The Ivory Workers of the Middle Ages

PREFACE

This little book can do no more than humbly touch the fringe of a large subject; but if it leads the reader to a further study of this beautiful craft, it will have amply fulfilled its duty.

I must express my deep obligation to the magnificent volume on ivories by M. Emile Molinier, whose masterly arrangement of a very fragmentary and scattered subject is a model of lucidity; and also to Dr. Hans Graeven, whose scholarly researches and excellent photographs are indispensable for a real study of the craft.

A. M. Cust.

December, 1901.

CONTENTS

			PAGE
List of Illustrations			xiii
Bibliography			xvii
CHAPTER I.
Consular and other Secular Diptychs			1
CHAPTER II.
Latin and Byzantine Ivories			37
	I.	Latin and Latino-Byzantine and
		the Early Byzantine Ivories	37
	II.	Byzantine Caskets	75
	III.	The Byzantine Renaissance	84
CHAPTER III.
Lombardic, Anglo-Saxon, Carlovingian
and German Ivories			96
	I.	Lombard Ivory Carvings	96
	II.	Anglo-Saxon Ivory Carvings	99
	III.	The Carlovingian Renaissance	106
	IV.	German Ivory Carving in the time
		of the Ottos	118
CHAPTER IV.
Romanesque and Gothic Ivories			129
List of Diptychs			157
List of Places where Important Examples
of Ivories can be found			165
Index			167

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG.		PAGE
1.	An Angel. Leaf of a Diptych.
	Fifth century. Byzantine
	British Museum, London	Frontispiece
2.	Second Leaf of the Diptych of Probianus,
	Vice-Prefect of Rome. End of fourth century
	Berlin Library	8
3.	First Leaf of the Diptych of Probus,
	Consul at Rome, 406 A.D.
	Duomo, Aosta	9
4.	First Leaf of the Diptych of Orestes,
	Consul at Rome, 530 A.D.
	Victoria and Albert Museum, London	14
5.	Leaf of the Diptych of Amalasuntha(?)
	Sixth Century. Italian
	Bargello, Florence	30
6.	Adam in the Terrestrial Paradise, and Scenes
	from the Life of St. Paul.
	Leaves of a Diptych. Fifth century. Italian
	Bargello, Florence	41
7 & 8.	Two Plaques, The Crucifixion and Christ leaving
	the PrÆtorium.
	Fifth century. Italian
	British Museum	46, 47
9.	Pyx with the Scene of Christ healing the Paralytic.
	Sixth century. Italo-Byzantine
	MusÉe de Cluny, Paris	51
10.	Cover of a Book of the Gospels
	(from S. Michele di Murano). Sixth century. Italo-Byzantine
	Ravenna Museum	53
11.	Cover of a Book of the Gospels, with three scenes from
	the Nativity (from Metz Cathedral).
	Sixth century. Italo-Byzantine
	BibliothÈque nationale, Paris	57
12.	Front of the Ivory Throne of St. Maximian,
	with St. John Baptist and the Four Evangelists.
	Sixth century. Byzantine
	Duomo, Ravenna	59
13.	A Panel from the same Throne, Bringing Joseph’s
	Coat to Jacob.
	Sixth century. Byzantine
	Duomo, Ravenna	63
14.	Oliphant. Ninth to tenth century.
	Oriental Byzantine
	Victoria and Albert Museum, London	73
15.	Veroli Casket. Byzantine
	Victoria and Albert Museum, London	77
16.	Front of a Casket, with scenes from the life of David.
	Ninth century. Byzantine
	Museo Kircheriano, Rome	81
17.	Harbaville Triptych.
	Tenth century. Byzantine
	Louvre, Paris	87
18.	Plaque with the Ascension of Christ.
	Eleventh century. Byzantine
	Bargello, Florence	89
19.	Christ enthroned.
	Eleventh century. Byzantine
	Trivulzio Collection, Milan	91
20.	Christ crowning the Emperor Romanus and the
	Empress Eudoxia.
	Eleventh century. Byzantine.
	Cabinet des MÉdailles, BibliothÈque nationale, Paris	93
21.	The Adoration of the Magi.
	Eleventh century. Anglo-Saxon
	Victoria and Albert Museum, London	101
22.	The XXVIIth Psalm represented in scenic form.
	Ninth century. Carlovingian
	ZÜrich Museum	109
23.	Cover of a Book of the Gospels.
	Ninth century. Carlovingian
	Abbey of St. Gall, Switzerland	113
24.	The Crucifixion and Allegorical Figures.
	Ninth century. Carlovingian
	Victoria and Albert Museum, London	115
25.	Panel of the Crucifixion, from a book cover.
	Tenth century. German
	John Rylands Library, Manchester	123
26.	Ceremonial Comb.
	Eleventh century. English
	British Museum, London	127
27.	A Bishop’s Crozier.
	Fourteenth century. French
	Victoria and Albert Museum, London	131
28.	The Coronation of the Virgin.
	Thirteenth century. French
	Louvre, Paris	137
29.	The Virgin and Child.
	Thirteenth century. French
	Bargello, Florence	139
30.	The Descent from the Cross.
	Thirteenth century. French
	Louvre, Paris	141
31.	A Polyptych, with the Virgin and Child
	and various scenes from the Nativity.
	Fourteenth century. French
	Victoria and Albert Museum, London	143
32.	First Leaf of a Diptych.
	Fourteenth century. French
	Mayer Coll., Liverpool Museum	145
33.	Plaque from a Casket Representing Dancers.
	Fourteenth century. French
	Bargello, Florence	147
34.	A Mirror Case, with the Elopement of Guinivere and Lancelot.
	Fourteenth century. French
	Mayer Coll., Liverpool Museum	149
35.	Panel from a Casket.
	Fourteenth century. French
	Bargello, Florence	151
36.	Triptych made for Bishop Grandison of Exeter.
	1327-1369. English
	British Museum, London	153
37.	Triptych.
	Early fifteenth century. Italian
	Victoria and Albert Museum, London	155

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