CONTENTS

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CHAPTER PAGE
PERU
I. THE INCA EMPIRE 3
II. THE SPANISH CONQUEST 20
III. CIVIL WARS AMONG THE CONQUERORS 41
IV. THE COLONIAL PERIOD 58
V. THE WARS OF INDEPENDENCE 74
VI. FROM INDEPENDENCE TO CHILEAN WAR 98
VII. THE CHILEAN WAR AND LATTER-DAY PERU 117

CHILE
I. THE SPANISH CONQUEST 135
II. THE COLONIAL PERIOD 148
III. THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 156
IV. THE FORMATIVE PERIOD 189
V. CHILE'S GREATNESS AND THE CIVIL WAR 211

BOLIVIA
I. THE CONQUEST AND THE MINES 235
II. THE COLONIAL SYSTEM AND TUPAC'S REVOLT 248
III. THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 255
IV. BOLIVIA INDEPENDENT 266

ECUADOR
I. THE CARAS 285
II. THE SPANISH CONQUEST 297
III. THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 311
IV. THE FORMATION OF ECUADOR 320
V. MODERN ECUADOR 330

VENEZUELA
I. CONQUEST, SETTLEMENT, AND COLONIAL DAYS 347
II. THE REVOLT 357
III. MODERN VENEZUELA 384

COLOMBIA
I. CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT 403
II. COLONIAL TIMES 419
III. THE WAR AGAINST SPAIN 430
IV. MODERN COLOMBIA 446

PANAMA
THE EVENTS LEADING TO INDEPENDENCE 475

INDEX
491

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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