DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF
ELKANAH BILLINGS,
First PalÆontologist of
the Geological Survey of Canada,
who laid the Foundations of our Knowledge
of the Invertebrate Fossils of Canada.

Fixity of Laws and Properties of Energy and Matter—Permanence of Continents and Oceans—The Permanent and the Changeable—Permanence of Animal and Vegetable Forms and Structures—Principles of Construction in the Parts of Trilobites—In the Skeletons of Sponges—In Early Vertebrates—In Plants Laws of Fixity and Diversity