Charles Clemon Deam The trees of this family that occur in our area have simple, alternate leaves; perfect, regular flowers, 5-merous calyx and corolla; fruit a more or less fleshy pome. Flowers in racemes, cavities of mature fruit twice as many as the styles, seeds less than 4 mm. (1/8 inch) long 2Amelanchier. Flowers in cymes or corymbs, cavities of mature fruit as many as the styles, seeds more than 4 mm. (1/8 inch) long. Fruit green, mature carpels papery 1 Malus. Fruit red, orange, blue-black or yellow, mature carpels bony 3 CratÆgus. I. MÀLUS. The Apples. Malus angustifolia has been reported from the State, but it is a species of more southern range. Both Malus ioensis and Malus lancifolia may easily be mistaken for this species. Leaves and petioles glabrous or only slightly pubescent; calyx tube and outside of calyx lobes glabrous or only slightly pubescent.
Leaves distinctly lobed, at least those of vigorous shoots; petioles pubescent above	1M.glaucescens.
Leaves serrate, not lobed; petioles glabrous	2 M. lancifolia.
Leaves (at least the lower surfaces) and petioles densely tomentose; calyx lobes densely tomentose on both sides	3 M. ioensis.

1. Malus glaucÉscens Rehder. American Crab Apple (M. fragrans Rehder). Plate 72. Bark reddish, fissured and scaly; leaves on glandless petioles, petioles usually 2-4 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₂ inches) long, leaves narrow ovate to almost triangular, those on the lateral branchlets of the ovate type, those of the terminal branchlets and vigorous shoots of the triangular type, 3-8 cm. (1¹/₂-3 inches) long, acute at the apex, mostly rounded or somewhat cordate at the base, sometimes tapering, those of the triangular type usually truncate, margin of the ovate type of leaves more or less sharply serrate, the basal third of the leaf with shallow teeth or entire, margins of the triangular type more deeply serrate to almost lobed, hairy above and below when they expand, becoming smooth both above and below, sometimes a few hairs are found on the veins beneath at maturity, bright green above, paler beneath; flowers appear in May when the leaves are about half grown, usually 5 or 6 in a cluster, white or rose-color, very fragrant, 3-4 cm. (1¹/₂-2 inches) broad when fully expanded; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, tomentose on the inside, glabrous outside; fruit depressed-globose, without angles, yellow-green, 2-4.5 cm. (³/₄-2 inches) thick, 2-2.5 cm. (³/₄-1 inch) long, very fragrant and covered with a waxy bloom.

Distribution.—Central New York, lower peninsula Michigan, western New Jersey to northern Alabama and Missouri. Found in all parts of Indiana. No doubt in the original forests it was rare, but the removal of the large trees has been favorable to its growth until today it is somewhat frequent in moist open woods, along streams and neglected fences. It is most frequent among the hills in southern Indiana, and in all its distribution it is usually found in clumps.

In our area it is a small tree about 10-20 cm. (4-8 inches) in diameter and 4-6 m. (12-18 feet) high, with a spreading crown. An exceptionally large tree is located on the south bank of Round Lake in Whitley County which measures 1.3 m. (51 inches) in circumference at one meter (3 feet) above the ground where the first branch appears.

Specimens which were collected by the person whose name follows the county have been seen by the writer from the following counties of Indiana: Allen (Deam) 1919; Brown (Deam) 1911; Clark (Deam) 1913; Daviess (Deam) 1910; Decatur (Deam) 1911; Delaware (Deam) 1911; Floyd (Very) 1896; Fountain (Deam) 1919; Hamilton (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam) 1913; Kosciusko (Deam) 1910; Laporte (Deam) 1911; Morgan (Deam) 1910; Noble (Deam) 1919; Owen (Deam) 1911; Posey (Deam) 1911; Randolph (Deam) 1916, 1919; Steuben (Deam) 1905; Warren (Deam) 1911; Wayne (Deam) 1919; Wells (E. B. Williamson) 1896, (Deam) 1898, 1907, 1916, 1919.

Plate 72

2. Malus lancifÒlia Rehder. Narrow-leaved Crab Apple. (M. coronaria of manuals, in part.) Plate 73. Leaves ovate, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. (¹/₂-1¹/₄ inches) wide, 3.5-8 cm. (1¹/₂-3 inches) long, acute or shortly acuminate at the apex; rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, finely serrate often doubly serrate, slightly tomentose when young, becoming entirely glabrous; bright yellow-green on both sides. Flowers 3-3.5 cm. broad, 3-6 in a cluster, pedicels slender, glabrous. Calyx lobes oblong, lanceolate, glabrous outside, slightly villous inside, fruit subglobose, 2-3 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₃ inches) in diameter, green.

Distribution.—Pennsylvania to the mountains of North Carolina, west to Indiana and south to Missouri.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties of Indiana: Allen (Deam) 1919; Daviess (Deam) 1919; Delaware (Deam) 1911; Dubois (Deam) 1919; Fountain (Deam) 1919; Henry (Deam) 1917, 1919; Jay (Deam) 1919; Jennings (Deam); Knox (Deam) 1918, 1919; Noble (Deam) 1919; Posey (Deam) 1919; Spencer (Deam) 1919; Starke (Deam) 1911; Union (Deam) 1919; Vermillion (Deam) 1911.3. Malus ioÉnsis (Wood) Britton. Western Crab Apple. Iowa Crab Apple. Plate 74. Leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, 4-10 cm. (1¹/₂-4 inches) long, 2-8 cm. (³/₄-3¹/₄ inches), wide, obtuse or acute at the apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, dentate-crenate or doubly so, slightly pubescent above, becoming glabrous, dark green, slightly rugose above, densely white-tomentose below, remaining so at least along the veins; petioles 1.5-4 cm. (¹/₂-1¹/₂ inches) long, densely white-tomentose; corymbs 2-5 flowered, pedicels pubescent; calyx densely white-tomentose, calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, densely tomentose on both sides; flowers similar to those of Malus coronaria; fruit globose, without angles, green, 2-3.5 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₂ inches) thick, 2-3 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₄ inches) long.

Distribution.—Indiana, central Kentucky, Louisiana, Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, eastern Kansas and Texas. A tree in habit, similar to Malus glaucescens.

Specimens have been seen from Allen (Deam) 1915; Benton (Deam) 1919; Cass (Deam) 1916; Daviess (Deam) 1919; Delaware (Deam) 1911; Floyd (Very) 1896; Huntington (Deam); Jasper (Deam) 1919; Knox (Deam) 1917; Lake (Deam) 1919; Lagrange (Deam) 1915; Laporte (Deam) 1913, 1919; Newton (Deam) 1919; Porter (Deam) 1915; Posey (Deam) 1919; Putnam (Grimes); Sullivan (Deam) 1917, 1919; Tippecanoe (Dorner) 1900, (Deam) 1917; Vigo (Deam) 1917, 1919; Warren (Deam) 1919; White (Deam) 1916; Whitley (Deam) 1919.

Plate 73

Plate 74

Malus ioensis × lancifolia n. hyb. Specimens collected by Deam in Grant County in 1907 and Huntington County in 1919 appear to be this cross. It would be strange indeed if such closely related species as these Malus and many CratÆgus would not cross.

2. AMELÁNCHIER. The Service Berries.

1. Amelanchier canadÉnsis (LinnÆus) Medicus. Juneberry. Service Berry. Plate 75. Leaves obovate, ovate, oval or oblong, 4-10 cm. (1¹/₂-3 inches) long, 2.5-5 cm. (1-2 inches) wide, cordate at base, acute, or acuminate at apex, sharply and doubly serrate; blades and petioles densely white tomentose when young, persisting particularly on petioles with age, green or yellowish green, not unfolded at flowering time; racemes short, dense, silky tomentose pedicels, 15-25 mm. (¹/₂-1 inch) long in fruit; petals linear or linear-oblong 10-14 mm, (³/₈-⁵/₈ inch) long; calyx 2.5-3 mm. broad, campanulate, glabrous or somewhat woolly, calyx lobes oblong-triangular, obtuse, tomentose 2-3 mm. long, abruptly reflexed at the base when the petals fall; summit of ovary glabrous; fruit scanty, maroon-purple, dry and tasteless; flowers in April or May; fruit ripening June or July.

Distribution.—Southern Maine to southern Michigan, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and south to Georgia and Louisiana.

Bushy tree or shrub sometimes 10 meters (35 feet) high.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Clark (Deam) 1913; Clay (Deam) 1913; Crawford (Deam) 1911; Floyd (Deam) 1913; Fountain (L. A. Williamson) 1908; Jackson (Deam) 1911; Jefferson (Deam) 1918; Jennings (Deam); Lagrange (Deam) 1915; Tippecanoe (Dorner) 1900; Warren (Deam) 1911.2. Amelanchier laÉvis Wiegand. Smooth Juneberry. Service Berry. (Amelanchier canadensis of Manuals, in part.) Plate 76. Leaves ovate-oval to ovate-oblong or sometimes obovate or elliptical, 4-6 cm. (¹/₂-2¹/₄ inches) long, 2.5-4 cm. (1-1¹/₂ inches) wide, apex short, acuminate, base cordate, rounded or sometimes acute, sharply serrate, glabrous or with a few hairs when young, dark green and slightly glaucous when mature, one-half or two-third grown at flowering time; petioles glabrous; racemes many flowered, drooping, glabrous or nearly so; fruiting pedicels 30-50 mm. (1¹/₄-2 inches) long; petals oblong-linear, 10-18 mm. (³/₈-³/₄ inch) long; calyx campanulate, 2.75-5 mm. wide, glabrous, sepals triangular, lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, abruptly reflexed at base when petals fall; summit of ovary glabrous; fruit purple to nearly black, glaucous, edible; flowers in April or May; fruit, June or July.

Plate 75

Plate 76

Distribution.—Newfoundland, northern Michigan, Kansas, Missouri and south in the mountains to Georgia and Alabama.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Brown (Deam) 1910; Dubois (Deam) 1912; Grant (Deam) 1916; Jackson (Deam) 1918; Jefferson (Deam) 1918; Lagrange (Deam) 1915; Lake (Deam) 1911; Laporte (Deam) 1911, 1913; Lawrence (Deam) 1918; Owen (Deam) 1912; Perry (Deam) 1919; Porter (Deam) 1911 and (Agnes Chase); Putnam (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam) 1913; Ripley (Deam) 1915; St. Joseph (Deam) 1916; Steuben (Deam) 1905; Wells (Deam) 1898.

Trees or shrubs, sometimes 13 meters (45 feet) high. In the mountains of Vermont the fruit is often abundant, very juicy and sweet, and in much demand both by man and the birds. The berries on the long racemes ripen at different times and are perhaps two weeks in maturing, thus furnishing food for some time.

3. CRATAÈGUS. Thorn Apples. Red Haws.

Large shrubs or small trees, most at home in a limestone region. This genus has been studied a great deal in this country. Much work is still necessary in Indiana since there are a number of other species that belong in this range. The "knob country" and southwestern Indiana are likely to produce the best results.

1. Crataegus Crus-gÁlli LinnÆus. Cock-spur Thorn. Newcastle Thorn. Plate 77. Bark dark gray, scaly; spines many, strong, straight, 3-18 cm. (1-7 inches) long; leaves obovate to elliptical, 2-10 cm. (³/₄-4 inches) long, 1-4 cm. (¹/₄-1¹/₂ inches) wide, sharply serrate, except towards the base, acute or rounded at the apex, cuneate, dark green and shining above, coriaceous, glabrous or occasionally slightly pubescent; petioles slightly winged above, glandless, 1-2 cm. (³/₈-³/₄ inch) long; corymbs glabrous or occasionally pubescent, many flowered; flowers appear in May or June, about 1.5 cm. (²/₃ inch) wide; stamens 10-20; anthers usually pink; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire; styles and nutlets usually 2; fruit ripens in October, ellipsoidal-ovoid to subglobose, about 1 cm. (³/₈ inch) thick, greenish to red; flesh hard and dry, rather thin.

Distribution.—Northern New York to Ontario, eastern Kansas and south through western Connecticut to Georgia and Texas. Introduced near Montreal, about Lake Champlain and Nantucket Island. Well distributed in Indiana (but apparently more common in the southern part of the State).

A small tree, sometimes 10 m. (35 feet) high, with spreading branches and a broad crown; but often a large shrub. This is a variable species and has received many names.

I have seen specimens from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Crawford (Deam); Dearborn (Deam); Decatur (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Delaware (Deam); Dubois (Deam); Franklin (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Grant (Deam); Hancock (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Jackson (Deam); Knox (Schneck); Lawrence (Deam); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Posey (Deam); Owen (Grimes); Randolph (Deam); Scott (Deam); Tippecanoe (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Washington (Deam); Wells (Deam).2. Crataegus cuneifÓrmis (Marshall) Eggleston. (C. pausiaca Ashe). Marshall's Thorn. Plate 78. Bark dark brown, scaly; spines numerous, 2-18 cm. (³/₄-7 inches) long; leaves oblanceolate-obovate, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate 3-6 cm. (¹/₂-1¹/₂ inches) wide, dark vivid yellow-green, glabrous and impressed veined above when mature, subcoriaceous; petioles 1-2 cm. (³/₈-³/₄ inch) long, slightly winged above; corymbs usually slightly pubescent, many flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.2-1.5 cm. (¹/₂-²/₃ inch) wide; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire; stamens, 10-15; anthers dark pink; styles and nutlets 2-4; fruit ripens in October, ellipsoidal-pyriform, scarlet or dark red, about 8 mm. (³/₈ inch) thick, flesh hard, thick.

Distribution.—Western New York and Pennsylvania to southwestern Virginia, west to central Illinois.

Plate 77

Plate 78

A small tree sometimes 8 m. (25 feet) high, with spreading branches, forming a flat or round crown. This species is intermediate between Crus-galli and punctata and has been found as yet only in a region where both these species are known.

I have seen specimens from the following counties: Clark (Deam); Floyd (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Hamilton (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Knox (Schneck); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Posey (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Wells (Deam).3. Crataegus punctÀta Jacquin. Large-fruited Thorn. Dotted Haw. Plate 79. Bark grayish-brown, scaly; leaves light grey, 2-5 cm. (³/₄-4 inches) long, 1-5 cm. (¹/₄-2 inches) broad, dull gray-green and markedly impressed-vein above, pubescent, becoming nearly glabrous above when mature, acute or obtuse at the apex, sharply cuneate at the base, serrate, doubly serrate or lobed at the apex, subcoriaceous; petioles 1-2 cm. (³/₈-³/₄ inch) long, slightly winged above; corymbs tomentose or canescent, many flowered; flowers appear in June, about 2 cm. (⁵/₆ inch) wide; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate, entire; stamens about 20; anthers white or pink; styles and nutlets usually 3 or 4; fruit ripens in October or November, green, yellow or red, short-ellipsoidal, 1.2-2.5 cm. (¹/₂-1 inch) thick, flesh hard, thick; calyx lobes spreading.

Distribution.—Quebec to Pennsylvania, southeastern Minnesota, Iowa, Kentucky and south to the high Alleghenies. Well distributed over Indiana. A small tree, sometimes 10 m. (35 feet) high, with distinctly horizontal branches and a broad, flat crown.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Bartholomew (Deam); Dearborn (Deam); Fulton (Deam); Gibson (Deam); Grant (Deam); Hamilton (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Hendricks (Deam); Howard (Deam); Jennings (Deam); Johnson (Deam); Marion (Deam); Noble (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Vermillion (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).4. Crataegus MargarÈtta Ashe. Judge Brown's Thorn. Mrs. Ashe's Thorn. Plate 80. Bark dark grayish-brown; spines curved, 2-4 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₂ inches) long; leaves oblong-obovate or ovate, sometimes broadly so, 2-6 cm. (³/₄-2¹/₂ inches) long, 2-4 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₂ inches) wide, obtuse or acute at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, serrate or doubly serrate with 2 or 3 pairs of acute or obtuse lobes towards the apex, glabrous when mature, dark green above, membranaceous; petioles 1-3 cm. (³/₈-1¹/₄ inches) long, slightly winged; corymbs slightly pubescent, becoming glabrous, 5-12 flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.5-2 cm. (¹/₂-⁵/₆ inch) wide; stamens about 20; anthers yellow; styles and nutlets usually 2; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, slightly pubescent inside; fruit ripens in October, dull rusty green, yellow or red, compressed-globose, to short ellipsoidal, angular, 8-25 mm. (¹/₂-²/₃ inch) thick, flesh yellow, mealy, hard, thick; calyx lobes reflexed, deciduous.

Plate 79

Plate 80

Distribution.—Southern Ontario to central Iowa, western Virginia, Tennessee and Missouri. Known in Indiana only from the northern part of the State.

A small tree sometimes 8 m. (25 feet) high, with spreading branches.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Blackford (Deam); Cass (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Delaware (Deam); Elkhart (Deam); Fulton (Deam); Grant (Deam); Henry (Deam); Huntington (Deam); Johnson (Deam); Lagrange (Deam); Lawrence (Deam); Noble (Deam); Randolph (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Tipton (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).5. Crataegus collÌna Chapman. Chapman's Hill Thorn. Plate 81. Bark dark gray, scaly; spines numerous, about 3-7 cm. (1-2¹/₂ inches) long; often numerous branched thorns on the trunk 15-20 cm. (6-8 inches) long, brown; leaves obovate to oblanceolate, 2-6 cm. (³/₄-2¹/₄ inches) long, 1.5-5 cm. (¹/₂-2 inches) wide, acute or obtuse at the apex, strongly cuneate, serrate or doubly serrate with obtuse lobes towards the apex, subcoriaceous, yellow-green, young leaves somewhat pubescent, becoming glabrous with age; petioles about 2.5 cm. (1 inch) long, slightly hairy, somewhat winged; corymbs and calyx pubescent; flowers about 15 mm. (³/₄ inch) wide; stamens 10-20, usually 20, anthers usually yellow; styles and nutlets, 4-5; calyx lobes glandular-ciliate or glandular-serrate; fruit ripens in October, globose or compressed-globose, red or orange-red, 9-12 mm. (³/₈-¹/₂ inch) thick; calyx tube somewhat prominent, the lobes reflexed.

Distribution.—Virginia to Georgia, Indiana, Missouri and Mississippi.

Only one station known in Indiana; Deam's No. 12449 from Dearborn County.

A tree sometimes 8 meters (25 feet) high with spreading branches and a broad flat crown.6. Crataegus succulÉnta Schrader. Long-spined Thorn. Plate 82. Bark gray; spines numerous, strong, 3-10 cm. (1¹/₂-4 inches) long, chestnut-brown; leaves rhombic-ovate to obovate, 3-8 cm. (1¹/₄-3¹/₄ inches) long, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2¹/₂ inches) wide, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate with fine teeth, often lobed towards the apex, coriaceous, dark shining green above, pubescent along the veins beneath; petioles 1-2 cm. (³/₈-³/₄ inch) long, slightly winged above; corymbs slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (³/₄ inch) broad; stamens 10-20, usually 10; anthers pink or occasionally yellow or white, large; styles and nutlets usually 2 or 3; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, glandular-laciniate, villous; fruit ripens in September, subglobose, 5-15 mm. (¹/₄-²/₃ inch) thick, dark red, shining, flesh thin, glutinous; nutlet with deep pits on the inner faces; calyx-lobes villous, reflexed.

Plate 81

Plate 82

Distribution.—Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Nebraska and south in the higher Alleghenies to North Carolina and in the Rocky Mountains to southern Colorado. As yet reported only from northern to central Indiana.

A small tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending branches and a broad, irregular crown; more often, however, a large shrub.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Cass (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Fulton (Deam); Noble (VanGorder); Putnam (Grimes); Tippecanoe (Deam); Wells (Deam).

Horticultural Uses.—Highly ornamental for parks and hedges because of the abundant flowers, dark green shining leaves and its dark red shining fruit.7. Crataegus neo-fluviÀlis Ashe. New River Thorn. Plate 83. Bark grayish; spines numerous, 2.5-8 cm. (1-3 inches) long; leaves elliptical-ovate to obovate, 2.5-8 cm. (1-3 inches) long, 2-6 cm. (³/₄-2¹/₂ inches) wide, acute or obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, sharply and doubly serrate, with obtuse or acute lobes towards the apex, coriaceous, dark green and shining above, pubescent along the veins beneath; petioles 1-2 cm. (³/₈-³/₄ inch) long, slightly winged-above; corymbs and calyx-tubes glabrous or slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.2-1.6 cm. (¹/₂-²/₃ inch) broad, stamens 15-20, anthers usually pink, small; styles and nutlets usually 2 or 3; calyx lobes more villous on the inside, lanceolate-acuminate, glandular-laciniate; fruit ripens in September, globose or short ellipsoidal, dark red, 4-13 mm. (¹/₄-¹/₂ inch) thick, flesh thin, glutinous, nutlets with deep pits in the inner faces; calyx lobes reflexed, glabrous or slightly hairy.

Distribution.—Western Vermont to eastern Wisconsin, Iowa and south in the Alleghenies to North Carolina.

A small tree sometimes 8 m. (30 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches.

Specimens have been seen from Allen (Deam); Fulton (Deam); Shelby (Deam); Wells (Deam).

Plate 83

Plate 84

8. Crataegus CalpodÉndron (Ehrhart) Medicus. Pear-thorn. Pear or Red Haw. Plate 84. Bark pale gray to dark brown, furrowed; spines occasional, slender 3-5 cm. (1¹/₄-2 inches) long; leaves rhombic-ovate, 4-11 cm. (1¹/₂-4¹/₂ inches) long, 3-8 cm. (1¹/₄-3 inches) wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, finely and doubly serrate, those on the vegetative shoots obtuse and more entire than the others, pubescent on both sides, becoming scabrate above, subcoriaceous, dull green above; petioles about 2 cm. (³/₄ inch) long, wing margined, glandular hairy; corymbs white-tomentose, many flowered; flowers appear in June, about 1.5 cm. (²/₃ inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers small, pink; styles and nutlets usually 2 or 3; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, glandular laciniate; fruit ripens in September, pyriform to ellipsoidal, orange-red or red, 8-10 mm. (¹/₃ inch) thick, flesh glutinous; nutlets with deep pits in their inner faces; calyx lobes reflexed.

Distribution.—Central New York, northeastern New Jersey to Minnesota and Missouri and south in the mountains to northern Georgia.

A large shrub or occasionally a tree 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending branches forming a broad crown.

Specimens have been examined from the following counties: Boone (Deam); Floyd (Deam); Hancock (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Harrison (Deam); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Posey (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Tippecanoe (Stanley Coulter); Wells (Deam); White (Deam); Whitley (Deam).9. Crataegus chrysocÁrpa Ashe. (Crataegus Dodgei Sargent. Crataegus rotundifolia, Borckhausen.) Round-leaved Thorn. Plate 85. Bark dark red-brown, scaly; spines numerous, chestnut-brown, curved, 2-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves ovate-orbicular or obovate, 3-6 cm. (1¹/₄-2¹/₄ inches) long, 2-6 cm. (³/₄-2¹/₄ inches) wide, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate at the base, doubly serrate with rather coarse teeth and with 3 or 4 pairs of acute lobes, subcoriaceous, dark yellow-green and shining above, slightly pubescent or glabrous; corymbs glabrous or slightly pubescent; flowers 10-15 mm. (¹/₂-³/₄ inch) wide; stamens 5-10; anthers light yellow; styles and nutlets usually 3-4; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate, usually entire, but glandular margined; fruit depressed-globose to short ovoid, about 10 mm. (¹/₂ inch) thick, flesh soft; calyx lobes reflexed.

Distribution.—Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to Saskatchewan, south to Nebraska and Pennsylvania and in the mountains to North Carolina and New Mexico.

Round topped shrub or tree sometimes 8 meters (25 feet) high.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Delaware and Lagrange (Deam).

Plate 85

Plate 86

10. Crataegus vÍridis LinnÆus. Southern Thorn. Plate 86. Bark gray to light orange; spines uncommon, 2-5 cm. (³/₄-3¹/₄ inches) long; leaves oblong-ovate, 2-8 cm. (³/₄-3¹/₄ inches) long, 2-5 cm. (¹/₂-2 inches) wide, acute, acuminate or even obtuse at the apex, serrate or doubly serrate, often with acute or obtuse lobes towards the apex, dark green, shining and slightly impressed veined above, sometimes pubescent along the veins beneath; petioles 1-2 cm. (³/₈-³/₄ inch) long, slightly winged above; corymbs glabrous, many flowered; flowers appear in May, 1-1.5 cm. (¹/₂-²/₃ inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers usually yellow, sometimes pink; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire, slightly pubescent inside; fruit ripens in October, globose or compressed-globose, bright red or orange, glaucous, 4-6 mm. (¹/₄ inch) thick, flesh thin, hard, edible.

Distribution.—Moist, alluvial soil along streams and lakes, southeastern Virginia to northern Florida and southwestern Indiana to eastern Kansas and Texas.

A tree from 6-11 m. (20-35 feet) high, with ascending branches and a broad crown.

Specimens have been examined from the following counties: Dubois (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Knox (Schneck); Posey (Deam).11. Crataegus nÍtida (Engelmann) Sargent. Shining Thorn. Plate 87. Bark dark and scaly; spines occasional, 3-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves oblong-ovate to oval, 3-8 cm. (1¹/₄-3 inches) long, 2-6 cm. (³/₄-2¹/₄ inches) wide, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, coarsely serrate or twice serrate with acute lobes towards the apex, dark green and shining above, glabrous; petioles 1-2 cm. (³/₈-³/₄ inch) long, slightly winged above, slightly villous when young; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.2-2 cm. (¹/₂-³/₄ inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers light yellow; styles and nutlets 3-5; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire; fruit ripens in October, globose to short-ellipsoidal, dark dull red, 6-9 mm. (¹/₄-¹/₂ inch) thick; flesh yellow, mealy, hard.

Distribution.—River bottoms southwestern Indiana to southern Illinois. A tree sometimes 9 m. (30 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches and a broad crown.

Specimens have been seen from Gibson (Schneck); Posey (Deam).

Plate 87

CRATÆGUS NITIDA (Engelmann) Sargent. Shining Thorn. (× ¹/₂.)

Plate 88

12. Crataegus macrospÉrma Ashe. Variable Thorn. Plate 88. Bark brown, scaly; spines numerous, stout, curved, 2-7 cm. (³/₄-2³/₄ inches) long; leaves broadly elliptical-ovate to broadly ovate, 2-7 cm. (³/₄-2³/₄ inches) long and wide, acute at the apex, rounded, truncate or rarely cordate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate, slightly villous, becoming glabrate, dark yellow-green above, membranaceous; petioles slender, 2-3 cm. (¹/₂-1¹/₄ inches) long, slightly winged above; corymbs glabrous or slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.5-2 cm. (¹/₂-³/₄ inch) broad; stamens 5-20, usually 5-10; styles and nutlets usually 3 or 4; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire; fruit ripens in August or September, ellipsoidal or pyriform, scarlet to crimson, often glaucous, 1-1.8 cm. (¹/₃-³/₄ inch) thick, flesh succulent, edible; calyx lobes persistent, erect or spreading.

Distribution.—Nova Scotia and Maine to southeastern Minnesota and south in the mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee.

Usually a large shrub but occasionally a small tree, sometimes 8 m. (25 feet) high, with ascending branches.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Bartholomew (Deam); Clark (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Fulton (Deam); Hancock (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Madison (Deam); Porter (Deam); Randolph (Deam); Shelby (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Washington (Deam); Wells (Deam); Whitley (Deam).

Crataegus macrosperma Ashe. var. matura (Sargent) Eggleston. Lobes of the leaves acuminate, often recurved; fruit ripens early.

Distribution.—Known in Indiana only from Deam's specimen No. 14187 from Wells County.13. Crataegus basilÌca Beadle. (Crataegus alnorum Sargent. Crataegus Edsoni Sargent). Edson's Thorn. Plate 89. Bark brown, scaly; spines 2.5-4 cm. (1-1¹/₂ inches) long, stout, curved; leaves ovate, 3-7 cm. (1¹/₄-2³/₄ inches) long, acute at the apex, broadly cuneate or truncate at base, serrate or doubly serrate with acute lobes, dull dark yellow-green above, paler beneath; corymbs glabrous, many flowered; flowers 15-20 mm. (⁵/₈-⁷/₈ inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets 3-5; fruit subglobose, slightly angular, dark cherry-red, 12-15 mm. (¹/₂-⁵/₈ inch) thick, flesh succulent; calyx lobes erect or spreading.

Distribution.—New England to southern Michigan, northern Indiana and Pennsylvania to mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee.

A broad shrub or small tree sometimes 4.5 meters (15 feet) high, branches ascending.

Specimens examined: Wells (Deam).

Plate 89

Plate 90

14. Crataegus JÉsupi Sargent. Jesup's Thorn. Twin Mountain Thorn. Plate 90. Bark grayish-brown; spines stout, straight 2-4 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₂ inches) long; leaves elliptical-ovate, 3.5-7 cm. (1¹/₂-3 inches) long, 2-5.5 cm. (1-2 inches) wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate to truncate-cordate, serrate or doubly serrate, with 4 or 5 pairs of acute lobes, yellow-green above, paler beneath, glabrous; petioles slender, 2-3.5 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₂ inches) long, slightly winged above; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (⁵/₆ inch) broad; stamens about 10; anthers dark red; styles and nutlets usually 3 or 4; calyx lobes entire; fruit ripens in October, short-ellipsoidal to pyriform, dark red, slightly angled, lacking bloom when mature, about 1 cm. (³/₈ inch) thick, flesh yellow, firm; calyx lobes mostly deciduous.

Distribution.—Western Vermont, to southwestern Wisconsin and south to Pennsylvania and Owen County, Indiana.

A shrubby tree, sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending branches and a round crown.

Specimens examined: Owen (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam).15. Crataegus rugÒsa Ashe. (Crataegus deltoides Ashe). Fretz's Thorn. Plate 91. Spines numerous, 3-6 cm. (1¹/₄-2¹/₂ inches) long, stout curved; leaves broadly ovate, 3-7 cm. (1-2³/₄ inches) long and broad, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate or truncate at the base, serrate or twice serrate with 4-6 pairs of broad acuminate lobes, glabrous, membranaceous; petioles 1-3 cm. (³/₈-1¹/₄ inches) long, glabrous; corymbs many-flowered, glabrous; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (⁵/₆ inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 4 or 5; calyx lobes deltoid-acuminate, entire or slightly serrate at the base; fruit ripens in October, depressed-globose, bright red, angular, glabrous, waxy, 1-1.5 cm. (¹/₂-²/₃ inch) thick, flesh yellow, somewhat succulent; calyx lobes persistent, spreading, the tube rather prominent.

Distribution.—Southwestern New England to southern Indiana and the mountains of North Carolina.

A shrub or tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending branches and an irregular crown.

Specimens examined: Allen (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Grant (Deam); Jennings (Deam); Owen (Deam); Perry (Deam); Wells (Deam).16. Crataegus fÍlipes Ashe. Miss Beckwith's Thorn. (Crataegus silvicola var. Beckwithae (Sargent) Eggleston). Plate 92. Spines numerous, curved, chestnut-brown, 2.5 to 6 cm. (1-2¹/₂ inches) long; bark slightly scaly; leaves 2-7 cm. (³/₄-2³/₄ inches) long, 2-6 cm. (³/₄-2¹/₂ inches) wide; leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded, truncate or on vegetative shoots cordate at base, serrate or doubly serrate, lower pair of acuminate lobes often deeply cut, membranaceous, glabrous; corymbs glabrous; flowers about 2 cm. (³/₄ inch) broad; stamens about 10; anthers pink; styles and nutlets 3-5; fruit globose or compressed-globose, cherry-red, 8-10 mm. (¹/₃ inch) thick, ripens in October.

Plate 91

Plate 92

Distribution.—Western New England to central Michigan and south to Pennsylvania and southern Indiana.

A shrub or tree sometimes 9 meters (30 feet) high, with irregular ascending branches.

Specimens have been seen from Perry County, Deam's No. 27104.17. Crataegus GattÍngeri Ashe. (Crataegus coccinea var. oligandra Torrey and Gray). Dr. Clapp's Thorn. Gattinger's Thorn. Plate 93. Spines numerous, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves narrowly ovate to deltoid, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2¹/₂ inches) long, 2-5 cm. (³/₄-2 inches) wide, acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, serrate or doubly serrate, lobed towards the apex, membranaceous, glabrous, dark green above; petioles glabrous, 2-3 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₄ inches) long; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (³/₄ inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers small, pink; styles and nutlets usually 3 or 4; fruit ripens in October, globose, angular, red, slightly waxy, 0.8-1.2 cm. (¹/₃-¹/₂ inch) thick, flesh hard; calyx tube prominent, the lobes triangular, spreading.

Distribution.—Southern Pennsylvania and southern Indiana to West Virginia and central Tennessee.

Shrub or small tree sometimes 4.5 m. (15 feet) high, with ascending, irregular branches.

Specimens seen from: Floyd (Dr. Clapp, before 1840); Knox (Schneck); Perry (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Wells (Deam).18. Crataegus pruinÒsa (Wendland) K. Koch. Waxy-fruited Thorn. Plate 94. Bark dark brown; spines numerous, slender, 3-6 cm. (1¹/₄-2¹/₂ inches) long; leaves elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, 2.5-6 cm. (1-2¹/₂ inches) long and wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, abruptly cuneate, rounded or occasionally cordate at the base, serrate or doubly serrate with 3 or 4 pairs of broad acute lobes towards the apex, blue-green, glabrous, membranaceous; petioles 2 or 3 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₄ inches) long, glabrous; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (⁵/₆ inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink or sometimes yellow or white; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, entire, slightly serrate at the base; fruit ripens in October, depressed-globose to short-ellipsoidal, strongly angled, waxy, apple green, becoming scarlet or purple, 1.2-1.5 cm. (¹/₂-²/₃ inch), thick, firm, yellow, sweet; calyx tube prominent, the lobes spreading, persistent.

Distribution.—Rocky, open woods, western New England to Michigan and south to North Carolina and Missouri. Well distributed in Indiana.

Plate 93

Plate 94

A small shrubby tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with irregular branches and crown.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Clark (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Delaware (Deam); Gibson (Deam); Hamilton (Deam); Hancock (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Lagrange (Deam); Madison (Deam); Marion (Deam); Monroe (Deam); Porter (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Randolph (Deam); Steuben (Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Tipton (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Warren (Deam); Wayne (Deam); Wells (Deam).19. Crataegus coccinioÌdes Ashe. Eggert's Thorn. (Crataegus Eggertii Britton). Plate 95. Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines curved, 2-6 cm. (³/₄-2¹/₂ inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, 4-9 cm. (1¹/₂-3¹/₂ inches) long, 3.5-8 cm. (1³/₄-3 inches) wide, acute at the apex, rounded or truncate at the base, doubly serrate with several pairs of broad, acute lobes, dark green above, paler and slightly tomentose along the veins beneath, membranaceous; petioles 2 to 3 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₄ inches) long, slightly pubescent; corymbs glabrous, 5-12 flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2 cm. (⁵/₆ inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 4 or 5; calyx lobes ovate, acute, glandular-serrate; fruit ripens in September, subglobose, obtusely angled, 1.5-2 cm. (³/₄-1 inch) thick, flesh reddish, subacid, edible; calyx tube prominent, the lobes spreading.

Distribution.—Montreal Island to Rhode Island and west to eastern Kansas and Missouri.

A small tree sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches and a broad, round-topped crown.

Specimens have been seen from: Floyd (Dr. Clapp, before 1840), (Deam); Gibson (Schneck); Marion (Deam); Martin (Deam); Vigo (Blatchley); Whitley (Deam).20. Crataegus coccÍnea LinnÆus. Scarlet Thorn. Red Haw. (Crataegus pedicillata Sargent). Plate 96. Bark light gray, spines stout, curved, 2-6 cm. (³/₄-2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, 3-10 cm. (1¹/₄-4 inches) long, 3-9 cm. (1¹/₄-3¹/₂ inches) wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate to truncate at the base, serrate, doubly serrate or lobed, slightly pubescent, becoming scabrous above, nearly glabrous beneath, membranaceous; corymbs glabrous or sometimes slightly villous, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, 1.5-2 cm. (²/₃-⁵/₆ inch) broad; stamens 10-20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets 3-5; fruit ripens in September, pyriform to short ellipsoidal, scarlet or red, glabrous or slightly pubescent, 1.5-2 cm. (³/₄-⁵/₆ inch) thick, flesh thick, dry and mealy; calyx lobes lanceolate-acuminate, glandular-serrate, erect or spreading, rather persistent.

Plate 95

Plate 96

Distribution.—Connecticut to Ontario, Illinois, Delaware and Pennsylvania.

A small tree sometimes 8 m. (25 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches and a broad, round-topped crown.

Specimens have been seen from the following counties: Floyd (Deam); Knox (Deam); Noble (VanGorder); Steuben (Deam); White (Deam).

Horticultural Uses.—This fine tree has been in the gardener's hands several centuries. There are specimens in the Kew Gardens, England, more than two hundred years old.

20a. Crataegus coccinea var. EllwangeriÀna, n. nom. (Crataegus pedicillata var. Ellwangeriana (Sargent) Eggleston). Corymbs densely villous; fruit slightly villous.

Distribution.—Known in Indiana from Deam's specimen No. 27355 from Warren County.21. Crataegus mÓllis (Torrey and Gray) Scheele. Red-fruited or Downy Thorn. Red Haw. Plate 97. Bark grayish-brown, fissured and scaly; spines curved, 3-5 cm. (1-2 inches) long; leaves broadly ovate, acute at the apex, cordate to truncate at the base, serrate or twice serrate with narrow acute lobes, 4-13 cm. (1¹/₂-5 inches) long, 4-10 cm. (1¹/₂-4 inches) wide, slightly rugose, densely tomentose beneath, tomentose above, becoming scabrous, membranaceous; petioles 2-4 cm. (³/₄-1¹/₂ inches) long, tomentose; corymbs tomentose, many-flowered; flowers appear in May, about 2.5 cm. (1 inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers light yellow; styles and nutlets 4 or 5; fruit ripens in September, short-ellipsoidal to subglobose, scarlet, 1.5-2.5 cm. (¹/₂-1 inch) thick, flesh thick, yellow, edible; calyx lobes glandular-serrate, swollen, erect or spreading, deciduous.

Distribution.—Southern Ontario to South Dakota, south to central Tennessee and Arkansas. This thorn is well distributed over Indiana.

A small tree often 13 m. (40 feet) high, with ascending and spreading branches, forming a broad, round-topped crown.

Specimens have been examined from the following counties: Allen (Deam); Cass (Mrs. Ida Jackson); Dearborn (Deam); Decatur (Deam); Delaware (Deam); Floyd (Deam); Gibson (Schneck), (Deam); Hancock (Deam); Hendricks (Deam); Henry (Deam); Jackson (Deam); Knox (Schneck), (Deam); Madison (Deam); Marion (Mrs. Chas. C. Deam); Montgomery (Grimes); Posey (Deam); Putnam (Grimes); Shelby (Deam); Sullivan (Deam); Vermillion (Deam); Wells (Deam); Whitley (Deam).

Plate 97

22. Crataegus PhÆnopyrum (LinnÆus fils) Medicus. Washington Thorn. Scarlet Haw. (Crataegus cordata Aiton). Plate 98. Bark grayish-brown, scaly; spines numerous, slightly curved, 2-5 cm. (³/₄-2 inches) long; leaves ovate-triangular, 2-8 cm. (³/₄-3 inches) long and wide, simply or doubly serrate, often 3-5 lobed, acute at the apex, rounded to cordate at the base, bright green above, glabrous; petioles slender, 1.5-5 cm. (¹/₂-2 inches) long, glabrous; corymbs glabrous, many-flowered; flowers appear in June, 8-12 mm. (¹/₃-¹/₂ inch) broad; stamens about 20; anthers pink; styles and nutlets usually 5; calyx lobes deltoid, entire, deciduous; fruit ripens in October or November, depressed-globose, scarlet, 4-6 mm. (¹/₆-¹/₄ inch) thick, nutlets with a bare apex and smooth back, flesh thin, firm.

Distribution.—Virginia to Georgia, Indiana to Arkansas. Moist rich soil. Naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Possibly it may be naturalized at the Indiana station. More knowledge of distribution in southern Indiana is needed to settle this question.

A shrubby tree sometimes 9 m. (30 feet) high, with nearly erect branches and an oblong crown.

Specimens have been seen from Wayne (Deam). It also occurs in the Wabash Valley.

Horticultural Uses.—This is one of the most desirable thorns for ornamental planting and hedges. Its scarlet autumn foliage and beautiful little scarlet fruit persist for a long time. It is also one of the American thorns long in cultivation, both in Europe and the United States.

Crataegus Álbicans LinnÆus. This species was reported for Indiana by Heimlich.[52]

The material at hand is not sufficient to make a satisfactory determination, hence it is omitted in the text.

According to the treatment of the genus Crataegus in Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora, 2nd Edition, the range of the following species extend into Indiana.

Plate 98