Charles Darwin

ABBAS PACHA, a fancier of fantailed pigeons, 6.
ABBEY, Mr., on grafting, BABINGTON, C. C., on the origin of the plum, 10;
—British species of the genus Rosa, CABANIS, pears grafted on the quince, 22.
CABBAGE, DAHLBOHM, effects of food on hymenoptera, 23.
DAHLIA, EARLE, Dr., on colour-blindness, 14, 25.
EARS, of fancy rabbits, 4;
—deficiency of, in breeds of rabbits, 4;
—rudimentary, in Chinese sheep, 24;
—drooping, 24;
—fusion of, 26.
EATON, J. M., on fancy pigeons, 5, (2);
—variability of characters in breeds of pigeons, 5;
—reversion of crossed pigeons to coloration of Columba livia, 6;
—on pigeon-fancying, 6 (3);
—on tumbler-pigeons, 6, 21;
—carrier-pigeon, 6;
—effects of interbreeding on pigeons, 17;
—properties of pigeons, 20;
—death of short-faced tumblers in the egg, 21;
—Archangel-pigeon, 21.
ECHINODERMATA, metagenesis in, 27.
Ectopistes, specific difference in number of tail-feathers in, 5.
Ectopistes migratorius, sterile hybrids of, with Turtur vulgaris, 6.
EDENTATA, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, 25.
EDGEWORTH, Mr., use of grass-seeds as food in the Punjab, 9.
EDMONSTON, Dr., on the stomach in Larus argentatus and the raven, 24.
EDWARDS and Colin, on English wheat in France, 24.
EDWARDS, W. F., absorption of the minority in crossed races, 15.
EDWARDS, W. W., occurrence of stripes in a nearly thoroughbred horse, 2;
—in foals of racehorses, 2.
EGGS, of fowls, characters of, 7;
—variations of, in ducks, 8;
—of the silk-moth, 8.
EGYPT, ancient dogs of, 1 (2);
—ancient domestication of the pigeon in, 6;
—absence of the fowl in ancient, 7.
EGYPTIAN goose, hybrids of, with penguin duck, 8.
EHRENBERG, Prof., multiple origin of the dog, 1;
—dogs of Lower Egypt, 1;
—mummies of Felis maniculata, 1.
ELEMENTS of the body, functional independence of the, 27.
ELEPHANT, its sterility in captivity,18.
ELK, Irish, correlations in the, 25 (2).
ELLIOT, Sir WALTER, on cats in India, 1;
—on striped horses, 2;
—Indian domestic and wild swine, 3;
—pigeons from Cairo and Constantinople, 5;
—fantail pigeons, 5;
—Lotan tumbler pigeons, 5;
—a pigeon uttering the sound “Yahu,” 5;
—Gallus bankiva in Pegu, 7.
ELLIS, Mr., varieties of cultivated plants in Tahiti, 22.
ELM, nearly evergreen Cornish variety of the, 10, 24;
—foliage-varieties of the, 10.
ELM, weeping, 10;
—not reproduced by seed, 12.
Emberiza passerina, 18.
EMBRYOS, similarity of, 1;
—fusion of, 26.
ENGEL, on Laurus sassafras, 23.
ENGLAND, domestication of Bos longifrons in, 3;
—selection of horses in, in mediÆval times, 20;
—laws against the early slaughter of rams in, 20.
EPHEMERIDÆ, development of the, 27.
Epidendrum cinnabarinum, 11;
—and E. zebra, 17.
EPILEPSY, hereditary, 12, 14.
Equus burchellii, 2.
Equus quagga, 2.
Equus indicus, 1 (2).
Equus tÆniopus, 2 (2), 13.
ERDT, disease of the white parts of cattle, 25.
ERICACEÆ, frequency of contabescence in the, 18.
ERICHTHONIUS, an improver of horses by selection, 20.
ERMAN, on the fat-tailed Kirghisian sheep, 3, 23;
—on the dogs of the Ostyaks, 20.
Erodium, 13.
Erythrina crista-galli and E. herbacea, hybrids of, 22.
Eschscholtzia californica, self-sterile in England, 17.
ESQUILANT, Mr., on the naked young of dun-coloured pigeons, 5.
ESQUIMAUX dogs, their resemblance to wolves, 1;
—selection of, 20.
ESQUIROL, on hereditary insanity, 2.
EUDES-DESLONGCHAMPS, on appendages under the jaw of pigs, 3.
Euonymus japonicus, 11.
Euphorbia maculata, 23.
EUROPEAN cultivated plants, still wild in Europe, 9.
EVANS, Mr., on the Lotan tumbler pigeon, 5.
EVELYN, pansies grown in his garden, 10.
EVEREST, R., on the Newfoundland dog in India, 1, 24;
—degeneration of setters in India, 1;
—Indian wild boars, 3.
EWES, hornless, 26.
EXTINCTION of domestic races, 6.
EYES, hereditary peculiarities of the, 12;
—loss of, causing microphthalmia in children, 12;
—modification of the structure of, by natural selection, 20 (2).
EYEBROWS, hereditary elongation of hairs in, 12.
EYELIDS, inherited peculiarities of the, 12.
EYTON, Mr., on gestation in the dog, 1;
—variability in number of vertebrÆ in the pig, 3;
—individual sterility, 18.

Faba vulgaris, 9.
FABRE, observations on Ægilops triticoides, GAIT, inheritance of peculiarities of, 12.
GALAPAGOS Archipelago, its peculiar fauna and flora, HABIT, influence of, in acclimatisation, 24.
HÄCKEL, on fissiparous reproduction, ICHTHYOPTERYGIA, number of digits in the, 13.
Ilex aquifolium, 12.
IMAGINATION, supposed effect of, on offspring, 22.
Imatophyllum miniatum, bud-variation in, 11.
INCEST, abhorred by savages, 17.
INCUBATION, by crossed fowls of non-sitting varieties, 13.
INDIA, striped horses of, 2;
—pigs of, 3 (2);
—breeding of rabbits in, 4;
—cultivation of pigeons in, 6.
INDIVIDUAL variability in pigeons, 5.
INGLEDEW, Mr., cultivation of European vegetables in India, 18.
“INDISCHE Taube,” 5.
INHERITANCE, 12, 27, (2);
—doubts entertained of, by some writers, 12;
—importance of, to breeders, 11, 12;
—evidence of, derived from statistics of chances, 12;
—of peculiarities in man, 12, (2);
—of disease, 12 (3);
—of peculiarities in the eye, 12;
—of deviations from symmetry, 12;
—of polydactylism, 12;
—capriciousness of, 12;
—of mutilations, 12;
—of congenital monstrosities, 12;
—causes of absence of, 12;
—by reversion or atavism, 13;
—its connection with fixedness of character, 14;
—affected by prepotency of transmission of character, 14;
—limited by sex, 14;
—at corresponding periods of life, 14;
—summary of the subject of, 14;
—laws of, the same in seminal and bud varieties, 11;
—of characters in the horse, 2;
—in cattle, 3;
—in rabbits, 4;
—in the peach, 10;
—in the nectarine, 10;
—in plums, 10;
—in apples, 10;
—in pears, 10;
—in the pansy, 10;
—of primary characters of Columba livia in crossed pigeons, 5;
—of peculiarities of plumage in pigeons, 5;
—of peculiarities of foliage in trees, 10;
—effects of, in varieties of the cabbage, 9.
INSANITY, inheritance of, 12, 14.
INSECTS, regeneration of lost parts in, 10, 24;
—agency of, in fecundation of larkspurs, 12;
—effect of changed conditions upon, 18;
—sterile neuter, 19;
—monstrosities in, 22, 27.
INSTINCTS, defective, of silkworms, 8.
INTERBREEDING, close, ill effects of, 17, 19.
INTERCROSSING, of species, as a cause of variation, 6;
—natural, of plants, 10;
—of species of CanidÆ and breeds of dogs, 1;
—of domestic and wild cats, 1 (2);
—of breeds of pigs, 3 (2);
—of cattle, 3;
—of varieties of cabbage, 9;
—of peas, 9 (3);
—of varieties of orange, 10;
—of species of strawberries, 10 (2);
—of CucurbitÆ, 10 (2);
—of flowering plants, 10;
—of pansies, 10.
INTERDIGITAL pits, in goats, 3.
INTERMARRIAGES, close, 17 (2).
INTESTINES, elongation of, in pigs, 3;
—relative measurement of parts of, in goats, 3;
—effects of changed diet on, 24.
Ipomoea purpurea, 17.
IRELAND, remains of Bos frontosus and longifrons found in, 3.
IRIS, hereditary absence of the, 12;
—hereditary peculiarities of colour of the, 12;
—variation of, 11.
Iris xiphium, 11.
IRISH, ancient, selection practised by the, 20.
IRON period, in Europe, dog of, 1.
ISLANDS, oceanic, scarcity of useful plants on, 9.
ISLAY, pigeons of, 6.
ISOLATION, effect of, in favour of selection, 21 (2).
ITALY, vine-growing in, during the Bronze period, 10.
IVY, sterility of, in the north of Europe, 18.

JACK, Mr., effect of foreign pollen on grapes, 11.
JACKAL, 1 (3);
—hybrids of, with the dog, 1;
—prepotency of, over the dog, 1.
JACKSON, Mr., white-footed cats, 25.
JACOBIN pigeon, 5, 6.
JACQUEMET-BONNEFORT, on the mulberry, 10.
JAEGER, Prof., on reversion in pigs, from a cross, 13;
—white pigeons killed by hawks, 21.
JAGUAR, with crooked legs, 1.
JAMAICA, feral dogs of, 1;
—feral pigs of, 3;
—feral rabbits of, 4.
JAMESON, Mr., on hybrid potatoes, 11.
JAPAN, horses of, 2.
JAPANESE pig (figured), 3.
JARDINE, Sir W., crossing of domestic and wild cats, 1.
JARVES, J., silkworm in the Sandwich Islands, 8.
JAVA, fantail pigeon in, 5.
JAVANESE ponies, 2 (2).
JEITTELES, history of the dog, 1;
—history of the fowl, 7;
—Hungarian sheep-dogs, 1;
—crossing of domestic and wild cats, 1.
JEMMY BUTTON, 9.
JENYNS, L., whiteness of ganders, 8;
—sunfish-like variety of the goldfish, 8.
JERDON, J. C., number of eggs laid by the pea-hen, 20;
—origin of domestic fowl, 7.
JERSEY, arborescent cabbages of, 9.
JESSAMINE, 11.
JESSE, G. R., on the bulldog, 1.
JOHN, King, importation of stallions from Flanders by, 20.
JOHNSON, D., occurrence of stripes on young wild pigs in India, 3.
JORDAN, A., on Vibert’s experiments on the vine, 10;
—origin of varieties of the apple, 10;
—varieties of pears found wild in woods, 22.
JOURDAN, parthenogenesis in the silk-moth, 27.
JUAN DE NOVA, wild dogs on, 1.
JUAN FERNANDEZ, dumb dogs on, 1.
Juglans regia, 10.
JUKES, Prof., origin of the Newfoundland dog, 1.
JULIEN, Stanislas, early domestication of pigs in China, 3;
—antiquity of the domestication of the silkworm in China, 8.
JUMPERS, a breed of fowls, 7.
JUNIPER, variations of the, 10 (2).
Juniperus suecica, 10.
JussiÆa grandiflora, 18.
JUSSIEU, A. de, structure of the pappus in Carthamus, 24.

KAIL, Scotch, reversion in, 13.
KALES, 9.
“KALI-PAR” pigeon, 5.
KALM, P., on maize, 9, 24;
—introduction of wheat into Canada, 9;
—sterility of trees growing in marshes and dense woods, 18.
“KALMI LOTAN” tumbler pigeon, 5.
KANE, Dr., on Esquimaux dogs, 1.
KARAKOOL sheep, 3.
KARKEEK, on inheritance in the horse, 12.
“KARMELITEN Taube,” 5.
KARSTEN on Pulex penetrans, 23.
KATTYWAR horses, 2.
KEELEY, R., pelorism in Galeobdolon luteum, 13.
KERNER, on the culture of Alpine plants, 18;
—definite action of conditions, 23.
KESTREL, breeding in captivity, 18.
“KHANDÉSI,” 5.
KHANG-HI, selection of a variety of rice by, 20.
KIANG, 13.
KIDD, on the canary-bird, 8, 14.
KIDNEY bean, 10;
—varieties of, 22, 23.
KIDNEYS, compensatory development of the, 24;
—shape of, in birds influenced by the form of the pelvis, 26.
KING, Col., domestication of rock doves from the Orkneys, 6 (2).
KING, Dr., on Paritium, 11.
KING, P. P., on the dingo, 1 (2).
KIRBY and Spence, on the growth of galls, 23.
KIRGHISIAN sheep, 3.
KITE, breeding in captivity, 18.
KLEINE, variability of bees, 8.
KNIGHT, ANDREW, on crossing horses of different breeds, 2;
—crossing varieties of peas, 9, 17;
—persistency of varieties of peas, 9;
—origin of the peach, 10;
—hybridisation of the morello by the Elton cherry, 10;
—on seedling cherries, 10;
—variety of the apple not attacked by coccus, 10;
—intercrossing of strawberries, 10 (2);
—broad variety of the cock’s-comb, 10;
—bud variation in the cherry and plum, 11;
—crossing of white and purple grapes, 11;
—experiments in crossing apples, 11, 17;
—hereditary disease in plants, 12;
—on interbreeding, 17;
—crossed varieties of wheat, 17;
—necessity of intercrossing in plants, 19;
—on variation, 22 (2);
—effects of grafting, 11, 23;
—bud-variation in a plum, 23;
—correlated variation of head and limbs, 8.
KNOX, Mr., breeding of the eagle owl in captivity, 18.
KOCH, degeneracy in the turnip, 9.
KOHLRABI, 9.
KÖLREUTER, reversion in hybrids, 11, 13;
—acquired sterility of crossed varieties of plants, 10, 16;
—absorption of Mirabilis vulgaris by M. longiflora, 15;
—crosses of species of Verbascum, 15, 16;
—on the hollyhock, 16;
—crossing varieties of tobacco, 16;
—benefits of crossing plants, 17 (2), 19 (2);
—sell-impotence in Verbascum, 17 (2);
—effects of conditions of growth upon fertility in Mirabilis, 18;
—great development of tubers in hybrid plants, 18;
—inheritance of plasticity, 21;
—variability of hybrids of Mirabilis, 22;
—repeated crossing a cause of variation, 22;
—number of pollen-grains necessary for fertilisation, 27.
“KRAUSESCHWEIN,” 3.
KROHN, on the double reproduction of MedusÆ, 27.
“KROPF-TAUBEN,” 5.

LABAT, on the tusks of feral boars in the West Indies, 5;
—on French wheat grown in the West Indies, Macacus, species of, bred in captivity, 18.
MACAULAY, Lord, improvement of the English horse, NAILS, growing on stumps of fingers, 27.
NAIS, scission of, 27.
NAMAQUAS, cattle of the, 3, 20.
NARCISSUS, double, becoming single in poor soil, 18.
NARVAEZ, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, 9.
Nasua, sterility of, in captivity, 18.
“NATAS” or Niatas, a South American breed of cattle, 3.
NATHUSIUS, H. VON, on striped horses, 2;
—on the pigs of the Swiss lake-dwellings, 3;
—on the races of pigs, 3;
—convergence of character in highly-bred pigs, 3, 21;
—causes of changes in the form of the pig’s skull, 3 (2);
—changes in breeds of pigs by crossing, 3;
—change of form in the pig, 23;
—effects of disuse of parts in the pig, 24;
—period of gestation in the pig, 3;
—appendages to the jaw in pigs, 3;
—on Sus pliciceps, 3;
—period of gestation in sheep, 3;
—on Niata cattle, 3;
—on shorthorn cattle, 17;
—on interbreeding, 17;
—in the sheep, 17;
—in pigs, 17;
—unconscious selection in cattle and pigs, 20;
—variability of highly-selected races, 21.
NATO, P., on the Bizzarria orange, 11.
NATURAL selection, its general principles, Introduction.
NATURE, sense in which the term is employed, Introduction.
NAUDIN, supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, 14;
—on the nature of hybrids, 13 (2);
—essences of the species in hybrids, 27 (2);
—reversion of hybrids, 13 (3);
—reversion in flowers by stripes and blotches, 13;
—hybrids of Linaria vulgaris and purpurea, 15;
—pelorism in Linaria, 13, 14;
—crossing of peloric Linaria with the normal form, 14;
—variability in Datura, 22;
—hybrids of Datura laevis and stramonium, 11;
—prepotency of transmission of Datura stramonium when crossed, 14;
—on the pollen of Mirabilis and of hybrids, 11;
—fertilisation of Mirabilis, 27;
—cultivated CucurbitaceÆ, 10 (2), 16;
—rudimentary tendrils in gourds, 24;
—dwarf CucurbitÆ, 25;
—relation between the size and number of the fruit in Cucurbita pepo, 26;
—analogous variation in CucurbitÆ, 22;
—acclimatisation of CucurbitaceÆ, 24;
—production of fruit by sterile hybrid CucurbitaceÆ, 18;
—on the melon, 10, 16, 23;
—incapacity of the cucumber to cross with other species, 10.
NECTARINE, 10;
—derived from the peach, 10 (2);
—hybrids of, 10;
—persistency of characters in seedling, 10;
—origin of, 10;
—produced on peach-trees, 10 (2);
—producing peaches, 10;
—variation in, 10 (2);
—bud-variation in, 11;
—glands in the leaves of the, 21;
—analogous variation in, 26.
NECTARY, variations of, in pansies, 10.
NEES, on changes in the odour of plants, 23.
“NEGRO” cat, 1.
NEGROES, polydactylism in, 12;
—selection of cattle practised by, 20.
NEOLITHIC period, domestication of Bos longifrons and primigenius in the, 3;
—cattle of the, distinct from the original species, 3;
—domestic goat in the, 3;
—cereals of the, 9.
NERVE, optic, atrophy of the, 24.
NEUBERT, potato-grafting, 11.
NEUMEISTER, on the Dutch and German pouter pigeons, 5;
—on the Jacobin pigeon, 5;
—duplication of the middle flight feather in pigeons, 5;
—on a peculiarly coloured breed of pigeons, “Staarhalsige Taube,” 5;
—fertility of hybrid pigeons, 6;
—mongrels of the trumpeter pigeon, 14;
—period of perfect plumage in pigeons, 14;
—advantage of crossing pigeons, 17.
NEURALGIA, hereditary, 14.
NEW ZEALAND, feral cats of, 1;
—cultivated plants of, 9.
NEWFOUNDLAND dog, modification of, in England, 1.
NEWMAN, E., sterility of SphingidÆ under certain conditions, 18.
NEWPORT, G., non-copulation of VanessÆ in confinement, 18;
—fertilisation of the ovule in batrachia, 27.
NEWT, polydactylism in the, 12.
NEWTON, A., absence of sexual distinctions in the ColumbidÆ, 5;
—production of a “black-shouldered” peahen among the ordinary kind, 8;
—on hybrid ducks, 18.
NGAMI, Lake, cattle of, 3.
“NIATA” cattle, 3;
—resemblance of, to Sivatherium, 3;
—prepotency of transmission of character by, 14.
“NICARD” rabbit, 4.
NICHOLSON, Dr., on the cats of Antigua, 1;
—on the sheep of Antigua, 3.
Nicotiana, crossing of varieties and species of, 3;
—prepotency of transmission of characters in species of, 14;
—contabescence of female organs in, 18.
Nicotiana glutinosa, 16.
NIEBUHR, on the heredity of mental characteristics in some Roman families, 14.
NIGHT-BLINDNESS, non-reversion to, 13.
NILSSON, Prof., on the barking of a young wolf, 1;
—parentage of European breeds of cattle, 3 (2);
—on Bos frontosus in Scania, 3.
NIND, Mr., on the dingo, 1.
“NISUS formativus,” 24 (2), 26.
NITZSCH, on the absence of the oil-gland in certain ColumbÆ, 5.
NON-INHERITANCE, causes of, 12.
“NONNAIN” pigeon, 5.
NORDMANN, dogs of Awhasie, 1.
NORMANDY, pigs of, with appendages under the jaw, 3.
NORWAY, striped ponies of, 2.
NOTT and Gliddon, on the origin of the dog, 1;
—mastiff represented on an Assyrian tomb, 1;
—on Egyptian dogs, 1;
—on the Hare Indian dog, 1.
Notylia, 17.
NOURISHMENT, excess of, a cause of variability, 22.
NUMBER, importance of, in selection, 21.
Numida ptilorhyncha, the original of the Guinea-fowl, 8.
NUN pigeon, 5;
—known to Aldrovandi, 6.
NUTMEG-TREE, 21.

OAK, weeping, 10, 12, 21;
—pyramidal, 10;
—Hessian, 10;
—late-leaved, 10;
—valueless as timber at the Cape of Good Hope, 23;
—changes in, dependent on age, 11;
—galls of the, 23.
OATS, wild, 9;
—in the Swiss lake-dwellings, 9.
OBERLIN, change of soil beneficial to the potato, 18.
ODART, Count, varieties of the vine, 10, 23;
—bud-variation in the vine, 11.
Œcidium, 23.
Œnothera biennis, bud-variation in, 11.
OGLE, Dr. J. W., inherited deficient phalanges, 12;
—resemblance of twins, 22 (2).
OIL-GLAND, absence of, in fantail pigeons, 5 (2).
OLDFIELD, Mr., estimation of European dogs among the natives of Australia, 20.
OLEANDER, stock affected by grafting in the, 11.
OLLIER, Dr., insertion of the periosteum of a dog beneath the skin of a rabbit, 27.
Oncidium, reproduction of, 17, 18.
ONIONS, crossing of, 15;
—white, liable to the attacks of fungi and disease, 21, 25.
Ophrys apifera, self-fertilisation of, 15;
—formation of pollen by a petal in, 27.
Opuntia leucotricha, 23.
ORANGE, 10;
—crossing of, 15;
—with the lemon, 11, 27;
—naturalisation of, in Italy, 24;
—variation of, in North Italy, 22;
—peculiar variety of, 25;
—bizzarria, 11;
—trifacial, 11.
ORCHIDS, reproduction of, 11 (2), 17.
ORFORD, Lord, crossing greyhounds with the bulldog, 1.
ORGANISMS, origin of, Introduction.
ORGANISATION, advancement in, Introduction.
ORGANS, rudimentary and aborted, 24;
—multiplication of abnormal, 27.
ORIOLE, assumptions of hen-plumage by a male in confinement, 18.
ORKNEY Islands, pigs of, 3;
—pigeons of, 6.
ORTHOPTERA, regeneration of hind legs in the, 24.
Orthosia munda, 18.
ORTON, R., on the effects of cross-breeding on the female, 11;
—on the Manx cat, 14;
—on mongrels from the silk fowl, 14;
—infertility of geese in Quito, 18.
OSBORNE, Dr., inherited mottling of the iris, 12.
OSPREY, preying on black fowls, 21.
OSTEN-SACKEN, Baron, on American oak-galls, 23.
OSTEOLOGICAL characters of pigs, 3 (4);
—of rabbits, 4;
—of pigeons, 5;
—of ducks, 8.
OSTRICH, diminished fertility of the, in captivity, 18.
OSTYAKS, selection of dogs by the, 20.
OTTER, 18.
“OTTER” sheep of Massachusetts, 3.
OUDE, feral humped cattle in, 3.
OUISTITI, breed in Europe, 18.
OVARY, variation of, in Cucurbita moschata, 10;
—development of, independently of pollen, 11.
Ovis montana, 3.
OVULES and buds, identity of nature of, 27.
OWEN, Capt., on stiff-haired cats at Mombas, 1.
OWEN, Prof. R., palÆontological evidence as to the origin of dogs, 1;
—on the skull of the “Niata” cattle, 3;
—on fossil remains of rabbits, 3;
—on the significance of the brain, 4;
—on metagenesis, 27;
—theory of reproduction and parthenogenesis, 27.
OWL, eagle, breeding in captivity, 18.
OWL pigeon, 5;
—African, figured, 5;
—known in 1735, 6.
Oxalis, trimorphic species of, 27.
Oxalis rosea, 17.
OXLEY, Mr., on the nutmeg-tree, 21.
OYSTERS, differences in the shells of, 23.

PACA, sterility of the, in confinement, 4.
PACIFIC Islands, pigs of the, QUAGGA, previous impregnation by, 11.
QUATREFAGES, A. DE, on the burrowing of a bitch to litter, 1;
—selection in the silkworm, 8;
—development of the wings in the silk-moth, 8, 24;
—on varieties of the mulberry, 10;
—special raising of eggs of the silk-moth, 20;
—on disease of the silkworm, 21;
—on monstrosities in insects, 22, 27;
—on a change in the breeding season of the Egyptian goose, 24;
—fertilisation of the Teredo, 27;
—tendency to similarity in the best races, 21;
—on his “tourbillon vital,” 13;
—on the independent existence of the sexual elements, 27.
Quercus cerris, 10.
Quercus robur and pedunculata, hybrids of, 17.
QUINCE, pears grafted on the, 22.

RABBITS, domestic, their origin, 4;
—of Mount Sinai and Algeria, SABINE, Mr., on the cultivation of Rosa spinosissima, 10;
—on the cultivation of the dahlia, TACITUS, on the care taken by the Celts in breeding animals, 20.
Tagetes signata, dwarf variety of, UDDERS, development of the, 24.
Ulex, double-flowered, 18.
Ulmus campestris and effusa, hybrids of, 17.
UNIFORMITY of character, maintained by crossing, 15.
UNITS of the body, functional independence of the, 27.
UNITY or plurality of origin of organisms, Introduction.
UREA, secretion of, 27.
USE and disuse of parts, effects of, 24 (2), 26 (2), 28 (2);
—in rabbits, 4;
—in ducks, 8.
UTILITY, considerations of, leading to uniformity, 21.

VALENTIN, experimental production of double monsters by, 27.
Vallota, 17.
VAN BECK, BARBARA, a hairy-faced woman, 12.
VAN MONS, on wild fruit-trees, 9, 22;
—production of varieties of the vine, 10;
—correlated variability in fruit-trees, 25;
—production of almond-like fruit by peach-seedlings, 10.
Vanessa, species of, not copulating in captivity, 18.
VARIABILITY, Introduction, 27 (2), 28;
—causes of, 22;
—correlated, 25, 26 (2), 28 (2);
—law of, equable, 26 (2);
—necessity of, for selection, 19;
—of selected characters, 21;
—of multiple homologous parts, 26.
VARIATION, laws of, 24;
—continuity of, 21;
—possible limitation of, 21, 28 (2);
—in domestic cats, 1;
—origin of breeds of cattle by, 3;
—in osteological characters of rabbits, 4;
—of important organs, 10;
—analogous or parallel, 9;
—in horses, 2;
—in the horse and ass, 2;
—in fowls, 7;
—in geese, 8;
—exemplified in the production of fleshy stems in cabbages, etc., 9;
—in the peach, nectarine, and apricot, 10 (2);
—individual, in wheat, 9.
VARIEGATION of foliage, 11, 18.
VARIETIES and species, resemblance of, Introduction, 28;
—conversion of, into species, Introduction;
—abnormal, 28;
—domestic, gradually produced, 28.
VARRO, on domestic ducks, 8;
—on feral fowls, 13;
—crossing of the wild and domestic ass, 20.
VASEY, Mr., on the number of sacral vertebrÆ in ordinary and humped cattle, 3;
—on Hungarian cattle, 3.
VAUCHER, sterility of Ranunculus ficaria and Acorus calamus, 18.
VEGETABLES, cultivated, reversion in, 13;
—European, culture of, in India, 18 (2).
VEITH, Mr., on breeds of horses, 2.
Verbascum, intercrossing of species of, 10, 15, 16;
—reversion in hybrids of, 11;
—self-sterility of, 17;
—contabescent, wild plants of, 18;
—villosity in, 23.
Verbascum austriacum, 17.
Verbascum blattaria, 16 (2).
Verbascum lychnitis, 16 (2), 17.
Verbascum nigrum, 17.
Verbascum phoeniceum, 16, 17;
—variable duration of, 24.
Verbascum thapsus, 16, 17.
VERBENAS, origin of, 10;
—white, liability of, to mildew, 21 (2);
—scorching of dark, 21 (2);
—effect of changed conditions of life on, 23.
VERLOT, on the dark-leaved barberry, 10;
—inheritance of peculiarities of foliage in trees, 10;
—production of Rosa cannabifolia by bud-variation from R. alba, 11;
—bud-variation in Aralia trifoliata, 11;
—variegation of leaves, 11;
—colours of tulips, 11;
—uncertainty of inheritance, 12;
—persistency of white flowers, 12;
—peloric flowers of Linaria, 13;
—tendency of striped flowers to uniformity of colour, 14;
—non-intercrossing of certain allied plants, 15;
—sterility of PrimulÆ with coloured calyces, 18;
—on fertile proliferous flowers, 18;
—on the Irish yew, 21;
—differences in the Camellia, 22;
—effect of soil on the variegated strawberry, 23;
—correlated variability in plants, 25.
Verruca, 13, 27.
VERTEBRAE, characters of, in rabbits, 4;
—in ducks, 8 (2);
—number and variations of, in pigeons, 5 (2);
—number and characters of, in fowls, 7;
—variability of number of, in the pig, 3.
VERTUCH. See PUTSCHE.
“VERUGAS,” 23.
VESPUCIUS, early cultivation in Brazil, 9.
VIBERT’S experiments on the cultivation of the vine from seed, 10.
Viburnum opulus, 19, 24.
Vicia sativa, leaflet converted into a tendril in, 27.
VICUNAS, selection of, 20.
VILLOSITY of plants, influenced by dryness, 23.
VILMORIN, cultivation of the wild carrot, 9, 23;
—colours of tulips, 11;
—uncertainty of inheritance in balsams and roses, 12;
—experiments with dwarf varieties of Saponaria calabrica and Tagetes signata, 12;
—reversion of flowers by stripes and blotches, 13;
—on variability, 22.
Vinca minor, sterility in, 18.
VINE, 10;
—parsley-leaved, reversion of, 11;
—graft-hybrid produced by inosculation in the, 11;
—disease of, influenced by colour of grapes, 21 (2);
—influence of climate, etc., on varieties of the, 23;
—diminished extent of cultivation of the, 24;
—acclimatisation of the, in the West Indies, 24.
Viola, species of, 10.
Viola lutea, different coloured flowers in, 11.
Viola tricolor, reversion in, 13 (2).
VIRCHOW, Prof., on the growth of bones, 24, 27;
—on cellular prolification, 16;
—independence of the elements of the body, 27;
—on the cell-theory, 27;
—presence of hairs and teeth in ovarian tumours, 27;
—of hairs in the brain, 27;
—special affinities of the tissues, 27;
—origin of polypoid excrescences and tumours, 27.
VIRGIL, on the selection of seed corn, 9, 20;
—of cattle and sheep, 20.
VIRGINIAN Islands, ponies of, 2.
VISION, hereditary peculiarities of, 12 (2);
—in amphibious animals, 20;
—varieties of, 24;
—affections of organs of, correlated with other peculiarities, 25.
Vitis vinifera, 10, 11.
Viverra, sterility of species of, in captivity, 18.
VOGEL, varieties of the date palm, 22.
VOGT, on the indications of stripes on black kittens, 13.
VOICE, differences of, in fowls, 7;
—peculiarities of, in ducks, 8;
—inheritance of peculiarities of, 12.
VOLZ, on the history of the dog, 1;
—ancient history of the fowl, 7;
—domestic ducks unknown to Aristotle, 8;
—Indian cattle sent to Macedonia by Alexander, 20;
—mention of mules in the Bible, 20;
—history of the increase of breeds, 21.
VON BERG, on Verbascum phoeniceum, 24.
VOORHELM, G., his knowledge of hyacinths, 10, 22.
VROLIK, Prof., on polydactylism, 12;
—influence of the shape of the mother’s pelvis on her child’s head, 26.

WADE, drooping eyelids transmitted, 12.
WADERS, behaviour of, in confinement, 18.
WAGNER, MORITZ, oriental dogs, 21.
WAHLENBORG, on the propagation of Alpine plants by buds, runners, bulbs, etc., 18.
“WAHLVERWANDTSCHAFT” of GÄrtner, 19.
WALES, white cattle of, in the tenth century, 3.
WALKER, A., on intermarriage, 11;
—on the inheritance of polydactylism, 12.
WALKER, D., advantage of change of soil to wheat, 18.
WALKER, R., reversion in cattle, 13.
WALLACE, A. R., on the multiple origin of the dog, 1;
—on a striped Javanese horse, 2;
—on the conditions of life of feral animals, 13;
—artificial alteration of the plumage of birds, 23;
—on polymorphic butterflies, 27;
—on reversion, 28;
—on the limits of change, 28.
WALLACE, Dr., on the sterility of Sphingidae hatched in autumn, 18.
WALLACHIAN sheep, sexual peculiarities in the horns of, 3.
WALLFLOWER, bud-variation in, 11.
WALLICH, Dr., on Thuja pendula or filiformis, 10.
WALNUTS, 10 (2);
—thin-shelled, attacked by tomtits, 10;
—grafting of, 22.
WALSH, B. D., on attacks of insects, 10;
—on galls, 23 (2);
—his “Law of equable variability,” 26 (2).
WALTHER, F. L., on the history of the dog, 1;
—on the intercrossing of the zebu and ordinary cattle, 3.
WARING, Mr., on individual sterility, 18.
WATERER, Mr., spontaneous production of Cytisus alpino-laburnum, 11.
WATERHOUSE, G. R., on the winter-colouring of Lepus variabilis, 4.
WATERTON, C., production of tailless foals, 2;
—on taming wild ducks, 8;
—on the wildness of half-bred wild ducks, 13;
—assumption of male characters by a hen, 13.
WATSON, H. C., on British wild fruit-trees, 9;
—on the non-variation of weeds, 9;
—origin of the plum, 10;
—variation in Pyrus malus, 10;
—on Viola amoena and tricolor, 10;
—on reversion in Scotch kail, 13;
—fertility of Draba sylvestris when cultivated, 18;
—on generally distributed British plants, 23.
WATTLES, rudimentary, in some fowls, 24.
WATTS, Miss, on Sultan fowls, 7.
WEBB, JONAS, interbreeding of sheep, 17.
WEBER, effect of the shape of the mother’s pelvis on her child’s head, 26.
WEDDERBURN, Mr., correlation of teeth and hair, 25.
WEEDS, supposed necessity for their modification, coincidently with cultivated plants, 9.
WEEPING varieties of trees, 10.
WEEPING habit of trees, capricious inheritance of, 12 (2).
WEEVIL, injury done to stone-fruit by, in North America, 21.
WEIJENBERGH, on parthenogenesis, 27.
WEIR, H., large litter of pigs, 16.
WEIR, JENNER, on the japanned peacock, 8;
—mare and quagga, 11;
—wildness of mule siskins, 13.
WEISMANN, Prof., reversion from unnatural conditions, 13;
—isolation, 23;
—dimorphic butterflies, 23;
—causes of variability, 23.
WELSH cattle, descended from Bos longifrons, 3.
WEST Indies, feral pigs of, 3;
—effect of climate of, upon sheep, 3.
WESTERN, Lord, change effected by, in pigs, 3 (2);
—in the sheep, 20.
WESTPHALIA, striped young pigs in, 3.
WESTWOOD, J. O., on peloric flowers of Calceolaria, 26.
WETHERELL, Mr., on inheritance of mutilations, 12.
WHATELY, Archbishop, on grafting early and late thorns, 10.
WHEAT, specific unity or diversity of, 9 (4);
—Hasora, 9;
—presence or absence of barbs in, 9;
—Godron on variations in, 9;
—varieties of, 9 (2);
—effects of soil and climate on, 9;
—deterioration of, 9;
—crossing of varieties of, 9, 15, 16, 17;
—in the Swiss lake-dwellings, 9;
—selection applied to, 9, 20;
—increased fertility of hybrids of, with Ægilops, 16;
—advantage of change of soil to, 18;
—differences of, in various parts of India, 18;
—continuous variation in, 20;
—red, hardiness of, 21, 25;
—Fenton, 21;
—natural selection in, 21;
—varieties of, found wild, 22;
—effects of change of climate on, 24;
—ancient variety of, 28.
WHITBY, Mrs., on the markings of silkworms, 8;
—on the silk-moth, 8.
WHITE, Mr., reproduction of supernumerary digits after amputation, 12;
—time occupied in the blending of crossed races, 15.
WHITE, GILBERT, vegetable diet of dogs, 24.
WHITE and white-spotted animals, liability of, to disease, 25 (2).
WHITE flowers, most truly reproduced by seed, 12.
WICHURA, MAX, on hybrid willows, 13;
—analogy between the pollen of old-cultivated plants and of hybrids, 22.
WICKING, Mr., inheritance of the primary characters of Columba livia in cross-bred pigeons, 6;
—production of a white head in almond tumblers, 20.
WICKSTED, Mr., on cases of individual sterility, 18.
WIEGMANN, spontaneous crossing of blue and white peas, 11;
—crossing of varieties of cabbage, 17;
—on contabescence, 18.
WIGHT, Dr., sexual sterility of plants propagated by buds, etc., 18.
WILCKENS, Dr., effect of previous impregnation, 11;
—alpine breeds, 24;
—drooping ears, 24;
—correlation of hair and horns, 25.
WILDE, Sir W. R., occurrence of Bos frontosus and longifrons in Irish crannoges, 3;
—attention paid to breeds of animals by the ancient Irish, 20.
WILDER, Dr. B., on the brain of dogs, 1;
—supernumerary digits, 12.
WILDMAN, on the dahlia, 20, 23.
WILDNESS of the progeny of crossed tame animals, 13 (2).
WILKES, Capt., on the taming of pigeons among the Polynesians, 18.
WILKINSON, J., on crossed cattle, 16.
WILLIAMS, Mr., change of plumage in a Hamburgh hen, 7.
WILLIAMS, Mr., intercrossing of strawberries, 10.
WILLIAMSON, Capt., degeneration of dogs in India, 1;
—on small Indian asses, 2.
WILLIAMSON, Rev. W., doubling of Anemone coronaria by selection, 20.
WILLOWS, weeping, 10;
—reversion of spiral-leaved weeping, 11;
—hybrids of, 22;
—galls of, 23 (2).
WILLUGHBY, F., notice of spot pigeons, 5;
—on a fantail pigeon, 6;
—on tumbler pigeons, 6;
—on the turbit, 6;
—on the barb and carrier pigeons, 6;
—on the hook-billed duck, 8.
WILMOT, Mr., on a crested white Turkey-cock, 8;
—reversion of sheep in colour, 13.
WILSON, B. O., fertility of hybrids of humped and ordinary cattle in Tasmania, 3.
WILSON, Dr., prepotency of the Manx over the common cat, 14.
WILSON, JAMES, origin of dogs, 1.
WILSON, Mr., on prepotency of transmission in sheep, 14;
—on the breeding of bulls, 20.
WINGS, proportionate length of, in different breeds of pigeons, 5 (2);
—of fowls, effects of disuse on, 7;
—characters and variations of, in ducks, 8;
—diminution of, in birds of small islands, 8 (2).
WING-FEATHERS, number of, in pigeons, 5;
—variability of, in fowls, 7.
WOLF, recent existence of, in Ireland, 1;
—barking of young, 1;
—hybrids of, with the dog, 1.
WOLF-DOG, black, of Florida, 1.
WOLVES, North American, their resemblance to dogs of the same region, 1 (2);
—burrowing of, 1.
WOODBURY, Mr., crossing of the Ligurian and common hive bees, 8, 17;
—variability of bees, 8.
WOODWARD, S. P., on Arctic Mollusca, 22.
WOOD, WILLOUGHBY, reversion from a cross, 13;
—on Mr. Bates’ cattle, 17.
WOOLER, W. A., on the young of the Himalayan rabbit, 4;
—persistency of the coloured calyx in a crossed polyanthus, 10.
WOUNDS, healing of, 24.
WRIGHT, J., production of crippled calves by short-horned cattle, 17;
—on selection in cattle, 20;
—effect of close interbreeding on pigs, 17;
—deterioration of game-cocks by close interbreeding, 17.
WRIGHT, STRETHILL, on the development of the hydroida, 27.
WYMAN, Dr., on Niata cattle, and on a similar malformation in the codfish, 3;
—on Virginian pigs, 21;
—browsing under water, 24.

XENOPHON, on the colours of hunting dogs, 20.
XIMENES, Cardinal, regulations for the selection of rams, 20.

“YAHU,” the name of the pigeon in Persia, 5.
YAKS, domestication of, 20;
—selection of white-tailed, 20.
YAM, development of axillary bulbs in the, 18.
YARRELL, Mr., deficiency of teeth in hairless dogs, 1, 25;
—on ducks, 8, 22;
—characters of domestic goose, resembling those of Anser albifrons, 8;
—whiteness of ganders, 8;
—variations in gold-fish, 8 (2);
—assumption of male plumage by the hen-pheasant, 13;
—effect of castration upon the cock, 13 (2);
—breeding of the skylark in captivity, 18;
—plumage of the male linnet in confinement, 18;
—on the dingo, 22.
YELLOW fever, in Mexico, 23.
YEW, fastigiate, 21.
YEW, Irish, hardy in New York, 24.
YEW, weeping, 10;
—propagation of, by seed, 12.
YOLK, variations of, in the eggs of ducks, 8.
YOUATT, Mr., history of the dog, 1;
—variations of the pulse in breeds of dogs, 1;
—liability to disease in dogs, 1, 21;
—inheritance of goitre in dogs, 12;
—on the greyhound, 1 (2);
—on King Charles’ spaniels, 1;
—on the setter, 1;
—on breeds of horses, 2;
—variation in the number of ribs in the horse, 2;
—inheritance of diseases in the horse, 12 (2);
—introduction of Eastern blood into English horses, 20 (2);
—on white Welsh cattle, 3, 20;
—improvement of British breeds of cattle, 3;
—rudiments of horns in young hornless cattle, 13, 24;
—on crossed cattle, 16, 17;
—on Bakewell’s long-horned cattle, 17;
—selection of qualities in cattle, 20;
—degeneration of cattle by neglect, 21;
—on the skull in hornless cattle, 25;
—disease of white parts of cattle, 25;
—displacement of long-horned by short-horned cattle, 28;
—on Angola sheep, 3;
—on the fleece of sheep, 3;
—correlation of horns and fleece in sheep, 3;
—adaptation of breeds of sheep to climate and pasture, 3;
—horns of Wallachian sheep, 3;
—exotic sheep in the Zoological Gardens, 3, 24;
—occurrence of horns in hornless breeds of sheep, 13;
—on the colour of sheep, 13;
—on interbreeding sheep, 17;
—on Merino rams in Germany, 20;
—effect of unconscious selection on sheep, 20;
—reversion of Leicester sheep on the Lammermuir Hills, 21;
—on many-horned sheep, 25;
—reduction of bone in sheep, 21;
—persistency of character in breeds of animals in mountainous countries, 14;
—on interbreeding, 17;
—on the power of selection, 20 (2);
—slowness of production of breeds, 21;
—passages in the Bible relating to the breeding of animals, 20.
YOUNG, J., on the Belgian rabbit, 4.
YULE, Capt., on a Burmese hairy family, 14, 25.

ZAMBESI, striped young pigs on the, 3.
ZAMBOS, character of the, 13.
ZARCO, J. G., introduction of rabbits into Porto Santo by, 4.
Zea altissima, 9;
—mays, 9.
ZEBU, 3;
—domestication of the, 3;
—fertile crossing of, with European cattle, 3, 16.
ZEBRA, hybrids of, with the ass and mare, 13.
Zephyranthes candida, 18.
Zinnia, cultivation of, 22.
ZOLLINGER on Malayan penguin ducks, 8.
ZOOSPORE, division of, in AlgÆ, 23.
“ZOPF-TAUBE,” 5.