cotton duck, with surcingle of the same material attached	3	29
Lariat		86
Link, with snap		29
Mane-comb		08
Nose-bag		95
Picket-pin		34
Saddle-blanket, artillery	3	25
Saddle-cloth for officers of artillery	5	05
Brow-band, scarlet, officer's		49
Breast-straps, scarlet, officer's	2	55
Side-lines (or hopples)	1	20
Stirrup, with hood and socket for guidon attached	1	34
Sweat-leathers, each		55
Surcingle		91
Spurs, per pair		70
Spur-straps, per pair		20

Marking Outfit.

1 stamp	$1	06
1 stamp-holder		55
2 thumb-screws, at 4 cents each		08
1 company letter		05¼
19 figures and 1 blank, at 3 cents each		60
1 brass mallet		49
1 ink-pad		05¼
1 glass bottle, ground-glass stopper		10½
4 ounces indelible ink		09
1 inking-stick		02
1 packing box		43
Price of marking outfit complete	$3	53

In Class III. Artillery Implements and Equipments.

Lanterns, common	$1	00
Lanterns, dark	1	25
Lanterns, globe	1	25

SUPPLY TABLE OF ORDNANCE STORES FOR SIX MONTHS OF A FOUR-GUN BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY—3.2-INCH RIFLES.

Expendible stores are marked with a star (thus *), and must not be dropped until actually used.

I. Battery Equipment.

4 short rammers and sponges combined
1 sponge and rammer, jointed
2 sponge-hds.—chamber-sponge*
1 sponge-head—bore-sponge.*
2 rammer-heads—chamber.*
1 rammer-head—bore.*
8 sponges, woollen, chamber.*
4 sponges, woollen, bore.*
2 sponge-covers—bore-sponge
3 sponge-covers—chamber-sponge
6 watering-buckets, canvas, folding
4 lanyards for friction-primers
2 vent-punches
2 gunner's reamers
4 priming-wires
1 fuze-wrench
2 paulins (12 feet by 12 feet)
1 spare pole.*
1 neck-yoke.*
1 doubletree *
2 singletrees.*
5 keys and chains.*
6 washers, linch.*
2 pole-pads.*
2 pickaxe-handles.*
3 axe-helves.*
2 gas-check pads
12 fuze-punch pins
2 axes, hand
2 shovels, long-handled
6 files, hand, saw, assorted
6 files, wood.
1 hammer, hand
1 knife, shoe and saddler's
2 rasps, wood, 10-inch
1 nipper
1 pair bow-spring recoil-brakes

II. Harness, etc.

6 bridles, artillery
6 bridles, watering, cavalry pattern
6 breast-straps
9 girths, hair
15 halters, N. P
50 halter-straps.*
15 nose-bags
20 saddle-blankets, red
10 saddle-cloths, red
10 surcingles
2 traces, lead.*
2 traces, wheel.*

III. Equipments, etc.

12 canteens and straps
10 haversacks and straps
6 spurs and straps
6 sabre-belts and plates
30 currycombs
50 horse-brushes
8 whips, artillery

EXPENDIBLE SUPPLIES FOR SIX MONTHS.

I. Materials for Cleaning and Preservation.

4 quires sand-paper
5 quires crocus-cloth
6 quires emery-cloth
12 pounds putz pomade
2 pounds rotten-stone
50 papers tripoli
20 pounds harness-soap
10 pounds Castile soap
5 pounds borax
6 pounds cosmoline
6 pounds harness-oil
25 pounds cotton waste
10 pounds sponge
4 gallons neat's-foot oil
2 gallons sperm-oil
3 gallons asphalt varnish
2 quarts blacking for leather

II. Paints, etc.

25 pounds paint, lead-colored
25 pounds paint, black
75 pounds paint, olive
1½ pounds paint, first coat for 3.2-inch rifle
1½ pounds paint, second coat for 3.2-inch rifle
2 pounds lampblack
2 pounds extract of logwood
50 pounds wheel-grease
4 gallons linseed-oil, boiled
3 gallons spirits of turpentine
3 pieces sash-cord
6 brushes, paint
4 sash-tools

III. Saddler's Materials.

150 pounds harness-leather
3 sides bridle-leather
2 sides rawhide
1 pound beeswax
2 pounds black wax
3 pounds thread, shoe
2½ pounds thread, linen, patent No. 35
2 ounces bristles
3 pounds rivets and burrs, copper
3000 tacks, iron
2000 tacks, copper (1000 of 12-ounce, 1000 of 20-ounce)
144 wood-screws, 1-inch, No. 8
60 buckles (20, ½-inch; 20, ¾-inch; 20, 1-inch)
40 buckles, 1½-inch, girth
15 buckles, iron, roller, l¼-inch
60 saddle-nails, japanned
20 awls, saddlers', assorted
6 awl-handles
50 needles, saddlers', assorted
4 needles, collar

ANNUAL ALLOWANCE OF AMMUNITION.

For each battery of artillery equipped as a battery of horse-artillery or a light battery, and serving as such:

Gun.	Maximum Charge.	No. of projectiles for each gun of the command.
3.2-inch rifle	3½ lbs. L. X. Q. powder	25 standard projectiles
Hotchkiss revolving cannon		100 standard projectiles.
3.6-inch mortar	For each battery: (a) Fifteen shells without fuzes (shell ballasted); (b) five full charges, 16 ounces. Ten 8 ounce charges, comprising each one 5-ounce and one 3-ounce charge bound together; these can be used as 3-ounce, 5-ounce, 8-ounce, or 11-ounce charges.

Each battery equipped as a battery of horse-artillery or a light battery will be allowed for instruction, other than target practice, as many blank cartridges and friction-primers as may be deemed necessary by the battery commander and approved by the post commander.

For batteries armed with the Hotchkiss breech-loading mountain-gun there will be allowed for the annual target practice twenty-five standard projectiles for each gun of the command, or their equivalent in money value if reloaded.

For each machine-gun of small-arm calibre there will be allowed for the annual target practice two thousand ball cartridges, or their equivalent in money value if reloaded.

Blank cartridges for salutes and for firing the morning and evening gun:

3.2-inch rifle, 2½ lbs. I. K. powder.

3-inch rifle, 1 lb. of either mortar, cannon, or I. K. powder.

6-pdr. bronze gun, 1 lb. of either mortar, cannon, or I. K. powder.

Light 12-pdr. bronze gun, 1¾ lbs. of either mortar, cannon, or I. K. powder.

VETERINARY MEDICINES.

Veterinary medicines, instruments, and supplies for the treatment of all public animals, and the authorized private horses of mounted officers, are furnished by the Quartermaster's Department.

Requisitions and estimates for veterinary supplies will be made in conformity with the standard supply table. Only the articles and the quantities thereof that are actually needed will be placed on the requisition. The quantity prescribed in the table is not to be considered an allowance, but as a limit not to be exceeded without special authority.

The standard supplies of veterinary medicines and dressings are under charge of the quartermaster, to be issued by him to the different commands at the post upon approved requisitions in such quantities and of such articles as may be deemed requisite, in conformity with the standard supply table. Battery commanders must deduct from the allowance, in making requisition, the quantity of each article on hand and available for issue.

Veterinary instruments and books remain in the custody of the post quartermaster, and are loaned as needed.

The pannier, pocket-case, and saddle-bags are easily improvised, and are omitted from the table.

For a greater or less number of animals than are provided for in the table the proportions indicated will be observed in requisitions and issues.

This table is ample and sufficiently varied for ordinary practice; but in order to provide for the necessities of epidemics, and to indulge, as far as practicable, individual preference and training, a special requisition for articles not in the supply table, with an explanation of the nature of the emergency or case rendering it necessary, may be forwarded through the regular channels for the action of the quartermaster-general.

STANDARD SUPPLY TABLE.

Articles.		Quantities.
Medicines for Three Months' Supply—		For 100 Animals.	For 200 Animals.	For 300 Animals.
Acid, carbolic, crystallized	oz.	16	18	24
Aconite, tincture of the root	oz.	4	4	8
Alcohol	gals.	1	2	3
Aloes, Barbadoes	oz.	20	20	30
Ammonia, aromatic spirits of	lbs.	2	3	4
Ammonia, carbonate of	lbs.	1	1½	2
Ammonia, solution of	gals.	1	2	3
Belladonna, fluid extract of	oz.	4	6	8
Camphor	lbs.	1	1½	2
Cantharides (Spanish flies), powdered	oz.	2	3	4
Charcoal, powdered	lbs.	1	1½	2
Cosmoline, veterinary	lbs.	4	8	12
Ether, spirits of nitrous (sweet spirits of nitre)	lbs.	3	6	8
Ether, sulphuric	lbs.	2	3	4
Flaxseed-meal	lbs.	25	30	40
Ginger, powdered	lbs.	2	3	4
Gentian, powdered	lbs.	2	3	4
Glycerine	oz.	8	12	16
Iron, sulphate of desiccated	oz.	8	10	12
Lime, chloride of	lbs.	25	50	75
Lunar, caustic	oz.	1	1	2
Oil, linseed	gals.	2	3	4
Opium, tincture of	lbs.	3	4	6
Oil, olive	gals.	1	2	3
Pepper, Cayenne, ground	lbs.	1	1½	2
Potassa, nitrate of (saltpetre)	lbs.	3	4	6
Soap, Castile	lbs.	10	15	20
Soda, bicarbonate of	lbs.	4	8	12
Sulphur, washed	lbs.	2	3	4
Turpentine, oil of	gals.	2	3	4
Zinc, sulphate of	oz.	8	10	12
Dressings for Six Months' Supply.
Bandages 2½ inches wide and 4 yards long, of heavy bed-ticking	doz.	2	3	4
Bandages 4 inches wide and 4 yards long of heavy red flannel	doz.	2	3	4
Oakum	lbs.	10	15	20
Silk for ligatures	oz.	¾	¾	1
Sponges, coarse	lbs.	1	1½	2
Instruments for Each Post—		Of 100 Animals.	Of 200 Animals.	Of 300 Animals.
Ball forceps	no.	1	2	3
Bistouries	no.	1	2	3
Catheters, gum, with stylet	no.	1	2	2
Corkscrews	no.	1	2	2
Drenching-horns, tin	no.	2	2	4
Fleams (3 blades)	no.	2	4	6
Funnels, tin	no.	1	2	3
Graduate glasses, 6-oz.	no.	1	2	3
Hobbles, casting	no.	1	2	3
Hones	no.	1	2	3
Lancets	no.	3	6	8
Measures, tin, sets	no.	1	2	3
Mortars and pestles, wedgewood, large	no.	1	2	3
Needles, surgeons'	no.	8	10	12
Needles, Seaton	no.	8	10	12
Probangs, celluloid, in two pieces	no.	1	2	3
Scales and weights, shop	no.	1	2	2
Scissors, curved	no.	2	4	6
Slings, suspending	no.	1	2	2
Spatulas	no.	1	2	3
Speculums, mouth	no.	1	2	3
Syringes, rubber, 2-oz.	no.	1	2	2
Syringes, rubber, 24-oz.	no.	1	2	2
Thermometers, clinical	no.	1	2	2
Tooth-rasps	no.	1	2	3
Books for Each Officer in Charge of—		100 Animals.	200 Animals.	300 Animals.
Blank books, 2-quire, for record of cases	no.	1	2	2
Practical Horse-shoeing, Fleming	no.	1	2	2
The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser, Laws	no.	1	2	2
Or, Army Veterinary Manual, Holcombe	no.	1	2	2

TABLEWARE AND KITCHEN UTENSILS ALLOWED A LIGHT BATTERY.

Dinner-plates	75	big right bracket	Articles of china and glassware upon which an allowance of 20 per cent per annum of total value is made.
Soup-plates	75
Meat-plates	7
Cups and saucers	75
Water-pitchers	7
Vegetable-dishes	38
Salt-cellars	14
Pepper-boxes	14
Syrup-pitchers	14
Bowls	75
Pickle-dishes	9
Sugar-bowls	14
Gravy-boats	14
Mustard-pots	14
Tumblers	75
Dippers	7		Meat-saws	2
Soup-ladles	7		Scales and weights	1
Skimmers	2		Frying-pans	4
Dishpans	4		Meat-forks	7
Basting-spoons	7		Meat-choppers or meat-cutters	2
Tea-spoons	75		Carving-sets	2
Table-spoons	75		Cleavers	1
Table-forks	75		Mustard-spoons	14
Table-knives	75		Flour-sieves	1
Bread-knives	4		Can-openers	7
Butcher-knives	4		Graters	2
Chopping-bowls	4
Coffee-mills	1

ALLOWANCE OF CLOTHING.

Articles.		Year.						Total for five years.
		First.		Second.	Third.	Fourth.	Fifth.
		1st 6 mos.	2nd 6 mos.	Second.	Third.	Fourth.	Fifth.
Helmets and trimmings complete	No.	1	...	...	1	...	...	2
Forage-caps and trimmings	No.	1	1	1	1	1	1	6
Campaign hats	No.	1	...	1	1	1	1	5
Uniform coats	No.	1	...	...	1	...	...	2
Trousers	pairs	2	1	2	2	2	1	10
Canvas fatigue coats	No.	1	...	1	1	1	1	5
Canvas fatigue trousers	pairs	1	...	1	1	1	1	5
Linen collars	No.	4	2	6	6	6	6	30
Dark blue flannel shirts	No.	2	1	2	2	2	2	11
Knit undershirts	No.	2	1	3	3	3	3	15
Drawers	pairs	2	1	3	3	3	3	15
Boots for mounted troops	pairs	1	...	1	...	1	...	3
Shoes for mounted troops	pairs	1	1	1	2	1	1	7
Barrack shoes	pairs	1	...	1	1	1	1	5
Stockings, woollen	pairs	3	1	4	4	4	4	20
Stockings, cotton	pairs	3	3	6	6	6	6	30
Blouses	No.	1	...	1	1	1	1	5
Overcoats	No.	1	...	...	...	...	...	1
Chevrons, cloth	pairs	2	...	1	1	1	1	6
Chevrons, gold lace	pairs	1	...	...	1	...	...	2
Stripes for trousers	pairs	2	1	2	2	2	1	10
Stable frock for mounted troops	No.	1	...	...	1	...	...	2
Overalls for mounted troops	pairs	1	...	1	1	1	1	5
Blankets woollen	No.	1	...	...	1	...	...	2
Berlin gloves for mounted troops	pairs	2	2	4	4	4	4	20
Leather gauntlets	pairs	1	...	1	...	1	...	3
Suspenders	pairs	1	...	1	1	1	1	5
Cork helmets in lieu of campaign hats[15]	No.	1	...	...	1	...	...	2
Arctic overshoes[15]	pairs	1	...	1	...	...	...	2
Woollen mittens[15]	pairs	2	...	2	2	2	2	10
Overcoats, fur or other suitable material[15]	No.	1[16]	...	...	...	...	...	...
Fur caps[15]	No.	1	...	1	1	1	1	5
Fur gauntlets[15]	pairs.	1	...	1	1	1	1	5

ALLOWANCE OF EQUIPAGE.

IN CAMP OR GARRISON.

	Tents.			Axes.	Hatchets.	Spades.	Pick- axes.	Camp- kettles.	Mess- pans.
	Conical wall.	Wall.	Common.	Axes.	Hatchets.	Spades.	Pick- axes.	Camp- kettles.	Mess- pans.
A general officer	...	3	...	1	1	...	...	...	...
Field and staff officer above rank of captain	...	2	...	1	1	...	...	...	...
Other staff officers or captains	...	1	...	1	1	...	...	...	...
Subalterns of companies, to every two	...	1	...	1	1	...	...	...	...
To every 6 foot or 4 mounted men	...	...	1	...	...	...	...	...	...
To every 15 foot or 13 mounted men	...	...	...	2	2	2	2	2	5
To every 20 foot or 17 mounted men	1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...

TENTS FOR THE SICK, THEIR ATTENDANTS, AND HOSPITAL SUPPLIES.

			Tents.
			Hospital.	Common.
For	1	company	1	1
"	2	companies	1	1
"	3	"	2	1
"	4	"	2	1
"	5	"	3	1
"	6	"	3	1
"	7	"	3	1
"	8	"	3	1
"	9	"	4	1
"	10	"	4	1

CORN BROOMS AND SCRUBBING-BRUSHES.

To each battery, without regard to its numerical strength, 3 corn brooms and 2 scrubbing-brushes per month.

BARRACK CHAIRS.

One for each non-commissioned officer.

One for every two enlisted men of all other grades.

ALLOWANCE OF STOVES, FUEL, LAMPS, OIL, OFFICE FURNITURE, AND STATIONERY FOR A LIGHT BATTERY.

Stoves.—3 large stoves in each dormitory, 1 large stove in each mess-room and day-room, 1 small stove for each of the two rooms for non-commissioned officers, 1 small stove for the reading-room, blacksmith-shop, carpenter-shop, saddle-shop, and guard-room each, and one cooking-stove or range for the kitchen.

Fuel (monthly).—For each enlisted man ¹/₁₂ cord of wood from May 1 to August 31, and 1 cord from Sept. 1 to April 30. Stations between 36 and 43 degs. N. lat. ¼[17] increase; stations further north ? increase. For guards, not to exceed 3 cords from Sept. 1 to April 30, with ¾ cord increase for stations between 36 and 43 degs. N. lat.; and 1 cord for those further north.

Lamps.—One burner for every ten (10) men and every fraction thereof, when fraction is five or more, of maximum strength of organization, and lamps or lanterns, not exceeding 3 for each barracks, for lighting interior passage-ways. Office, guard-house and first sergeant each a lamp with single burner. Stables, number of lamps or lanterns required, approved by department commander.

Oil (monthly).—Four ounces per burner for 1½-in. wicks and 2 ounces for smaller wicks during each hour of authorized illumination. (1 gal. for 26 hours for large burner, or 52 hours for small burner.)

Office Furniture.—To each desk, 1 ink-stand, 1 paper-folder, 1 ruler, 1 steel eraser, 1 piece of india-rubber, and 4 lead-pencils.

Stationery (quarterly).—Battery commander: 6 qrs. writing-paper, ¼ qr. envelope-paper, 10 sheets blotting-paper, 20 pens, 2 pen-holders, 1 pint black ink, 1 oz. red ink, ½ pint mucilage, 3 oz. sealing-wax, 1 piece office tape, 80 envelopes.

TABLE OF WEIGHTS OF CERTAIN ARTICLES OF CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE.

Article.	Lbs.	Oz.	Article.	Lbs.	Oz.
Overcoat	6	8	Stockings, pair		4
Blouse	2		Gauntlets, pair		7
Stable frock	1	4	Boots, pair	4	8
Overalls	1	2	Shoes, pair	2	6
Drawers		14½	Leggins, pair		8
Trousers	2	6	Blankets	5
D. B. F. shirt	1	4	Poncho	2	8
Knit undershirt	1		Rubber blankets	2	8
Mess-pan	1	10	Spade	5
Camp-kettle	5	8	Shovel, long	4	10
Axe and helve	6	4	Shovel, short	5
Hatchet and helve	1	8	Pickaxe and helve	7	12

TABLE OF MONTHLY PAY OF ENLISTED MEN.

Year of enlistment	First Year.		Second Year		Third Year.	Fourth Year.	Fifth Year.
Rank and Service.
Company.
Private—artillery, cavalry, and infantry	big right bracket	$13		$13	$14	$15	$16
Private (2d class)—engineers and ordnance
Musician—engineers, artillery, and infantry
Trumpeter—cavalry
Wagoner—artillery, cavalry, and infantry		14	big right bracket	Not entitled to additional pay.[18]
Artificer—artillery and infantry		15	big right bracket	Not entitled to additional pay.[18]
Private—hospital corps		18		18	19	20	21
Corporal--artillery, cavalry, and infantry	big right bracket	15		15	16	17	18
Blacksmith, farrier, and saddler—cavalry	big right bracket	15		15	16	17	18
Sergeant—artillery, cavalry, and infantry		18		18	19	20	21[19]
Private (1st class)—engineers and ordnance		17		17	18	19	20
Corporal—engineers and ordnance		20		20	21	22	23
First sergeant—artillery, cavalry, and infantry		25		25	26	27	28[19]
Sergeant—engineers, ordnance, and signal corps		34		34	35	36	37
1st class sergeant—signal corps		45		45	46	47	48
Regiment.
Chief trumpeter	big right bracket	22		22	23	24	25
Saddler sergeant—cavalry
Principal musician—artillery and infantry
Chief musician—artillery, cavalry, and infantry		60		Not entitled to additional pay.[18]
Sergeant-major—artillery, cavalry, and infantry	big right bracket	23		23	24	25	26
Q. M. sergeant—artillery, cavalry, and infantry	big right bracket	23		23	24	25	26
Sergeant-major and Q. M. sergeant—engineers		36		36	37	38	39
Veterinary surgeon (senior)		100	big right bracket	Not entitled to any additional pay.
Veterinary surgeon (junior)		75	big right bracket	Not entitled to any additional pay.
Post.
Ordnance sergeant	big right bracket	34		34	35	36	37
Commissary sergeant
Post quartermaster-sergeant
Hospital steward		45		45	46	47	48
Acting hospital steward		25		25	26	27	28

On re-enlisting after 5 years' service, $2.00 per month in addition to pay received at time of discharge ($1.00 is retained), and for each 5 years' continuous service thereafter a further sum of $1.00 per month.

The pay of a man who has ever re-enlisted under the act of August 4, 1854, and comes into the service again, commences with pay for fifth year.

A certificate of merit entitles a soldier to $2.00 per month additional pay, commencing on the date of rendering "distinguished service," and continuing through all subsequent service as an enlisted man.

Enlisted men (retired) are entitled to three fourths of the monthly pay allowed by law to them in the grade they held when retired, with commutation of clothing and rations.

SUMMARY COURT.

When charges are preferred against an enlisted man for offences cognizable by inferior courts-martial, they will be laid before the post commander, who, if he thinks that the accused should be tried, will cause him to be brought before the summary court. Here he will be arraigned and allowed to plead, according to the practice of courts-martial. If an accused neither demands a removal of his case to a regimental or garrison court-martial; nor, being a non-commissioned officer above the rank of corporal, objects to trial by inferior court-martial; nor objects to be tried by the officer second in rank on the ground of his being the accuser; nor pleads guilty, witnesses will be sworn and evidence received, the accused being permitted to testify in his own behalf and make a statement; but the evidence and statement will not be recorded. When the summary court shall have arrived at a finding and judgment, the summary court record book, with the entries therein made in accordance with the headings of its columns, will be laid before the post commander for his action, which also will be entered in the record book, dated and signed. When a case is heard by the post commander, the proceedings will be recorded in the same book. No other record of the proceedings will be kept, and trials by summary court will not be published in orders.

When a post commander sits as a summary court, no approval of the sentence is required by law, but he should sign the sentence as post commander and date his signature.

Record of Summary Court at.......................

No.

Name,
rank,
company,
and
regiment.

Article
of War
Violated.

Synopsis of
specification.

Finding.

No. of
previous
convictions.

Sentence,
with
signature
of trial
officer.

Action of
commanding
officer,
with date
and
signature.

LIST OF PRESCRIBED PUNISHMENTS FOR ENLISTED MEN.

Article I.

In all cases of desertion the sentence may include dishonorable discharge and forfeiture of pay and allowances.

Subject to the modifications authorized in Section 3 of this article the limit of the term of confinement (at hard labor) for desertion shall be as follows:

Section 1. In case of surrender—

(a) When the deserter surrenders himself after an absence of not more than thirty days, one year.

(b) When the surrender is made after an absence of more than thirty days, eighteen months.

Sec. 2. In case of apprehension—

(a) When at the time of desertion the deserter shall not have been more than six months in the service, eighteen months.

(b) When he shall have been more than six months in the service, two and one half years.

Sec. 3. The foregoing limitations are subject to modification under the following conditions:

(a) The punishment of a deserter may be increased by one year of confinement at hard labor in consideration of each previous conviction of desertion.

(b) The punishment for desertion when joined in by two or more soldiers in the execution of a conspiracy, or for desertion in the presence of an outbreak of Indians or of any unlawful assemblage which the troops may be opposing, shall not exceed dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor for five years.

Article II.

Except as herein otherwise indicated punishment shall not exceed the limits prescribed in the following table:

Offences.		Limits of punishment.
Under 17th Article of War.
Selling horse or arms, or both		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor for three years.
Selling accoutrements		Four months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Selling clothing		Two months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Losing or spoiling horse or arms through neglect.		Four months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Losing or spoiling accoutrements or clothing through neglect.		One month's confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Under 20th Article of War.
Behaving himself with disrespect to his commanding officer.		Six months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Under 24th Article of War.
Refusal to obey or using violence to officer or non-commissioned officer while quelling quarrels or disorders.		Dishonorable discharge, with forfeiture of all pay and allowances and confinement at hard labor for two years.
Under 31st Article of War.
Lying out of quarters		Forfeiture of $2; corporal, $3; sergeant, $4.
Under 32d Article of War.
Absence without leave--—[20]
Less than one hour		Forfeiture of $1; corporal, $2; sergeant, $3; 1st sergeant or non-commissioned officer of higher grade, $4.
From one to six hours[21]		Forfeiture of $2; corporal, $3; sergeant, $4; 1st sergeant or non-commissioned officer of higher grade, $5.
From six to twelve hours		Forfeiture of $3; corporal, $4; sergeant, $6; 1st sergeant or non-commissioned officer of higher grade, $7.
From twelve to twenty-four hours.		Forfeiture of $5; corporal, $6; sergeant, $7; 1st sergeant or non-commissioned officer of higher grade, $10.
From twenty-four to forty-eight Hours.		Forfeiture of $6 and five days' confinement at hard labor. For corporal, forfeiture of $8; sergeant, $10; 1st sergeant or non-commissioned officer of higher grade, $12; or, for all non-commissioned officers, reduction.
From two to ten days		Forfeiture of $10 and ten days' confinement at hard labor; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
From ten to thirty days		Forfeiture of $20 and one month's confinement at hard labor; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
From thirty to ninety days		Three months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
For ninety or more than ninety days		Dishonorable discharge and forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and six months' confinement at hard labor.
Under 33d Article of War.
Failure to repair at the time fixed, etc., to the place of parade—
For reveille or retreat roll-call and 11 P.M. inspection		Forfeiture of $1; corporal, $2; sergeant, $3; 1st sergeant, $4
For guard detail		Forfeiture of $5; corporal, $8; sergeant, $10.
For fatigue detail	big right bracket
For dress parade
For the weekly inspection
For target practice		Forfeiture of $2; corporal, $3; sergeant, $5.
For drill
For guard-mounting (by musician)
For stable duty
Under 38th Article of War.
Drunkenness on—
Guard		Six months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Duty as company cook		Forfeiture of $20.
	big right bracket
Extra or special duty
At drill
At target practice		Forfeiture of $12; for non-commissioned officer, reduction and forfeiture of $20.
At parade
At inspection
At inspection of company guard detail
At stable duty
Under 40th Article of War.
Quitting guard		Six months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Under 51st Article of War.
Persuading soldiers to desert		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and one year's confinement at hard labor.
Under 60th Article of War.		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and four years' confinement at hard labor.
Under 62d Article of War.
Manslaughter		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and ten years' confinement at hard labor.
Assault, with intent to kill		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and ten years' confinement at hard labor.
Burglary		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and five years' confinement at hard labor.
Forgery		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and four years' confinement at hard labor.
Perjury		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and four years' confinement at hard labor.
False swearing		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and two years' confinement at hard labor.
Robbery		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and six years' confinement at hard labor.
Larceny or embezzlement of property—[22]
Of the value of more than $100		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and four years' confinement at hard labor.
Of the value of $100 or less and more than $50		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and three years' confinement at hard labor.
Of the value of $50 or less and more than $20		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and two years' confinement at hard labor.
Of the value of $20 or less.		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and one year's confinement at hard labor.
Fraudulent enlistment, procured by false representation or concealment of a fact in regard to a prior enlistment or discharge, or in regard to conviction of a civil or military crime		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor for one year.
Fraudulent enlistment, other cases of		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor for six months.
Disobedience of orders, involving wilful defiance of the authority of a non-commissioned officer in the execution of his office		Six months' confinement at hard Six months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Using threatening or insulting language or behaving in an manner to a non-commissioned officer while in the execution of his office		One month's confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Absence from fatigue duty		Forfeiture of $4; corporal, $5; sergeant, $6.
Absence from extra or special duty		Forfeiture of $4; corporal, $5; sergeant, $6.
Absence from duty as company or hospital cook.		Forfeiture of $10.
Introducing liquor into post or camp in violation of standing orders.		Forfeiture of $3; for non-commissioned officer, reduction and forfeiture of $5.
Drunkenness at post or in quarters		Forfeiture of $3; for non-commissioned officer, reduction and forfeiture of $5.
Drunkenness and disorderly conduct, causing the offender's arrest and conviction by civil authorities at a place within ten miles of his station		Forfeiture of $10 and seven days' confinement at hard labor; for non-commissioned officer, reduction and forfeiture of $12.
Noisy or disorderly conduct in quarters.		Forfeiture of $4; corporal, $7; sergeant, $10.
Abuse by non-commissioned officer of his authority over an inferior.		Reduction, three months' confinement at hard labor, and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period.
Non-commissioned officer encouraging gambling.		Reduction and forfeiture of $5.
Non-commissioned officer making false report.		Reduction, forfeiture of $8, and ten days' confinement at hard labor.
Sentinel allowing a prisoner under his charge to escape through neglect.		Six months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period.
Sentinel wilfully suffering prisoner under his charge to escape.		Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and one year's confinement at hard labor.
Sentinel allowing a prisoner under his charge to obtain liquor.		Two months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period.
Sentinel or member of guard drinking liquor with prisoners.		Two months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period.
Disrespect or affront to a sentinel.		Two months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Resisting or disobeying sentinel in lawful execution of his duty.		Six months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.
Lewd or indecent exposure of person.		Three months' confinement at hard labor and forfeiture of $10 per month for the same period; for non-commissioned officer, reduction in addition thereto.

Article III.

Section 1. When a soldier shall be convicted of an offence the punishment for which, as authorized by Article II. of this order or the custom of the service, does not exceed that which an inferior court-martial may award, the punishment so authorized may be increased by one half for every previous conviction of one or more offences within eighteen months preceding the trial and during the current enlistment; provided that the increase of punishment for five or more previous convictions shall not exceed that thus authorized when there are four previous convictions, and that when one or more of such five or more previous convictions shall have been by general court-martial, or when such convictions shall have occurred within one year preceding the trial, the limit of punishment shall be dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor for three months.

When the conviction is of an offence punishable under Article II. of this order or the custom of the service with a greater punishment than an inferior court-martial can award, but not punishable with dishonorable discharge, the sentence may, on proof of five or more previous convictions within eighteen months and during the current enlistment, impose dishonorable discharge and forfeiture of all pay and allowances in addition to the authorized confinement, and when this confinement is less than three months it may be increased to three months.

When a non-commissioned officer is convicted of an offence not punishable with reduction, he may, if he shall have been convicted of a military offence within a year and during the current enlistment, be sentenced to reduction, in addition to the punishment already authorized.

Sec. 2. In every case when an offence on trial before a court-martial is of a character admitting of the introduction of evidence of previous convictions, and the accused is convicted, the court, after determining its findings, will be opened for the purpose of ascertaining whether there is such evidence, and, if so, of hearing it. These convictions must be proved by the records of previous trials, or by duly authenticated orders promulgating the same, except in the cases of conviction by summary court, when a duly authenticated copy of the record of said court shall be deemed sufficient proof. Charges forwarded to the authority ordering a general court-martial, or submitted to a summary, garrison, or regimental court, must be accompanied by the proper evidence of such previous convictions as may have to be considered in determining upon a sentence.

When a soldier shall, on one arraignment, be convicted of two or more offences, none of which is punishable under Article II. of this order or the custom of the service with dishonorable discharge, but the aggregate term of confinement for which may exceed six months, dishonorable discharge with forfeiture of pay and allowances may be awarded in addition to the authorized confinement.

Article V.

This order prescribes the maximum limit of punishment for the offences named, and this limit is intended for those cases in which the severest punishment should be awarded. In other cases the punishment should be graded down according to the extenuating circumstances. Offences not herein provided for remain punishable as authorized by the Articles of War and the custom of the service.

Article VI.

Summary courts are subject to the restrictions named in the 83d Article of War. Soldiers against whom charges may be preferred for trial by summary court shall not be confined in the guard-house, but shall be placed in arrest in quarters, before and during trial and while awaiting sentence, except when in particular cases restraint may be necessary.

Article VII.

The following substitutions for punishments named in Article II. of this order are authorized at the discretion of the court:

Two days' confinement at hard labor for one dollar forfeiture; one day's solitary confinement on bread and water diet for two days' confinement at hard labor or for one dollar forfeiture; provided that a non-commissioned officer not sentenced to reduction shall not be subject to confinement; and provided that solitary confinement shall not exceed fourteen days at one time, nor be repeated until fourteen days have elapsed, and shall not exceed eighty-four days in one year. Whenever the limit herein prescribed for an offence or offences may be brought within the punishing power of inferior courts-martial, as defined by the 83d Article of War, by substitution of punishment under the provisions of this article, the said courts have jurisdiction of such offence or offences.

Article VIII.

Non-commissioned officers above the rank of corporal shall not, if they object thereto, be brought to trial before regimental, garrison, or summary courts-martial without the authority of the officer competent to order their trial by general court-martial; nor shall sergeants of the post non-commissioned staff or hospital stewards be reduced, but they may be dishonorably discharged whenever reduction is included in the limit of punishment.

U. S. SIGNAL AND TELEGRAPH CODE.

(Authorized by G. O. No. 59, A. G. O., June 28, 1889.)

ALPHABET.

A ·-	F ·-·	K -·-	P ·····	U ··-
B -···	G --·	L ----	Q ··-·	V ···-
C ·· ·	H ····	M --	R · ··	W ·- -
D -··	I ··	N -·	S ···	X ·-··
E ·	J -·-·	O ·	T -	Y ·· ··
	Z ··· ·		····

NUMERALS.

1 ·- -·	3 ···- -·	5 - - -	7 - -··	9 -··-
2 ··-··	4 ····-	6 ·····	8 -····	0 ----

PUNCTUATION MARKS.

Comma ·-·-	Interrogation -··-·	Parenthesis Pn
Semicolon Si	Quotation Qn	Brackets Br
Colon Ko	Paragraph - - - -	Dollar mark Sx
Period ··- -··	Exclamation - - - ·	Dash Dx
Hyphen Hx	Underline Ux

Note.—A fraction is made by inserting a dot between the numerator and denominator:

Example, ? - -·· · -····

SIGNALS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

1. Wait a moment
4. Start me
5. Have you anything for me?
7. Are you ready?
8. Busy on other wires (or stations)
9. Train order (or important military message)—give way
13. Do you understand?
18. What is the matter?
27. Adjust your magnet (or flash)
30. Circuit closed (or close station)
44. Answer quick
73. Accept compliments
92. Deliver (ed)
134. Who is at the key (flag, or torch)?
Ahr. Another
Ans. Answer
Ck. Check
Col. Collect
D H. Dead head
G A. Go ahead
G E. Good-evening
G M. Good-morning
G N. Good-night
G R. Government rate
N M. No more
O B. Official business
O K. All right
Opr. Operator
Pd. Paid
Qk. Quick
Sig. Signature

TO SIGNAL WITH FLAG OR TORCH.

The flagman faces exactly toward the communicating station; staff is vertical in front of centre of body, butt at height of waist. The dot (·) is represented by a motion to the right, and the dash (-) by a motion to the left of the sender. The space, whether separating elements of spaced characters (C, O, R, Y, Z, and "&"), or separating words, will be represented by a "front" motion.

Thus the motions:

Right, right, front, right, represent C.

Right, front, right, represent O.

Right, front, right, right, represent R.

Each motion will embrace an arc of 90°, starting from and returning to the vertical.

The long dash (letter "L" and numeral "naught") is distinguished from the "T" dash by a slight pause at the lowest point of dip, and with this exception there will be no pause whatever between the motions required for any single letter.

A slight pause will be made between letters.

At the end of each word, abbreviation, or conventional signal the space signal, or "front" motion, is made, preceded and followed by a pause equivalent to that made between letters.

CONVENTIONAL SIGNALS FOR HELIOGRAPH OR FLASH LANTERN.

To Call a Station.—Turn a steady flash on the station and keep it there until answered by a steady flash. Both stations will then adjust, each on the other's flash. When adjustments are satisfactory, the station called will acknowledge and cut off its flash, and the calling station will proceed with the message.

Adjustment.—If the receiver sees that the sender's mirror needs adjusting, he will turn on a steady flash until answered by a steady flash. When adjustment is satisfactory, the receiver will acknowledge, and the sender will resume his message.

CONVENTIONAL SIGNS FOR FLAG OR TORCH.[23]

To Call a Station.—Signal the "call letter" of the station required, or, if the call letter be not known, signal "A" without pause until acknowledged. The calling station will then proceed with the message.

To Acknowledge a Call.—Signal "I" three times followed by "front" and the call letter of the acknowledging station.

To Break or Stop the Signals from the Sending Station.—Signal "A" without pause until acknowledged.

To Start the Sending Station after Breaking.—Signal "G A" followed by "front" and the last word correctly received; the sender will immediately resume his message, beginning with the word indicated by the receiver. If nothing has been received, signal "R R"; the sender will then repeat all.

Error in Sending.—Signal seven dots (·······) rapidly followed by "front," and resume the message, beginning with the last word correctly sent.

End of Address.—Signal the period (··--··) followed by "front."

Signature Follows.—Signal "Sig" followed by "front."

To Acknowledge Receipt of a Message.—Signal "O K" followed by "front" and personal signal or initial of receiver.

PENETRATION OF PROJECTILES.

Experiments at Lydd, in 1886, showed that earthen parapets of sandy loam 12 feet thick were but little affected by the fire from B. L. 12-pdr. and 20-pdr. with steel shells, and the following rough rules will probably suffice against field-guns:

For friable soil, such as sand, etc.	2	yards
For medium soil, such as ordinary earth	2½	yards
For tenacious soil, such as clay	3	yards

The following data, obtained from experiments by the Germans, may prove of service:

PENETRATION FROM ARTILLERY-FIRE.

Field-artillery.		Garrison and Siege Artillery.
Shrapnel; (bullets or fragments) in earth,	16 to 39 in.	In earth	39 in.
Shrapnel, wood, overhead cover	2 in.	Wood, overhead cover	4 in.
Individual shot:
Striking fair, earth	39 to 79 in.	Earth	10 to 13 ft.
Striking fair, brickwork	39 in.
Striking fair, snow	about 27 ft.

PENETRATION FROM INFANTRY-FIRE.

Sand	29½	in.
Rammed snow	6 ft. 9	in.
Sheaves of grain	16 ft. 9	in.
Pine	39	in.
Steel plate	0.8	in.
Ordinary earth	39	in.
Swampy or wet ground	79	in.
Laid sods and turf	79	in.
Oak	24	in.
Brickwork	19½	in.
A double thickness of planks filled in with broken stone	7.8	in.

Penetration at all ranges has been increased with the new rifle (U.S.). At 200 to 300 yards protection is afforded by about 0.2 inch of steel plate and about 0.3 inch wrought iron; at same distances penetration in earth is 25 inches, in pine, 30 inches.

GUN-PITS FOR FIELD-ARTILLERY.

THE FRENCH GUN-PIT.

Description.—The French gun-pit consists of an epaulement, whose general direction is perpendicular to the line of fire, with wings or returns at the sides, along which trenches are dug on the inside for the protection of the cannoneers. The earth for the epaulement is taken from a rectangular pit one and a half feet deep, and from the ramps and trenches leading to it. If there is not sufficient earth, more is obtained by digging a ditch in front. The lateral trenches may be prolonged and deepened to any extent.

Fig. 136.

Construction.—To trace the pit:

1. Lay off a line about ten feet in length perpendicular to the line of fire, to mark the foot of the interior slope of the epaulement.

This line should be long enough to give the piece a field of fire of 90 degrees; mark the extremities and centre of the line with stakes or otherwise.

2. In the wings lay off two lines five to seven feet in length, making with the first line angles such that the trenches shall not restrict the field of fire or interfere with the recoil of the piece.

3. Complete the rectangle of the pit, and mark the points of intersection of the trenches and the ramps leading to it.

4. In soft ground it will be found to be more expeditious to use shovels; if the ground is hard, three picks and five shovels will be necessary for each detachment of eight men. The men should commence by breaking ground along the interior slope; having picked a breadth of about two feet, they face about and advance toward the rear of the pit.

As soon as there is room the shovels follow the picks.

In picking the men should be instructed to strike together to avoid accident.

Under pressure this pit can be constructed in one and a half hours.

THE GERMAN GUN-PIT.

The German gun-pit consists of a rectangular excavation one and a half feet deep, with a ramp leading to it from the rear. The epaulement is formed like an ordinary glacis, and surrounds all but the entrance.

This pit is easily and rapidly constructed, and, as seen from a distance, presents a very small target.

The parapet being the same height all round, the gun can fire in any direction by widening the pit, which would then take the form of a semicircle.

Construction.—1. Lay off a line four yards in length perpendicular to the direction of the line of fire. At each extremity erect a perpendicular of four yards.

2. From the vertices of the right angles thus formed lay off one yard on both the front and side lines, and mark the four points so determined, together with the rear extremities of the sides, with sabres or stakes.

Fig. 137.

3. Commence and continue the digging as prescribed in the construction of the French gun-pit.

The pockets aa are for the reception of ammunition.

4. The ramp is laid out and completed after the pit is finished, or simultaneously with it, as may be most desirable.

An ordinary gun detachment can construct this pit in one hour.

THE AUSTRIAN GUN-PIT.

A simple rectangular pit one and a half feet deep, with front epaulement and ramp.

Construction.—Constructed similarly to the German, the earth from the pit being thrown to the front.

It can be made in less than half an hour, and while affording no special cover to the cannoneers, as do the German and English, it can be made in half that time, and does not present a conspicuous target.

Fig. 138.

It has the further advantage of very rapid cover, and of being capable of transformation into any desirable pit if there be time.

THE ENGLISH GUN-PIT.

This type is a true "gun-pit," the bottom being below the natural surface of the ground, sloping up at back of pit toward the rear. It affords excellent cover for the piece and its detachment, can be readily marked out, and constructed in a comparatively short time.

The lateral trenches, if extended, would afford a covered way along the front of the battery.

The defects in this pit are a contracted field of fire, the conspicuous mark which the embrasure gives the enemy, the lack of ammunition-pockets, and want of drainage.

Fig. 139.

Construction.—1. Lay off 8 feet 6 inches on a line perpendicular to the probable direction of fire for the interior crest, and at the middle point of this line determine a perpendicular to it; on this perpendicular lay off from the interior crest distances of 6 feet, 10 feet, and 18 feet, and through their extremities determine lines parallel to the interior crest; on these lines find points that are 6 feet from the perpendicular on both sides of it, putting in a stake or sabre at each point so determined. Extend the parallels at 6 feet and 10 feet, 4 feet on each side, and mark the points thus established for the lateral trenches.

2. Commence excavating at the interior crest, throwing the earth to the front and sides (being careful to allow a berme of about one foot), thus forming an epaulement 1 foot 6 inches high and 10 feet 5 inches thick at bottom, extending round to the front corner of the lateral trenches. Then throw the earth out to the side front to form mounds about 4 feet high in front of the lateral trenches to still better protect the detachment, sufficient space being left in front for an embrasure. Dig down two feet throughout the pit back to the line 10 feet from the interior crest and level off the bottom. Slope up from the bottom of the pit at ten-foot line back to the eighteen-foot line. If desirable to connect adjoining pits of this class, extend the lateral trenches until they meet.

Time of construction of pit complete in all its details, with detachment of eight cannoneers, gunner, and chief of section, in stiff clay, without previous practice, one hour and twenty minutes.

ORDINARY RUSSIAN GUN-PIT.

This type differs from the gun-pit proper, in that the wheels rest on the natural surface of the ground, the side-pits being for the cannoneers. The only apparent advantages are good cover for the detachment under heavy fire, drainage as far as the piece is concerned, and facility for ingress and egress. The obvious disadvantages are contracted space for working party in digging, contracted field of fire, and the mark presented by the embrasure to hostile fire.

Construction.—Lay off on a line perpendicular to the probable direction of fire 10 feet, prolong the line 5 feet 3 inches in both directions, and mark the four points thus determined with stakes or sabres. At the middle point of the ten-foot line erect a perpendicular to it and lay off on this perpendicular to the rear 9 feet 2 inches; through this point determine a parallel to the ten-foot line and lay off on it, on both sides of the perpendicular, 9 feet and 14 feet 3 inches, marking the four points so determined with stakes or sabres.

The parallelograms whose vertices are thus established fix the surface-lines of the lateral trenches. Dig down to 4 feet 6 inches for the bottom of the trenches and throw the dirt to the front and side, giving the epaulement a height of 3 feet, and leaving space for the embrasure in front. When time permits, cut outside and rear steps for the trenches, as indicated, to admit of quick egress for the gun detachment.

Fig. 140.

Time of construction complete, soil and detachment same as English pit, two hours.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON GUN-PITS.

In forming the epaulement, leave a berme of at least a foot; and, when there is time, level and ram the earth, which, in front of the muzzle, should not be more than three and one half feet above the bottom of the pit. If there are side trenches, the earth in front of them should be high enough to afford complete protection to the men occupying them.

Pockets for the reception of the ammunition are very important in saving the ammunition from water which may accumulate, and from the fire of the enemy.

The field of fire should not be less than 90 degrees.

Avoid narrow embrasures as presenting an easy mark, and as likely to draw the fire of the enemy.

Cover should first be provided for the men and horses; then for the material.

If the position is occupied for some time, strengthen the parapet by earth from a ditch in front. Prolong the lateral trenches of the adjacent pits until they meet, forming a continuous parapet; if possible, plank or macadamize the bottom of the pit. Traverses between the guns will be found effective.

In order to conceal the parapets, cover the fresh earth with boughs, sod, or top-soil of the prevailing or surrounding color. If in winter, use snow for this purpose. A very effective plan is to dig a small trench or parapet from fifty to seventy-five yards in front of the real pits, thus deceiving an enemy as to where the real fire comes from.

If the ground does not afford natural cover for the limbers, limber-pits, similar to the Austrian gun-pits, can be easily constructed. They should be one foot deeper.

TREATMENT OF SICK MEN.

Bleeding.—Blood from the veins is dark and flows slowly; that from arteries is bright red and is thrown out in spurts.

To suppress bleeding from a vein, use cold water when slight; or place a moderately tight bandage below the wound.

If an artery, completely obstruct the artery by pressure at the bleeding point, or between it and the heart. Do this by means of the fingers, a pad and bandage, a plug, or a tourniquet. Make a knot in a handkerchief and place it at the proper spot over the course of the artery, then tie the handkerchief around the limb and by means of a stick twist it tight. In bleeding from hand, fore arm, or arm apply around arm near the shoulder; in bleeding of the foot, leg, or thigh apply around leg between knee and hip according to circumstances.

Chafing.—Chafing between the thighs may be alleviated by keeping the parts scrupulously clean, and powdered with fuller's earth, or a mixture of oxide of zinc and very finely powdered starch.

Colic.—Dose of castor-oil, hot applications to belly, and a teaspoonful of Squibb's mixture or ginger essence in water.

Cholera Morbus.—1 teaspoonful of paregoric, ¼ grain of morphine, or 1 teaspoonful of Squibb's mixture diluted may be given at once. Hot applications to belly. Stimulants in case of collapse.

Constipation.—A seidlitz powder, or a tablespoonful of Rochelle or Epsom Salts before breakfast; a teaspoonful of compound liquorice powder, or 2 or 3 compound cathartic pills, late at night.

Burns and Scalds.—Cover with vaseline or carron oil (equal parts of lime water and oil). If oil is not at hand, use flour or scraped potato. A tablespoonful of baking-soda to a teacupful of water soon relieves pain. Dress with lint or cotton-wool. Blisters should be carefully opened with a needle or scissors.

Diarrhoea.—Dose of castor-oil; if after oil has acted the diarrhoea persists, a teaspoonful of Squibb's mixture diluted; or a camphor and opium pill, to be repeated in an hour if necessary.

Drowning.—If the patient has stopped breathing, tight clothing is first loosened; the individual is then turned over on his face, a roll of clothing, a rolled blanket, etc., being placed under his stomach, his mouth and nose are cleared of sand, mud, or other substances collected therein, and pressure is made upon the spine and kept up until water ceases to flow from the mouth. The patient is then turned over on his back, and the roll placed under his shoulder-blades so as to raise the shoulders and extend the throat. The tongue, being drawn well forward, is either secured by a string or rubber band, passing around the base of the organ and the chin, fixed by thrusting a small stick or pencil across the top of it behind the molar teeth, or held by an assistant. Then, kneeling behind the patient's head, seize the arms above the elbows and draw them outwards and upwards until they are fully extended above the head. After a pause of about two seconds the arms are carried back to their original positions, the operator making firm pressure on the chest at the same time. This procedure is carried out at the rate of about fifteen times a minute. Whenever the arms are raised, the chest is expanded and air enters the lungs; when they are brought down and pressure is made upon the chest, the latter is compressed and the air is expelled. The natural movements of respiration are hence imitated. This should be kept up for hours if necessary, and until natural breathing returns, or the case has been given up as hopeless by competent authority. During this time warm and dry clothing should have been placed on the patient, a fire built, and warm articles of any kind used to restore the heat of the body. The body and limbs should be constantly rubbed towards the trunk. As soon as the patient is able to swallow a teaspoonful of hot liquor in a tablespoonful of water may be given every few minutes until the danger is over.

As soon as the patient begins to breathe of his own accord the artificial process should be timed to aid the natural respiration. Breathing may be stimulated by holding hartshorn to the nose, slapping the skin, or by dashing hot water on the chest.

After being restored the patient should be carefully carried in a recumbent position, put in a warm bed, and carefully watched for stoppage of breathing. If the patient has not stopped breathing when drawn out of the water, proceed as above, omitting artificial respiration except when the natural function begins to fail.

Emetics.—Gunpowder dissolved in water. One tablespoonful of mustard in a pint of water and then copious draughts of tepid water. Twenty grains of sulphate of zinc dissolved in water, to be followed by a cupful of tepid water, and repeated every three minutes until 3 or 4 doses have been given or vomiting has occurred.

Fainting.—Place patient on his back, head low, arms and feet may be elevated; loosen tight clothing; dash cold water in face; hold hartshorn to nostrils; a little whiskey and water when able to swallow.

Frost-bites.—Rub with snow or cold water.

Intoxication.—Pour water over head; give teaspoonful of ground mustard stirred up in a teacupful of lukewarm water; then, after vomiting has occurred, give a teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in a teacupful of water, or a large draught of vinegar. If in danger of dying, general application of heat to body is imperative.

Heat Exhaustion resembles an ordinary fainting spell, and is similarly treated. Unlike sunstroke this condition presents a cool moist skin.

Sunstroke.—Its symptoms of warning are headache and oppression, followed after a time by loss of consciousness; breathing labored; skin intensely hot; perspiration absent; the bladder and bowels sometimes discharge involuntarily.

Convey immediately to a cool place; remove clothing; place in cold bath, or wrap with sheets soaked in cold water, and keep wet with ice-water if possible. If this cannot be done, sponge thoroughly and continually the head and body, lumps of ice being rubbed over the chest and placed over the large blood-vessels in the arm-pits and groins.

Discontinue application of cold when consciousness returns, to be renewed only in case temperature rises above normal (98.9° F.) or insensibility returns.

Sore Feet.—If the feet begin to chafe, rub the socks with common soap where they come in contact with sore places. By rubbing the feet with hard soap before the march you may escape having sore feet. The feet should be washed every night and thoroughly dried. Blisters should not be opened, but have a thread run through.

TABLES OF WEIGHT, CAPACITY, ETC.

NUMBER OF POUNDS IN A BUSHEL.

Oats	32
Beans	60
Onions	57
Castor beans	46
Barley	48
Peas	60
Timothy-seed	45
Flaxseed	56
Corn or rye	56
Clover-seed	60
Dried apples or peaches	28
Hemp-seed	44
Wheat	60
Potatoes	60
Salt	50
Bluegrass-seed	14

NUMBER OF POUNDS IN A BARREL.

Flour	196
Beef, pork, or fish	200
Salt	280

CYLINDERS FOR LIQUID MEASURES.

		Diam.		Height.
1	gill	1¾	in.	3	in.
½	pint	2¼	"	3?	"
1	pint	3½	"	3	"
1	quart	3½	"	6	"
1	gallon	7	"	6	"
2	gallons	7	"	12	"
8	"	14	"	12	"
10	"	14	"	15	"

CAPACITY OF BOXES.

A cubic yard contains 21.69 bushels.

1	barrel	=	24 x 16 x 28	inches
½	"	=	24 x 24 x 14	"
1	bushel	=	16 x 16.8 x 8	"
1	"	=	a cylinder 14 in. diam. x 14 in. deep
½	"	=	12 x 11.2 x 8	inches
1	peck	=	8 x 8.4 x 8	"
1	gallon	=	8 x 8 x 4.2	" (dry)
1	"	=	6 x 6 x 6.42	" (liquid)
½	"	=	7 x 4 x 4.5	"
1	quart	=	4 x 4 x 4.1	" (dry)
1	"	=	4 x 4 x 3.61	" (liquid)

In freighting ships 42 cubic feet are allowed to a ton.

ARMY WAGON (INSIDE MEASUREMENT).

Length	big left bracket	9½ ft. at bottom	big right bracket	; width, 3 ft. 4 in.; depth, 1 ft. 9 in.
	big left bracket	10 ft. at top	big right bracket

TO DETERMINE THE QUANTITY OF GRAIN OR HAY.

Corn.—Two cubic feet of sound dry corn in the ear will make one bushel of shelled corn.

To determine the number of bushels of shelled corn in a crib of corn in the ear, multiply together the interior length, breadth, and height of the crib in feet, and divide by 2.

Oats.—A nose-bag will contain about 10 pounds of good oats.

A cubic foot of good oats weighs about 25¾ pounds.

To determine, approximately, the number of bushels of oats in a bin, multiply the length, breadth, and height in feet together, and multiply the result by O.8047.

To determine the number of bushels a wagon will contain, apply the same rule.

Hay.

Hay loose	allow	5	pounds to a cubic foot
Hay in stack	"	8	pounds to a cubic foot
Hay baled	"	11	pounds to a cubic foot
Wagon-load of stack hay	"	450 to 500 cubic feet to a ton
Wagon-load of new-mown hay		700 cubic feet to a ton

Straw.—Allow 10 to 12 pounds to a cubic foot.

MEASURES OF LENGTH.

LONG MEASURE.

12	inches	make	1 foot	ft.
3	feet	"	1 yard	yd.
5½	yards	"	1 rod	rd.
40	rods	"	1 furlong	fur.
8	furlongs, or 320 rods,	"	1 mile	mi.
3	miles	"	1 league	lea.

SURVEYOR'S MEASURE.

7.92	inches	make	1 link	li.
100	links	"	1 chain	ch.
80	chains	"	1 mile	mi.

SQUARE MEASURE.

144	square inches	make	1 square foot	sq. ft.
9	square feet	"	1 square yard	sq. yd.
30¼	square yards	"	1 square rod	sq. rd.
160	square rods	"	1 acre	A.

LAND MEASURE.

10,000	square links	make	1 square chain
10	square chains	"	1 acre
640	acres	"	1 square mile

CUBIC MEASURE.

1728	cubic inches	make	1 cubic foot	cu. ft.
27	cubic feet	"	1 cubic yard	cu. yd.
128	cubic feet	"	1 cord	C.

LIQUID MEASURE.

The standard U. S. gallon equals 231 cubic inches, and contains 8.3311 pounds of pure water at 62° F.

A cubic foot of pure water at 62° F. weighs 62.32 pounds.

The liquid quart is about six sevenths of a quart of dry measure.

Name.	Equivalent.		Litres.	Decalitres.	Hectolitres.
1 gill			.1183
1 pint	4	gills	.4732
1 quart	2	pints	.9463
1 gallon	4	quarts	3.7853
1 barrel	31½	gallons		11.9237	1.1924
1 hogshead	2	barrels		23.8474	2.3847
1 pipe	2	hogsheads			4.7694
1 tun	2	pipes			9.5389

1 litre = 8.4536 gills = 2.1134 pints = 1.0567 quarts.

DRY MEASURE.

The bushel (Winchester) contains nearly 2150.42 cubic inches, and is a cylinder measure 18½ inches across and 8 inches deep.

A bushel measure will contain 9.31 gallons of pure water at 62° F.

Name.	Equivalent.	Litres.	Decalitre.
1 pint		.5506
1 quart	2 pints	1.1012
1 peck	8 quarts	8.8096
1 bushel	4 pecks	35.2384	3.5238

1 litre = 1.816 pints = .908 quart.

APOTHECARIES' MEASURE.

60	minims (?)	1 fluid drachm (f. ?)
8	drachms (water 1.732 cu. in., 437½ grains)	1 fluid oz. (f. ?)
20	ounces	1 pint (O.)
8	pints (water 70,000 grains)	1 gallon (gall.)
1	drop	1 grain
60	drops	1 drachm
1	drachm	1 teaspoonful
4	drachms	1 tablespoonful
8	drachms (2 tablespoonfuls)	1 ounce
2	ounces (water 875 grains)	1 wineglassful
3	ounces	1 teacupful

MISCELLANEOUS TABLES.

COUNTING.

12 things	make	1 dozen	doz.
12 dozen	"	1 gross	gr.
12 gross	"	1 great gross	g. gr.

PAPER.

24	sheets	make	1 quire	qr.
20	quires	"	1 ream	ream
2	reams	"	1 bundle	bund.
2	bundles	"	1 bale

BOOKS.

A book in which

Each	sheet	is folded	into	2	leaves	is a	folio
"	"	"	"	4	"	"	quarto, or 4to
"	"	"	"	8	"	"	octavo, or 8vo
"	"	"	"	12	"	"	duodecimo, or 12mo
"	"	"	"	16	"	"	16mo
"	"	"	"	24	"	"	24mo
"	"	"	"	32	"	"	32mo

MISCELLANEOUS VALUES.

4	inches	make	1 hand,	used in	measuring horses
9	"	"	1 span,	"	sacred history
18	feet	"	1 cubit,	"	sacred history
6	"	"	1 fathom,	"	measuring depths

MEASURES OF WEIGHT.

AVOIRDUPOIS = METRIC WEIGHTS.

Avoirdupois.	Grammes.	Decagrammes.	Kilogrammes.	Millier (Ton).
1 drachm	1.77184
1 ounce (16 drachms)	28.34954	2.83495
1 pound (16 ounces)	453.59256	45.35926	0.45359
1 hundredweight			45.3552
1 ton (20 cwt.)			907.1040	0.9071

Ton.		Hundredweight.		Pounds.		Ounces.		Drachms.
1	=	20	=	2000	=	32,000	=	522,000
		1	=	100	=	1,600	=	25,600

				1	=	16	=	256
						1	=	16

TROY = METRIC WEIGHTS.

Troy Weights.	Equivalents in Metric Denominations.
Troy Weights.	Milli- gramme.	Gramme.	Deca- gramme.	Hecto- gramme.	Kilo- gramme.
1 Troy grain	64.79895	0.06480
1 pennyweight		1.55517
1 ounce		31.10349	3.11035
1 pound		373.24195	37.32491	3.73249	0.37324

1 lb.	=	12	oz.	=	240	dwts.	=	5760	grs.
		1	"	=	20	"	=	480	"
					1	"	=	24	"

TABLES FOR CONVERTING U. S. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

CUSTOMARY TO METRIC.

LINEAR.

	Inches to Millimetres.	Feet to Metres.	Yards to Metres.	Miles to Kilometres.
1 =	25.4001	0.304801	0.914402	1.60935
2 =	50.8001	0.609601	1.828804	3.21869
3 =	76.2002	0.914402	2.743205	4.82804
4 =	101.6002	1.219202	3.657607	6.43739
5 =	127.0003	1.524003	4.572009	8.04674
6 =	152.4003	1.828804	5.486411	9.65608
7 =	177.8004	2.133604	6.400813	11.26543
8 =	203.2004	2.438405	7.315215	12.87478
9 =	228.6005	2.743205	8.229616	14.48412

SQUARE.

	Square Inches to Square Centimetres.	Square Feet to Square Decimetres.	Square Yards to Square Metres.	Acres to Hectares.
1 =	6.452	9.290	0.836	0.4047
2 =	12.903	18.581	1.672	0.8094
3 =	19.355	27.871	2.508	1.2141
4 =	25.807	37.161	3.344	1.6187
5 =	32.258	46.452	4.181	2.0234
6 =	38.710	55.742	5.017	2.4281
7 =	45.161	65.032	5.853	2.8328
8 =	51.613	74.323	6.689	3.2375
9 =	58.065	83.613	7.525	3.6422

CUBIC.

	Cubic Inches to Cubic Centimetres.	Cubic Feet to Cubic Metres.	Cubic Yards to Cubic Metres.	Bushels to Hectolitres.
1 =	16.387	0.02832	0.765	0.35239
2 =	32.774	0.05663	1.529	0.70479
3 =	49.161	0.08495	2.294	1.05718
4 =	65.549	0.11327	3.058	1.40957
5 =	81.936	0.14158	3.823	1.76196
6 =	98.323	0.16990	4.587	2.11436
7 =	114.710	0.19822	5.352	2.46675
8 =	131.097	0.22654	6.116	2.81914
9 =	147.484	0.25485	6.881	3.17154

CAPACITY.

	Fluid Drachms to Millilitres or Cubic Centimetres.	Fluid Ounces to to Millilitres.	Quarts to Litres.	Gallons to Litres.
1 =	3.70	29.57	0.94636	3.78543
2 =	7.39	59.15	1.89272	7.57087
3 =	11.09	88.72	2.83908	11.35630
4 =	14.79	118.29	3.78543	15.14174
5 =	18.48	147.87	4.73179	18.92717
6 =	22.18	177.44	5.67815	22.71261
7 =	25.88	207.02	6.62451	26.49804
8 =	29.57	236.59	7.57087	30.28348
9 =	33.27	266.16	8.51723	34.06891

WEIGHT.

	Grains to Milligrammes.	Avoirdupois Ounces to Grammes.	Avoirdupois Pounds to Kilogrammes.	Troy Ounces to Grammes.
1 =	64.7989	28.3495	0.45359	31.10348
2 =	129.5978	56.6991	0.90719	62.20696
3 =	194.3968	85.0486	1.36078	93.31044
4 =	259.1957	113.3981	1.81437	124.41392
5 =	323.9946	141.7476	2.26796	155.51740
6 =	388.7935	170.0972	2.72156	186.62088
7 =	453.5924	198.4467	3.17515	217.72437
8 =	518.3914	226.7962	3.62874	248.82785
9 =	583.1903	255.1457	4.08233	279.93133

1 Gunter's chain	=	20.1168	metres
1 square statute mile	=	259.000	hectares
1 fathom	=	1.829	metres
1 nautical mile	=	1853.25	metres
1 foot = 0.304801 metre,		9.4840158	log.
1 avoirdupois pound	=	453.5924277	gramme
15432.35639 grains	=	1	kilogramme

METRIC TO CUSTOMARY.

LINEAR.

	Metres to Inches.	Metres to Feet.	Metres to Yards.	Kilometres to Miles.
1 =	39.3700	3.28083	1.093611	0.62137
2 =	78.7400	6.56167	2.187222	1.24274
3 =	118.1100	9.84250	3.280833	1.86411
4 =	157.4800	13.12333	4.374444	2.48548
5 =	196.8500	16.40417	5.468056	3.10685
6 =	236.2200	19.68500	6.561667	3.72822
7 =	275.5900	22.96583	7.655278	4.34959
8 =	314.9600	26.24667	8.748889	4.97096
9 =	354.3300	29.52750	9.842500	5.59233

SQUARE.

	Square Centimetres to Square Inches.	Square Metres to Square Feet.	Square Metres to Square Yards.	Hectares to Acres.
1 =	0.1550	10.764	1.196	2.471
2 =	0.3100	21.528	2.392	4.942
3 =	0.4650	32.292	3.588	7.413
4 =	0.6200	43.055	4.784	9.884
5 =	0.7750	53.819	5.980	12.355
6 =	0.9300	64.583	7.176	14.826
7 =	1.0850	75.347	8.372	17.297
8 =	1.2400	86.111	9.568	19.768
9 =	1.3950	96.875	10.764	22.239

CUBIC.

	Cubic Centimetres to Cubic Inches.	Cubic Decimetres to Cubic Inches.	Cubic Metres to Cubic Feet.	Cubic Metres to Cubic Yards.
1 =	0.0610	61.023	35.314	1.308
2 =	0.1220	122.047	70.629	2.616
3 =	0.1831	183.070	105.943	3.924
4 =	0.2441	244.094	141.258	5.232
5 =	0.3051	305.117	176.572	6.540
6 =	0.3661	366.140	211.887	7.848
7 =	0.4272	427.164	247.201	9.156
8 =	0.4882	488.187	282.516	10.464
9 =	0.5492	549.210	317.830	11.771

CAPACITY.

	Millimetres or Cubic Centimetres to Fluid Drachms.	Centilitres to Fluid Ounces.	Litres to Quarts.	Decalitres to Gallons.	Hectolitres to Bushels.
1 =	0.27	0.338	1.0567	2.6417	2.8377
2 =	0.54	0.676	2.1134	5.2834	5.6755
3 =	0.81	1.014	3.1700	7.9251	8.5132
4 =	1.08	1.353	4.2267	10.5668	11.3510
5 =	1.35	1.691	5.2834	13.2085	14.1887
6 =	1.62	2.029	6.3401	15.8502	17.0265
7 =	1.89	2.367	7.3968	18.4919	19.8642
8 =	2.16	2.705	8.4535	21.1336	22.7019
9 =	2.43	3.043	9.5101	23.7753	25.5397

WEIGHT.

	Milligrammes to Grains.	Kilogrammes to Grains.	Hectogrammes to Ounces Avoirdupois.	Kilogrammes to Pounds Avoirdupois.
1 =	0.01543	15432.36	3.5274	2.20462
2 =	0.03086	30864.71	7.0548	4.40924
3 =	0.04630	46297.07	10.5822	6.61387
4 =	0.06173	61729.43	14.1096	8.81849
5 =	0.07716	77161.78	17.6370	11.02311
6 =	0.09259	92594.14	21.1644	13.22773
7 =	0.10803	108026.49	24.6918	15.43236
8 =	0.12346	123458.85	28.2192	17.63698
9 =	0.13889	138891.21	31.7466	19.84160

	Quintals to Pounds Avoirdupois.	Milliers or tonnes to Pounds Avoirdupois.	Kilogrammes to Ounces Troy.
1 =	220.46	2204.6	32.1507
2 =	440.92	4409.2	64.3015
3 =	661.39	6613.9	96.4522
4 =	881.85	8818.5	128.6030
5 =	1102.31	11023.1	160.7537
6 =	1322.77	13227.7	192.9044
7 =	1543.24	15432.4	225.0552
8 =	1763.70	17637.0	257.2059
9 =	1984.16	19841.6	289.3567

Salutes are fired between sunrise and sunset, and, as a rule, never on Sunday. Salute to the Union, one gun for each state, fired at meridian, July 4th; the international salute, 21 guns.

The President, 21 guns, both on arriving at and departing from a military post.

On arriving at a military post:

The Vice-President and President of the Senate	19	guns
Members of the Cabinet, Chief Justice, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Governors in their respective states and territories, Committees of Congress visiting officially	17	"
Assistant Secretary of War	15	"
Sovereign or Chief Magistrate of a foreign state	21	"
Members of Royal Family	21	"
Viceroy, Governor-general, or Governors of provinces belonging to foreign states	17	"
Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	17	"
Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary	15	"
Ministers Resident accredited to the United States	13	"
ChargÉs d'Affaires or subordinate diplomatic agent in charge of mission in the United States	11	"
Consuls-general accredited to the United States	9	"
To General-in-Chief, Field-marshal, or Admiral	17	"
To Lieutenant-General or Vice-Admiral	15	"
To Major-General or Rear-Admiral	13	"
To Brigadier-General or Commodore	11	"

An officer on duty, according to brevet rank, receives the salute of that rank.

Officers of volunteers or militia are saluted only when in service of United States.

Officers on retired list are not saluted.

Officers of foreign services are saluted according to their rank.

TABLE FOR CALCULATING CLOTHING ACCOUNTS.

Take the numbers from the columns A and B corresponding to the date immediately preceding the date of the man's enlistment.

January.			February.			March.			April.			May.			June.			July.			August.			September			October.			November.			December.
Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B	Date.	A	B
1	1	180	1	32	149	1	60	121	1	91	90	1	121	60	1	152	29	1	1	183	1	32	152	1	63	121	1	93	91	1	124	60	1	154	30
2	2	179	2	33	148	2	61	120	2	92	89	2	122	59	2	153	28	2	2	182	2	33	151	2	64	120	2	94	90	2	125	59	2	155	29
3	3	178	3	34	147	3	62	119	3	93	88	3	123	58	3	154	27	3	3	181	3	34	150	3	65	119	3	95	89	3	126	58	3	156	28
4	4	177	4	35	146	4	63	118	4	94	87	4	124	57	4	155	26	4	4	180	4	35	149	4	66	118	4	96	88	4	127	57	4	157	27
5	5	176	5	36	145	5	64	117	5	95	86	5	125	56	5	156	25	5	5	179	5	36	148	5	67	117	5	97	87	5	128	56	5	158	26
6	6	175	6	37	144	6	65	116	6	96	85	6	126	55	6	157	24	6	6	178	6	37	147	6	68	116	6	98	86	6	129	55	6	159	25
7	7	174	7	38	143	7	66	115	7	97	84	7	127	54	7	158	23	7	7	177	7	38	146	7	69	115	7	99	85	7	130	54	7	160	24
8	8	173	8	39	142	8	67	114	8	98	83	8	128	53	8	159	22	8	8	176	8	39	145	8	70	114	8	100	84	8	131	53	8	161	23
9	9	172	9	40	141	9	68	113	9	99	82	9	129	52	9	160	21	9	9	175	9	40	144	9	71	113	9	101	83	9	132	52	9	162	22
10	10	171	10	41	140	10	69	112	10	100	81	10	130	51	10	161	20	10	10	174	10	41	143	10	72	112	10	102	82	10	133	51	10	163	21
11	11	170	11	42	139	11	70	111	11	101	80	11	131	50	11	162	19	11	11	173	11	42	142	11	73	111	11	103	81	11	134	50	11	164	20
12	12	169	12	43	138	12	71	110	12	102	79	12	132	49	12	163	18	12	12	172	12	43	141	12	74	110	12	104	80	12	135	49	12	165	19
13	13	168	13	44	137	13	72	109	13	103	78	13	133	48	13	164	17	13	13	171	13	44	140	13	75	109	13	105	79	13	136	48	13	166	18
14	14	167	14	45	136	14	73	108	14	104	77	14	134	47	14	165	16	14	14	170	14	45	139	14	76	108	14	106	78	14	137	47	14	167	17
15	15	166	15	46	135	15	74	107	15	105	76	15	135	46	15	166	15	15	15	169	15	46	138	15	77	107	15	107	77	15	138	46	15	168	16
16	16	165	16	47	134	16	75	106	16	106	75	16	136	45	16	167	14	16	16	168	16	47	137	16	78	106	16	108	76	16	139	45	16	169	15
17	17	164	17	48	133	17	76	105	17	107	74	17	137	44	17	168	13	17	17	167	17	48	136	17	79	105	17	109	75	17	140	44	17	170	14
18	18	163	18	49	132	18	77	104	18	108	73	18	138	43	18	169	12	18	18	166	18	49	135	18	80	104	18	110	74	18	141	43	18	171	13
19	19	162	19	50	131	19	78	103	19	109	72	19	139	42	19	170	11	19	19	165	19	50	134	19	81	103	19	111	73	19	142	42	19	172	12
20	20	161	20	51	130	20	79	102	20	110	71	20	140	41	20	171	10	20	20	164	20	51	133	20	82	102	20	112	72	20	143	41	20	173	11
21	21	160	21	52	129	21	80	101	21	111	70	21	141	40	21	172	9	21	21	163	21	52	132	21	83	101	21	113	71	21	144	40	21	174	10
22	22	159	22	53	128	22	81	100	22	112	69	22	142	39	22	173	8	22	22	162	22	53	131	22	84	100	22	114	70	22	145	39	22	175	9
23	23	158	23	54	127	23	82	99	23	113	68	23	143	38	23	174	7	23	23	161	23	54	130	23	85	99	23	115	69	23	146	38	23	176	8
24	24	157	24	55	126	24	83	98	24	114	67	24	144	37	24	175	6	24	24	160	24	55	129	24	86	98	24	116	68	24	147	37	24	177	7
25	25	156	25	56	125	25	84	97	25	115	66	25	145	36	25	176	5	25	25	159	25	56	128	25	87	97	25	117	67	25	148	36	25	178	6
26	26	155	26	57	124	26	85	96	26	116	65	26	146	35	26	177	4	26	26	158	26	57	127	26	88	96	26	118	66	26	149	35	26	179	5
27	27	154	27	58	123	27	86	95	27	117	64	27	147	34	27	178	3	27	27	157	27	58	126	27	89	95	27	119	65	27	150	34	27	180	4
28	28	153	28	59	122	28	87	94	28	118	63	28	148	33	28	179	2	28	28	156	28	59	125	28	90	94	28	120	64	28	151	33	28	181	3
29	29	152				29	88	93	29	119	62	29	149	32	29	180	1	29	29	155	29	60	124	29	91	93	29	121	63	29	152	32	29	182	2
30	30	151				30	89	92	30	120	61	30	150	31	30	181	0	30	30	154	30	61	123	30	92	92	30	122	62	30	153	31	30	183	1
31	31	150				31	90	91				31	151	30				31	31	153	31	62	122				31	123	61				31	184	0

CAMP FURNITURE.

The following-named articles, manufactured by the Gold Medal Camp Furniture Manufacturing Company, of Racine, Wis., can be obtained of furniture dealers:

Folding Camp-bed.—6 feet 2 inches long by 2 feet 4 inches wide. When folded, it is 3 feet 4 inches long by 5 inches wide. Weight, 14 pounds. Cost, $3.50. Mosquito-bar frame, 75 cents.

Folding Camp-table.—Top 2 feet 3 inches by 3 feet 2 inches. Will comfortably seat four persons. Folded it is 3 feet 2 inches long by 5 × 7 inches. Weight, 16 pounds. Cost, $3.75. Extra shelf, 75 cents.

Folding Camp-chair.—Folded, 3 feet long by 3 × 3 inches. Weight, 4½ pounds. Cost, $2.

Folding Camp-stool.—75 cents.

The attention of officers desiring such articles is called to the mess-chest and stove manufactured by H. K. Coale, 1223 Chamber of Commerce, Chicago Ill.

THE OFFICER'S FIELD MESS-CHEST FOR SIX PERSONS.

Size, 22 × 15 × 12 inches. Weight, 60 lbs. Price, $50.

CONTENTS.

SILVER-PLATED WARE.

1	quadruple-plated	butter-dish.
1	"	covered sugar-bowl.
1	"	creamer.
6	Rogers & Bros.	best	triple-plate	steel knives.
6	"	"	"	" forks.
6	"	"	"	tablespoons.
6	"	"	"	teaspoons.
1	"	"	"	butter-knife.
1	"	"	"	sugar-shell.
1	large	salt-shaker,	strong	glass.
1	"	pepper-shaker,	"	"
1	screw-top	oil-jug,	"	"
1	"	vinegar-jug,		"
1	[japanned] tray, 13 × 16 inches.
1	large corkscrew.
6	individual butter-shells.
1	brass bottle-tray.

WHITE ENAMELLED WARE.

6 cups.
6 saucers.
6 plates.
6 soup-bowls.
3 10-inch vegetable-dishes,	B. & W.	ware.
1 14-inch meat-platter,	"	"
1 16-inch meat-platter,	"	"
1 4-quart pitcher,	"	"
1 mustard-pot.
1 Sears' set carvers, 3 pieces, buck-horn handles.
1 best steel bread-knife.
1 new patent lemon-squeezer.
1 nickel-plated liquor-mixer.
1 agate-ware teapot.
1 syrup-jug.
6 snow-white enamel tumblers.
1 wire teapot-stand.

COALE'S CAMP-STOVE AND OUTFIT.

Sold with or without chest.

This chest is made very strong, with metal corners, size 13 × 19 × 28 inches. Contains: 1 stove with oven (stove is 26 × 17½ × 11 inches; has 4 cast-iron 7-inch lids; oven is 8 × 16½ × 10½ inches), 4 lengths pipe, 1 elbow, 1 baking-pan, 1 frying-pan, 1 basting-spoon, 3 camp-kettles, 1 wash-bowl, 6 iron knives, forks, and spoons, 6 white enamel cups, 6 white enamel saucers, 1 carving-knife and fork, 1 tea-kettle, 1 saucepan, 1 poker, 1 wire broiler, 1 cake-turner, 1 basting-fork. This outfit is for rough and ready service, and can be thrown into a wagon on short notice.

Price of outfit as above, with oven, packed in pine box	$15.00
Same with chest	25.00

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