History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, Vol. 8 (of 8)

FOOTNOTES:

J. H. Merle d'AubignE

[1] Journal de Merle d'AubignÉ.

[2] Ibid.

[3] Jules Bonnet, Notice sur Merle d'AubignÉ. Paris, 1874.

[4] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, i. p. 285.

[5] Ibid. p. 349.

[6] Martyris, Epist. Lib., ep. 333.

[7] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. p. 3.

[8] Martyris, Epp., pp. 689, 722.

[9] Frobenius to Luther, February 14, 1519.—Walch., xv. p. 1631.

[10] 'Libellus Lutheri de libertate christiana et de servo arbitrio in Hispanicum idioma translatus.'—Gerdesius, Ann., iii. p. 168.

[11] Melch. Adami, VitÆ Theol., p. 288.

[12] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, i. p. 419.

[13] Works of John d'Avila, translated by Arnauld d'Andilly. Paris, 1773.

[14] Works of John d'Avila, p. 671.

[15] Works of John d'Avila, pp. 684, 685, 688, 714, 715, 717.

[16] Ibid. pp. 710, 712.

[17] There are four books of them, containing in all 162 letters, generally very lengthy.

[18] Works of D'Avila, p. 397.

[19] Ibid. p. 95.

[20] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. 6, 138. Works of D'Avila, p. 122.

[21] Works of D'Avila, p. 397.

[22] It is an exposition of Christian doctrine, viewed not from the dogmatical, but from the spiritual and practical point of view.

[23] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. p. 7.

[24] 'Homo simplex, ruri perpetuo addictus, &c.'—Montanus, Inquisitionis hispanicÆ artes, p. 31.

[25] 'Adoranda hic maxime est divina providentia erga eos quos elegit ... cujus rei, vel is ipse rusticus luculentum exemplum esse possit.'—Montanus, Artes Inq. hisp., pp. 32, 33.

[26] 'In equis, in equorum apparatu, in ludis, in vestium luxu, in venationibus, etc.'—Artes Inq. hisp., p. 260.

[27] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. p. 148.

[28] 'Repente divinus quidem furor eum corripit.'—Montanus, pp. 260, 269.

[29] 'In cultu corporis antea molliculo et splendido, tum vero horrido et sordido apparebat.'—Montanus, p. 261.

[30] 'Sacras litteras diu noctuque versabat.'—Ibid.

[31] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. p. 148.

[32] 'Rursus Hispanias habere suum Geryonem, sed auspicatissimum, tricorporem quidem, sed unanimem.'—Erasmi Epp., lib. xx. ep. 15.

[33] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. pp. 7, 8. Epp. Th. Mori et Lud. Vives, col. 114.

[34] 'Propter hoc unum verbum, sine mora in custodiam SS. PP. est traditus.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 156.

[35] 'Illius judicium instar oraculi.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 158.

[36] Llorente, ii. p. 456. Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 123.

[37] Llorente, ii. pp. 430-431.

[38] Llorente, iii. pp. 6, 7.

[39] 'Tam impudentibus calumniis, tam evidentibus mendaciis, tam malitiosis artibus.'—Erasmi Epp. lib. xviii. ep. 2.

[40] Virves, Epist., Ratisbon, April 15, 1532. Burcheri Spicil., v. pp. 12-16.

[41] Llorente, ii. pp. 8-14.

[42] 'Qui ad alios illuminandos amandati erant, ipsimet lumine capti ad nos redierunt, deceptique ab hÆreticis.'—G. de Illescas, Hist. Pontiffical y Catolica, i. p. 672.

[43] 'Unde illa audacia qua in sanctos patres ecclesiÆ lumina atque columnas ... inveheretur?'—Montanus, pp. 261, 262.

[44] 'Magno contemptui esse coepit, quo in die magis magisque aucto.'—Montanus, p. 258.

[45] 'Eum exacte edocuit Christiani concionatoris officium.'—Montanus, p. 258.

[46] 'Obstupescebat primo Ægidius... Unus e media plebe, idiota, etc.'—Montanus, p. 258.

[47] Llorente, ii. pp. 139, 140.

[48] 'Fuit divina monenti tanta spiritus Dei vis in dicendo ut ab ea hora Ægidius in alium virum mutatus.'—Montanus, p. 259.

[49] 'PrÆcipue sua ipsius experientia erat edoctus.'—Montanus, p. 263.

[50] 'Igneam quamdam pietatis facem.'—Ibid., p. 231.

[51] 'Adesse Christum qui verba, eo externe ministrante, in ipsis visceribus suorum virtute spiritus sui exararet.'—Montanus, p. 201.

[52] 'Familiaris consuetudo atque arcta amicitia.'—Montanus, p. 265.

[53] 'Constantini Fontii, viri ad prodigium usque eruditi.'—Ibid.

[54] Llorente, ii. p. 273.

[55] A learned and pious historian, M'Crie, who devoted much attention to the history of the Reformation in Spain, states that Vargas first explained the Epistle to the Romans. But Montanus de Montes, a contemporary and friend of Egidius, says—'PrÆlegebat evangelium MatthÆi, quo absoluto accepit Psalmos.' P. 281.

[56] 'Capitulum cum honorifica legatione accercebat.'—Montanus, p. 279.

[57] 'Vilesceret vero indies assidua congressione lucis hypocritarum turba.'—Montanus, p. 266.

[58] 'Ad Epicteti Stoici placita ... eo Epicteto inferior.'—Montanus, p. 238.

[59] 'De crebris jejuniis, de mortificatione, vestitu, sermone, vultu .. . ad missas complures, ad sacrorum locorum frequentationes, et ad multa alia nugamenta.'—Montanus, p. 238.

[60] 'Accessorat ea HispaniÆ linguÆ peritia et facundia quÆ quibuscumque illius studiosissimis miraculo esset.'—Montanus, p. 278.

[61] 'Videbatur enim veluti a specula quadam humana omnia negotia contemplari.'—Montanus, p. 278.

[62] 'Tantus erat populi concursus ut quarta, sÆpe etiam tertia, noctis hora vix in templo inveniretur commodus ad audiendum locus.'—Ibid., p. 279.

[63] 'Clarissimos antecelluit.'—Ibid., p. 278.

[64] 'Ea urbs omnium totius HispaniÆ felicissima.'—Montanus, p. 240.

[65] 'Illa enim messis quÆ per totos jam octo aut decem annos colligitur, ex illa laboriosa novatione provenire certum est.'—Montanus, p. 240.

[66] 'Constantinus (de la Fuente) a CÆsare et filio Philippo ascitus Hispali discedere cogeretur,'—Montanus, p. 282.

[67] 'Qui ut simplicitate ingenii et auctoritate prÆstabat, apertius et frequentius lucis hostes lacessebat.'—Montanus, p. 266.

[68] 'A Valerio Nebrissensi ex d. Pauli epistolÆ ad Romanos familiari interpretatione (veritatem) ante didicerat (Diazius).'—Montanus, p. 268.

[69] Peter is not to be confounded with one of the two brothers Juan and Alfonso, whose tragic history holds a place in the annals of the Reformation.

[70] 'SÆpe e sua sede surgens, spectante universo populo, concionatoribus contradixit.'—Montanus, p. 264.

[71] 'Quem olim in nostra civitate adolescentem puer familiariter novi,' says Francis Enzinas of San Romano.—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 174.

[72] 'Virum gravem admodum constantemque et fortem in iis asserendis defendendisque quÆ vera atque recta esse discendo comperisset.'—Camerarius, Melanchthonis Vita, p. 324.

[73] 'De officio pii viri in hoc dissidio religionis. Consultatio de articulis fidei inter papistas et protestantes controversis,' &c.

[74] 'Illustrium et clarorum virorum epistolÆ, scriptÆ a Belgis vel ad Belgas,' pp. 55, 58. Lugd. Batav., 1617.

[75] Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. pp. 172, 173.

[76] M'Crie, Reformation in Spain, pp. 403, 414.

[77] 'Cum gravitatem illam vultus pari suavitate conjunctam, et totius corporis majestatem vere heroicam contemplarer.'—Gerdesius, iii. Monumenta, p. 83.

[78] 'Divinitus donatus prÆ ceteris mortalibus.'—Ibid.

[79] 'Scintillula ignis ... ut totum fere pectus conflagrare videretur.'—Gerdesius, iii. Monumenta, 83.

[80] 'Vel ad extremum orbem advolare.'—Gerdesius, iii. p. 85.

[81] 'Cujus suavi colloquio et minime molesta gravitate mirifice delectabar.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 166.

[82] Miserias hujus mundi cum Æterna vita commutavit.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 166, in the scholarly edition of M. Campan. (Brussels, 1862.)

[83] 'Usque ad cineres summa sum eum reverentia prosecutus.'—Ibid.

[84] Illust. et Clar. Virorum Epp. selectÆ, a Belgis vel ad Belgas scriptÆ; Leyden, 1617. Ep. from Knobelsdorf to Cassander, July 10, 1542; from James Dryander to Cassander, pp. 38-45, 55, 60. Crespin, Actes des Martyrs, iii. p. 127.

[85] See vol. vii. p. 491.

[86] 'Totam concionem intellexit.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 176.

[87] 'Divino quodam oestro percitus.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 176.

[88] 'Ipsum inflammavit concionatoris oratio.'—Ibid.

[89] 'Toto triduo... in alium quemdam hominem prorsus novum est immutatus.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 178.

[90] 'Nihil toto die meditabatur, nihil nocte somniabat, prÆter eas sententias.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 178.

[91] Letter from Spreng to Enzinas, Jan. 6, 1546. Archives of Protestant Seminary at Strasburg.

[92] 'Postea in Hispaniam commigrare ut parentes ac totam denique civitatem nostram... converteret.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 182.

[93] 'Quo morbo laboraret.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 184.

[94] 'In aliquod antrum, quasi vivum cadaver insepultum detruderent.'—Ibid., p. 184.

[95] 'Ex equo deponunt, et captivum in Ædes cujusdam mercatoris deducunt.'—Ibid., p. 186.

[96] 'Pessimi nebulones.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 188.

[97] Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 198.

[98] See the opening speech of the Diet.—Sleidan, ii. p. 125 sqq.

[99] 'Longam atque audacem orationem ... audivit imperator patienter.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 200.

[100] 'Es ist unmÖglich Christum zu vergleichen mit der Schlangen.'—Luth., Epp., v. p. 376.

[101] 'Volebant eum, sine mora, in Danubium prÆcipitem dare.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 202.

[102] 'Etiam (ut audivi) in ipsam Africanam expeditionen.'—Ib., p. 206.

[103] 'Nihil tamen obstant hÆc omnia vincula, quin meus animus alioqui liberrimus, in quem nihil habet juris imperator.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 204.

[104] 'Nimium in via properabant.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 206.

[105] The conclusion of San Romano's story will be found in ch. vi. infra.

[106] Memoirs of Enzinas, i. pp. 9-13.

[107] Vol. vii. p. 554.

[108] 'Vel suo sanguine librum impressum.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 140.

[109] 'Responsandi ex prophetarum, Christi, et apostolorum scriptis adversus EcclesiÆ decreta.'—Ibid., p. 146.

[110] 'Utilis illa admodum, atque proficua futura sit opera.'—Gerdesius, Hist. Reform., iii. p. 166.

[111] 'Ut divinum quoddam numen inter mortales existimetur.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 126.

[112] 'Insanis vociferationibus, non dicam concionantem, sed vere furentem, et concionem ipsam ad seditionem excitantem.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 128.

[113] 'Non pauca ille in te oblique dicitur ejaculatus... cum tu ipse proximus illi sederes,... quem tamen ipse non potuit agnoscere.'—Ibid.

[114] 'Juvenculum heri aut nudius tertius natum.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 188. This is evidence of the youth of Enzinas.

[115] 'Jurare per sacrosanctam cucullam.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 190.

[116] The title stood finally thus: 'El Nuevo Testamento de nuestro Redemptor y Salvador Jesu Christo, traduzido de Griego en lengua Castellana por Francisco de Enzinas, dedicado Á la cesarea Magestad. En Enveres, en casa de Estevan Mierdmanno, en el anno de MDXLIII.'—In 8vo.

[117] 'Cognitis pactionis hujus legibus ... e vita, velut indignabunda, excedens humanis valedixit.'—Ubbo Emmius, 832. Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iv. p. 295.

[118] 'Eum prÆsentaneo veneno pungit.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 100.

[119] 'Inflexo capite in humeros, cucullo usque ad oculos demisso, terram intuens, modeste,' &c.—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 100.

[120] 'Qui ne muscam quidem lÆdere possit.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 100.

[121] 'Tum admonet omnes machinas quas illi suggerit SatanÆ furor.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 102.

[122] 'Vel in ipso furiarum choro bacchantem.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 100.

[123] 'Imperator existimat se jam nunc in imo Tartari esse demersum.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 106.

[124] 'Eodem tempore quum ego, ad aulam accedebat (imperator).'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 196.

[125] 'In aula habebam non paucos neque vulgares amicos et cognatos.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 196.

[126] 'NostrÆ Novi Testamenti interpretationi unice favebat.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 200.

[127] 'Singulari quadam majestate procedens, solus assedit mensÆ.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 200.

[128] Ps. cxix. 46. 'HÆc sententia in animo meo frequenter atque ardenter repetita, sic vires reficiebat,' &c.—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 202.

[129] 'Tunc auctor es istius libri?'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 206.

[130] 'O rem unam lacrymis plane sanguineis deplorandam.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 208.

[131] 'Rem esse cum magno periculo conjunctam.'—Ibid., p. 212.

[132] 'Cujus opera thesaurum amplissimum coelestis doctrinÆ Hispani homines sunt consecuti.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 218.

[133] 'Omnes proditores et suspendi et crepare medios debere.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 228.

[134] 'Spurco sermone miseras auditorum aures exercebat.'—Ibid., p. 226.

[135] 'Ut paulo post totam Hispaniam ad lutheranismum converteret!'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 66.

[136] 'Deum immortalem! qualia illic portenta, quot idolorum formÆ!'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 236.

[137] 'Quod unum apud nos extremo dignum supplicio judicatur'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 246.

[138] 'Ex istis fontibus haurienda est (doctrina) sine quibus sterilis et cÆca est humana cogitatio.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 256.

[139] 'Videbam magnam monachorum turbam sursum deorsum cursitantium, nescio quid inter se susurrantium....'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 266.

[140] 'Qui hastis, gladiis ac multiplici armorum genere instructi capiti meo imminebant.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 268.

[141] 'Pericula ... non secus quam si omnia coram prÆvidissem.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 6.

[142] 'Nunquam in lucem erumpit, quin fulgura et tonitrua subsequantur.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 16.

[143] Vol. vii. pp. 565-576.

[144] 'Judico hominem esse omnium quos ego unquam viderim optimum.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, p. 54.

[145] 'Ingens facinus ac incendio dignum.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, p. 60.

[146] 'Ne opus alioqui laudabile ab eventu rerum Æstimarent.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 50.

[147] 'Supplex exhortatio ad invictissimum CÆsarem Carolum V. et illustrissimos principes,' &c., 1543.—Calv. Opp., vi.

[148] 'Ut plane sentirem me ad mortem paratiorem quam ante fueram.'—Cod. Genev., 112, fol. 67, August 3, 1545. Calv. Opp., xii. p. 127.

[149] 'Profecto sic me Davidicum plectrum harmonia sua plane coelesti rapiebat.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 78.

[150] M. Campan, editor of the Memoirs of Enzinas, conjectures that this is the work which was first published in 1628, under the title, Los Psalmos de David, dirigidos in forma de oraciones.—See Bibliotheca Wiffeniana, p. 142.

[151] 'Universam civitatem in favorem evangelicÆ doctrinÆ propendere.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 82.

[152] Sleidan, vol. ii. book xv. pp. 226-232. Papiers d'Etat, iii. p. 67.

[153] 'At vero qui propter religionem captivi erant, multo angustius et crudelius asservantur.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 374.

[154] 'Leges sanguine scriptÆ ... ut liceret illis pro suo arbitrio in Lutheranos grassari.'—Ibid., p. 384.

[155] 'Facilius per nos ipsos quam per sanctos impetramus....' Fifty-six similar propositions had been brought together against Alexander.—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. pp. 390-411.

[156] 'Cum hora media octava audita esset, priusquam in carcere a mensa surrexissem, eram jam in ipsis moenibus cum pulsaretur octava.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 420.

[157] Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. pp. 420-425.

[158] 'Nullum ego vidi luminis splendorem, nisi tÆdarum quÆ tunc in plateis circumferebantur.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 426.

[159] 'Quem ego semper impensissime amavi.'—Dryander Calvino, Aug. 8, 1545.

[160] 'Epistolio subrustico.'—Ibid.

[161] 'Quod laude dignum non est, officiose prÆdicare.'—Ibid.

[162] Dryander Calvino. Bibl. de GenÈve, MS. 112. This letter, which we have formerly had occasion to quote, is unpublished. [It has just been published in Calv. Opp., xii. p. 126.—Editor.]

[163] Memoirs of Enzinas, i. p. 7.

[164] Crespin, Actes des Martyrs, book iii. p. 170.

[165] Crespin, Actes, book iii. p. 170.

[166] 'Grata mihi fuit tua consolatio de casu fratris acerbissimo.'—Unpublished letter from Francis Dryander (Enzinas) to Calvin. Bibl. de GenÈve, MS. 112. (Since published in Calv. Opp., xii. p. 510.)

[167] 'Utinam vero hÆc divina incendia per omnes HispaniÆ fines spargantur.'—Calv. Opp., xii. p. 510. Theodore Beza places the martyrdom of James Enzinas in 1545; Dr. M'Crie in 1546. As the letter of Enzinas to Calvin is dated in April, 1547, might not his death be with more probability assigned to the early months of this year?

[168] Crespin, Actes des Martyrs, art. Diaz.

[169] Calv. Epp. Opp., xii. pp. 130, 150.—'Apud Gallasium.'—Ibid., p. 336.

[170] Calv. Opp., xii. p. 253.

[171] Bericht von dem Regensb. Colloq. von G. Major, Wittenberg, 1546; Von M. Bucer, Strasb., 1546.—Calv. Opp., xii. p. 252.

[172] Crespin, Actes des Martyrs, book iii. p. 172.

[173] Diaz wrote down the conversation which he had with Malvenda, and from his papers we derive our information about it.—Crespin, Actes des Martyrs, book iii. p. 174.

[174] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, iii. p. 88.

[175] The close of the chapter is missing in the manuscript. We add a few pages respecting the mournful death of Juan Diaz.—Editor.

[176] 'Quum CÆsar appropinquare dicebatur, Neoburgum se contulerat, quod oppidum est sub ditione Othonis Henrici.'—Calv., Opp., xii. p. 336.

[177] Sleidan, Reform., book xvii.

[178] Jules Bonnet, RÉcits du seiziÈme siÈcle, p. 228.

[179] Castro, Spanish Protestants, p. 44.

[180] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, pp. 184-187.

[181] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. p. 238.

[182] It was removed during the regency of Espartero. The street is named Calle del doctor Cazalla.

[183] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. pp. 222, 223. Illescas, Historia Pontifical, ii. p. 337.

[184] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, ii. pp. 235, 236, 407. Illescas, Historia Pontifical, i. p. 337.

[185] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, iii. pp. 202, 204.

[186] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, iii. pp. 203, 208.

[187] Ibid., pp. 198, 199.

[188] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, iii. 205, 206.

[189] Ibid., p. 208.

[190] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, iii. p. 210.

[191] 'Adversus Deum blasphemiam et sanguinis Christi profanationem.'—Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, iii. p. 208.

[192] 'Corona chartea in qua erant mille horribilissimorum cacodÆmonum figurÆ depictÆ.'—Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, iii. p. 210.

[193] 'Strictis gladiis ad crucem, quam in mille partes dissecuerunt.'—Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, p. 210.

[194] 'Levavit caput aliquantulum.'—Histoire de l'Inquisition, iii. p. 212.

[195] 'Quare me a vera gloria abstraxistis.'—Ibid., p. 214.

[196] Llorente, Histoire de l'Inquisition, p. 188.

[197] 'Legatus AngliÆ qui ... verum Christi martyrem agnoscebat, ad aliquot menses ex aula exulavit.'—Memoirs of Enzinas, ii. p. 216.

[198] Crespin, Actes des Martyrs, book iii. p. 157. Llorente says 1540. De Castro, p. 41, says: 'That event must have happened in 1545 or 1546.' Crespin and M'Crie, p. 174, say 1544. In order to determine the date we must observe that Enzinas (ii. p. 173) writes the narrative while he is himself a prisoner at Brussels, and that he escaped in 1545. M. Campan assigns the date 1543, the year in which the account was written. This account follows that which relates to Peter de Lerma, who died in August, 1541.—Editor.

[199] Calendar of letters, dispatches, and state papers, relating to negotiations between England and Spain, edited by G. A. Bergenroth. London: Longmans & Co. 1868.

[200] Premia, Dar cuerda.

[201] Letter from Cardinal Adrian to the emperor, Sept. 4, 1520.—Bergenroth, Calendar of Letters, &c.

[202] Reports of Friar Thomas de Matienzo, August, 1498.

[203] Instructions of the archduke Philip to John Heidin.

[204] Instruccion del rey don Fernando. Granvella's State Papers, July 29, 1506.

[205] See the interesting narrative of these events entitled The Emperor Charles the Fifth and his mother Joanna, in Professor Sybel's Historische Zeitschrift, vol. xx. p. 244. Munich: 1868.

[206] Robertson, History of Charles the Fifth, book i.

[207] Letter of the marquis of Denia of July 3, 1518.

[208] The marquis of Denia to the emperor, January 25, 1522.

[209] 'Mover piedras.'

[210] Letter of the marquis of Denia of May 25, 1525.

[211] 'Johanna war eine Lutheranerin.'—Sybel, Historische Zeitschrift, xx. p. 262.

[212] Ibid., on the authority of the instructions for the duke of Alva of April 12, 13, and 14, 1521 (Archives of Simancas).

[213] Sandoval, bishop of Pampeluna, History of Charles V.—Valladolid, 1604.

[214] 'Der tolle Heinze.'—Luther, Contra Henricum regem AngliÆ.

[215] Latimer, Works, vol. ii. p. 385. (Parker Society.)

[216] State Papers, vol. i. pp. 570, 571; vii. p. 715; viii. p. 1.

[217] 'Which suffred her to take greate cold and to eate things that her fantazie in syknes called for.'—State Papers, viii. p. 1. The story that the cÆsarian operation had been performed and that the mother was sacrificed to the child appears to have been invented by the Roman party.

[218] State Papers, viii. p. 2.

[219] Ibid., pp. 5, 6.

[220] See his letter to Henry VIII., Original Letters relative to the English Reformation, ii. p. 554 (Parker Society).

[221] Original Letters, &c., pp. 621, 316, 608, 225, 226.

[222] Ibid., p. 623.

[223] Letter from Geneva to the ministers of Zurich, November 13, 1537.—Calv., Opp., x. p. 129.

[224] Original Letters relative to the English Reformation, ii. p. 621.

[225] Irus, a beggar of Ithaca; Codrus, an inferior poet of the time of Domitian.

[226] Original Letters, &c., ii. p. 620.

[227] Original Letters, &c., ii. pp. 611, 618.

[228] Cranmer to Capito, Original Letters, p. 16.

[229] Bucer to Cranmer, Ibid., p. 525.

[230] Strype, Eccles. Mem., vol. i. part 2, Appendix, lxxxiii.

[231] State Papers, vii. p. 669. Wallop to Viscount Lisle.

[232] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. p. 461.

[233] Beccatelli.

[234] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. p. 477.

[235] 'Quum ... ad fores pene ejus aulÆ pervenissem, nec tamen intromissus sum, sed antequam pulsare possem, exclusus fuerim.'—Pole's Epp. ii. p. 85.

[236] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. Appendix, No. lxxxiv.

[237] State Papers, vii. p. 681. King Henry VIII. to Hutton.

[238] Ibid., p. 693.

[239] State Papers, vii. p. 700.

[240] 'Dissimulato vestitu.'—Pole, Epp. ii. p. 49.

[241] State Papers, vii. p. 702.

[242] State Papers, viii. p. 9.

[243] Robert Warner, November 21, 1538. Original Letters illustrative of English History (Ellis), ii. p. 97.

[244] 'Splendide vixerant legati et liberalem mensam exhibuerant.'—Seckendorf, book iii. sec. 16.

[245] 'Singularem erga me benevolentiam.... Sermones mihi tuos amantissimos perferri.'—Melanchthon to Henry VIII., Corp. Ref., iii. p. 671.

[246] Cranmer to Cromwell, Letters, p. 379.

[247] Strype, Memorials, i. pp. 504, sqq. Cranmer, Letters, &c.

[248] 'So gentilly as I could.'—Cranmer, Letters, p. 377.

[249] Cranmer, Letters, p. 370.

[250] The document drawn up by the German doctors, and the answer of the king, prepared by Tonstall, are to be found in the Cotton MSS. Cleop. E. They were printed by Burnet (i. p. 491) and by Strype, in Appendices to their histories.

[251] 'PrÆcipuum hoc officium esse summorum principum propagare et tueri coelestem doctrinam.'—Corp. Ref., iii. p. 671.

[252] 'Illud prÆcipue est heroicum pro ecclesia contra tyrannos arma gerere.'—Ibid.

[253] Some historians have supposed that Gardiner's embassy had lasted only two years. The dates we give are taken from a paper written by the bishop,—The Account of his expenses. His suite is described by Wriothesley.—State papers, viii. p. 51.

[254] 'Adversus pontificis molimina atque technas.'—Gerdesius, Ann., iv. p. 284.

[255] 'Aliquibus statutis in parliamentis nostris in contrariam editis, cÆterisque contrariis non obstantibus quibuscumque.' (Royal Commission of October 1, 1538.)—Wilkins, iii. p. 836.

[256] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. p. 500.

[257] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. p. 504.

[258] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. pp. 500 sqq.

[259] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. p. 496.

[260] Strype, Wilkins, &c.

[261] Fox, v. p. 193.

[262] The forty-five points and the answers to them are given in Fox, Acts, v. pp. 181-225.

[263] Fox, v. p. 228.

[264] Fox, v. p. 228.

[265] Fox, Burnet, Godwin.

[266] This apology, entitled A Treatise of John Lambert upon the sacrament, addressed to the king, is given in Fox, v. pp. 237-250.

[267] 'Fox saith it was Day, bishop of Chichester; but in that he was mistaken, for he was not yet bishop.' It was in fact Bishop Sampson.—Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, ch. xviii. (Translator's note.)

[268] 'The king's look, his cruel countenance, and his brows bent unto severity,' &c.—Fox, v. p. 229.

[269] Fox, Acts, v. pp. 188, 189.

[270] Ibid., p. 230.

[271] 'Quodam modo.'

[272] Fox, Acts, v. pp. 232, 233.

[273] Fox.

[274] Fox, Godwin, Crespin, Collyer, Burnet, &c.

[275] Biblioth. Anglaise, i, p. 158. Gerdesius, Ann., iv. p. 286.

[276] Bossuet.

[277] State Papers, viii. p. 32.

[278] 'If your Majesty will hearken to the reconciling with the bishop of Rome.'—Wyatt's Report to the king. State Papers, viii. p. 37.

[279] State Papers, viii. pp. 127, 156.

[280] 'Franciscus, &c.... quod... sacram Bibliam tam Latine quam Britannice sive Anglice imprimendi... et in suum regnum apportandi et transferendi libertatem... concesserit....'—Burnet, i. Records, p. 286. Strype, Memorials of Cranmer, Appendix, No. xxx.

[281] State Papers, i. p. 575. Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 27.

[282] See Bonner's letter to Cromwell of September 2, 1538; Fox, Acts, v. p. 150; and another of later date, p. 152.

[283] A few copies of this Bible are still to be found in various libraries.—Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 31.

[284] Royal Proclamation. Rolls, Henry.

[285] Castillon, Feb. 2, 1538. Ranke, v. p. 159.

[286] 'The king's mind so fully addicted, upon politic respects.'—Fox, v. p. 264.

[287] Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Life and Reign of King Henry VIII., p. 510.

[288] Ibid.

[289] Fox, Acts, v. p. 265. Lord Herbert says the same,—'Cranmer for three days together in the open assembly opposed these articles boldly.'—Life of Henry VIII., p. 512.

[290] Strype's Memorials of Cranmer, ii. p. 743.

[291] Ibid., Appendix, No. 40.

[292] Defence against Gardiner, p. 285.

[293] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i., p. 545.

[294] Fox, Acts, v. pp. 265, 398. Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, p. 74. Burnet, Hist. Ref., i. p. 481.

[295] Fox, Acts, v. p. 359.

[296] Lingard, Hist. of England, v. p. 131.

[297] Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 63.

[298] 'Vintoniensis fÜhret im Lande umher zwei unrÜchtige Weiber mit sich in Mannskleidern.' For this opinion of the four theologians see the letter to the Elector signed by them.—Corp. Ref., iii. p. 796.

[299] Letter to Farel, from Strasburg, October 27, 1539, Calv. Opp., x. p. 425.

[300] 'Circumit Christus esuriens, sitiens, nudus, vinctus, conquerens de pontificum rabie.... Hunc agnoscere, excipere, fovere pii regis est officium.'—Henrico VIII., regi AngliÆ, Corp. Ref., iii p. 819.

[301] Ibid., p. 800.

[302] Fox, Hall, Burnet.

[303] Le Grand, Divorce, ii. p. 265.

[304] Cotton MS. Vitellius, B. xxi.

[305] State Papers, i. p. 619. Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 517. Cott Libr., App. xxiii. fol. 104.

[306] Southampton to Henry VIII., State Papers, viii. p. 213.

[307] One document, The coming of Lady Anne, states that the interview was at Blackheath.

[308] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 517.

[309] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., Depositions of Sir A. Brown, Lord Russell, &c.

[310] Cromwell to the King. Burnet, Hist. Ref., i. p. 297.

[311] Hall, Lord Herbert, Burnet, Records.

[312] Original Letters relative to the English Reformation, ii. pp. 627 and 628, Feb. 24 and March 29, 1540. (Parker Society.)

[313] 'The word is powerfully preached by Barnes and his fellow-ministers.'—Ibid.

[314] Partridge to Bullinger, Feb. 29, 1540.—Original Letters, &c., ii. p. 614.

[315] 'Unkind handling.' (Wyatt to Henry VIII.)—State Papers, viii. p. 240.

[316] State Papers, viii. p. 241.

[317] Ibid., p. 249.

[318] 'Exposuerunt auspicia nuptiarum fuisse lÆta et sancta.'—Corp. Ref., iii. p. 1005.

[319] 'Ut vera doctrina Christi luceat in Ecclesiis.'—Ibid., p. 1007. Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. p. 548.

[320] 'Articuli in Angliam missi.'—Corp. Ref., iii. p. 1009.

[321] History of the Reformation, First Series.

[322] This is Fox's opinion (Acts and Monuments, v. p. 420); the former is the more probable.

[323] Gardiner's Sermon, Fox, Acts, v. p. 430.

[324] Fox, Acts, v. p. 429. Gal. iv. 22.

[325] Fox, Acts, v. p. 433.

[326] Original Letters, &c., ii. p. 632.

[327] The Bible in English, with a prologue by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The king's copy is in the British Museum.

[328] Anderson, English Bible, index, p. ix.

[329] Strype, Eccles. Mem., i. p. 550.

[330] The Necessary Erudition of a Christian Man.

[331] Original Letters, &c., i. p. 202.

[332] Cotton MS. Tit. B. 1. p. 406.

[333] State Papers, viii. pp. 244, 276, 282, 289, 295, 299 (Henry to Wallop).

[334] State Papers, viii. pp. 349-350.

[335] Henry VIII. to Wallop.—State Papers, viii, p. 362.

[336] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 520.

[337] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 521. Cranmer, Works, ii. p. 401.

[338] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 522.

[339] 'The cardinal of Belly ... showed me that the said Prevey Seales intent was to have marryed my lady Mary.'—Wallop to Henry VIII. State Papers, viii. p. 379.

[340] See Cromwell's Attainder. Burnet, Records, i. No. 16. Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 521.

[341] Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 110.

[342] Lingard, Hist. of England, v. p. 143. The same course had been adopted with respect to the Countess of Salisbury; and Cromwell, it was said, was implicated in that case. It must, however, be observed that this lady was not executed till a year after Cromwell's death.

[343] Cromwell's Letter to Henry VIII. Burnet, Records, i. p. 301.

[344] Fox, Acts, v. p. 401.

[345] Burnet, Records, ii. p. 214.

[346] Cotton MS. Titus, B. 1, fol. 267. Original Letters, &c. (Ellis) Series ii. p. 160.

[347] Fox, Acts, v. p. 402.

[348] Hall.

[349] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 529.

[350] Le Grand, Divorce, ii. p. 235.

[351] Fox, Acts, v. p. 403.

[352] Fox, v. p. 403. It is possible that the prayer may have been written in the prison.

[353] State Papers, viii. p. 396. Pate to Norfolk.

[354] The distinguished historian, Mr. Froude, bears the same testimony.

[355] Original Letters, &c., i. p. 202. Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 526.

[356] Fox, v. p. 434.

[357] 'Drawn to the place of execution two upon a hurdle, one being a papist and the other a protestant.'—Fox, Acts, v. p. 439.

[358] Fox, Acts, v. p. 435.

[359] 'NÆ! in posterum ego regiÆ religionis ero, hoc est, nullius!'—Gerdesius, Ann., iv. p. 300.

[360] 'They had perceived that the king's affections were alienated from the Lady Anne to that young girl ... whom he married immediately upon Anne's divorce.'—Original Letters relating to the English Reformation, i. p. 205.

[361] The judgment of Convocation, Burnet, Records, i. p. 303. Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 522. Strype, Eccles. Mem., i., Appendix, pp. 306 sqq.

[362] Letter of Henry VIII. to Clerk and Wotton.—State Papers, viii. p. 404. The king's testimony is confirmed by that of Anne.—Ibid., i. p. 637.

[363] 'The king's own declaration.'—Burnet, Records, i. p. 302.

[364] 'In libertate contrahendi matrimonii cum alia.'—Judgment of Convocation.—Ibid., p. 306.

[365] A document preserved in the archives of DÜsseldorf proves that any engagement between Anne and the Prince of Lorraine had been formally broken off.

[366] Letter from Bochetel to the English ambassador.—Le Grand, Divorce, iii. p. 638.

[367] 'The news stroke her into a sudden weakness and fainting.'—Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 523.

[368] Anne to the king.—State Papers, i. p. 638.

[369] Ibid., pp. 641, 644.

[370] Anne to her brother.—Burnet, Records, i. p. 307. This letter is also to be found in the State Papers, i. p. 645, with material variations. The passages cited are, however, almost identical.

[371] Lingard himself remarks (Hist. of England, vi. ch. 4) that it was at a dinner given by the bishop of Winchester that Catherine for the first time attracted the king's attention.

[372] Original Letters relative to the English Reformation (Parker Soc.), p. 202.

[373] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 534.

[374] 'Catharinam Houwartham tantopere amabat ut feria omnium sanctorum, sacra Domini coena utens,' &c.—Gerdesius, Ann., iv. p. 306. Burnet, Rapin, Thoyras, &c.

[375] State Papers, viii. pp. 442, 451, 453, 456, 476.

[376] Act 32 Henry VIII., c. 10.

[377] Act 32 Henry VIII., c. 26.

[378] 'In ventos abiere infelici cum regionis tum religionis fato.'—Gerdesius, Ann., iv. p. 301.

[379] Wilkins, Concilia, iii. pp. 842, 847.

[380] Three editions of this book were published, in 1537, 1540, and 1543.

[381] Burnet, His. Ref., i. p. 543.

[382] Fox, Acts, v. p. 442.

[383] Fox, in his Acts, v. pp. 443 to 449, gives the names of all these persons, naming also their parishes and their offences.

[384] Wallop to Henry VIII., January 20, 1541.—State Papers, viii. p. 517.

[385] Fox, Acts, v. p. 449.

[386] Ibid. Collyer, ii. p. 184.

[387] Fox, Acts, v. p. 451.

[388] Cranmer, Works, i. p. xvi.

[389] Cranmer, Works, i. p. xvii.

[390] Ibid., p. xvii.

[391] Cranmer, Works, i. p. xvii.; Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, p. 102. Burnet.

[392] Cranmer, Works, i. p. xviii.

[393] 'The whole council being thereat somewhat amazed.'—Cranmer, Works, i. p. xix.

[394] Cranmer, Works, i.; Strype, Mem. of Cranmer; Burnet, Hist. Ref.; Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 139.

[395] 'The king to the chancellor.'—State Papers, i. p. 689.

[396] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 534.

[397] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 535.

[398] The confession is given by Burnet, Hist. Reform., iii. p. 224.

[399] Cranmer to the king, Works, ii. p. 408. State Papers, i. 689.

[400] Cranmer, Works, ii. p. 408.

[401] Cranmer, Works, ii. p. 409. State Papers, i. p. 690.

[402] State Papers, i. p. 691. The Council to Cranmer.

[403] 'His coming again to the queen's service was to an ill intent of the renovation of his former naughty life.'—Ibid., p. 700.

[404] Letters to the Privy Council.—State Papers, i. pp. 702, 704, 706, 708.

[405] Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Turner, and other historians say that Culpeper was executed on November 30. But we follow the documents signed by all the members of the council, which bear date December 10.—State Papers, i. p. 707.

[406] State Papers, i. p. 721.

[407] The bill is given by Burnet, Records, i. p. 567.

[408] The Roman Catholic historian Lingard, in his History of England, at first put forward the idea of a conspiracy;—'A plot was woven';—but in a later edition, he felt compelled to relinquish the idea of conspiracy and to substitute that of discovery;—'A discovery was then made.' The word complot remains in the French version of his work.

[409] 'The bishop of Rome is in great furor and rage against him.'—Harvel to the king. State Papers, ix. pp. 21, 22.

[410] Fuller, Church History, Book v. p. 239.

[411] Burnet, i. p. 570. Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 152. Gerdesius, Ann., iv. p. 308.

[412] Bonner's Admonition and Injunctions, i., Records, pp. 379, 380.

[413] Letter from Hilles to Bullinger, of December 18, 1542, the date of Catherine's trial.—Original Letters relative to the English Reformation, i. pp. 228, 229. (Parker Soc.)

[414] Original Letters relative to the English Reformation, pp. 234-235.

[415] Original Letters, &c., i. p. 240.

[416] Ibid., p. 241.

[417] Fox, Acts, v. p. 463.

[418] Anderson, English Bible, i. p. 569; ii. pp. 80, 156.

[419] 'An Act for the advancement of true religion and the abolishment of the contrary.'—Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, p. 142.

[420] Wilkins, Burnet, Strype, Todd, Life of Cranmer, i. p. 332.

[421] 'She was endued with singular beauty, favor and comely personage.'—Fox, Acts, v. p. 554.

[422] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 561.—Strype, Mem. of Cranmer, &c.

[423] Cranmer, Works, ii. p. ix. Burnet, Hist. of the Reform., i. p. 593. Strype, Fox, Todd, Life of Cranmer, i. p. 349.

[424] Fox, who relates these circumstances, adds in a note,—'Christ saith—Scrutamini Scripturas; and Winchester saith—The devil makes men to meddle with the scriptures.'

[425] 'An epistle of Master John Calvin, which Marbeck had written out.'—Fox, Acts, v. pp. 483, 484.

[426] Ibid., pp. 464-496.

[427] Despatch from the Privy Council to the French ambassador.—State Papers, ix. p. 388.

[428] Act of Succession, 35 Henry VIII. c. 1.

[429] Harvel to Henry VIII.—State Papers, x. p. 492.

[430] 'Three of their captains have desired leave to depart for lack of men.'—Poynings to Henry VIII., Boulogne, August 15, 1546.—State Papers, x. p. 570.

[431] 'Fearing lest the Italians should pass over to England.'—State Papers, x. p. 492.

[432] Fox, Acts, v. p. 496.

[433] Burnet, Hist. Ref., i. p. 617.

[434] Cranmer, Works, ii. pp. 339, 398. Fox, Acts, v. p. 537. Bale, Works, pp. 157, 161, 441. Bradford, Writings, i. pp. 290, 374, 529.

[435] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 598. Fox, Acts, v. p. 534.

[436] Bale, Select Works, p. 226 (Parker Society).

[437] Bale, Select Works, p. 190.

[438] 1 Cor. vii. 5, 15.

[439] 'He flung into his chamber in a great fury.'—Bale, Select Works, p. 177 (Parker Society). Fox, Acts, v. p. 543.

[440] Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 198.

[441] Bale's Works, p. 216. Fox, Acts, v. p. 546.

[442] Proclamation of July 8, 1546.

[443] 'My Lord Chancellor and Master Rich took pains to rack me in their own hands, till I was nigh dead.' Bale's Works, p. 224. Fox, Acts, v. p. 547. Burnet also relates the fact and adds some details:—'The lord chancellor, throwing off his gown, drew the rack so severely.' But Burnet is inclined to doubt the fact. The evidence of Anne Askew is positive. Burnet's doubt means nothing more than a bishop's respect for a lord chancellor.

[444] Letter from Ottwell Johnson to his brother, of July 2. Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 196.

[445] Bale's Works, p. 238. Fox, Acts, v. p. 549.

[446] Fox, Acts, v. p. 552.

[447] Ibid., p. 550.

[448] Fox, Acts, v. p. 553.

[449] Fox, Acts, v. p. 554.

[450] State Papers, i. p. 869. It is in this letter of September 17, 1546, that the first mention of the king's state is to be found.

[451] Fox, Acts, v. p. 555.

[452] Ibid., v. p. 555.

[453] Fox, Acts, v. p. 556.

[454] Gardiner's malicious interpretation of Acts iv. 32, where it is stated that the Christians had all things in common.

[455] 'The drawing of certain articles against the queen, wherein her life might be touched.'—Fox, Acts, v. p. 556.

[456] Fox, Acts, v. p. 557. Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 624.

[457] 'Cum enim Cancellarius ex improviso scriptum illud regis manu notatum e sinu in quem id recondiderat perdidisset.'—Gerdesius, Ann., iv. p. 352.

[458] 'The queen fell incontinent into a great melancholy and agony, bewailing and taking on in such sort as was lamentable to see, as certain of her ladies and gentlewomen, being yet alive, who were then present about her, can testify.'—Fox, Acts, v. p. 558.

[459] 'Almost to the peril and danger of her life.'—Ibid.

[460] It seems to have been Dr. Wendy.

[461] 'Was rather to pass away the time and pain of his infirmity.'—Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 624.

[462] 'In the midst of their mirth.'—Fox, Acts, v. p. 560.

[463] Fox, Acts, v. p. 561. Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 625.

[464] State Papers, i. p. 882.

[465] 'I have no access to your majesty.'—State Papers, i. p. 884.

[466] State Papers, i. p. 884.

[467] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 625.

[468] This paper is printed in State Papers, i. p. 891. The words underlined by the king are here printed in italics.

[469] 'Sore perplexed, trembling and like to fall down.'—Letter from Gate, Southwell and Carew to Henry VIII.—State Papers, i. p. 888.

[470] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 627.

[471] The date usually given is the 19th. We follow Lord Burleigh's Notes.—Merden's State Papers.

[472] She appointed as their preceptor John Fox, the evangelical author of the Acts and Monuments of the Martyrs, which we frequently quote.

[473] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 630.

[474] Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 631.

[475] Thevet, Cosmog. i. p. 16.

[476] Fox, Acts v. p. 689. Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., p. 634. Original Letters (Ellis), ii. p. 137.

[477] The will is to be found in Fuller, Church History of Britain, pp. 243-252, in Rymer, Foedera, &c.

[478] Phil. ii. 1, 2.

[479] Acts iv. 12.

[480] John xvii. 22, 23.

[481] 'Obter nun wohl noch nicht geweyhet war, vermahneten ihn doch gute Freunde Öffentlich zu predigen.'—Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 434.

[482] Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 435, &c. Cramer, Pomer. Chr. Herzog's Theol. Ency. ii., and various biographies.

[483] History of the Reformation, second series, vii. p. 270.

[484] 'Si pasturam assumis, papÆ et episcoporum hostem te facies; si repugnaveris Christi hostis eris.'—Gerdesius, Hist. Ref. ii. p. 50.

[485] 'Das unÜberwindliche ewige Worte Gottes, mit einem Schatten verdunkelt, nun heller als die Sonne.'—Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 665. Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 376. Gerdesius, Hist. Ref. ii. p. 132.

[486] 'Christus faciat gloriam suam crescere.'—Luther, Epist. iii. p. 290.

[487] 'So liegt auch mehr an Wittenberg zu dieser Zeit denn an drey Braunschweig.'—Ibid. p. 377. See also Richter, Evang. Kirchenordnungen. Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, pp. 666, 919. Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 378.

[488] 'Dass er sollte ewiglich bey Ihnen bleiben.'—Luther, Epist. iii. p. 399. Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 924. Richter, Evang. Kirchenordnungen.

[489] Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 1160. Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 384. Richter, Evang. Kirchenordnungen.

[490] History of the Reformation, First Series, vol. iv. book xiv. chap. 6.

[491] 'AnfÄnglich nicht wenig erschreckt, weil Gott, in seinem Herzen dies FÜnklein immer erhalten.'—Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 1414.

[492] 'Welches alles bey ihm grosse BetrÜbniss, BekÜmmerniss und Herzensangst erweckt.'—Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 1415.

[493] 'Omnium arborum radices in principio sunt tenuia fila ... et tamen producunt trabes et robora quibus tantÆ moles domorum, navium, et machinarum construuntur.'—Luther, Epist. iv. p. 400.

[494] 'Victo regno, victus est rex.'—Luther, Epist. iv. p. 440.

[495] 'Christus ist grÖsser dann alle FÜrsten.'—Epist. iv. p. 448.

[496] Eccles. xi. 9.

[497] 'Solle der Herzog gelÄchelt und den Bischof angesehen haben.'—Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 599.

[498] Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 492.

[499] 'Traten aus einem nahen Hause die Frauen und Jungfrauen der Stadt hervor, jener mit offener Brust, diese mit zerstreuten Haaren. ..'—Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 496. Hamelmann, Hist. renovati Evangelii. Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 1291.

[500] Compromise of October 18, 1532.

[501] Hist. of the Reformation, Second Series, vol. ii. book ii. chap. 21.

[502] History of the Reformation, Second Series, vol. ii. chaps. 22 and 23.

[503] 'Mediocrem pecuniÆ summam ei dant pontificii.'—Gerdesius, Hist. Reform. iii. p. 93.

[504] 'Und allein im Thurme die alten MissbrÄuche beybehalten wurden.'—Seckendorf, Hist. des Lutherthums, p. 1465.

[505] 'Amore Rotmani virum veneno interemit.'—Manlius, Excerpta, p. 485.

[506] Sleidan, De statu religionis, lib. x.

[507] 'Sin minus jam ira Dei vos obruet.'—Gerdesius, iii. p. 98.

[508] 'Johannes a Leidis artificio sartor.'—CochlÆus, Acta Lutheri, p. 252.

[509] Gerdesius, Hist. Reform, iii. p. 95. Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 531.

[510] 'Et a fanaticis hominibus incorruptam defendere.'—Gerdesius, Hist. Reform, iii. p. 95.

[511] 'Per eam pugnam urbe potiretur.'—CochlÆus, Acta Lutheri, p. 251.

[512] Arnold, Kirchen-Historie. Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 533.

[513] 'Vascula cervisiÆ plena quo mulieres fatigatos in itinere parvulos recreaturÆ videbantur, adimerent ... manibus panes ... ad leniendam famem ... raperent.'—CochlÆus, Acta Lutheri, p. 252.

[514] Kersenbroik, quoted by Ranke, Deutsche Geschichte, iii. p. 526. Hamelmann, 1216. Corvinus apud Schardium, ii. p. 315.

[515] 'Vestem non ad modum bonam.'—CochlÆus, Acta Lutheri.

[516] 'Intus humanis excrementis illitos.'—Kersenbroik, Bellona anabapt. Sleidan, De statu religionis, lib. x. p. 150.

[517] CochlÆus, p. 252.

[518] 'Reges atque principes omnes promiscue interficiat'—Sleidan, lib. x. p. 161. Gerdesius, Hist. Ref. iii. p. 102.

[519] 'Se suosque ministros exornavit holosericis, auratisque et argenteis indumentis, quÆ ex templis abstulerat.'—CochlÆus, p. 253.

[520] 'Duxit quindecim uxores et trecentas se ducturum declaravit.'—Sleidan, lib. x. p. 161. Gerdesius, iii. p. 123.

[521] Ranke, iii. p. 540.

[522] 'Coram senatu expandentes in terra pallia sua,' &c.—CochlÆus, p. 254.

[523] Kersenbroik, Raeumer, Geschichte Europas, ii. p. 467. Ranke, iii. p. 542.

[524] 'In lapides aliquoties dentes acuisse referuntur, sperantes juxta regis vaticinium illos conversos iri in panem.'—Gerdesius, iii. p. 154.

[525] 'Cum trium liberorum mater facta esset, eos omnes occiderit, sale condierit et comederit.... Infantium manus ac pedes, urbe capta, in salsamentis dicuntur reperti.'—Gerdesius, iii. p. 154.

[526] Hortens. in Ep. ad Erasmum, p. 152. Kersenbroik, in Bello Monast. p. 59. Gerdesius, iii. p. 104. Ranke, iii. p. 555. Raeumer, Geschichte Europas, ii. p. 467.

[527] Brandt, Reform. i. p. 51.

[528] 'A milite transfuga episcopo ... via indicata ... capiendi civitatem.'—Gerdesius, iii. p. 104.

[529] 'Rex vero latitans in turri quadam.'—CochlÆus, p. 255.

[530] 'Huc, illuc, ad principes ducebantur spectaculi et ludibrii causa.'—Gerdesius, iii. p. 105.

[531] 'Supplicio ultimo candentibus forcipibus distracti decesserunt.'—Sleidan, lib. x. p. 166. Heresbach, Epist. ad Erasmum, Corvinus. Gerdesius, iii. p. 105. Ranke, iii. p. 561. Brandt, Ref. i. p. 54.

[532] 'Parum curo. Satan furit sed stat Scriptura.'—Luther, Epp. iv. p. 548.

[533] 'Si qui improvide commiscerent ea quÆ toto tamen coelo distabant, Evangelii purioris professionem cum violentis illis Ecclesiarum et Rerumpublicarum perturbatoribus.'—Gerdesius, iii. p. 106. Compromise of the Diet of 1529. Seckendorf, Raeumer, Ranke.

[534] 'Deplorabo quoad vixero.'—Ubbonis Confessio, in Gerdesius, iii. p. 113.

[535] Psalm lxviii. 20.

[536] John viii. 51.

[537] See Note, p. 361.

[538] This name has first been written Keschel—altered to Kessel.

[539] Pius II. died in 1464.

[540] 'Gaspar Veronensis, p. 1038, 1043.'

[541] 'Diese Aufforderung nimmt sich in der GrÜndonnerstagsbulle v. 7 April, 1463, bei Raynaldus, 1463, n. 84 etwas wunderlich neben den FlÜchen aus.'

[542] 'Die ausfÜhrlichste Nachricht giebt Pius, Comment. p. 185, 186, einige werthvolle Notizen Niccolo della Tuccia, Cronaca, etc. ed. Orioli. Roma 1852, p. 307. Die verschiedenen Zeitangaben dÜrfen nicht irremachen: nach Tuccia geschah der Fund im Mai 1462, wobei er richtig bemerkt, dass der Papst damals in Viterbo war; damit stimmt Pius' Angabe in den Commentarien. Als ef jene Bulle erliess, war der Bau schon im Gange. Den Ertrag giebt auch Card. Papiens. Comment. p. 394 an.'

Transcriber's Note:
1. Spelling and punctuation errors have been corrected.
2. Original spelling has been retained where necessary.

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