  CONTENTS VOLUME II. MODERN PHILOSOPHY (1453 to the Present Time) CHAPTER I THE CHARACTERISTICS AND DIVISIONS OF THE MODERN PERIOD CHAPTER II THE RENAISSANCE 1 (1453 - 1690) CHAPTER III THE HUMANISTIC PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE (1453 - 1600) CHAPTER IV THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE (1600 (1690)) 5 CHAPTER V THE RATIONALISM OF THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE CHAPTER VI THE ENLIGHTENMENT (1690 (1781)) 36 CHAPTER VIII BERKELEY AND HUME CHAPTER IX THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN FRANCE AND GERMANY 46 CHAPTER XI THE GERMAN IDEALISTS CHAPTER XII THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE THING-IN-ITSELF CHAPTER XIII THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 73 Transcriber’s Notes The cover image was provided by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain. Punctuation has been standardized. Most abbreviations have been expanded in tool-tips for screen-readers and may be seen by hovering the mouse over the abbreviation. This book was written in a period when many words had not become standardized in their spelling. Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged unless indicated with a Transcriber’s Note. Index references have not been checked for accuracy. Footnotes are identified in the text with a superscript number and have been accumulated in a table at the end of the text. Transcriber’s Notes are used when making corrections to the text or to provide additional information for the modern reader. These notes have been accumulated in a table at the end of the book and are identified in the text by a dotted underline and may be seen in a tool-tip by hovering the mouse over the underline. IMMANUEL KANT (The Puttrich’sche Portrait of Kant was printed in the Kant-Studien in 1906 and is said by Professor Vaihinger to be one of the best likenesses of the KÖnigsberg philosopher. The name of the artist was Puttrich, and the original painting goes back before 1798. It is interesting to note that this portrait of Kant was used by the sculptor, Rauch, as his model for the statue of Kant upon the memorial monument of Frederick the Great.) A BEGINNER’S HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY BY HERBERT ERNEST CUSHMAN, LL.D., Ph.D. Sometime Professor of Philosophy in Tufts College VOL. II MODERN PHILOSOPHY (‡ Colophon) BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY The Riverside Press Cambridge COPYRIGHT, 1911, BY HERBERT ERNEST CUSHMAN |
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