Strictly speaking there can be no bibliography of such a subject as “newspapers.” There have been occasional works on journalism, but after a few years they become out of date and useless. For the history of newspapers in general, with a slight sketch of the foreign press the article in the EncyclopÆdia Britannica on “Newspapers,” gives the facts admirably in small compass. The same may be said of an article on “Advertising” in Chambers’ EncyclopÆdia. On the press for pressmen I only know of one good book, Mr. Given’s, The Making of a Newspaper. On English journalism and the gossip of the calling a very full book is Mr. T. H. S. Escott’s Masters of Journalism, but it is not guiltless of inaccuracies. The best supply of valuable material on this subject is undoubtedly contained in various biographies, such as those of Defoe, Swift, etc., and in modern times the Life of Delane, by Sir George Dasent; the Life of Sir W. H. Russell by Mr. J. B. Atkins, very good with often a better glimpse of Delane than in the official life; the Life of E. Godkin by Mr. R. Ogden. Memoirs are useful but not so reliable; such as the Memoirs of Horace Greeley, of De Blowitz, and the highly-coloured Memoirs of Henri Rochefort. The published works of Russell, Archibald Forbes and G. W. Steevens have very considerable value in this connection. I may conclude with one or two recent novels on journalistic life, which throw a good deal of side light on the subject; A Hind let Loose by C. E. Montague; the Street of Adventure by Philip Gibbs; Mightier than the Sword by Alphonse Courlander; The Way of the World by Mr. D. C. Murray; and When a Man’s Young by Mr. J. M. Barrie. Mr. Rudyard Kipling and Sir Conan Doyle have written some good journalistic stories, chiefly about war correspondence. An excellent history of printing appeared in the Times Supplement of Sept. 10, 1912.

In this connection I must render a special tribute to the merits of the technical organ of the English press, the Newspaper Owner, which furnishes a vast amount of special information, for those who know how to use it. It is owned and edited by Mr. Charles Baker, and for much of the information on current topics, which has appeared in these former pages, I am indebted to his columns.