Kusagusa no uta. Hatsuse no Asakura no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumeramikoto no mi-yo.

1

1 mo yo, interjectional phrase of mingled admiration and entreaty.

6 na, herbs. ko, girl, ko in 1, 2 = basket or satchel.

7 norase, honour-causative imperative.

8 norasane, hortative form of honour-causative with particle ne; it implies some degree of respect.

9 A makura kotoba (m. k.) applied to yama (Yamato).

12 are = ware; koso wore, emphatic declarative of woru, be, be in, at, &c.

13 Almost equivalent to 11 oshinabete = oshi nabikasete, causing all to acknowledge my power and protection.

16 se = brother, husband, lover.

17 na here and in 8 = name.

vv. 1-6 lead up to ko the first climax; 7-14 to the second climax; 15-17 to the final climax. 1-6 furnish a good instance of the reversed order of words in the Japanese sentence.

For soramitsu see List m. k.

Takechi no Woka no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi yo.

2

Sumera mikoto no Kagu yama ni noborimashite kunimi shitamaheru toki mi yomimaseru ohomi uta.

6 The logical subject is, I the Mikado.

11 so is, perhaps, oftener written zo.

For Akitsushima see List m. k.

3

Sumeramikoto no Uchi no nu mi kari shitamaheru toki Nakachi Himemiko no Hashihito no Muraji Oyu wo shite tatematsurase tamafu uta.

6 i, a prefix of which the value is lost.

9 nari here means sound, twang.

12 tatasurashi = tatsuramu.

2 Uchi may = utsutsu, or possibly ude, arm.

For yasumishishi, mi torashi no, adzusa no yumi and tamakiharu see List of m. k. The m. k. it must be remembered are epithets, or expressions in the nature of epithets, only. Thus 7, 8 and 15, 16 are simply double m. k. of nari, indeed nari hazu no is almost another m. k. of oto.

4 fumasuramu = fumamu.

4

Sanuki no kuni Aya no kohori ni idemaseru toki Ikusa no Ohokimi no yama wo mite yomitamaheru uta.

In the dai the no after Ohokimi is read with yomi … uta. In 3 and 22 ni is rather a verbal form (nu) than a postposition.

8 uranage = uchi ni nageki, inwardly, profoundly, lamenting.

10 kake (kakuru) a verb of wide connotation, fundamentally, hang on or over, suspend, put to, forth or on, [kotoba wo] kake, utter, as here.

18 kaherahinureba = kaherinureba.

19 masurawo is said to be ma-ara shi-wo, right-bold-man, or better (more grammatically) masa (or masu)-ara-wo, which has the same meaning.

22 shi is a particle of emphasis.

23 omohi-yaru, thought-send-away, get rid of (unpleasing) thoughts; omohi, common throughout the Lays, means think, think affectionately or regretfully of, &c.

3 nuru yo ochizu, without missing a sleeping night.

5 kakete = kokoro ni kakete, bearing in mind. shinubu is to love, yearn for, regret. omohi is the more general term, shinubu more special, shitahi, affection, kofuru, kohi, &c., love of men and women. But these connotations are not strictly adhered to.

5

Nakachi no Ohoye no [Afumi no miya ni shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto] Mitsu yama no mi uta.

In the dai … meshishi is the participial past form of mesu. Care must be taken to distinguish between this shi and such a terminational shi as narurashi (6), koshi (4).

1 Read Kaguyama ha Unebi wo yeshi to (te) Miminashi to ahi arisohi.

4 Observe the past form in ki.

6 narurashi = naramu, nearly.

7 inishi-he = passed away period, i.e. ancient.

10 A three-syllable verse.

11 supply mono nari.

1 A mistake in the script, it should be Kaguyama.

4 mi, see.

Afumi no Ohotsu no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi yo.

6

Sumera mikoto uchi no ohomahetsu kimi Fujihara no Asomi ni mikotonori shite haru yama no hana no iro aki yama no momichi no nihohi wo arasohashimetamafu toki Nukata no Ohokimi no uta mochite kotowaritamaheru sono uta.

4 ki-nakinu, come-sing-finished, the past in nu.

6, 7 Read as if hana mo sake yama mo shigedo.

10 toramu to mo mizu.

12 ko = ki, tree.

13 momitsu, momi, is red.

16 nageku, naga-iki, sigh, with pleasure or pain.

17 tanushi, tanoshiki.

18 are, ware.

For fuyukomori see List m. k.

7

Nukata no Ohokimi no Afumi no kuni ni kudaritamaheru toki yomitamaheru uta.

6 kakuru, to be hidden.

10 yukamu [mono] wo [omohite].

15 kakusubeshi.

For umasake and awoniyoshi see List m. k.

Maki I Naka

Asuka no Kiyomihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

8

Sumera mikoto no mi-yomimaseru ohomi uta.

1 mi = ma, true, excellent, almost Greek e?-.

13 Read michi wo with kuru.

Fujihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

9

Afumi no aretaru miyako wo yuku Kakinomoto no Asomi Hitomaro ga yomeru uta.

See vol. of translations.

The m. k. apply to the words following them, but (1) to Une[bi], (19) to aha of Afumi.

For tamatasuki, tsuganokino, soramitsu, awoniyoshi, amazakaru, ihabashiru, sasanami, kasumitatsu, momoshiki see List m. k.

2 Note the jingle Karasaki " sakiku.

10

Yoshinu no miya ni idemaseru toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta (futatsu) kaheshi uta (hitotsu).

3 kikoshiwosu; wosu is to eat; kikoshi, honour-causative intensitive of kiku, hear, have sensation of, taste, judge, &c.; the whole = kikoshimesu, to be supreme over, govern. The idea, perhaps, was that of the chief having complete control of all the wealth of the tribe originally for the subsistence of himself and his gesyth.

5 shi mo, a pair of emphatic particles. Shi perhaps was originally this or that, or this or that self (or it may be root of suru, to do, act); mo is merely, also, too. Shi mo almost = naho.

6 saha, abundant. The homonym saha also means a marshy valley-bottom, in Japano-Chinese taku. Hence by a rebus-wise use of the Chinese character taku continued with san mountain (yama) came to be takusan, a common word for much, many.

11 For hana-chiru.

19 kihohi = kisohi (gihohi).

26 taki or tagi = cascade, rapids, descriptive of neighbourhood of the miyako.

27 ka mo, an elliptical expression, omofu being understood, almost = mo gana.

For yasumishishi, mikokorowo, momoshikino see List m. k.

11

3 kamu = kami.

4 kamu sabi sesu, sabi is viewed in the Kogi as contraction of shika-buri. More likely sabi is connected with sabu (shiki) and samushi.

8 takashiri …, to exercise high rule.

13 yamatsumi, compare watatsumi (yama-wata-tsu [ka] mi), mountain gods. I prefer this to Dr. Florenz’s etymology (F. I. 39).

16 kazashi = kami-sashi, stick in, or wear on, the hair.

24 to set up a cormorant-stream, i.e. provide cormorants and their keepers.

5 desesu = idasu, i.e. funade wo seshimu.

The m. k. (11) applies rather to yama.

For yasumishishi and tatanadzuku see List m. k.

12

Karu no miko no Aki no nu ni yadorimaseru toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta.

1, 2, 3 are introductory to hi no miko.

12 Supply yukuni after wo.

14 shimoto, brushwood, bushes.

14, 22 oshinabe = oshinabikasu, push-bend-down. shinu = shinaheru, intensifies the meaning; shinu, shinubu, shinaheru, shinahi, shinadaru are all etymologically and logically connected.

19 mi = utsukushii.

21 A tall full-spiked grass, probably an Arundo or Miscanthus.

22 shita ni oshi-fuse-nabikasu sama, shinu connected with shinahe, shinubu.

25 omohoshite.

The m. k. (9) applies to Hatsuse no yama.

For yasumishishi, takahikaru, komorikuno, makitatsu, sakatorino, kagirohino, kusamakura see List m. k.

Maki I Shimo

13

Fujihara no miya tsukuri ni tateru tami no yomeru uta.

8 meshi, mishi (miru).

8, 10 Supply omote after to.

10 Equivalent to shiroshimesu = here, to give high command for.

12 omohosu nabe; nabe has force of tsurete (together with).

12, 13, 14 to be read together.

14 are = areba.

25 so = sore (tsumade).

26 Or sawagu.

31 aga = tami.

34 The meaning is made clear by passing to v. 40, and reading the intervening verses as a parenthesis.

47 narashi, I take = naramu, nearly.

The m. k. (5) applies to Fuji[hara], (17) to Ta[nakami], (43) to i[kada]; i = 50.

For yasumishishi, takahikaru, arataheno, ihabashiru, koromodeno, makisaku, mononofuno, tamamonasu, momotarazu see List m. k.

14

Fujihara no miya no mi-wi no uta.

4 hi no miko is the Queen-Regnant Jito, the subject of all the verbs down to tamaheba (v. 12).

15 hi no tate must here mean the East, and hi no yoko (21), lit. the noon-sun direction, must mean the West.

27 sotomo, hinder, shady, or north face.

33 kagetomo, light or south face. The exact distribution, however, of the meaning of these terms is not quite clear; hinotate, hi no yoke, sotomo, kagetomo.

37, 39 I take the ya as interjectional.

39 ame-shiru, heaven-rule.

40 I take the no as connecting 37-40 with midzu in 41. The text is not easy, and the Kogi seems to me rather to shirk the main difficulties.

3 are-tsugu = arahare-tsugu, be manifest, i.e. follow in succession.

For yasumishishi, takahikaru, arataheno, ameshiruya see List m. k.

[Nara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.]

15

[Aru hon] Fujihara no miyako yori Nara no miya ni utsurimaseru toki no uta.

32 kimi is the friend who has removed to the new capital.

5 omofu.

For komorikuno, tamahokono, awoniyoshi see List m. k.

Maki II Kami

Shitashimi uta. Asuka no Kiyomihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

16, 17

Hitomaro ga Ihami no kuni yori me ni wakarete mawinoboru toki uta futatsu.

16

1 mi, umi, sea.

2 mi, neighbourhood, tract.

5 kata, land dry at low tide.

21 with the motion of the waves.

28 yaso, lit. 80 = many, all.

35 Read with nayete.

39 nabike, has imperative meaning.

3 ko is tree.

5 mitsuramu = shall have seen?

2 mi-yama = great hills. saya ni, murmurously.

5 Read before 4. The m. k. (35) applies to nayete.

For isanatori, tamamonasu, tsuyushimono, natsukusano see List m. k.

17

1 ivy-grown.

3 to utter words indistinctly. There is a word-fancy here, Kara being the name of a division of Korea. At this period of Japanese history Korean immigrations were frequent. See Aston’s Nihongi.

5 ikuri = black mud at bottom of sea or pool. (K. 285, LXXIV, N. 269, where it is translated ‘rocks’.)

6 fukamiru = deep-sea miru (a kind of sea-weed).

11, 12 A word-fancy on fukamiru and fukamete.

15 Parting is likened to stripping ivy from its rock.

16, 17 A combination of heart and liver to express mind and feeling.

27 The m. k. tsumagomoru (wife-secluding) applied to the homophon ya (house) of Yakami cannot be rendered.

31 Must be read parenthetically.

The m. k. (1) is applied to Iha[mi], of (33) to hi.

For tsunusahafu, kotosaheku, tamamonasu, fukamiruno, kimomukafu, ohobuneno, amatsutafu, shikitaheno see List m. k.

Maki II Naka

Afumi no Ohotsu no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

18

Sumera mikoto kamuagarimaseru toki wominame ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

There are no m. k.

1 shi is the usual emphatic or slightly illative form-word. Utsusemi, utsusomi = utsutsu or wotsutsu mi.

2 taheneba, taheru, be able to, capable of, &c.

4 For asa, mawi may be read.

13 Observe force of tsuru implying that the vision is still in part existent, unforgotten.

12 kiso = kisu = sakujitsu.

For utsusemi see List m. k.

19

Sumera mikoto no oho-araki no toki no uta yotsu [sono uchi] Ohokisaki no mi-uta hitotsu.

12 tsuma = otto.

1-5 are introductory, 6-10 hortatory, 11-13 give the motive, 13 being the climax.

For isanatori and wakakusano see List m. k.

20

Yamashina no mi-sasagi yori agareru toki Nukata no Ohokimi yomitamaheru uta hitotsu.

2 wago = waga.

3 ya = yo.

4 Read this line in connexion with 13, 14, 15.

For yasumishishi and momoshiki see List m. k.

Asuka no Kiyomihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

21

Sumera mikoto no kamuagarimaseru toki Ohokisaki no yomimaseru mi-uta hitotsu.

There are pauses after each of the forms in rashi and mashi.

4 meshi = mishi, hon. caus.

1-12 form an introduction to 13 ff.

For yasumishishi and arataheno see List m. k.

Fujihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

22

Hinami no miko no mikoto no araki no miya no toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

5 yaho, eight hundred, i.e. countless.

9 agachi = wakachi (tsu).

18 kihami, in sense of kagiri, extent.

46 yomo, the four quarters, in or from every quarter.

53 tsuremonaki, alone, unattended.

57 mi araka seems to mean here a new royal palace.

60 mi koto, royal words or commands. tohasazu; tohasu = tofu, converse, speak with.

62 maneku = many.

Line 23 refers to Ninigi no mikoto, line 30 to Temmu tennÔ, 37 ohokimi is Hinami no miko (see XIX, notes).

For hisakata, amakumono, takahikaru, ohobuneno, amatsumidzu see List m. k.

23

[Kahashima no miko no araki no miya no toki] Hitomaro ga Hatsusebe no hime miko to [Osakabe no miko] tatematsureru uta hitotsu.

6 furafu = furu.

9 = nabiku.

10 tsuma, karizhi for otto.

11 nikihada = nikoyaka, yaharaku naru hada.

16 aruramu = areru, to waste, desolate.

19 kedashiku = moshi.

For tobutorino, tamamonasu, tatanadzuku, tsurugitachi, nubatamano, tamatareno, kusamakura see List m. k.

24

Takechi no miko no mikoto no Kinohe no araki no miya no toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

1 kakemaku = kakemu (koto), about to utter.

5 ihamaku = ihemu (koto), about to say.

8 amatsu mikado, heavenly palace, tomb or mortuary chapel or barrow of Temmu at Ohouchi (N. II. 387).

14 ohokimi = Temmu.

16 sotomo, outer or back face, i.e. north (Mino).

19 komatsurugi is m. k. of Wa(zami).

22 amori, ama ori, descend from heaven.

27 The m. k. applies to A(dzuma).

35 The miko is Takechi.

36 maki = makase, charge with.

37 ohomi mi, great self.

42 Pause at end of this line.

59 under force of the wind.

60 Another pause.

62 yumi no hadzu.

66 ka = kaze.

69 Another pause.

73 Pause.

84 Read this line after 86.

88 Pause, but taken as a sort of pivot, may be connected with Midzuho no kuni in the next line.

90 A god, as god.

93 ohokimi is JitÔ.

95 The indirect object of mawoshi … is not expressed, it is JitÔ (A.D. 690-6).

98 A quibble is seen by some commentators in yufu (ifu).

101 miko no mikado, the mortuary chapel of Takechi.

102 kamu miya, as a god-shrine.

105 the watchers.

108-9 The hara before the Kagu yama no miya (143).

116 ohotono, the mikado already mentioned.

129 yu = yori.

130 hafuri, officials at funerals and interments; hafuru, to conduct obsequies.

132 m. k. of Ki[nohe].

137 pause.

139 ohokimi must be Takechi.

142 tsukurishi.

145 would outlast, they think belike.

149 [kokoro ni] kakete.

150 Read before 148.

The syntax of this lay is not always clear. The Kogi in its explanation does not refer to JitÔ, and almost seems to regard the mawoshi of 95 as addressed to Temmu.

For hisakatano, yasumishishi, komatsurugi, toriganaku, chihayaburu, fuyukomori, tsuyushimono, yukatorino, yufuhanano, shirotaheno, akanesasu, nubatamano, udzuranasu, harutorino, kotosaheku, asamoyoshi, tamatasuki see List m. k.

Maki II Shimo

25

Yuge no miko no sugimaseru toki Okisome no Adzuma-hito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

4 iho he, 500 folds, countless folds or layers; shita = ura, within or behind.

For yasumishishi, takahikaru, hisakatano, amakumono see List m. k.

26

Asuka no himemiko no Kinohe no araki no miya no toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

vv. 1-14 compare the Princess with the mo and hint at her death, the water-weeds will be renewed in due course, but she will not come back to life; 15 is best understood by being read in connexion with 24; 16-21 describe the grace of the Princess; 22-26 suggest the fault of the Prince which interrupted the relations of the pair; 27-42 describe the happiness of the pair during the Princess’ life; 43-60 picture the grief of the Prince at her loss, and 61 to end add the reflections of the poet.

The m. k. (1) applies to Asu[ka], of (43) to Ki[nohe], of (47) to me (taken as contraction of mure), of (55) to nayete.

For tobutorino, utsusomi, shikitaheno, kagaminasu, mikemukafu, ajisahafu, asatorino, natsukusano, yufudzudzuno, ohobuneno see List m. k.

27-28

Hitomaro ga me no mi-makarishi nochi kanashimi yomeru uta futatsu.

1 ya = yo.

3 waga imoko.

6 miru koto wo hoshiku omohedo.

8 = hito me ga ohoki, wo often thus used with forms in mi.

9 tabitabi yukaba.

13, 14 A word-quibble may, possibly, be intended, omohi omoki.

15, 16 These form a sort of m. k. of komori.

26 has passed away (died).

36 chihe no hitohe, one plait of a thousand plaits (or layers or parts) = one thousandth.

40 imo ga kimi wo yamazu idemishi Kami, &c.

51 sube wo nami, cp. 8, hito me wo ohomi.

2 (second hanka) nabe has force of together with, upon.

For amatobuya, sanekadzura, ohobuneno, tamadzusano, tamatasuki, nakutorino, tamahokono see List m. k.

28

vv. 1-11 are introductory to imo; 12-16 declare impossibility of escaping the fate of all mankind; 17-20 refer to the funeral of the imo; 21-24 to her burial; 25-32 to the father’s endeavour to comfort the child; 33-42 to the desolation of his home; 43 to end to the ascent of the hill of interment in the vain hope of seeing her spirit.

2 omohishi, here, as often, is little more than narishi.

22 i-mashite, i is here merely a prefix.

30 shi is an emphatic particle.

31 zhi = nasu (so in 21).

34 A past of neru.

42 A common phrase = shikata ga nai.

52 = yoki, koto naki.

55 Note the application of the m. k. to ho(noka). Read the latter verses as honoka ni sahe mo imo ga miyenu wo omoheba kurushiku hatarakite koshi kahi mo naku yoki koto so naki.

5 Written wooden (ko) pillow—I venture to read it as (ko) little pillow.

For utsusemi, kagirohino, shirotaheno, irihinasu, makuradzuku, ohotorino, tamahokono see List m. k.

29

Shinatsu no unebe ga mi-makareru toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

vv. 1-6 introduction; 7-16 impermanence of life; 17-20 regret of poet at news of death (hinted at rather than directly stated) of the uneme; 21 to end climatic lament over an untimely death.

2 shitaberu = wilt, wither, droop; akiyama no shitaberu imo, drooping as the flaccid leafage in autumn on the hills: but see translation.

1, 2 and 3, 4 are parallelisms reminding one of Hebrew and Chinese poetry, there are several other examples in this uta.

4 kora seems to be a plural form of honour.

8 The wo at the end, which has a stray look, may be understood here (as often elsewhere in the Anthology) by supplying omoheba or some form of the verb omofu. The various ha in this uta exemplify the effect of the particle as suggesting a predicate of the isolated word or expression.

18 The news has come to me who only slightly knew her by sight yet am full of regret.…

22 making mutually pillows of each other’s arms.

26 tsuma = otto; ko is honour-title.

31 toki narazu, untimely.

1 Sasanami involves the homophonous m. k. sasanami.

3 (hanka I) makari nishi = makari-inishi, gone away, died.

For nayotakeno, takunahano, adzusayumi, shikitaheno, tsurugitachi, wakakusano see List m. k.

30

Sanuki no [kuni] ni Samine no shima nite isobe no shinihito wo mite Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

vv. 3, 5 kara must be so read, not gara—it is perhaps a form of nagara.

9 tari-yukamu, be perfect; read this line after next.

11 Read with Naka.

15 lit. time-wind or seasonable or fair wind, but probably also seaward and landward winds more or less accompanying morning and evening tides.

24 hiki-ori = draw-break, i.e. by moving the steering oar right or left break the straight course of the vessel.

30 ihori, iho-wori.

31 ’to for oto.

40 may be read as = kimashi mo taha-mashi (koto wo omohite).

43 gloomily, wretchedly.

45 Plural of tsuma (used as honour-plural?).

2 tagemashi = tabe mashi, goes with uhagi.

5 Equivalent to sugi nikeri, affirmatively.

5 naseru is read assumptively with kimi.

For tamamoyoshi, isanatori, shikitaheno, tamahokono see List m. k.

Nara no miya ni [amenoshita] shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

31

Riyauki hazhime no toshi ki no to no u nagatsuki Shiki no miko no sugimaseru toki yomeru uta hitotsu.

10 toheba, subject is are of 18.

18 kataraku, subject is hito of 12; so of katareba 23.

20 iheru refers to toheba of 10.

For adzusayumi, tamahokono, shirotaheno see List m. k.

Maki III Kami

Kusagusa no uta.

32

Naga no miko no Kariji nu ni mikari shitamaheru toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

7 A m. k. applied to Kari[ji] as = kari, mow, reap.

For yasumishishi, takahikaru, wakakomono, hisakatano, masokagami see List m. k.

33

Kamo no Kimitari-hito ga Kaguyama no uta hitotsu.

11 he seems here to be simply apocopated uhe.

2 araku is verbal subst. of aru.

For amoritsuku, kasumitatsu, momoshiki see List m. k.

34

Hitomaro ga Nihitabe no miko ni tatematsureru uta hitotsu.

9 Here yuki is ‘snow,’ as in 4; in 10 it is ‘go, come.’

For yasumishishi, takahikaru, hisakatano see List m. k.

35

Yayohi bakari Yoshinu no totsu-miya ni idemaseru toki naka no mono-mawosu tsukasa Ohotomo no mahetsukimi (Ohotomo no kiyau) mikotonori wo uketamaharite yomitamaheru uta hitotsu.

5 kara, cp. nagara; also kare, reason, cause.

6 arashi = arurashi.

36

Yamabe no Sukune Akahito ga Fujinoyama wo mite [yomeru] uta hitotsu.

37

Fuji no yama wo yomeru uta hitotsu.

18 lit. one can give no adequate name to Fuji.

21 Read with 24.

For namayomino, amakumono see List m. k.

38

Akahito ga Iyo no yu ni yukite yomeru uta hitotsu.

1-14 refer to Uhe no miya (ShÔtoku Taishi).

4 All the provinces or lands.

9 kogoshi applies to Iyo no takane.

39

Kamiwoka ni noborite Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

1-10 are introductory to Asuka no furuki miyako.

13-22 describe the miyako.

23-25 express the poet’s regret.

1-3 are introductory to 4.

5 lit. there is no kohi (affection) from which may be chased thoughts (of the past).

For tsuganokino, tamakadzura, tatsukirino see List m. k.

Maki III, Naka

40

Tsunuga no tsu nite fune ni noreru toki Kasa no Asomi Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

12 After keburi supply areba.

16 nami is nashi, not—miru-(koto) shiru (koto) shi nashi. Another reading, however, is possible.

17-19 are introductory to kakete (20), as the arm-bands are set to the arms of the sea-god (or arm-bands to those who serve the god?), to my heart is set regret for Yamato. The m. k. (9) applies to Ta(yuhi); 17, 18 are epithetical of tama, part of the m. k. tamatasuki applied to kakete (20).

21 shimane is a designation of Yamato.

For isanatori, masurawono, kusamakura, and tamatasuki see List m. k.

41

Akahito ga Kasuga nu ni noborite yomeru uta hitotsu.

1 See N. i. 402, the second lay. Perhaps wo should be, as there, no.

5 not missing a morning.

17 standing or lying down, i.e. continually. The m. k. (3) applies to Mi[kasa] taken as mi, person.

For haruhiwo, takakurano, kumowinasu see List m. k.

42

Ohotomo no Sakanohe no Iratsume ga kami matsuri no uta hitotsu.

3 are, arahare, koshi past of ki(kuru).

6 Cleyera japonica.

7 shiraga (shirage) might mean white, or pure tresses.

18 are, ware.

For hisakata see List m. k.

43

Tsukubane ni noborite Tajihi no Mabito Kunihito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

1-11 are introductory to 12, after wo supply omohite or omoheba.

7 double-peaked.

14, 15 are interpolations of Keichiu.

16 Explained by Kogi as = toki naranu toki tote—the snow is lasting later than usual down to the second month where the ascent is made.

For toriganaku, fuyukomori see List m. k.

44

Tabi no uta hitotsu.

7 See notes translation.

13 shiho-sawi, shiho-saki, flood-tide.

19 samorafu (saburafu) here means haberu.

22 kigishi [ha yo] akenu (past of akuru).

4 kohoshiku, kohishiku.

5 saha ni, in flocks or flights, numerous.

For wimachitsuki see List m. k.

Maki III, Shimo

Kanashimi uta.

45

Ihata no Ohokimi usetamaheru toki Nifu no Ohokimi no yomitamaheru uta hitotsu.

1 oyodzure and tahagoto seem nearly synonymous, the former rather ‘false’, the latter ‘vain’ news.

For nayutakeno, sanidzurafu, komorikuno, tamadzusano, amakumono, hisakatano, Isonokami see List m. k.

46

Oyazhi [Ihata no Ohokimi use-tamaheru] toki Yamakuma no Ohokimi kanashimi yomimaseru uta hitotsu.

[In dai] oyazhi = onazhi.

4 hito is Ihata.

6 The subject is the poet.

For tsunusahafu (m. k. of iha in Ihare) hafukudzuno see List m. k.

47

Katsushika no Mama wotome ga haka wo tohoreru toki Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

2 hito = a suitor.

5 The translation is based on the Kogi explanation.

For matsuganeno see List m. k.

48

Temuhiyau (TempyÔ) hazhime no toshi tsuchi no to mi Tsu no kuni no Agachi-da no Fumihito Hasetsukabe no Tatsumaro ga wanakishi toki matsurigoto hito (Hanguwan) Ohotomo no Sukune Minaka ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

4 hito = Tatsumaro.

7 to, soto.

28 mase, koso mase.

38 hito, household of Tatsumaro.

48 aritsuru, goes on or went on being.

50 = omohimaseba.

51 m. k. of yo.

52 m. k. of okite.

For amakumono, tamakadzura, tarachineno, tsutsuzhihana, nihodorino, ohokimino, oshiteru, aratamano, shirotaheno, tsuyushimono see List m. k.

49

[Temuhiyau (TempyÔ)] nana tose to ifu toshi kinoto no wi Ohotomo no Sakanohe no Iratsume ga ama no Riguwamu (Rigwan) no mi-makareru wo kanashimi yomeru uta hitotsu.

5 Converse, utter, talk with.

8 The subject is Rigwan, also of verbs in 25, 26.

26 After mono supply omohite or omoheba.

34 hodoni = whilst.

36 sqq. The subject of the verbs is the party of mourners who accompany the corpse of Rigwan.

44 Subject of tamotohori (go up and down, to and fro) is Sakanohe.

For takutsunu, uchihisasu, nakukonasu, shikitaheno, aratamano, kusamakura, ashihikino see List m. k.

50

Mata Yakamochi ga yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

3 so = sore.

10 Supply omohite (oheba).

4 i is prefix.

5 ’kite = okite.

1 Read mishi with hana.

For mikamonasu, utsusemino, tsuyushimono, ashihikino, irihinasu, atomonaki see List m. k.

51-52

(Oyazhi) to tose amari mu tose to ifu toshi kinoye saru kisaragi Asaka no miko no sugitamaheru toki uchi-toneri Ohotomo no Sukune Yakamochi yomeru uta mutsu.

24 koshi, coffin.

For uchinabiku, hisakatano, ashihikino see List m. k.

52

For mononofuno, masurawono, tsurugitachi, sabahenasu, shirotaheni (equiv. shirotaheno) see List m. k.

53

Usetaru me wo kanashimi Takahashi no Asomi ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

47 yosuka is better than yosuga.

For shirotaheno, tamanowono see List m. k.

Maki IV, Kami

Shitashimi uta.

54

Wokamoto no Sumera mikoto no mi-yomimaseru [ohomi] uta hitotsu.

2 are = arahare.

15 akashitsuru.

4 we, an exclamation of pain or regret.

For ajimurano see List m. k.

55

Tajihi no Mabito Kasamaro ga Tsukushi no kuni ni kudaru toki yomeru uta hitotsu.

1-3 are introductory to mi (Mitsu).

45 nanori-so involves a word-play with norazu (47).

For kagaminasu, sanidzurafu, nakutadzuno, awohatano, amazakaru, shirotahe see List m. k.

56

Aki no Obokimi no uta hitotsu.

5-7 sora, metaphorical for state, condition.

9 sora, atmosphere, what exists between heaven and earth.

19 ima = tadaima (nuper).

20 mo ga mo = mo gana?

For tamahokono see List m. k.

57

Zhimuki (Jinki) hazhime no toshi kinoye ne kaminadzuki Ki no kuni ni idemaseru toki mi-tomo no hito ni okuramu tame wotome ni atsuraherayete Kasa no Asomi Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

12 Ki-ji = Kii no michi.

17, 18 Read a wo ba shitashikeku omohazu.

23 asoso or azoso = usu-usu = wadzukani—asoso ni ha shire … katsu ha … but the text here appears corrupt.

For mononofuno, amatobuya, tamatasuki, asamoyoshi, kusamakura see List m. k.

58

Futatose to ifu toshi (Zhimuki = Jinki) kinoto no ushi yayohi Mika no hara no totsumiya idemaseru toki wotome wo yete Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

12 kotoyoseru strictly means to pretend, but I take it as involving a committal (of the lover’s fortunes) to the gods.

19 ari koso ne (kibÔ no kotoba), Oh, that it might or may be so!

For tamahokono, amakumono, shikitaheno see List m. k.

59

Sakanohe no Iratsume ga urami no uta hitotsu.

1, 2 Introductory to nemokoro.

4 kikoshite = notamahite.

12 This line serves as m. k. to the next.

13 swerving neither this nor that way.

29 akarabiku, the ra is of unknown value, perhaps = akarashiki wo hiku, lead in earliest dawn.

For oshiteru, masokagami, ohobuneno, chihayaburu, utsusemino, tamadzusano, nubatamano, akarabiku, tawarahano see List m. k.

Maki IV, Shimo

60

Sakanohe no Iratsume ga Tomi no todokoro yori ihe ni todomareru musume no Oho Iratsume ni okureru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

1 though ’tis not as though I went to the Eternal Land, yet on parting with thee at the door overcome with grief was I, &c.

14 as ’tis of no avail to love thee.

17 ari katemashi wo = ari-katai koto kana!

4 nane = nanzhi ane, a term of endearment and respect.

5 Read kofureba so nane ga &c.

For nubatamano, asakamino see List m. k.

Maki V, Kami

61

Kanashimi no Yamato-uta hitotsu.

For shiranuhi, nakukonasu, nihotorino see List m. k.

62

Madoheru kokoro wo kahesashimuru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

5 Supply koto, must not be avoided or shirked.

6, 8, 9, 10 The relations indicated are meant.

15 A sort of proverb.

19 i.e. trampling on the ethical rules (of Confucianism).

22, 23 are heptasyllabic, they conclude the first part of the lay.

23 nanji ga na wo na-norasane.

25 na = nanji.

35 mahora, kuni no is an emphatic expression for kuni, land; mahora seems to mean mountain-secluded, central, or recessed portion of land.

5 nari, occupation, duty in life; shimasani = shimasane.

For mochitorino, amakumono, hisakatano see List m. k.

63

Kora wo shinubu uta hitotsu.

7 manakahi = ma na kahi = me no ahida ni sono omokage no musamusa to kakarite.

64

Yo no naka no todomarigataki wo kanashimeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

8 seme.

10 sabi, shika buri, wont, wonted art or fashion.

14 furi-kahashi, flutter their sleeves together.

17 yochi, of like age.

22 pass away.

24 ka is intensitive prefix.

25 at some time or other.

27 ni no ho, ruddy-ear (of grain) like.

39 shitsu kura, saddle of patterned &c. Japanese stuff.

40 mount and ride.

45 close-shut wooden doors.

47 grope.

49 tama-de, fine arms.

52 hand-supporting-staff.

58 = oyoso.

1-8 this fleeting world.

9-31 passing character of woman’s charms.

32-62 impermanence of man’s strength and joys.

For momokusani, shirotaheno, kurenawino, minanowata, masurawono, matamadeno, tamakiharu, tokihanasu, see List m. k.

65

Yamanohe no Omi Okura ga Chinkwai-seki wo yomeru uta hitotsu.

16 gane = gani = yÔ.

17, 18 Epithetical of Fuka(ye).

19 umi no kami = umibe.

21 her own royal hand.

22 = oku.

25 kushi, wondrous; mitama, matama, right precious jewels, or right-soul.

27 ro, see grammar.

For watanosoko see List m. k.

Maki V, Shimo

66

Tsukushi no michi no kuchi (Chikuzen) no mikoto mochi no kami Yamanohe no Okura ga Kumagori ni kaharite sono kokorozashi wo noburu uta ni tsutsushimite nazorafuru uta mutsu mata zho.

16 mi = mahari, or tract, vicinity.

For uchihisasu, tarachishino, tamahokono see List m. k.

67

Hinkiu mondou no uta.

68

Yamanohe no Okura tonzhiu tsutsushimite tatematsuru [kÔ-kyo-kÔrai] no uta hitotsu.

7 the spirit or genius of language.

22 mawoshi, govern, administer.

23 Cp. the Spanish hidalgo.

34 ushi-haki (nushi-haki) = girt with dominion.

61 = tsutsuganaku, free from trouble or anxiety.

For soramitsu, takahikaru, hisakatano, ajinosumu see List m. k.

69

(Roshin jiubyÔ) toshi wo hete kurushimi mata kora wo omofu uta itsutsu (nagauta hitotsu).

5 mo here is mourning.

9 = itodoshiku.

19 ra, a separated plural affix (rare).

26 ya = yoru.

30 shinamu.

33 sutsuru.

For tamakiharu, sabahenasu see List m. k.

70

Furuhi wo kofuru uta mitsu (naga uta hitotsu mizhika-uta futatsu).

48 nuka = hitai.

53 tachi-azari, wander about distractedly.

55 = shibashiku.

57 An old form of ya-ya.

65 to lie supine.

68 = tobitsu. Here read ’aga ko … michi wo tobashitsu.

vv. 1-10 are introductory to Furuhi—they form a pre-adjunct.

11-28 shiga—describes Furuhi’s manner—the words iza neyo … nemu being his; 28-34 the father’s hopes; 35-40 suggest the boy’s illness; 41-54 the prayers and despair of the father; 55-62 the gradual decline and death of Furuhi; 63 to end, the father’s grief at his loss.

This lay repays close study as an example of the language of the ManyÔshiu.

For shiratamano, shikitaheno, sakikusano, ohobuneno, shirotaheno, tamakiharu see List m. k.

Maki VI, Kami

Kusagusa no uta.

71

Rauyau (RÔyÔ) nanatose to ifu toshi midzunoto wi satsuki Yoshinu no totsumiya ni idemaseru toki Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

1-9 lead up to 10.

For tsuganokino, ochitagitsu see List m. k.

72

Kuramochi no Asomi Chitose ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

1 umakori = umaki ori, pretty-woven.

1-5 introductory to Yoshinu; 6-12 descriptive; 13 to end, the poet’s reflections.

For umakori, narukamino see List m. k.

73

Zhimuki (Jinki) hazhime toshi kinoye ne kaminadzuki itsuka no hi Ki no kuni ni idemaseru toki Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

74

(Jinki) futatose satsuki Yoshinu no totsu miya ni idemaseru toki Kasa no Asomi Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

For ashihikino, momoshikino, tamakadzura see List m. k.

75

Yamabe no Sukune Akahito ga yomeru uta.

For yasumishishi, tatanadzuku, momoshikino see List m. k.

76

77

[Jinki futatose] kaminadzuki Naniha no miya ni idemaseru toki Kanamura ga yomeru uta.

1-7 introductory to 8.

9-14 erection of country-palace.

15 to end, the yasotomono wo build their abodes round about the palace, and so a City-Royal is established.

For oshiteru, ashikakino, umiwonasu, okitsutori, mononofuno see List m. k.

78

Kuramochi no Asomi chitose ga yomeru uta.

16 aki-darame: aki is written ‘autumn’, but the homophon meaning ‘satiety’ is intended.

For isanatori see List m. k.

79

Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

16 kadzuki (kami tsuku), dive.

19 Read mireba tafutoshi.

For oshiteru, watanosoko see List m. k.

80

[Jinki] mitose to ifu toshi hinoye tora nagatsuki towoka mari itsuka no hi Harima no kuni Inami-nu ni idemaseru toki Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

For masurawono see List m. k.

81

Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu [migi ni onazhi miyuki no toki].

17-19 Read arigayohi mishitamafu mo ichishiruku kiyokute omoshiroki shirahama zo to nari.

3 sanuru = yadori suru.

4 ke = ki-he.

5 shinubayeru.

For yasumishishi, arataheno see List m. k.

82

Karani no shima wo suguru toki Akahito ga yomeru uta.

2 imo ga mekarete = me hanuru, the eye (features, i.e. person) being separated from me.

4 akazu probably should be makazu.

5 kaniha = kaba, birch.

7 nuki, place oars in position, on thole or between rowlocks.

11 Inamitsuma, of tsuma, the meaning is uncertain, perhaps tract or neighbourhood; tsuma, border.

19 tamuru, a weak form of tamotohoru.

22 cape after cape: see K. 80. 345, shima no sakizaki.

23 kuma mo okazu = kuma (sumi) mo ochizu, a not infrequent expression in the ManyÔshiu.

24 omohite so aga kuru tabi ga ki-he nagashi.

25 ke = ki-he (kuru-henuru).

1, 2 karu kara, probably a designed jingle.

4, 5 would I were but a cormorant, then I should be free from homesickness.

As to the m. k. shikitahe and umasahafu: shikitahe, spread-cloth, seems originally to have meant a garment worn to sleep in, or a coverlet. It is applied to night, sleeping, night garments, pillows, &c.

Umasahafu is the reading preferred by the Kogi to that in the text, ajisahafu. Of neither can any certain explanation be given. On the whole I am inclined to prefer the one suggested of umasahafu under that word in the Kogi’s list of makura kotoba.—umashi-aha-fu, field of sweet millet; ahafu = millet-field in K. 143, n. 2, fu is perhaps an original form of hafu or hae. The ancient Japanese f (perhaps derived from a lost p) was something like the Highland ‘fwh’ in ‘fwhat’ of which the different elements were prominent in connexion with particular vowel sounds. As significant of numerousness, it is applied to mure (flock, crowd) contracted into me (to which through a homophon meaning ‘woman’ it is applied in the text) as well as sometimes to yoru, night (homophon of yoru, gather together, collect). There are parallel etymologies quoted by the Kogi, but it is needless to detail them here. Umashiahafu would contract into umasahafu; umashi may be written with a character aji, meaning taste, savour—hence ajisahafu, and of this the aji might be confounded with its homonym aji (a kind of teal or widgeon), explaining a common way of writing the expression—teal-marsh-abundant.

For umasahafu, shikitaheno see List m. k.

83

Minume no ura wo suguru toki Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

For mikemukafu, fukamiruno, nanorisono see List m. k.

84

(Jinki) yotose to ifu toshi hinoto no u mutsuki ohokimitachi omitachi ni mikotonori shite JintÔryÔ ni hanachi imashime tamaheru toki ni yomeru uta hitotsu.

10-14 the Kogi text is followed.

11 a species of wild goose; also kari ga ne, the scream of the wild geese.

19-20 the spring we have made vain to wait for.

40-41 sankin ni ahite midari ni michi ni idzuru koto dani yezushite.

For makuzuhafu, uchinabiku, mononofuno, momoshikino, ohokimino, tamahokono see List m. k.

Of the above lay the text is more or less uncertain, the syntax is confused, and the meaning in part obscure.

85

(TempyÔ) futatose shimotsuki Sakanohe no Iratsume ga Kami no ihe yori michi-dachi shite Tsukushi no michi no kuchi no kuni (Chikuzen) Munakata no kohori Nagoyama wo koyuru toki yomeru uta hitotsu.

7 kohi = [miyako wo] kohishiku omofu.

86

(TempyÔ) yotose to ifu toshi midzunoye saru Fujihara no Umakahi no mahetsukimi nishi no umi tsu ji no setsudoshi ni tsukahasaruru toki Takahashi no Murazhi Mushimaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

3 tsuyu shimo ni, by the rime and dew (which cause the ruddy leafage of autumn). But see Glossary. Other explanations are possible, but the above seems most suitable.

3 koto agesezu = ihitatsuru koto naku.

For shirakumono, yamabikoni, fuyukomori, tobutorino, yamatadzuno (not rendered in the translation) see List m. k.

87

Sumera mikoto no setsudoshi no mahetsukimitachi ni ohomiki tamaheru ohomi-uta hitotsu.

10 udzu, precious or sacred; mi-te = mi tahe.

11, 13 kaki and uchi are prefix verbs having an emphatic value; nade = propitiate, negi (negafu), intreat.

Maki VI, Shimo

88

(TempyÔ) yatose to ifu toshi hinoye ne minadzuki Yoshinu no totsumiya ni idemaseru toki Akahito ga mikotonori wo uketamaharite yomeru uta hitotsu.

3 meshi = mishi.

11 yoroshi nabe, and likewise excellent.

14 tsukiba and 16 tayeba have much the same value.

16 nomi koso, the koso emphasizes the two nomi.

89, 90, 91

Isonokami no Otomaro no mahetsukimi (kyÔ) Tosa no kuni ni hanatayeshi toki uta mitsu.

89

For amazakaru, furukoromo see List m. k.

90

3-4 perhaps should run sashinamino " Tosa no kuni ni " idemasu ya.

10 ara = arahareru—but see Aston, ShintÔ.

12 ushi = mushi (ni shite hakasu).

13, 15 tsuki rather refers to direction, yori to approach.

19 = tsutsuga naku, untroubled.

21 = sumiyaka ni. Motowori says sumu = susumu.

For sashinamino see List m. k.

91

5, 6, 7 introduce kashiko (Kashiko). Motowori considers the subject of 5 to be Isonokami.

92

Nara no miyako no aretaru wo kanashimi yomeru uta hitotsu.

3 takashikasu = takashirasu.

9 araharemasamu.

24 The first naku = not-be, the second, cry, sing.

39 uchi-hahete, hafu, extend.

41-42 set forth men’s hopes. Nara would long endure—a sort of common form in lays of this character. 53 to end describe the impermanence of things and the desolation of the abandoned Capital.

For yasumishishi, kagirohino, tsuyushimono, mononofuno, haruhanano, muratorino, sasudakeno see List m. k. Most of these can only be rendered indirectly.

93, 94

Kuni no nihimiyako wo tatafuru uta futatsu.

93

For akitsukami, sasudakeno see List m. k.

94

5 The meaning of moru is disputed. The Kogi follows Motowori, taking moru as equivalent to shigeru.

22 = chÔtei ni tsukahematsuru wo. are = arahare.

3 kase, homophon of Kase, means skein or spool.

For sanidzurafu, see List m. k.

95

Haru no koro Mika no hara no miyako no aretaru wo kanashimi yomeru uta hitotsu.

2 Kuni, is City-Royal; in 11 kuni is ‘land’ or ‘country.’

15 must be read, though indirectly, with 18, 16 being parenthetical.

17 Motowori prefers umi wo kaku (see 94).

tsuku = tsukuru.

25 aruraku = aruru, lie desolate, waste.

For momotorino see List m. k.

96

Naniha no miya nite yomeru uta hitotsu.

16 muta = tomo ni.

22 ni = wo.

24 migahoshiku.

27 akanu, unwearied of.

For yasumishishi, isanatori, mikemukafu see List m. k.

97

Minume no ura wo suguru toki yomeru uta hitotsu.

1-7 introductory to 8. 9 to end descriptive and eulogistic.

13 manago = masago, sand, pebbles.

For yachihokono, momofuneno see List m. k.

Maki VIII, Kami

Haru no kusagusa no uta.

98

Kusaka yama no uta.

7 se ni, crowdedly, thickly.

8, 9 sound-quibble, ashibi and ashikaranu.

10, 11 There is inversion here.

For oshiteru and uchinabiku see List m. k.

99

Sakura no hana no uta.

Haru no shitashimi uta.

100

(TempyÔ) itsutose to ifu toshi midzunoto tori nochi no yayohi Kanamura ga Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi ni okureru uta.

1-8 are a preface.

2 without breach of truce.

3 iki no wo, thread of life.

6, 7 Interpolated on the authority of Keichiu.

16 arumi = aruru umi.

For tamatasuki, utsusemino see List m. k.

Natsu no shitashimi uta.

101

Ohotomo no Yakamochi ga tachibana wo yojite Sakanohe no Oho-Iratsume ni okureru uta.

7 ayenu = ayenuru, ready to set for fruit?

gani = yÔ, sama.

19 kokodaku = ikubaku.

1 mochi kudachi = michikudari = full and on the turn.

For masokagami see List m. k.

Maki VIII, Shimo

Aki no kusagusa no uta.

102

Yamanohe no Omi Okura ya nanuka no yo [Tanabata] no uta towo amari futatsu (naga-uta hitotsu).

3 ukete, float, launch.

6 muki-tachi, stand by.

8, 10 ni is adverbial, in 11, 13 postpositional.

13 Supply furisake mireba.

15, 17 ya is dubitative, with a tinge of regret.

24 beat (the water with oar or scull) and cross.

24, 26 i is a prefix of which the original value is lost.

30 katashiki, spread out to one side.

For hisakatano, inamushiro, amatobuya, matamadeno see List m. k.

Aki no shitashimi uta.

103

Yakamochi ga Sakanohe no Oho-Iratsume ni okureru uta.

17 wo mukahi, over the hills.

28 nagu = nagusamuru.

3-9 inversion.

For shirotaheno, ashihikino, utsusemino see List m. k.

Maki IX, Kami

Kusagusa no uta.

104

Kamitsufusa (Kadzusa) Suwe no Tamana no wotome wo yomeru uta hitotsu-mata mizhika uta.

22 ’karete = wakarete.

24 kagi, for the treasure it locks up.

27 seems to be equivalent to tori-yosofu or katachi tsukurofu.

The m. k. (1) applies to A[ha], (3) to Suwe (read homophonously as bow-end).

For shinagatori, adzusayumi, tamahokono see List m. k.

105

Midzunoye no Urashima no ko wo yomeru uta.

5 oso = orosoka.

The m. k. (3) is applied to shi = sono.

For tsurugitachi see List m. k.

106

Kafuchi no Ohohashi wo hitori yuku wotome wo mite [yomeru] uta.

1 Epithet of kata (Kata-asuha).

3 fine red-stained.

7, 8 rubbed, i.e. dyed with the yama-wi (Polygonum tinctorium).

12 tsuma here = otto.

13, 14 Confer translation.

For shinateru, kurenawino, wakakusano, kashinomino see List m. k.

107

(KyÔun) mitose to ifu toshi hinoye uma yayohi moromoro no mahetsukimitachi Namiha ni kudareru toki no uta futatsu.

5 blossoming in falling masses, festoons of flowers.

11 ho is upper part—13 shi is lower part of the tree-mass.

For shirakumono, kusamakura see List m. k.

108

13 After this line the Kogi would interpolate—chiri na midari so.

14 may = whenever it may be, sooner or later.

15 ima, presently, ere long.

For shirakumono see List m. k.

109

Naniha ni yadorite akuru hi kaheru toki no uta.

4 yo = yori, so in 11 where it is to be understood as ni.

8 kara = nagara (?).

9 wo, summit or ridge.

19 = kaze [no kami wo] matsurisemu (matsuramu).

Maki IX, Shimo

110

Kemuzeishi (kenzeishi) Ohotomo no mahetsukimi no Tsukuba yama ni noboritamaheru toki no uta.

6 sweating and panting.

17 suddenly, unexpectedly, untimely.

30 Or mimaku—yo = yori.

For koromode, uchinabiku see List m. k.

111

Hototogisu wo yomeru uta.

5 sore ga.

6, 8 nite, like, resembling.

11 fly high.

112

Tsukuba yama ni noboru uta.

7 wobana is Miscanthus sinensis.

8 ta-wi = ta-winaka or inaka.

9 Either karigane or kari-ga-ne, a sort of quibble.

17 nagaki kihe.

18 koshi, a past of kuru, here auxiliary, read with ukeku. omohi-tsumi, piled up thoughts (i.e. sorrows of travel).

For kusamakura see List m. k.

113

Tsukubane ni noborite kagahi suru toki yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

18 Either me-gurushiku na mi so or megushi nami so—the sense is much the same.

19 koto togame wo mo suna.

For washinosumu see List m. k.

114

Shika wo yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

115

Nanuka no yo no uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

11 mo = skirt, dress.

For hisakatano see List m. k.

116

Kashima no kohori Karunu no hashi nite Ohotomo no mahetsukimi ni wakaruru uta hitotsu mata mizkiha uta.

6 make = mÔke.

15 se ni = semaki hodo ni.

The m. k. (1) applies to Miyake (= miyake, a government granary or grange), see translation.

For kotohiushi see List m. k.

117

Zhimuki (Jinki) itsutose to ifu toshi tsuchinoye tatsu hatsu tsuki ni [yomeru] uta hitotsu mata mizhika.

19 I read—are ha tomari wite, &c.

For utsusemino, ohokimino, amazakaru, muratorino see List m. k.

118

TempyÔ hazhime no toshi … shihasu ni yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta futatsu.

10 A quasi m. k. of maro-ne, round-sleep, that is sleeping alone or taking a careless or hasty sleep in one’s ordinary clothes.

12 narenu is a past, not negative form; the meaning is soiled, tumbled, disordered, according to Keichiu.

For utsusemino, shikishimano see List m. k.

119

[TempyÔ] itsutose to ifu toshi … Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi no fune Naniha yori idzuru toki haha ga ko ni okureru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

3 I have followed the Kogi reading of the curiously involved script of this passage, hitori ko [ni ko] wo = hitori ko [wo ko] wo.

4 ihe written i-ho-he (500 houses) for ihe (iheru).

11 ihahihe is here a jar, not he a place, ni = together with.

12 [tori] shidete = shidare, hang down.

For akihagiwo, kusamakura see List m. k.

120

Wotome wo shinubite yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta (futatsu).

3 nakanaka ni, probably = namanaka.

4 hayezu, not extend thread of language—give utterance to one’s thoughts.

The m. k. (19) applies to me (20).

For shiratamano, kimomukafu, tamatasuki, tamakushiro, masokagami, kakihonasu see List m. k.

121

Ashigara no saka wo suguru toki mi-makareru hito wo mite yomeru uta.

1, 2 form a preface applying to imo, (17) to A[dzuma], (29) to yuki or perhaps the whole of 30.

1 wo is not exactly = small, it is a diminutive prefix of intimacy or endearment; wokaki tsu = wokaki no uchi.

3 nane = term of endearment or respect; na-se = na[-n-imo] se[-na], &c.

25-30 may be regarded as parenthetic.

For shirotaheno, toriganaku, nubatamano, masurawono see List m. k.

122

Ashiya wotome ga haka wo suguru toki yomeru uta.

1-12 introductory, 10 being continuative with 11 … 13-26 declare the lasting sadness attaching to grave and story. 27 to end, the feelings of the poet on hearing the story.

7 okutsuki, secluded-mound tomb, or grave-place.

For tamahokono, amakumono see List m. k.

123

Oto no mimakareru wo kanashimite yomeru uta.

The m. k. are: hashi-mukafu (of oto), lit. as like as the members of a pair of chop-sticks = fraternal relation (of affection); asa-tsuyuno (of ke- or kihe-yasuki), [evanescent as] morning dew; hafu-tsutano (cling-ivy—of wakareshi), parted as reluctantly as ivy parts from its stem; amakumono (also of wakareshi); yami-yo nasu (of omohi madohahi); iyushishino (wounded deer) of kokoro; ashikakino (reed-fence) of midarete; haru-torino (of ne); umasahafu (see List m. k.).

2 nashi = bring up.

6 ke = kihe.

11 ihe means a place of residence. nami is nasa, not-being-ness.

21 iyu = passive of i, aim at, shoot; like miyu from mi, see; kikoyu from kiku, hear.

27 The Kogi interpolates the verses me goto mo tayete " nubatama no—nubatama being itself a m. k. Kagirohino is a m. k. of moyetsuru, see List m. k., also K. 288.

The construction of the uta offers no particular difficulty.

For hashimukafu, hafutsutano, amakumono, yamiyonasu, ashikakino, umasahafu, nubatamano, kagirohino see List m. k.

124

Katsushika no Mama no wotome wo yomeru uta.

23 This reading differs from Motowori’s, which is yori-kagure, yuki = yuki-kaheri, involving frequency of the action denoted by kagahi = kake-ahi, i.e. the meeting of both sexes.

33, 34 are more intelligible if ka is read after tanashirite.

3 to stand treading on the ground, stand awhile there—or to stand as usual there or stand often there?

For toriganaku see List m. k.

125

Unahi wotome ga haka wo mite [yomeru].

2 Unahi is in Musashi.

5 wo-hanari, little (term of endearment) parted [locks].

12 ifusemi, ibusemi, here = anxious, impatient.

15 Chinu is in Idzumi, mentioned both in K. and N.

23 mayumi, Euonymus Hamiltoniana, Max.

24 yuki, quiver (yumi-oki?).

29 wagimoko = waga imoho, here means their mistress, i.e. Unahi no wotome.

40 shitabahe = undercreep—okite, secretly.

47 okuretaru, being behind, the Unahi wotoko was jealous of his rival being the first to follow their mistress in death.

48 wotoko-i. Dr. Aston thinks this i may be the Korean particle.

53 mokoro wo ni—hito no gotoku ni.

56 wo-tachi, small sword, dagger.

59 ya gara dochi = shinzoku.

For utsuyufuno, kakihonasu, fuseyataki, masurawono, shishikushiro, komorinuno, tokorotsura see List m. k.

Maki X, Kami

Natsu no kusagusa no uta.

126

Tori wo yomeru.

For masurawono see List m. k.

Maki X, Naka

127

4 i-mukahi, i is a prefix: see grammar.

32 toshi no wo, thread (line, course) of years.

35 fumi = [ho wo] fufumi, full of [rice-]ears, an old name of the seventh month, ending about the middle of August.

For wakakusano, ohobuneno, aratamano see List m. k.

128

10 sÔrÔ (mod. Jap.).

14 blow and blow.

25 ari koso ne[gafu] ka mo.

For hisakatano, aratamano, murakimono, tokikinuno see List m. k.

Maki XIII, Kami

129

7 This is the Kogi reading. Other readings are kaze no fuku, ame no furu.

8 konure = ko (ki) no ure.

For fuyukomori see List m. k.

130

2 moru = mamoru, guard, watch (allusion originally, perhaps, to watchmen in charge of mountain beacons).

6, 7, 8 All heptasyllabic.

8 what weeping children regard (with delight that soothes their grief).

131

5 Or karigane.

6 tomoshiku, deficient, hence rare, hence fine.

9 m. k. of i.

12 i = 50.

13 midzu, shining, fine.

15, 16 are epithetical of ta in tawayame.

22, 23 Here we have inversion.

For momotarazu see List m. k.

132

2 may mean reflecting the brightness of the clouds.

5, 6 also 7, 8 may be read transposed.

9 may be rendered ‘howbeit’.

14 kogi iri ko—ko is imperative of kuru.

For amakumono, komorikuno see List m. k.

133

1-7 are introductory to 8.

14 nihofu may be an intensitive of nihi, be fresh, &c.; its root-meaning seems to be rather a state of vigour than of mere fragrance.

19 mi wo = watercourse.

20 = musubi-tame-gataki, hard for anything to grow and endure upon; applied to iha ga ne.

22 A common, almost proverbial phrase.

23 = nights to come; read with ime ni, &c.

25 = shimichi, shikata, ‘do-way, do-method’, settled or regular order or sequence of affairs, conduct, &c.

134

1 Epithet of Nara. Another reading is mitegura mote—Nara yori idzuru.

For midzutade, tonamiharu, ihabashiru see List m. k.

135

136

15 mi-watasu, an assumptive phrase to be read with shima.

17, 18 introduced by the Kogi to replace a supposed lost passage.

18 ura- explained as = kokoro, inner, deeper.

21, 22 refer to ohomiya (26).

25 uchi = utsukushiki (?).

1-7 epithetical of Ise no kuni; 7-20 describe the beauty of the Land of Ise; 21-34 the delightfulness of the Palace and its situation; 35 to end, the usual hope for the endurance of the happy state described.

For yasumishishi, takahikaru, minatonasu, uchihisasu, momoshikino see List m. k.

137

5-14 to be read as parenthetical between koyete and Yamashina no.

12 kakuru, be defective, be a break in.

138

15 = (koshi) imo wo ahi-mimahoshiku.

For awoniyoshi, mononofuno, wotomerani, wagimokoni see List m. k.

139

2 a-so = yaso, eighty, i.e. indefinite number.

17 May be an error for asobahi. There is, however, a word sobafu, trifle, play.

For yasoshimano see List m. k.

140

18, 19 Note the jingle Karasaki sakiku.

29, 30 Epithetical of Ikako—by a word-jingle connected with i-kaku (kaku, to attack).

1 i.e. ame tsuchi no kami.

2 nageki kohi, sigh and implore.

For chihayaburu, sasanamino see List m. k.

141

1-7 introductory.

6 yukamashi, desirable to visit, not in itself but because a fair maid dwells there.

8-14 declare difficulty of traffic with his love; 15 to end, complain of the hills that bar his way to her; 11, 12 and 13, 14 reverse the order of these couplets, hito ha fumedomo nabike to (itte) … and they are more intelligible.

For momodzutafu see List m. k.

142

1-3 form a sort of m. k. to naga (Nagato); naga means long, and the m. k. implies ‘long as the thread of the ball of yarn in a girl’s basket’.

20 gani = sama, yÔ.

For umiwonasu see List m. k.

143

6 wochi seems to mean renovating. There is a word-play on this wochi and the homophon in the preceding line. It is explained in (I.) as hazhime ni modoru, moto ni kaheru.

144

7 atarashiki, here not ‘new’ but = oshimubeshi, what is prized, loved, regretted. See N. 362, where Dr. Aston so translates atarashiki Winabe no takumi, the much-to-be-regretted carpenter. But the epithet here may refer to wi (well), part of the name Winabe, and probably means fresh. Takumi, however, is more than ‘carpenter’, rather ‘builder’ or ‘architect’.

9 oyuraku = oyu koto, fact of being or growing old.

145

9 me almost = person.

10 Read akasamu with yo wo.

The m. k. wakakusano (7) applies to kimi (9).

146

5 i.e. kami no kuni.

4 kotoage, declare, announce—perhaps with neg. sense of ‘indescribable’.

8 Read waga hanahada omofu.

15, 17 ka mo almost = mo gana.

24 wataramu, pass one’s days.

28 yamame (yamamu—yamu), cease, stop.

5 nashi, written with the character, read homophonally nashi (pear), is here the negative copula.

For akitsushima, tamakagiru, ohobuneno see List m. k.

147

4, 6 koto (koto-age) is here words, language, in 7, thing, affair. Koto-age is explained (I) as toku ni toritate ifu, make special declaration.

11 ariso nami is a word-play connected with ari(te).

148

2 kuraku = karu.

11 natsusobiku (a m. k.) is perhaps a word-jingle with nadzu[mi]; some lines are lost here.

13 komo is Zizania aquatica.

16, 17 Syntactically the order of these two lines may be reversed.

For tamanowono, natsusobiku, karikomono see List m. k.

149

17, 18 Note the word-play on the two matsu. Ne is here rather trunk than root.

For aratamano, tamadzusano, kasumitatsu, tarachineno, amadzutafu, shirotaheno, amakumono see List m. k.

150

151

1-11 is an introduction verbal not real to 12.

16 Note construction ihaba koso yukame, read koso with yukame.

The first envoy seems distinctly of a Buddhistic cast.

For komorikuno, kagaminasu see List m. k.

152

1-10 introductory to 11.

11 the heart inclining towards, leaning on, trusting to. The syntax is here imperfect, as is often the case in the Anthology.

153

3 tonogumori = tanagumori.

1 The nishi may be taken = (i)nishi.

5 = nezariki.

For tonogumori, ohokuchino, nubatamano see List m. k.

154

2, 6 shiki, shiko, common, mean.

3 utemu, utsuru, sutsuru = throw away, cast off.

4 yare = yabure.

5 read with shiko.

For akanesasu, nubatamano see List m. k.

155

1, 2 uchi-hahete omohishi, sending forth one’s thoughts [of love].

7-10 are parenthetical.

12 Connected with omofu (15).

13, 14 qualifying omofu.

27 hito seems to point to the girl symbolized in (2) as wo-nu. There is some syntactic obscurity in the text.

For kusamakura, amakumono, ashikakino see List m. k.

156

The bracketed portions are contained in other lays.

For shirotaheno, nubatamano, ohobuneno see List m. k.

157

For ashihikino, shikitaheno, hayakahano, koromodeno see List m. k.

158

For mononofuno, tamahokono, sanidzurafu, ashihikino see List m. k.

159

5 so = sore, kahi, feed.

10 tawori seems to mean here a recess or hollow place.

160

12 watarinu, pass from one place or state to another—here almost auxiliary.

25 night as complete as the sky, i.e. the whole night.

For nubatamano, sanakadzura see List m. k.

161

8 arashi, storm.

12 hi, ice.

13 yuki, snow.

For nubatamano, sanakadzura, ohobuneno see List m. k.

162

5 koto no imi, prohibition of speech.

For suganoneno, tarachineno see List m. k.

163

For tamatasuki see List m. k.

164

For ohobuneno see List m. k.

Maki XIII, Shimo

165

1-4 are introductory to yukuhe naku—there are several interpretations of the whole passage.

1 wo must be taken as equivalent to no.

6 seshi toki, made, that is, appointed time.

8 uraheru—the meaning of this word is obscure. It is written (in script) as ahi aru or aheru, nearly equal to aru; uraheru is Motowori’s reading.

10 kikosedomo = notamahedomo.

14 are = ware.

166

For suganoneno, muratorino, ashihikino, hafutsutano see List m. k.

167

168

9 ago, my prince.

17 Various explanations are given of this word—Keichiu gives asasa, like (asasa is a sp. of Limnanthemum); Okabe reads kazashi, adorn; Motowori suggests the meaning adopted by the Kogi, and in my translation, i.e. asane no kami = nekutare-gami. Azane, however, may be perhaps better connected with azanafu, to bind up.

For uchihisatsu, minanowata see List m. k.

169

9, 10 imo, i mo.

For tamatasuki, akanesasu, nubatamano see List m. k.

170

In one edition the lay begins with the fourth verse; in another the opening is—Komoriku no " Hatsuse no kaha no " wochi kata ni " imora ha tatashi—representing the girl (imora) as standing on the further (distant) bank (wochi-kata) of the rapid stream of HatsusÈ.

171

The text is obscure.

4 ake, red. soho bune is red ship.

8 ari nami = ari nabiki. There is a play upon this ari nami and the same expression in 9.

7 Lengthened form of hikotsuru, go on hauling. So ihidzurahi = ihitsuru (K. 343).

9 ari nami is explained (Motowori) as = inamu, refuse, object; ihare nishi agami = such is what I bid you.

172

10 yuki-kaheri, the coming and passing (of months and days, i.e. of time).

11, 13 tsuma and kimi are not the same person.

For kamukazeno, fukamiruno, matamiruno see List, m. k.

173

1-6 express the situation of the lover; 12-18 describe the sea-weeds on the names of which the thought of the lay is made to turn.

17 is m. k. of hikaba, which refers to the breaking of the connexion.

20 yuki is connected with tsudohi, assemble = yukite tsudohite.

21 is m. k. of 22.

21-26 is a prefatial m. k. of hanachikemu.

22 yuki I take to be quiver, but having as homophon (yuki, go, prefix to tori saguri, search, look for) the epithet nakuko nasu—the idea being that of a child crying because it cannot find some treasure it has lost.

23 is m. k. of yu[hara] = yumi no suwe.

25 shishiki ya is taken as = shishi-ya, game-arrow, hunter’s arrow.

26 futatsu refers to shishi ya. tabasami is to take in the hand.

27 hanachikemu, to let fly.

28 hito is error for ware.

23-26 seem to be a preface to hanachikemu.

For ohobuneno, fukamiruno, nahanorino, nakukonasu, adzusayumi see List m. k. Of course the above explanations are more or less conjectural. The lay is a poor affair enough, but the text is interesting on account of its complications.

174

13 Despondently.

14 kaheri, i.e. to City-Royal.

For momichibano, nubatamano see List m. k.

175

Tohikotahe no uta.

9 na, thou, thee, so in 12.

13, 14, 15 are proverbial ‘hito ha yama wo yosureba yosoru zo’ to ifu—‘Faith will move mountains.’

For tsutsuzhihana see List m. k.

176

Tatohe uta.

This lay is defective, or perhaps is an answer to 175.

7, 8 i. e, kokoro no ura mo, be thy inmost heart patient to wait even as long as this stream shall continue to flow?

177

This lay is a combination of 175 and 176.

178

9-12 verbally almost identical with part of the second lay in K. (p. 76).

10 kigishi = kizhi, green pheasant.

179

2 wo is diminutive of endearment, &c.

15 Read kokodaku mo with shinubu.

17 tsuma = otto.

For komorikuno, nubatamano see List m. k.

180

1 tsuginefu, a m. k. of yama; tsugi-ne-fu, peak on peak or range upon range, or tsugi-ki-no-ne-fu, abundance of trees (as m. k. of shiro). There is little doubt the former meaning is nearest the truth. But see K. App. LVII.

16 ohi name, carry and put with, take away together.

For tsuginefu, tarachineno see List m. k.

181

5, 6 Note the word-play Imo and Se (imose)—see the translation.

31 wagimo here means ‘my lady’.

For tamahokono see List m. k.

182

1 shinatatsu is not to be confounded with the m. k. shinateru.

5 amanaku = amanu (neg. of amu, weave, plait).

7 shikanaku = shikanu (neg. of shiku, spread).

183

4 shimimi = shimi shimi, abounding, flourishing.

11 koshi is quasi auxiliary (kuru).

28 matsu by homophonal word-play means here, pine-tree.

38 i.e. kokoro ni kakete mede-utsukushimi, &c.

41 A m. k. = planted willow—applies to next line.

47 keburi is here, mist.

50 akaneba—aku, grow tired of.

55 In the text the character gen meaning kotoba (speech) is curiously used for aga, mine.

57 lit. a two-storied palace or pavilion. Here the shrine is meant, sometimes a palace or pavilion was built.

67 kumoriyo, cloud-darkened night.

69 The m. k. asamoyoshi really applies to ki only of Kinohe (ki, to put on; asamo, hempen robe).

80 okuka, lit. inmost place, end, term, &c.—the meaning is, no limit to my tears.

86 lit. with each new month, but undefined time is intended.

90 shinubana = shinubu namu, shinubamu.

2 Ihare = iha mure, piled rocks.

For mochitsukino, tohotsuhito, tamatasuki, sashiyanagi, masokagami, ohobuneno, shirotaheni, uchihisasu, kumoriyono, asamoyoshi, aratamano, tamatasuki see List m. k.

184

1-10 suggest the death of the Miko (Takechi?); 11-18 the faithful service of his retainers; 19 to end, their inconsolable grief.

3, 4 This common phrase seems to mean ‘for some reason or other’, an expression used to signify dubiety of cause, real or respectful.

24 omohi-hafuru = omohi-hanachi-chirasu.

For shikishimano, yukutorino, tsurugitachi see List m. k. tonogomori and amakumoni are quasi m. k.

185

12 ashige, reed-like in colour, grey; ashigebuchi, dappled grey. The envoy is—Koromode wo " ashige no uma no " ibayu kowe " kokoro are ka mo " tsune yu ke ni naku. Here the m. k. koromode, vestment-sleeve, is curiously applied to ashige as similar in sound to osoki = uhagi = outer or over-garment. The meaning of ke ni (?) is, differently, strangely, specially.

For momoshinuno see List m. k.

186

1-6 indicate all men under heaven.

1 shirakumono applies to clouds on which the sun is shining, awokumo to clouds unsunned.

For shirakumono, awokumono, amakumono, see List m. k. The Kogi separates this lay from the next to which, in some editions, it serves as an introduction.

187

8 Read as ini-kihenuru ni masaru.

10 kohinu is negative.

14 seyo, perhaps a sort of (logical) 1st pers. imperative.

30 ne-haheru, nehafu, or nebafu, apparently means extended entrance, referring to gallery approaching tomb-chamber.

31 ashita is here ‘morning’, not merely ‘morrow’.

For aratamano see List m. k.

188

9 yomi, here ‘count’.

For nubatamano, ohobuneno see List m. k.

189

1-10 introductory to kuhashi imo. In the use of kuhashime there is an imitation or a reminiscence of the Kojiki lay (K. App. LXXVI) translated in the notes to 177. kuhashime = here, make-swallow, afterwards to disgorge.

13 nagarusa, as far as an arrow can be shot.

25 Note the curious script for kuku (kukuri) the figures 81 are used, 81 = 9 x 9 = ku ku.

For komorikuno see List m. k.

190

5 washiri-de = hashiri-de, run out, tower, rise high.

9 atarashiki, not here ‘new’ but oshimubeshi = what may be prized, valued, regretted, excellent.

For komorikuno, awohatano see List m. k.

191

2, 6 koso to be read with narame.

3, 5 nagara is, just as, exactly as = na[ru] kara[da].

4 utsushiku here means real, actual.

For utsusemino see List m. k.

192

15 Motowori reads mitegura, Okabe yufu ke okite. The Kogi reading, here adopted, seems simpler and sufficient.

19 waga kokoro, is here an exclamation.

21 momiji-ba is to be read with chiri- of chirisugi (22), and this with the last line.

For momijibano, tamanowono see List m. k.

193

5-19 tada watari, tadachi suguni—is taken as involving the meaning of kachi watari, to cross on foot, walk across. This sense, however, is not altogether admissible.

17 to end: read as if [kono hito] ha tare no kokoro wo itohoshite ka mo kachi-watarikemu.

For tamahokono, isanatori see List m. k.

194

1-4 The full sense of these lines it is not easy to make out.

7, 8 A very obscure passage. Some commentators suppose a silken garment, the produce of an insect (yamamai, wild silkworm), to be intended. The explanation most in accordance with the text (as emended in the Kogi) is to take akidzu ha as meaning the wing of a dragon-fly. The passage would then be interpreted as it is in the translation q. v.

11 ura mo naku, without heart, feeling, dead to external impressions.

17 = omohoshiki (omohashiki) koto, something thought of, thought of with regret, love, &c.: omohi = be in a state of intellectual or emotional consciousness.

23, 24 unable to speak, like a puling infant.

For isanatori, wakakusano, nakukonasu see List m. k.

195

For tamahokono, isanatori, wakakusano see List m. k.

196

19, 20 sigh deep as eight (not ten) feet—a conceit of a kind common in Japanese poetry, which can scarcely be translated.

For ohobuneno, tamadzusano, hotarunasu, tsuwetarazu, amakumono see List m. k.

197

7, 9 koto sakaba = kaku no gotoku hanareba.

14 ke = ki-he, pass on, elapse, proceed.

For kusamakura see List m. k.

198

7 wo, tail.

12 sanu, sa-nuru. tofu, to ifu.

20 kiseteshi nare, put on and use to wear.

22 katashiki, side-spread, i.e. one side only, spreading out sleeves on one side only, i.e. sleeping alone.

For shirotaheno, yukimidzuno see List m. k.

199

Mono ni tsukite omohi wo noburu uta.

In the script of this lay, as in that of the last and of many succeeding lays, the ideograms are entirely phonetic, or nearly so.

70 Observe use of wo, not here objectively.

The m. k. (3) applies to Mi[tsu], (9) to Mi(nume), (23) to Akashi ( = akashi, bright, be clear).

For kagaminasu, tadamukafu, wagimokoni, agakokoro, nakukonasu see List m. k.

Maki XV, Naka

200

Yuki no shima ni itarite Yuki no Murazhi Yakamori ga tachimachi ye-yami nite mi makareru toki yomeru uta.

6 ihahi matane [ba] ka, is it they do not go on honouring…?

For tarachineno see List m. k.

201

14 tsumara, an honour plural?

24, 25 Read hito with ahi-omohanu (will not meet again).

31 kumo-banare, see also K. App. LV.

For aratamano, tarachineno, akihagino see List m. k.

202

4 kite is quasi-auxiliary.

6 mo naku, without ill luck or hap.

8 hotsu-te explained as = hote, chief.

11 ime here = yume, dream.

Maki XVI, Kami

203

The metre of this uta is irregular and the style is not good. Of many of the words the sense is obscure.

1 midori ko, green, i.e. very young child.

2 waku-go = wakaki ko.

5 = kakuru.

8 hitsura, perhaps hitaura, apparently plain-lined.

11 yuhi-hata (yuhata), spotted by tying up portions and then dyeing the piece.

15 yochi, of like age.

17 Or kaguro shi.

21 makimi, the mi is a suffix denoting manner, quality, quantity (I.), &c.

32 nihoshishi, dyed.

35 sashi-kasane.

37 A m. k. of wo taken as wo, hemp-yarn—apparently fine and supple, prepared by beating, well beetled (utsu).

39 arikinuno, a m. k. of takara, fair or rich robe.

41 utsutahe, see 37; tahe is fine stuff.

44 tedzukuri, hand made, home made?

45 shikimo means vestments worn one over the other; nasu = manner, like.

46 = shiki, put on over.

47 Lengthened form of hokoru, be proud, &c.

48 inaki, village headman.

50 = tamahari hi tamaharishi, read with 51; with a read tsumatofu (tsumadohi suru) no.

51 = uki katachi = ukimori, a fabric with raised pattern woven on surface.

52 futaya, pattern of two colours.

55 nagame, naga ame, long rains. imi, keep out, ward off.

56 kuri-kutsu, black boots.

60 omo tozhi, lady mother.

62 hono honoka.

71 sugaru, a kind of sand-wasp.

73 kazarahi = kazaru.

74 Not a m. k. here.

91 ohomichi (miyako he) wo kureba.

100 kaku no gotoku so shite kitarishi.

102 = sasameku, I who was rumoured about of old as a handsome fellow.…

105 isa-iza, ideya. I am now pointed at by the girls saying—Oh, look at that old fellow!

109 sakashiki, sage, wise.

112 oi-hito, Genkoku, confer translation.

For tarachishi, minanowata, kurenawino, utsusoyashi, arikinuno, shikimonasu, tobutorino, amakumono, uchihisasu, sasudakeno see List m. k.

204

[Wotome ga] se no kimi wo kofuru uta.

2 chimata, the road-forks, crossways—there more wayfarers would be met.

6 hitotsu = hitori, alone, lonely.

8, 10 na is neg. imperative particle.

9, 10 to be read together.

11 kohoshiku = kohishiku.

14 shimi-tohori = some-tohori, dye through, penetrate deeply.

For sanidzurafu, tamadzusano, chihayaburu, murakimono, tarachineno, momotarazu see List m. k.

Maki XVI, Shimo

205

Se no kimi wo kofuru uta.

For akanesasu see List m. k.

206

1 umasake, sweet, pure (sweet or delicious sake).

2 Oshitaru, oshi-shitaru, written as fall or flow down, but here a place-name.

4 nuruku here = gentle.

6 kokoro mo keya ni = kokoro mo isagiyoku oboyuru kiyoki midzu.

10 sukunaki, oto no sukunaki yoshi.

12 iro is the iro of irose, irodo—also ira, iri, a word of endearment and respect.

15 nanatsu wo, seven, i.e. many beads.

17 mawosamu = mairasemu, a woman’s word.

1-7 are an introduction to oto.

For umasakewo, mashimidzuno see List m. k.

207

Noto no kuni no uta.

4 wa shi, an exclamation common in saibara plays. According to Keichiu it means here nanji, thou. The Kogi takes it as yo shi.

208

Noto no kuni no uta.

3 ma-nuraru = ma noraru; noru means revile, abuse (nonoshiru).

5 sasuhi tate = sasohi (sasofu), invite—tate has the usual force.

6 ki-namashi, namashi has an optative meaning.

209

2 Tsukuwe, word-play with tsukuwe (12)?.

6 scoop out (the flesh).

10 koko, the noise of pounding.

11 mori must here mean pile up, heap up.

13 tatematsuri, offer, present.

14 metsuko. How to render this word is not clear. It may be a title only, ???. But (I.) gives it as = utsukushimu ko.

210

Shika no tame ni omohi wo nobete yomeru uta.

1-10 make a phrasal m. k. to 11, 12.

1, 2 itoko nase, terms of endearment (itohoshi ko nanji no se?).

3 wori-worite implies long union of husband and wife.

4 mono ni i-yuku; an exclamatory phrase denoting an intention or wish to go somewhere or do something.

8 ya tsu, eight head of, i.e. many-head of.

17 ashihiki = m. k.

18 kata-yama, out of the way, remote mountain, i.e. from City-Royal. But Heguri is in Yamato.

34 hayashi, to complete, adorn, make flourish, finish off.

38 ma sumi, right clear, the script is kariji.

41 kera, ‘hairs’, like mera above, ‘eyes’.

46, 48, 50 hayashi, chop, mince.

55 hayasane or hayazane, precative imperative; hayasu, to praise.

For ashihikino, adzusayumi, see List m. k.

211

Kani no tane ni omohi wo nobete yomeru uta.

4 namarite, an old word, obscure, retired, remote (namari, dialect, and namari, lead (the metal) are probably the same word—something far away [from City-Royal]).

22 oki, rise, stand up.

30 fumodashi (fumi wo hodashi).

32 hakure, haku, string a bow.

34 kata yama, see 210.

35 momu = momo.

39 sahidzuru = koto sahegu.

45 hatsu-tare = hazhime-taretaru.

5 The part in [] is probably corrupt.

For oshiteruya, ashihikino see List m. k.

212

[TempyÔ] 13 nen 2 gwatsu Mika no hara no nihi miyako wo homuru uta.

10 uchi-hashi (I), rough or temporary bridge; so too Motowori.

12 uki-hashi, floating bridge, hanging bridge, boat-bridge.

213

Mimakareru oto wo kanashimu uta.

18 koshi hi = wakareshi hi yore.

20 ta-tohomi, ta is an intensitive prefix.

22 he, short for hedate.

24 ke nagaki = ki-he nagaki.

33 hashikiyashi (hashi-ke ya-shi—ya = yo).

34 na is the na (nanji?) of na se, na imo, &c.

42-4 The negative of tahiragezu is implied also in narashi.

For amazakaru, awoniyoshi, tamahokono, tamadzusano, ashihikino see List m. k.

214

[TempyÔ] 19 nen Kisaragi no tsuki hatsuka no hi tachimachi yamahi ni shidzumi hotohoto mi-usenamu to su kare uta wo yomite kanashimi wo noburu hito uta.

15 That is, yamahi ni.

18 = ki-he ni-masaru = pass on—increase.

23 shita-gohi = inner or deep, desire, love or yearning.

28 mikoto = here a title of respect applied to the wife.

38 nagekasuramu, honour-causative. Compare with the ordinary form below, nakuramu.

45 ma-tsukahi mo nashi, no messenger one way or the other.

56 = masurawo.

57 ya being removed to a position after fuseramu, makes the sense clearer.

vv. 6-20 relate to the poet’s illness.

For masurawono, ashihikino, amazakaru, utsusemino, tarachineno, ohobuneno, koromodewo, nubatamano, tamahokono, tamakiharu see List m. k.

215

Yakamochi (mizhika uta).

Ikenushi (mizhika uta).

Yakamochi’s mizhika, 4, 5 wori, break.

Ikenushi’s mizhika, 3 utakata = shibaraku—utakata is foam; the expression is probably a metaphor.

215 (naga-uta)

20 TempyÔ 3 guwatsu mi ka no hi Yakamochi ga uta.

6 masurawo ware.

14, 16 koko, soko, here and there, variously.

15 iranakeku = irairashi, vexed, sad.

16 omohi-de, thought-go-forth, think of, dwell upon.

22 Read as if yama mawiri hedatari.

42 fly in and out in crowds.

55 Hon. caus.

56 kimi is Ikenushi; kokoro, that is, of his letter, &c.

60 = owarazu.

1-6 Exordium.

9-12 are copied from 214.

9-20 Yakamochi’s illness.

21-36 His regrets.

37-54 Regrets he cannot enjoy the spring.

55 to end, addressed to Ikenushi.

13, 14, 15, 16 are found thus arranged (15, 16, 13, 14) in K. App. LI.

56 kimi is Ikenushi.

For shinazakaru, ashihikino, tamahokono, tamakiharu see List m. k.

Maki XVII, Shimo

216

Ikenushi.

1-12 For the comfort of Yakamochi; 13-20 Ikenushi’s sympathy; 21-38 sympathy of the sato-hito; 39 to end, Ikenushi’s sick friend shall still enjoy the beauties of spring.

16 waga se is Yakamochi, so too kimi in 37.

39 kokoro-gushi is not here kokoro-kurushi, but = kokoro ni natsukashimaruru, thou art heart-beloved.…

For ashihikino, amazakaru, masurawoya, awoniyoshi, tamadzusano, shirotaheno, kurenawino see List m. k.

The value of some only of these m. k. is incorporated in the translation.

217

Yakamochi.

7 gushi = natsukashi.

8 nashi (nasu) = gotoku.

10 oku, here respectful for ‘my wife’.

23 ahi-mineba: the object is aga oku tsuma, v. 10.

30 tada ni, really, verily, actually.

38 komashi, from kuru.

43 yoshiweyashi = yoshiya.

51 yoso = hoka, soto ni.

54 tachi gives force of ‘get on board’, &c.

58 ura, inward, i.e. deeply.

For ashihikino, amazakaru, aratamano, shikitakeno, tamahokono, awoniyoshi see List m. k.

218

Yakamochi.

Futagami yama no uta.

3 m. k. of Futa (gami) as homophon of futa, lid.

11, 13 kara = gara.

12 sokoba = sokobaku.

15 sume kami = Futa kami, kami being taken as ‘god’.

16 mi = neighbourhood.

26 wotsutsu = utsutsu.

For tamakushige, haruhanano see List m. k.

219

U-tsuki no towoka ’mari muka no hi no yo haruka ni hototogisu no kowe wo kikite omohi wo noburu uta hitotsu.

Migi Yakamochi ga kore wo yomeru.

Ohoki fumihito Hada no Imiki Yachishima no tachi nite Yakamochi wo umanohanamuke suru utage no uta futatsu.

Migi no Yakamochi ga ShÔzeichÔ wo mochite miyako ni mawiramu to su kare kono uta wo yomite wakare no nageki wo noburu.

Fuse no midzu-umi asoberu uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta hitotsu.

Yakamochi.

3 dochi = tomo, comrade, friend.

4 kokoro yaramu, give one’s heart, abandon oneself to enjoyment.

6 uchi-kuchi-buri = wochi-kochi.

15 set up a cormorant fishery.

25 about the islands.

28 mi = miru.

34 toshi no ha (shi) to end of a year, or years.

For mononofuno, tamakushige, hafutsutano see List m. k.

220

Ikenushi.

Fuse no midzu-umi no uta ni kotahe-mawosu uta.

2 niki = iniki, has gone.

27 Read okitsu nami no kata yori ni yosekuru sono tamamo, the seaweed that the ocean waves fling shorewards.

38 making our sleeves flutter as we ply the sculls.

51 when spring comes forth.

For ashihikino, shirotaheno see List m. k.

221

Yakamochi.

Tachiyama no uta hitotsu [kono yama ha Arakaha no kohori ni ari].

2 na kakasu Koshi—Koshi, that answers to its name; koshi = kosu, to cross (the hills)—referring to the situation of the province with regard to City-Royal.

4 kunuchi, kuni uchi.

13 tokonatsu = hisashiku nodoka (Keichiu).

22 as years run on.

26 = katarahi-tane, ‘seed’, or subject, or matter of discourse, narrative, &c.

31 = urayamashigaru tame ni.

For amazakaru see List m. k.

222

Ikenushi.

Tachiyama no uta ni kotahe-mawosu uta.

1-14 description of Tachi-yama; 15-28 its beauty and majesty; 29 to end its effect upon the beholder.

1 m. k. of sogahi (see glossary)—so-gahi ni miyuru, seen from back (of house or tachi of Ikenushi?). The m. k. is used in reference to the dazzling brightness of the morning sun necessitating one’s turning (kahi) one’s back (so) to it. I am not, however, satisfied with this explanation.

For asahisashi, shirakumono, tamakiharu, kumowinasu, tatsukirino see List m. k.

223

Yakamochi.

Miyako ni yaya chikaku mawiramu koto kanashimi no kokoro harahi-gatakute omohi wo noburu uta.

8 waga se is Ikenushi.

17 east wind, a local term.

23 ashi wo karu, gather reeds.

36 kimi, Ikenushi.

48, 49 The making of the kusudama at the time of the cuckoo’s song being heard.

53 I read this as = [kusu] tama wo nokoshite okite yukaba oshikaramu, it would be regrettable to leave behind (or put aside or neglect) the posy.

For kakikazofu, tamahokono, shirakumono see List m. k.

224

Ikenushi.

Tachimachi miyako mawiramu omohi wo noburu no yomeru wo mite iki-nagara wakarura kanashimitari danchÔ mankwai yenketsu wo nozoki-gatashi isasaka shoshin wo sÔsu uta.

5 seko is Yakamochi.

14 ta-dzukuri = tabi-dsukuri.

31, 32 to express myself in words were a dread thing = kakemaku mo, &c.

34 ta-muke no kami, the god to whom offerings are made. The shrine would be at the top of a pass, hence ta-muke also signified the summit of a pass or hill.

2 waga se is Yakamochi.

5 asanasa = asa ni asa ni.

For awoniyoshi, amazakaru, wakakusano, muratorino, asagirino see List m. k.

225

Soraseru taka wo shinubi ime ni mite yorokobi yomeru uta.

The glossary and notes to the translation sufficiently explain the text of this lay.

98 dami seems to = bakari.

For amazakaru, masurawono, ashihikino, chihayaburu see List m. k.

Maki XVIII, Kami

226

Agehari no uchi ni hitori wite hototogisu no ne wo kikite yomeru uta.

1 A sort of m. k. of ama no hitsugi.

13, 14 of all the birds the most delightsome.

For takamikura see List m. k.

227

Michinoku no kuni yori kugane wo idaseru mikotonori wo kotohoku uta.

vv. 1-18 describe Yamato, its line of rulers, its features and wealth; 18-28 the object of the Mikado’s desire for gold; yoki koto, desirable thing; 21-24 see below; 29-50 his gratitude on hearing of the discovery of gold in Michinoku; 51 to end, the panegyric by Yakamochi of the Otomo clan to which he belongs. 101 and 102 are plagiarized from Lay 67.

52 = iyo-yo = iyo-iyo.

103 to iya-tate, so, more and more raise (kotodate).

107 Read kikeba after tafutomi.

For kazoheyezu, toriganaku, mononofuno, masurawono see List m. k.

Maki XVIII, Shimo

228

Yoshino no totsumiya ni idemasamu toki no tame ni arakazhime yomeru uta.

5 sumerogi is the Mikado Ojin (270-310).

13, 14 refer to the reigning Mikado ShÔmu (724-48).

20 Read in connexion with 26.

For takamikura, mononofuno see List m. k.

229

Miyako no ihe ni okuramu ga tame ni shiratama wo horisuru uta.

2 mi kami, great god, here = wilds of ocean (great sea-god’s realm).

6 i-ho-chi = i ho tsu, compare hatachi.

10 yo = yori.

12 yo = yoru, night; kata sari, where one has gone and left the other of a pair.

13 asa ne kami, hair disordered in morning on awaking from sleep.

14 kakazu mo, kedzurazu mo.

19 hototogisu ki naku is epithetical of sa-tsuki (fifth month).

230

Fumibito Wohari no Woguhi wo satosu uta.

4 = ihitsugikeru.

6, 8 To tafutoku and kanashiku (also to sabushiku, v. 36), add nari.

15 chisa = chisha, lettuce. Wild salads of all kinds were much esteemed in ancient Japan.

15-36 describe the anxiety of the wife.

18 ko = lady.

20 smiling or not, in all moods.

25, 26 her reliance on the gods.

31 This line is doubtful—sense is possible only by reading sakari as = hanare or hanachi.

37 minami [kaze].

37-41 introductory to Saburu.

38 yuki, snow. ke = kihe, disappear, melt.

44 i-tsugari = tsunagu, tsunagaru.

For utsusemino, haruhanano see List m. k.

231

8 mawide = mawiri-ide. koshi is past of kuru used as auxiliary.

13 se = semaku. se ni, closely = abundantly.

6 hiko-ye, twigs, lit. descendant-branches.

22 tsuto, tsutsumi to, bound or arranged as a gift.

24 kokire, koki-ire, lit. strip-put-in. The value here is somewhat uncertain, perhaps to strip off the flowers and set them on the sleeve in some way.

26 karashi, caus. of karu wither. mi here, as in 22, has an iterative force.

39 hita-teri, right dazzling.

52 kaku, thus, i.e. weathering all the seasons, but kaku may be read kagu, fragrant, i.e. pleasing all the year through, hence by a word-play the appropriateness of the term ka-guhashimi (25).

For shirotaheno, ashihikino, tokihanasu see List m. k.

232

Niha no hana wo mite yomeru uta.

2 to = nite.

3, 4 in execution of service imposed upon me.

8 tose = toshi he, passage of years.

9 must be read as m. k. of makura.

2 maro-ne = hitori-ne.

13 to, supply naru.

14 nagusamu.

16 maki-ohoshi = sow or plant, let grow.

17 no no no, the second no = nu, moor.

18 sa-yuri, the sa of sa tsuki—vigorously growing (sa nahe), lily of the fifth month.

24 Here yuri = yori = nochi.

For aratamano, shikitaheno, amazakaru see List m. k.

233

6 katane, katanu is to settle, arrange, conclude, &c.

10 The syntax here is obscure.

13, 14, 15 lit. fresh years came and went—the months summed up.…

19 hototogisu ki naku is epithetical of sa-tsuki.

22 Error for yanagi?

25-30 are introductory to nemokoro.

41 = ahi-tamahi.

44 kaku shi tsune = just as now so always.

45 omokahari sezu, without change of face, i.e. keeping health and youth.

For tamahokono, aratamano, kagaminasu see List m. k.

234

Amage no kumo wo mite yomeru uta.

4 yo mo, four faces or quarters, everywhere.

10 wotsutsu = utsutsu.

11 tsuki = tribute, tax.

28 tawori, summit.

For amatsumidzu (used here in double sense), ashihikino see List m. k.

235

Tanabata no uta.

8 kora is an honour-plural, the Webster woman.

13 sono he yu = sono uhe yori, here = from that side, the other side where the Herdman is.

26 I take ware to refer to Yakamochi.

33 sure for koso sure.

Maki XIX, Kami

236

Ma-shirafu no taka wo yomeru uta.

13 katari-sake, utter, give expression to conversation; misake, send forth glance, i.e. look at, perceive.

22 uma tagi-yukite, tagu (taguru) is to draw (rope, cord, &c.).

27 ahase-yari is taken as referring to wo-suzu.

29 See N. I. 241, the uta.

37 ma-shirafu, shining, white-mottled.

For makuradzuku see List m. k.

237

U tsu kafu uta.

13 kagari sashi, place torch-holders = prepare or light decoy-flares.

14 nami-tsu[mori]-safu.

16 gatera to = here, by way of parting gift or souvenir.

For aratamano, ashihikino see List m. k.

238

Yo no tsune no naki koto no uta.

16 ohite = be or lie on.

31 impermanent.

For ashihikino, nubatamano see List m. k.

239

Masurawo no na wo furufu wo shitafu uta.

furufu, lit. to brandish, here to display.

1 The line is a sort of phonetic m. k. of chichi, father; chichi no mi is the fruit of Ginkgo biloba (the maiden-hair tree). So hahaso-ba (leaf of Quercus dentata) is a phonetic m. k. of haha.

8 nare = koso nare, ya = ya ha (= Lat. num).

10 Read as munaskiku arubeki ya.

19 = ninzeraruru.

20 sayarazu = sawarazu (not stopped from executing duty).

For ashihikino see List m. k.

240

Hototogisu mata toki no hana wo yomeru uta.

3 ya chi, 8,000—i.e. all kinds of.

9, 10, 11, 12 … seem to mean sighing, yielding, reflecting (or melancholy), and pensive while vying … but I prefer the whole sense as given in my translation—reading arisofu for arikuru, of which I can make nothing.

20 ma-ko, true child, progeny; or mi-ko, fair progeny.

28 yatsu wo, see 239.

31 akatoki = akatsuki.

For akanesasu, ashihikino, nubatamano see List m. k.

241

Me ga Miyako ni imasu haha no mikoto ni okuramu tame ni atsuraherayete yomeru uta.

1-4 are epithetical of 5.

25 kahe, an old word for a species of live oak, some say Japanese yew, Torreya nucifera.

For amazakaru, ashihikino, shiratamano see List m. k.

242

U tsuki no mika no hi Yechizen Hangwan Ohotomo no Sukune Ikenushi ni okureru hototogisu no uta kankyu no omohi ni tahezute omohi wo noburu hito uta.

1 seko is Ikenushi.

8 = mi nagusamishi.

18 ura-kanashi, deeply kanashi, i.e. deeply moved here to joy, not grief.

19 kimi is Ikenushi.

20 The sentence ends with kofuru. The next sentence ends with nayamase (31), of which the logical subject is, hototogisu, understood.

243

Hototogisu wo yomeru uta.

15 shinubayu = shinubayuru.

244

Yamabuki wo yomeru uta.

8 nagimu (nagu) = nagusamamu.

16 [love] thoughts.

245

Fuse no midzu-umi ni asobite yomeru uta.

8 Epithetical of shigeki.

28 shinubame, we will surely take pleasure in, supply koso.

For konokureno, haruhanano see List m. k.

246

Yechizen Hanguwan … Ikenushi ni u wo okureru uta.

3 soko koko, there or here, everywhere.

17 to end refer more particularly to Ikenushi.

26 Note the precative ne.

27 waga seko is Ikenushi.

For amazakaru see List m. k.

247

Hototogisu mata fuji no hana wo yomeru uta.

1 momo, peach.

1-11 are introductory to futa of Futakami. From futa backwards to momo a literal translation would be good English—a capital instance of the way in which the order of words in Japanese permits of a telling climax.

5 awo yanagi.

6 mayone = mayu, eyebrow.

7 wemi magari, smile-arch, smile-curve.

13 ko is ki, tree, bush; kure, shadow or gloom.

17 yufudzuku-yo, evening-moonlight-night.

18 kasokeki, shadowy, dim.

19 harobaro, at a distance, far.

21 tachi-kuku, dart in and out.

22 ha furi, wing-shake.

26 kokire = mushiri-ire, take off (the blossoms) and put in.

27 shimaba shimu = somaba somu.

248

Hironaha ni okureru hototogisu no urami no uta.

14 I read matashimi as = imadashi.

21 tsuge I take as referring to the cuckoo who does not with his song herald the approach of summer for the poet.

249

Hototogisu wo yomeru uta.

Maki XIX, Naka

250

Wotome haka no uta ni ohite nazorafu uta.

3 kusuhashiki = kusushi.

1-12 relate to the wooers; 13, 14 are interjectional, expressing pity for the girl’s fate.

13, 14 wotomera ga [koto wo] kikeba.

15-20 describe her beauty, &c. 19, 20 though in the flower of her age; 21-34 her despair and death; 35 to end, her choice of a tomb-place, and the miraculous growth from the comb wherewith she marked the spot, that her memory might endure.

For utsusemino, tamakiharu, haruhanano, akinohano, tsuyushimono see List m. k.

251

Kanashimi uta.

1-10 in praise of the Mikado; 11-24 the poet’s seclusion in his frontier government.

15 kaze kumo, wind and clouds, regarded as bearers of tidings.

25-43 the tidings from City-Royal; 39, 40 see note 2, translation; 49 to end, his grief. The envoy is an exhortation to bear the ills of this fleeting world as a leal man should.

For utsusomino, ashihikino, tamahokono, tarachineno, masokagami, tamanowono, tatsukirino, tamamonasu see List m. k.

252

Miyako yori okoseru uta.

17-20 must be read with omokage, somewhat thus—ohobune no " yukura yukura ni " okitsu nami " towomu mayobiki " omokage ni "—the syntax is loose: towomu = tawamu, the m. k. okitsunami applies to towomu.

25 kedashi is here almost ‘doubtfully’; ahemu = tahemu.

For utsusemino, shinazakaru, okitsunami, ohobuneno see List m. k.

253

2 nakare, supply koso (naku are).

5 m. k. of nari (Narihata).

9 omohishi: here, as often, the relative form is used instead of the predicative.

18 nomeredo = nomedo (inoru).

254

TempyÔ itsutose to ifu toshi Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi ni okureru uta.

For soramitsu, awoniyoshi, oshiteru see List m. k.

255

Miyako ni mawi-noboru michi nite koto ni tsuke arakazhime yomeru toyo no agari ni haberite mikotonorite uketamaharu uta.

39 I take aki no hana to refer to the season merely.

For akitsushima, mononofuno, yasumishishi see List m. k.

Maki XIX, Shimo

256

Hiroki yotsu no kurawi kamitsu shina (jiushii jÔ) Koma no Asomi Fukushima ni mikotonorishite Naniha ni tsukahashi ohomiki sakana wo Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi Fujihara no Asomi Kiyokaha-ra ni tamaheru ohomi-uta.

3 midzu no he, midzu no uhe, i.e. on the sea.

5 funa no he, funa no uhe, i.e. on shipboard.

10 funa no he, prow.

15 toyo-mi-ki = rich-royal-sakÈ.

For soramitsu see List m. k.

257

Mikotonori wo uketamaharu ga tame ni arakazhime yomeru uta.

1-13 Praise of the Mikado. 14 to end, appeal to the loyalty of those invited to the Presence.

23, 24 hoki, hosaki (hogi, hosagi) = ihafu.

For ashihikino, tsuganokino, matsuganeno, awoniyoshi, yasumishishi, mononofuno see List m. k.

Maki XX, Kami

258

[TempyÔ shÔhÔ shichi nen] kisaragi nanuka no hi Sagamu no kuni no Sakimori Kotori tsukahi kami hiroki itsutsu no kurawi no shimotsu shina Fujihara no Asomi Sukunamaro ga tatematsureru uta no kadzu yatsu tada tsutanaki uta itsutsu ha kore wo agezu.

Sakimori no wakare no kokoro wo itamite yomeru uta.

Argument (dai), sakamori (sakahi mamori), garrison soldier or warrior, frontier defence.

6 osahe no ki, defensive fort = garrison, military post.

13 go forth to meet, i.e. the enemy.

17 negi = negirafu, seems to mean to thank, recompense, reward.

25 A sort of m. k. of Naniha.

53 nagaki ki-he.

For toriganaku, tarachineno, wakakusano, aratamano, ashigachiru, masurawono, shirotaheno, nubatamano see List m. k.

259

Omohi wo noburu uta.

50 ogironaki, a doubtful word—vast, boundless.

52 yutakeki, abundant, prosperous.

For oshiteru see List m. k.

260

2 ta-mahari, ta is intensitive (as in ta-motohori). This lay is in the dialect affected by officials in the Adzuma (Eastland).

4 kuye = koye.

5 arashi-wo, vir ferox, fortis (masurawo).

5, 6 Descriptive of Fuha no seki.

8 = tachi yo, &c.

10 This line is epithetical of tsuku (stamp, as hoofs do); part of place-name, Tsukushi.

11 chimari = tomari.

Maki XX, Naka

261

Sakimori no kokoro ni narite omohi wo nobite yomeru uta.

18 nogohi = nuguhi.

43 so-ya, war-arrows, as distinct from hunting-arrows.

44 soyo, noise of rustling—is there a quibble here?—soya, soyo, one fears there is.

For masurawono, tarachineno, wakakusano, muratorino, ashigachiru, tadzuganeno see List m. k.

262

Sakimori no wakare no kokoro wo noburu uta.

5, 6 sound-play, hahaso-ba, haha. hahaso = Quercus dentata.

9, 10 sound-play, chichi no mi, chichi no mi[koto]. chichi no ki = ichÔ = Ginkgo biloba (maiden-hair tree).

11 takudzunu is m. k. of shira[hige].

15 kako = shika (no) ko.

44 i-tamuru = i-tamotohoru.

73 ka = kaji.

For chichinomino, takudzununo, aratamano, wakakusano, harutorino, shirotaheno, ohokimino, tamahokono, utsusemino, tamakiharu see List m. k.

Maki XX, Shimo

263

Yagara wo satosu uta.

8 ta-nigiri, ta is emphatic.

18 kuni-magi appears to mean, opening the country.

20 kotomuke.

22 yahashi, quell.

39 he = kata.

45 umi no ko, progeny, descendants.

48 Note the rare form tsugitete (tsugitsutsu).

53 Seems to = ohohoshiku, with omofu, treat lightly.

55 muna koto = munashiki kotoba.

56 oya no na wo tatsuna = expose not the family name.

For hisakatano, chihayaburu, Akitsushima see List m. k.

264

Mi tose to ifu toshi mutsuki no tsukitachi no hi Inaba no kuni no matsurigoto-tono nite tsukasa hitora wo ahesuru no utage no uta hitotsu ohari no mizhika uta.