INDEX

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Acapulco, 67 note 42, 7677, 77 note 57, 174.

Acuerdo, 23, 91, 91 note 37, 126, 129 note 27, 147, 162, 164, 189, 190, 195196, 199, 200, 208, 210, 211, 213220, 225, 240ff., 252254, 269, 287, 293, 299, 301, 302, 315, 367, 375, 376, 387, 390, 400, 403, 427, 435;
development of,
in judicial matters, 214215,
in governmental and administrative matters, 215,
in ecclesiastical matters, 367;
autos acordados, 215216;
influence of, in reform measures (Constitution of 1812, government of the intendancy, etc.), 217;
administrative action independent of governor, 217218,
evil effects of, 218;
loss of power, 219220.

Acuerdo de hacienda, 24, 52, 60.

AcuÑa, see Bravo de AcuÑa.

Ad interim, administration, 304361;
laws authorizing, 305, 310314;
history of,
in South America, 305308,
in New Spain, 308312,
in Philippines, 312314, 316338;
laws regarding in the RecopilaciÓn, 314316;
failure of the audiencia, 337338, 358359, 361;
failure of the church, 359360;
plan of succession, 356358.
See also Audiencia of Manila; Lima; Mexico; Peru.

Adelantado, 11 note 6, 162 note 3.

AdministraciÓn, Consejo de, 220, 220 note 80.

Agriculture in the Philippines, committee of audiencia charged with encouragement of, 186.

Aguilar y Ponce de LeÓn, Rafael, governor, 142ff., 142 note 60, 300, 396 note 85.

Albay, 382.

Alcabala, 44, 44 note 19, 162.

Alcalde, 9, 10 note 3, 11 note 6;
judges with criminal jurisdiction in Lima and Mexico, 18.

Alcalde del crimen, 16 note 20, 86, 86 note 11, 88, 203;
authorized to try cases of strangers, 114.

Alcalde del PariÁn, 248, 248 note 45, 250.

Alcalde mayor, 53ff., 100, 116, 135, 157, 196, 218, 282, 287, 300, 309 note 12, 346347, 381, 396 note 85, 417;
qualifications, powers, duties, 11, 2630, 218;
in the Philippines, 33;
supervision over encomenderos, 53;
conduct toward Indians, 53, 212;
jurisdiction, 86, 116;
residencia, 129, 148149, 152155;
administration of estates, 174;
method of appointment, 200, 201, 202;
charged with trial of Indian cases, 212;
regulations of acuerdo concerning, 215;
supervision of collection of ecclesiastical tithes, 392 note 72.

Alcalde ordinario, jurisdiction, 26, 30, 71, 86, 116, 207, 237, 248;
in the Philippines, 3334;
residencia, 129.

Alcaraz, AndrÉs de, oidor, 245, 246 note 40, 321322.

Alguacil, 9, 54.

Almansa, Pedro de, oidor, 318, 318 note 32.

Almojarifazgo, 44, 45 note 19, 61, 162, 182, 335 note 64.

Alzadas, tribunal de, 112 note 73.

AmparÁn, AugustÍn de, regent, 141ff.

Anda y Salazar, SimÓn de, oidor and governor, 15 note 18, 138 notes 53, 54, 175 note 40, 228 note 2, 246247, 289, 289 note 46, 343ff., 343 note 76, 345 note 87, 347 note 89, 356 note 104, 360, 363, 369 note 7, 428, 443;
assumption of government, 347356;
residencia, 354, 356.

Antioch, Patriarch of, 278.

Appointment, power of, 302, 303, 315, 316, 323.

Appointments, ecclesiastical, 374, 374 note 25, 375, 377.

ArandÍa, Santisteban, Pedro Manuel de, 139 note 54, 228 note 2, 341, 342, 343.

Arce, Pedro de, Bishop of CebÚ, 376.

ArÉvalo, 35 note 4.

Arrechedera, Juan de, bishop and governor, 340, 341.

Arribadas, Juez de, 174, 175 note 40, 181.

Asesor, 72, 97 note 46, 132, 154, 166, 167ff., 209, 209 note 50, 218 note 78, 229 note 18, 283, 285, 317, 342;
de Santa Cruzada, 162.

Asylum, right of, 411, 411 note 5, 426, 427.

Audiencia, integral part of administrative system, 1, 31;
three classes of, powers and duties, 2122;
magistrates of, 21 note 32,
qualifications, 120;
basis of, 8394, 276;
relation to council of the Indies, 92, 104;
purpose, 260, 292;
abuses of, 285, 287 notes 43, 44, 322330;
historical development of powers, 296297;
succession of, 310314;
of South America, 307308.
Audiencia, colonial (Royal), creation, jurisdiction, organization, 1012, 13,
list of, 1617;
early history, 1822;
modeled on audiencias of Granada and Valladolid, 19;
compared to those in Spain, 2231;
magistrates, functions of, 24;
duties of governor as president of, 208211;
office of regent of, 211.

Audiencia of Manila, 17;
territorial jurisdiction, 20;
conditions of establishment, 3247;
opposition to, 4748;
established, 48;
provisions of law of establishment, 4955;
president of, 55;
difficulties, 5670;
arguments for abolishment, 6870;
breakdown of first audiencia, 71;
ad interim government, 7178;
restoration, 7879, 9698;
inauguration of new audiencia, 8082;
appointive power, 199202, 204;
method of appointment to, 202;
oversight of qualifications of appointees, 203.
Ad interim rule, laws on, 312314;
duties and conduct prescribed, 314315;
types of powers, 315316;
history of, 316338;
failure of, 337338, 358359, 361.
Administrative and semi-judicial functions, 160192;
the senior magistrate, 161162;
the asesor of the Santa Cruzada, 162;
the junta ordinaria, 162;
supervision over matters of church finance, 164165;
magistrates deprived of commissions, 169;
administration of estates, 170;
general supervision over financial affairs, 181182;
miscellaneous duties as representative of the King, 183;
responsible for execution of cÉdulas and decrees, 183184;
census statistics, 185;
sanitary matters, 186;
agriculture and commerce, 186;
expense of inauguration ceremonies of the governor, 187;
inspection, publication and censorship of books, 187191;
keeping of the archives, 191.
Judicial functions, civil and criminal, 84120;
appellate jurisdiction, 84, 101102, 119,
over Indians, 100103,
over religious, 104, 185,
over judges of first instance, 157;
suits involving encomiendas, 108110;
final jurisdiction, 91, 112, 113, 118, 119;
power to pronounce sentence of exile, 212;
advisory power, 213;
development of, in the acuerdo, 214215;
residencia, 121159,
jurisdiction over, 127, 148149, 156159;
court of appeal in, 126, 132134, 147;
judges of, 131, 135, 145, 146;
method of procedure, 129131, 150152.
See also Oidores.
Military functions, judicial, and administrative, 230231;
members of military tribunal designated by governor, 233, 237239;
advisory capacity
(to governor), 239241, 243244,
(to king), 242244;
assumption of government, 244247;
secondary position in government of Chinese, 249251, 253, 254;
jurisdiction in military affairs, 255258, 317319, 320, 328, 331332.

Audiencia of Manila in relation to the Church, 362, 409, 410.
Functions in ecclesiastical affairs: ultimate local authority in enforcing laws of royal patronage, 363364, 370;
right of opposed by church, 368371;
authority shared with vicepatron, 365366, 368370;
two kinds of ecclesiastical powers, executive and judicial, 366;
historical development of, 367.
Executive powers: examination of resolutions of councils, synods, 371,
of papal bulls, briefs, etc., 372;
enforcement of law forbidding laymen to trade with priests, supervision over prelates and provincials, assistance of missionaries, supervision of ecclesiastical visitors, removal of members of religious orders, etc., 372373;
brief summary of laws, 373;
jurisdiction over all classes of churchmen, 373375;
settlement of disputes between rival claimants to positions of authority particularly to position of archbishop, 375377;
intervention in removal of curates, 377378;
removal of regulars for cause, 378379;
disciplinary jurisdiction in crimes of priests or ecclesiastics, 379380;
assistance in internal disorder, 379;
inspection over prelates, 380381;
of ecclesiastical work of parish priests, 381384;
reception and supervision of ecclesiastical visitors from Spain or Mexico, 384;
reports to the court, 385386;
supervision of colleges and universities, 387;
advisory powers in educational affairs, 388390;
jurisdiction over matters of church finance, 391–401 (see The Church, finances);
supervision over espolios and vacant benefices, 401405;
construction of churches and conservation of ecclesiastical property, 405408;
summary, 408409.
Judicial powers (ecclesiastical jurisdiction);
distinction between, and its acts relative to royal patronage, 410412;
division of authority between civil and ecclesiastical courts, 412413;
power of intervention in ecclesiastical matters, 414415;
duty to guard prerogatives of civil magistrates, 415;
limitations of ecclesiastical courts, 415;
gradual growth of authority in ecclesiastical affairs, 416417;
high court of appeal in suits to which religious orders were parties, 418420;
jurisdiction over secular church courts (metropolitan tribunal of archbishop), 420;
recurso de fuerza, 420423, 424, 426, 429;
interdict (excommunication), 422428 (see also the Inquisition);
court of final resort in testing land titles, 440441;
jurisdiction over ecclesiastical visitations, 441442;
conduct influenced by local conditions, 442443;
summary, 443444.

Audiencia of Manila in relation to the governor, 8485, 9596, 102, 108109, 122, 147, 214;
conflicts with, 131132, 140145, 263273, 285298;
summary of relations, 299303.
See also Acuerdo Conflicts;
Governor;
Residencia, etc., etc.

Auditor, 16 note 20.

Auditor de guerra, 16 note 20, 24, 118, 233, 233 note 14, 238ff.

Auditor de marina, 16 note 20, 233.

Auditor de Rota, 16 note 20.

Augustinians, 68, 103ff., 272, 354, 378 note 35, 379 and note 36, 384, 406408, 416 note 15.

Autos, 111.

Autos acordados, 27 note 40, 215 note 71, 216.

Ayala, Gaspar de, fiscal, 71.

Ayuntamientos, 30, 157, 252.

Basco y Vargas, JosÉ, governor, 129, 139140, 140 note 55, 179, 217, 234, 234 note 18, 280ff.

Beringuer de Marquina, Felix, 129, 140 note 56, 167ff., 217218, 229 note 7, 234, 255256;
residencia of, 140145, 282284.

BernÁldez Pizarro, Manuel, 157 note 87.

Bienes de difuntos, 53, 66, 171ff., 174, 177 note 43, 181.

BolÍvar y MeÑa, Pedro Sebastian de, oidor, 255.

BÓnifaz, see PeÑa BÓnifaz.

Bravo de AcuÑa, Pedro de, governor, 108, 217, 220ff., 227, 227 note 1, 245, 286ff. and 43 and 44, 304.

Bravo de Saravia, Melchoir, 307.

Bribery, 261, 274 note 16, 329, 341, 383 note 47, 398399.

British, The, hostility of, 158, 186, 240, 244, 246;
alliance with Chinese, 289 note 46, 354;
capture of Manila, 343, 397 note 87.

Buenos Ayres, audiencia of, 17, 19, 20, 161.

Bustamente y Rueda, Fernando Manuel de, governor, 241, 241 note 31, 338, 380;
conflict with audiencia, 273280, 427;
murder of, 279280.

Cabecilla, 254, 255256.

Cabildo, 65, 376.

Caciques, 116, 173.

CÁdiz, 13, 174, 319 note 33.

CalderÓn EnrÍquez, Pedro, oidor, 103, 342, 342 note 75, 398, 399, 419420.

Camacho y Avila, Diego, archbishop, 375.

Camarines, bishop of, 354, 369 note 7.

Captain-general, see Governor and captain-general.
See also Mexico.

Captaincies-general, rank of audiencias, 2122.

Caracas, audiencia of, 17, 17 note 32.

Carvajal, see Gonzales Carvajal.

Casa de ContrataciÓn, 232233;
organization, functions, jurisdiction, 1214.

Castellan, 231, 233.

Castillo y Negrete, Manuel de, oidor, 168, 217.

Cavite, 114, 245, 274, 347, 406407.

CebÚ, audiencia of, 17, 35 note 4, 382;
bishop of, 376;
encomiendas in, 110.

CÉdulas, significance of form of address used, 368, 368 note 5.

Censorship, 187191.

Cerezo de Salamanca, Juan, 327328.

Charcas, audiencia of, 20, 21 note 32, 305, 307.

Charles V, founds audiencia of Manila, 18.

Chile, Santiago de, audiencia, 17, 2021, 307.

China, 32, 48, 6970, 80, 196 note 5, 213, 229, 241, 241 note 30, 285, 325, 374, 375 note 27, 386;
Dominicans in, 374 note 25;
taxation, 44 note 18.

Chinese, problems in connection with commerce with, 58, 61, 6263, 69, 79, 80, 85, 240, 241, 330, 354;
jurisdiction over, 119, 431;
licenses (taxes), 182, 216, 249, 255, 326, 393;
data concerning collected by audiencia, 185;
regulations of acuerdo concerning, 216;
government of, 247258;
administration of justice among, 255258;
revolt of, 289, 289 note 46;
marriage with, 378;
education of (mestizos), 390 note 71.

Church, 185, 190, 195, 197, 214, 268ff.;
construction of, 23, 405;
and the audiencia, 29, 5152, 63, 362444;
influence of, 41ff., 73, 80, 103ff., 241 note 31, 242, 274ff., 295, 334, 334 note 63, 338ff., 338 note 70, 342ff., 354, 359360, 387ff., 416ff., 432 note 58;
property of, 173, 173 note 33;
councils, 371.
Ad interim rule, 338355, 356, 359360;
legalization of, 339390;
relations between audiencia and ecclesiastical governor illustrated, 342343;
rule of Archbishop Rajo, 343351.
See also The Audiencia of Manila in relation to the Church.
Finances, under supervision of audiencia, 164, 391401;
tithes, 182, 391394;
funds of temporalities, 391, 395396;
obras pÍas (Santa Misericordia and San Juan de DiÓs), 395401;
taking of espolios, 401405.

Churchmen, not subject to residencia, 122;
reports and informaciÓnes required of, 386387.

Cisneros, Felipe, oidor, 205, 205 note 41.

Code of 1680, see RecopilaciÓn de leyes de los Reinos de las Indias.

College of San Juan de LetrÁn, 390.

Coloma y Maceda, Francisco de, oidor, 131132, 332ff., 434.

Columbus, colonial system under, 810.

Comisos, 118.

Commerce, see Trade.

Commissions, 160191, 203 note 28, 238ff., 238 note 25, 327 note 51, 348 note 91, 394, 440442.

Compensation of officials, 72, 161, 195, 199, 199 note 13, 201, 201 note 20, 209 note 50, 247, 289, 289 note 45, 305 note 2, 319320, 391 note 72.

Confiscation of property, 270 note 10, 272.

Conflicts, between officials and authorities, 6364, 169170, 291292, 292 note 50, 334335;
of jurisdiction, 14, 56, 67, 73, 161, 172, 177181, 210, 223 note 83, 224, 234235, 236, 292 note 50, 326, 358, 361, 382.

Conquest, expeditions of, 243, 317;
of Orient, projected by Spain, 66.

Consejo de Guerra, 234 and notes 17 and 18, 243244 and note 36.

Constitution of 1812, 101102, 215, 219;
reforms effected by, 119;
drafted by audiencia in acuerdo, 217.

Consulado de Manila, 115, 210, 283, 296 note 85;
establishment, 112, 182;
relation to audiencia, 112;
function, 113;
jurisdiction, 115, 400401.

Consulado de Sevilla, 13.

Contador, 24, 385 note 53;
de cuentas, 398.

ContadurÍa, 186;
de cuentas de Mexico, 75;
general, 173 note 33, 181;
mayor (Mexico y Lima), 198.

Contreras, see Moya de Contreras.

Corcuera, SebastiÁn Hurtado de, 138, 142 note 60, 217, 228, 246, 304, 327 note 51, 377, 397 note 87.

Corregidor, 2630, 30 note 47, 33ff., 33 note 3, 40, 47, 53ff., 71, 76, 86, 100ff., 121, 126, 174, 179, 196, 200ff., 206, 212, 215, 300, 309 note 12, 396 note 85, 439;
residencias of, 135, 147149, 157 note 86.

Corregimientos, 18, 51, 309 note 12.

Corte del Rey, tribunal of, 14.

CortÉs, Hernan, captain-general of Mexico, 308309.

Council of Castile, 14, 14 note 17.

Council of the Indies, 11, 13, 1416, 18, 24, 48, 52, 67, 68, 72, 84, 107, 111ff., 125, 132ff., 140, 143ff., 155 note 83, 159, 162163, 174, 177178, 190, 195, 196 note 5, 200, 203204, 205, 210 note 54, 224, 234, 235, 265, 268, 277, 279281, 303, 305, 305 note 2, 313, 333, 371 note 11, 372, 372374, 382, 388, 389, 392, 401, 421, 429.

Cruzat y GÓngora, Fausto, governor, 111, 217.

Cuba, audiencias in, 17, 2021, 161;
under Santo Domingo, 19.

Cuesta, Fray Francisco de la, archbishop and governor, 279ff., 338, 340 note 71, 380.

Curuzaelegui y Arriola, Gabriel de, governor, 213, 272273, 275, 268269, 334.

Cuzco, audiencia of, 17, 20, 21 note 32.

DasmariÑas, see Perez DasmariÑas.

DÁvalos, Melchoir, oidor, 57ff., 260.

Decano, 85, 131, 161162, 280, 316, 357.

Defense, 59, 141, 197, 220, 222, 225ff.;
the audiencia and, 59, 230ff., 239ff., 242ff., 244ff., 244 note 36;
of Manila, 246, 248;
of Philippine Islands, 313314, 317ff., 324, 336, 340341, 344ff., 363.

Delgado, Juan JosÉ, historian and Jesuit, 195;
cited on office of governor of the Philippines, 195, 228229.

DÍaz de Rivera, Francisco, fiscal, 206.

DÍaz Quejada y Obrero, FÉlix, 165166.

Diezmos, collection of, 23;
jurisdiction of audiencia over, 391ff., 391 note 72, 393 note 79.

Dominicans, 103ff., 242, 264, 268, 271272, 276277, 324 note 45, 338339, 354, 374 note 25, 389390, 396 note 85, 418ff., 427.

Durango, Governor, letters of, 29 note 45.

Dutch, 240, 244, 317, 321, 325, 397 note 87, 434, 434 note 63;
attacks of, 245.

Education, 23;
under supervision of audiencia, 185, 387, 388 note 66.
See also College of San Juan de LetrÁn;
San JosÉ, royal college of;
University of Santo TomÁs.

Encomenderos, relation to Spanish colonial land system, 33;
responsibilities and powers, 3536;
subject to residencia, 129;
method of appointment, 201;
forbidden to leave Philippines, 213.

Encomiendas, 28, 33 note 1, 34ff., 35 note 4, 37, 46, 47, 51, 96, 110, 110 note 67, 213, 221, 221 note 82, 315, 323, 323 note 43, 336337, 381, 393, 410 note 15;
inspection of, 164;
origin of, 93 note 40;
suits of, 92ff., 106ff.
See also Audiencia;
Law of Malines.

English, see British.

Enrile y Alcedo, Pascual, governor, 219, 300.

EspaÑola, early government, 10, 11;
under audiencia of Santo Domingo, 19.

Espeleta, see Lino de Espeleta.

Espolios, 23, 391, 401, 401 note 89, 402, 403, 404 note 104.

Excommunication, of officials, 75, 80, 279, 411, 411 note 4, 415, 422428;
abuse of, 380, 382;
limitations, 424, 425, 427, 435;
setting aside of, 425428.

Exile, sentence of, 212213, 212 note 60, 268269, 339, 379 note 36, 422;
of Archbishop Pardo, 270;
of churchmen, 270, 378379;
of governor, 142;
of oidores, 270 note 10.

Expedientes, 209 note 50, 218 note 78.

Factor, 24 note 37.

Fajardo y ChacÓn, Diego, 138, 304, 330.

Fajardo y Tenza, Alonso, governor, 108, 117118, 127, 202, 217, 228 note 2, 246, 247, 262, 265ff., 291, 321, 322ff., 397 note 87.

FalcÉs, MarquÉs de, 310.

FernÁndez ZÉndera, Francisco, alcalde mayor, 152155.

Finance, see Real hacienda.

Finances, church, see The Church, finances.

Fiscal, 5354, 65, 72, 97, 100ff., 114, 137, 141, 149, 201, 221, 250, 259, 263, 275, 318 note 32, 349, 354, 384, 387, 403, 407;
royal, 85, 114, 143, 277, 390 note 71;
de la contadurÍa general de Indias, 175 note 40;
de real hacienda, 142 note 59.

Fiscales, number of, 21 note 32, 38, 430;
marriage of, 206207.

Flores y Cassila, Matias, oidor, 326.

Florida, under Audiencia of Santo Domingo, 19;
Cape of, 20.

Fonseca y Azevedo, Alfonso, Archbishop of Seville, 9.

Foreigners, in Philippines, 170, 375, 375 note 26;
forbidden to trade, 143 note 61;
inheritance of property, 172, 172 note 31;
prosecution of, 114, 114 note 82.

Formosa, capture and loss, 246.

Franciscans, 272, 354, 381382, 383, 384, 434 note 63, 437, 441 note 74.

Free-masonry forbidden, 183.

Friars, see Religious.

Friar lands, 408409, 440442, note 75.

Fuero mixto, 105, 60; fuero militar, 237, 430 note 55.

Fuerza, 414, 426.

Fuerza, Recurso de, 23, 25, 420423, 424, 426, 429, 444.

GalbÁn y Ventura, Manuel de, oidor, 354.

Galleons, 67, 67 note 42, 113, 127, 134, 158159, 177, 177 note 44, 188, 194 note 2, 216221, 222, 263, 274;
galleon space, 77, 95, 115, 261, 302, 318320, 319 note 33, 319 note 34, 327, 349, 353, 353 note 98, 385386, 397ff.;
galleon officials, 127128, 158159;
galleon trade, limitations on, 7677, 77 note 57, 9596,
on valuation of suits, 88ff., 9192.

GalvÉz, Jose de, 15.

Gasca, Pedro de, 305 note 2.

Gobernadorcillos, 154 note 81.

Gobernadores, of provinces, 27, 30 note 45, 48;
residencias of, 147149.

Gonzales Carvajal, Ciriaco, 140 note 55, 156 note 85, 205 note 41, 217.

Gorospe É Irala, Diego, bishop, 403.

Governor, powers and duties, 39,
abuse of, 4143, 66, 7576, 141, 221ff., 272273, 278, 278 note 28;
authorized to try cases of strangers, 114;
legal right to remove officials, 122123;
judges of residencia designated by, 126;
residencia of, 135145, 157 note 86;
commercial excesses, 261;
relation to home government, 296;
appointment of, 321, 327ff., 330ff.;
ad interim, 328329, 329333.
Captain-general, 79;
military jurisdiction claimed by, 177179, 237;
independent in exercise of military authority, 225, 230;
need of military qualifications, 228;
head of special judicial system for trial of soldiers under military law, 118, 231247;
pardoning power, 232;
designation of auditor de guerra, 233;
sharing of authority, 241242, 243244;
jurisdiction over Chinese, 119, 247258;
military powers, 321.
President of royal audiencia, 208211, 216, 225;
oversight of judicial work of audiencia, 210;
pardoning power, 210211;
governorship separated from presidency, 211.
Royal vice patron, 195, 216, 268, 269;
relation to provincial governments, 195, 196.
Viceroy, general relations to the audiencia, 193204;
official title, 193;
threefold functions, 193194;
administrative functions, 196, 224;
supervision of administration of colonial exchequer, 197198;
appointing power, 198204,
abuse of, 261, 292,
limitation of, 263;
conflicts over, with audiencia, 199200,
temporary appointments (ad interim, etc.), 200202, 203;
reports on services and recommendations for promotion or dismissal of officials, 204208;
independent judicial powers: jurisdiction over Indian cases, 211,
over property condemnation suits, 212;
power to exile, 212, over travelers, 213214;
relative authority of governor and audiencia, laws of the Indies on, 214, 218;
relations between detailed, 220225;
influence on, and power over, illustrated, 273280.

Granada, chancery of, 19, 23.

Grao y MonfalcÓn, Juan, 79 note 61.

Great Britain, see British.

Guadalajara, audiencia of, created, 17, 20;
size and rank, 21 note 32;
mentioned, 309 note 12, 312.

Guam, Island of, 127128.

Guatemala, audiencia of, see Santiago de Guatemala.

Guerela, Francisco, oidor, 381382, 424.

Guerra, auditor de, appointment, jurisdiction, duties, 233;
complaint regarding, 238.
Consejo ordinario de, 234.
Junta de, 22 note 32, 113114, 114 note 79, 232, 233, 234.
Junta de, de las Indias, organization and jurisdiction, 232233;
instances of method of procedure, 233234.
See also Marina, auditor de.

Guerrero, Hernando, archbishop, 376377, 380.

Hacienda, see Real hacienda.

Hacienda, acuerdo general de, 24;
junta de, see Acuerdo de hacienda.

Havana, audiencia of, 17, 21 note 32.

Honduras, Cape of, boundary of, New Spain, 20.

Humboldt, Alexander von, 60 note 31, 131.

Hurtado de Corcuera, SebastiÁn, see Corcuera, SebastiÁn Hurtado de.

Igorrotes, 154.

Ilocanos, 154.

Ilocos, 179, 217, 341;
encomiendas in, 35 note 4.

Indians, provisions for just treatment and protection of, 23, 53ff., 87, 99102, 104, 107, 152156, 164, 336337, 380381, 411;
taxation of, 28, 93, exemption from, 353;
employment, in road-building, and ship-building, 28;
jurisdiction of governor over, 211.

Indies, Council of the, see Council of the Indies.

Informaciones de servicio, 121, 385 and note 53.

Inquisition, in Manila, relations with audiencia, 188189;
supreme power of, 429430, 434;
gradual delimitation and circumscription of authority, 430431, 439440;
utilized by prelates for usurpation of powers belonging to civil government and audiencia, 431432;
utilized, influenced and possessed by individuals and private interests for selfish ends, 432434;
excesses of commissary Paterniva, 435436;
struggle and ultimate defeat of weak audiencia and governor with, 437438;
authority over given to civil courts, 439440.

Intendants, 255;
Ordinance of, 198, 404405.

Interdicts, see Excommunication.

Intestates, administration of estates of, 170181.

Japan, relations with Philippines, 32, 48, 213, 220, 229, 324325, 372.

Japanese, 59, 240, 241242;
insurrection of, 320.

Jesuits, in Philippines, 68, 266, 268, 271 note 13, 272, 276, 278 note 28, 241, 280, 354, 386, 388389, note 66, 395, 418ff., 426.

Juan, Jorge, authority on Spanish colonization, 130 note 28.

Judges, see alcalde, corregidor, juez de, oidor, residencia, etc.

Juez conservador, 166 and note 16, 380 note 41.

Juez letrado, 13.

Juez de difuntos, 170ff., 172173, 264.

Junta de guerra, 22 note 32, 113114, 114 note 79, 232, 233, 234.

Junta ordinaria de la real hacienda, 162, 162 note 6.

Junta superior de la real hacienda, 162 note 7.

Justice, administration of, before establishment of audiencia, 40;
in provinces, 2631, 32;
under audiencia, 49, 56ff., 7174, 79, 80, 83120, 137138, 153154, 196197, 210 and note 54, 218 note 78, 227, 234ff., 255ff., 259303, 307309, 310, 315, 317, 362, 382, 401, 410ff., 442, 444.
See also Audiencia, judicial functions, military jurisdiction;
Audiencia, president of;
Chinese;
Governor (captain-general);
Guerra, auditor de, junta de, etc.

King, officials appointed by, 200;
final pardoning power, 210.

King’s Fifth, see Quinto.

Ladrones (Marianas Islands), 127, 144;
galleons instructed to stop at, 222.

Lanza, 165 note 11.

La Plata, audiencia of, 17, 20, 21 note 32.

Laudin, Fray Alonso, 414.

Lavezares, Guido de, 37.

Laws of the Indies, see RecopilaciÓn de leyes de las Indias.

Leandro de Viana, Francisco, fiscal, 15 note 18, 182, 217, 300, 345 note 85, 354, 407.

Legaspi, GerÓnimo de, governor, 37, 326, 326 note 48.

Le Gentil de la GalaisiÈre, Joseph Hyacinthe, 195, 381.

Legislation, see Acuerdo.

LeÓn, Manuel de, governor, 333, 434ff., 434 note 64.

Letrado, 13, 74, 238.

Leyte, encomiendas in, 110.

Lieutenant-governor, 316, 317.

Lima, audiencia of, 1821, 86, 117 note 88;
assumption of government by (ad interim rule), 305306.

Lino de Espeleta, Miguel de, bishop and governor, 139 note 54, 341342, 341 note 73;
espolio, 404 note 104.

LizÁrraga, Conde de, governor, 128, 335.

Loarca, MiguÉl de, encomendero, 35 note 4.

Louisiana, under audiencia of Santo Domingo, 19.

LÓpez de Legaspi, Miguel de, governor, 37, 260 note 1.

LuzÓn, 35 note 4, 243, 248, 310.

Macao, rival to Manila, 62.

Madras, 172 note 31, 206.

Maestre de campo, 231, 336, 338, 369 note 7.

Maldonado, see Rivera Maldonado.

Malines, Law of, 9293, 94, 95, 106, 107, 108.

Manila, captured by British, 343, 344, 349.

Marianas Islands, 127, 144, 222.

Marique de Lara, Sabiniano, 330.

Marina, auditor de, appointment, jurisdiction, duties, 233.

Marquina, see Beringuer de Marquina.

Marriage, of officials, laws forbidding, 205207;
of natives, ordinance enforcing, 216.

MÁs, Sinibaldo de, 130;
cited on interference of audiencias, 218, 218 note 78;
cited on relative functions of audiencia and governor, 223, 223 note 83.

Medias anatas, 165166, 165 notes 11, 13, 335 note 64.

Mestizos, Chinese, 390 note 71, 393, 419.

Messa y Lugo, Álvaro, oidor, 263ff.

Mexico, 115, 177;
audiencia, created, 1622, appeals to, from Philippines, 43, 6669, 71, 74, 78, 96, 137, 277, 290;
assumption of government by audiencia, 305, 308309, provision of succession, 310311;
captaincy-general of CortÉs, 309.

Mindanao, 220, 243, 418.

Mindoro, Recollects in, 418.

Misa, Francisco de la, factor, in re encomiendas, criticizes the government, 37 note 9;
memorial of, 75ff., 96ff.

Misericordia, see Santa Misericordia.

Missionaries, see Religious.

Moluccas, expeditions to, 243, 245, 246, 318, 321, 323.

Monopolies, royal, 166ff., 166 note 15, 281, 335 note 64.

Montemayor y Mansilla, Francisco de, oidor, 297ff., 332ff., 332 note 58, 434.

Monte pÍo, 396 note 85.

Montero y Vidal, cited on military aspect of governor’s position, 230.

Morga, Antonio de, teniente y asesor, 74 note 54, 77, 9899, 245, 248 note 45, 300, 317ff.

Moros, defense against, 141, 243, 341.

Moses, B., cited on assumption of government by audiencia, 306;
cited on division of authority between civil and ecclesiastical courts, 412413.

Moya de Contreras, Pedro, archbishop and viceroy, 67.

Natives, see Indians.

New Granada, audiencia of, 1920.

New Mexico, references to, 29 note 45.

New Spain, audiencias of, comparison of powers with audiencia of Manila, 8 note 1;
government of, 29, 40, 45 note 19, 203, 226, 304, 383;
relations with Manila, 72, 194195, 194 note 2;
viceroy of, 4748, 185196, 200, 220, 277, 285286, 303, 306, 308ff., 312313, 327, 356;
assumption of government by, 304312, 314.

NiÑo de Tavora, Juan, governor, 109, 246, 251 note 49, 304, 327, 328.

Notaries, 55.

Novenos, 381 note 72, 392.

Nueva Galicia, references to correspondence regarding, 29 note 45;
audiencia of, 309 note 12.

Nueva Segovia, Bishop of, 340, 351, 371 note 11, 376, 377 note 32, 403.

Nueva Vizcaya, references to correspondence relating to, 29 note 45.

Nuevo LeÓn, references to correspondence relating to, 29 note 45.

NuÑez Vela, Blasco, 305.

Obando y SolÍs, JosÉ Francisco de, governor, 244.

Obras Pias, 391, 396401.

Observants, Order of, 418.

Offices, sale of, 221, 261, 263, 302303.

Officials, minor, appointment of, 146ff., 202;
residencias of, 156, 159.

Oficiales reales, 24, 23 note 37, 28, 34 note 3, 46, 75, 118, 174, 210, 237, 262, 385 note 53, 391 note 72;
removal of, 122123;
dispute with juez de difuntos over administrative matters, 179181;
accounts of audited by oidor, 182, 196;
inspectors of ships, 188;
method of appointment, 200, 201,
of filling vacancies, 311;
taking of espolios of prelates, 402405.

Oidores, duty of, 24;
special duties, 85, 88, 100, 126, 129, 160ff.;
members of juntas reales, 28;
inspections by, 30, 121ff., 163164, 188;
interference in matters of government illustrated, 5758;
extent of authority claimed, 5864;
removal of, 122123;
special commissions (judgeships), 160163,
limitations of, 166170;
periodical inspection of provinces (visiting oidor), 163164, 293;
judge-commissioner of medias anatas, 165166;
asesores (jueces conservadores), 166;
jueces de difuntos, 170181;
disputes with Captain-general, 177179,
with oficial real, 179181;
charged with investigations of conduct of officials, 184, 187, 208;
instances of, 184;
reports on educational documents by “royal designation,” 200, 201;
minute supervision of governor over personal conduct of, 204, 208;
marriage restrictions, 205207;
judicial power over of governor, 207, 208;
salable offices not to be conferred on relatives, 221, 287;
liable to service on military tribunals, 231232, 237239;
in Chinese cases, 255;
advice and interference in military matters, 240241, 243244;
commercial excesses, 285286, 291;
importance of in ad interim rule of audiencia, 316;
deprived of control in military affairs, 328;
prohibited from interference with internal government of religious orders, 372;
visitors of the provinces, 381384;
required to render special and regular reports to court in re ecclesiastical concerns, 385386;
forbidden to act as rectors of colleges or universities, 387;
forbidden to interfere save at five-year intervals with property of Santa Misericordia, 399;
intervention in the taking of espolios, 402;
inspection of royal hospital at Manila, 408;
laws governing conduct toward Inquisition, 429430.

Olazo, Lorenzo de, soldier, 327.

Ordenanzas reales para la Casa de ContrataciÓn, 26 note 40.

Orders, religious, see Religious.

Ordinance of Intendants, see Intendants, Ordinance of.

Ordinance of Good Government, 217.

OredaÍn, Santiago, asesor, 342ff.

Orient, Spain in, 66.

Ortega, Fray Francisco de, Bishop of Nueva Segovia, 68.

Otazo, Diego de, Jesuit, 278 note 28.

PalÓu, Francisco de, 374.

PanamÁ, 18, 20;
audiencia of, created, 16;
rank and size, 21 note 32.

Pancada, 80, 80 note 62.

PangasinÁn, 155 note 82, 206, 403.

Pardo de Tavera, T. H., historian, 33, 99 note 1.

Pardo (FernÁndez de), Felipe, archbishop, 268ff., 334, 369, 369 note 7, 419, 422, 427, 432 note 60, 442443.

Pardons, 211, 232, 236.

Pareceres de servicio, 121, 121 note 2.

PariÁn, 85, 85 note 6, 216, 248ff., 248 note 45, 252ff.

Paternina, Joseph de, commissary of the Inquisition, 435ff.

PavÓn, JosÉ, oidor, 336, 336 note 65.

PeÑa BÓnifaz, Manuel de la, oidor and temporary governor, 297ff., 332, 434.

PÉrez DasmariÑas, GÓmez, governor, 35 note 5, 72, 75, 197, 241, 285, 316317.

PerÚ, comparison of audiencia with audiencia of Manila, 8 note 1;
alcabala, 45 note 19;
jurisdiction of audiencia, 85;
government and viceroy, 161, 226, 303, 304305;
assumption of government by audiencia, 305, 306.
See also Lima, audiencia of.

Pesquisa, 119, 123 note 10, 125, 307.

Pesquisidores, oidores as, 23, 91, 91 note 34, 125, 215;
residencias of, 50.

Philip II, founds audiencia of Manila, 19, 48;
reforms, 46 note 21;
withdraws audiencia, 71.

Philip III, extends institution of audiencia, 19;
reforms, 93.

Philip IV, founds audiencias, 19;
reforms, 37 note 9, 123, 171.

Philippines, geographical position, 32;
government of: under audiencia of Mexico, 18, 39;
administration of prior to audiencia, 3244,
after breakdown of audiencia, 7172, 7378;
problems, of encomienda, 3438,
of the governorship, 3843;
relation to New Spain, 39ff., 57ff.;
military administration, 40, 76, 296297;
influences for creation of audiencia, 4346,
reasons for, 47,
opposition to, 4748;
administration:
by audiencia, 81, 204, 304361;
by church, 279, 340ff., 356, 356 note 105, 359360, 362364.
See also Manila, audiencia of;
Chinese;
EspaÑola;
Governor;
Oidores, Residencia, etc., etc.

Pimentel, Antonio, governor of Marianas, 127ff., 271272, 271 note 13.

Pinelo, LeÓn, contribution to RecopilaciÓn, 25 note 40, 2627.

Pizarro, Francisco, relations with audiencia of Lima, 305, 305 note 2.

Pizarro, GonzÁlo, relations with audiencia of Lima, 306.

Playa Honda, Battle of, 245, 322.

Pliegos de Providencia, 340ff.

Poblete (MilÁn de Poblete) JosÉ, archbishop, 212 note 60, 369, 380.

Polo, 28, 28 note 44, 353.

Portuguese, incursions of, 6263;
resentment at establishment of audiencia, 6970, 70 note 44;
relations with, 240.

PotosÍ, 307.

Prelate, see Church.

Prescott, William, 130 note 28.

Presidency, audiencia of, 2122;
rank of, 21 note 32.

President, see Governor and Captain-general.

Presidents, of audiencias, powers and duties, 22.

Presidios, 194 note 2.

Procurador general, duties of, 44, 44 note 18.

Procurator, 68, 228, 414.

Property, administration of, 170ff.

Provincial administration, 2631.

Provisor, 378 note 35, 380 note 40, 412 note 6, 426.

Puerto Principe, audiencia of, 17;
size and rank, 21 note 32.

Puerto Rico, government of, 11,
under audiencia of Santo Domingo, 19, 161;
audiencia created, 17;
size and rank of audiencia, 21 note 32.

Quiapo, 386.

Quinto, 118, 162, 162 note 3, 182.

Quito, audiencia of, created, 17;
size and rank, 21 note 32;
mentioned, 20, 305, 341.

RaÓn, JosÉ, governor, 139, 139 note 54, 217.

Real hacienda, audiencia and, 52, 67, 75, 76, 87, 97, 118, 143, 151, 156 note 85, 162163, 162 notes 6, 7, 166 note 15, 169, 174175, 175 note 40, 174182, 197198, 222, 262, 265266, 272273, 274275, 281, 283, 318319, 320, 325, 353355, note 98, 394395, 400.

Receptor, 126, 126 note 15.

Recollects, 380, 418ff.

RecopilaciÓn de leyes de los Reinos de las Indias, 25, 25 note 40, 83, 130, 130 note 28, 250, 276, 301, 305, 314315, 373, 387, 415, 417, 429.

Recurso de fuerza, 105, 411, 411 note 3, 420ff., 421 note 27.

Reforms, 37, 46 note 21, 8182, 132134, 144, 154157, 184, 217, 274275, 329330, 331, 392393.
See also Intendancy.

Regents, salaries of, 21 note 32;
powers and duties, 85, 131, 141, 186, 211;
recommended for audiencia of Manila, 223 note 83;
royal instruction of, 208, 357, 357 note 107.

Religious, 103ff., 185, 372, 378 note 35, 380ff., 386387, 387 note 61, 405ff., 410444, 417 note 18;
regulations of acuerdo concerning, 215;
suits between, 418ff., 442.

Removals, of civil officials, 123, 218,
of ecclesiastics, 377378.

Repartimientos, of Indians, 28, 28 note 44, 93, 93 note 40.

Residencia, 23, 25, 50, 74, 9798, 118, 119, 121151, 123 note 10, 159, 203, 209, 209 note 50, 247, 261, 264, 270 note 10, 269, 273, 274 note 16, 280, 283284;
officials subject to, 129, 134, 135ff., 142 note 59, 146, 152156, 208;
origin, 124;
reforms in, 131, 133, 145, 149150, 155158;
bonds of, 134, 135, 142, 143, 145, 153, 274;
fines, 143, remission of, 91;
method of conducting, 145150,
length of, 150151;
sentence of, 151152;
book of, 192;
of provincial officials, 216.
See also Manila, audiencia of.

Revenues, ecclesiastical, 366, 389ff., 396ff.

Revista, 49.

RÍos Coronel, Fernando de los, 228.

Rivera, Gabriel de, procurador de las islas del poniente, 44ff.

Rivera de Maldonado, Antonio de, oidor, 71.

Robertson, James Alexander, historian, 130 note 28, 310 note 15.

Rojas, Pedro de, teniente y asesor, 71;
transferred to Mexico, 74;
peculations, 285286.

Rojas y Ornate (OÑate), Francisco de, visitor-general, 251, 313, 326327.

Rojo del RÍo y Vieyra, Manuel Antonio, archbishop and governor, 139 note 54, 246, 341;
ad interim rule, 343355;
espolio, 404 note 104, 428.

Ronquillo de PeÑalosa, Diego, governor, 42.

Ronquillo de PeÑalosa, Gonzalo, governor, 39ff., 41 note 14, 107, 137, 260, 425.

Royal patronage, shared by audiencia and governor, 23, 82, 268ff., 302, 362409;
origin, 363 note 2;
resistance to, 369, 369 note 7, 370ff.

Ruego y Encargo, 365 note 3, 378 note 35, 382.

Salaries, see Compensation.

Salas, number in respective audiencias, 21 note 32.

Salazar, Domingo de, bishop and first archbishop, 38ff., 64ff., 73, 73 note 51, 107, 260, 362, 368369, 418 notes 15 and 16, 431.

Salcedo, Diego de, governor, residencia of, 131ff.;
lack of support by audiencia, 297ff., 362ff.;
enmity of the Inquisition, 380, 432434, 438 note 69.

San Francisco de Quito, see Quito.

San JosÉ, royal college of, 388389, 390.

San Juan de DiÓs, 396 note 86, 397.

San Juan de LetrÁn, college of, 390.

SÁnchez, Fray Alonzo, 68, 362.

Sande, Francisco de, governor, 36, 37, 38ff., 137, 162 note 3, 196 note 5.

Santa Cruzada, asesor de, 24, bull of, 24.

Santa FÉ (de BogotÁ), audiencia of, 17;
size and rank, 21 note 32;
presidency, 306307;
defects of, 307;
law of succession, 311.

Santa Misericordia, 396, 397401.

Santiago de Chile, audiencia of, created, 17, 20;
size and rank, 21 note 32;
mentioned, 347.

Santiago de Cuba, audiencia, created, 17.

Santiago de Guatemala, audiencia created, 17, 20;
size and rank, 21 note 32.

Santo Domingo, audiencia, 12, 16, 19, 20, 31;
predecessor of, 11;
size and rank, 21 note 32.

Santo TomÁs, University of, 387, 388, 389, 390.

Saravia, see Bravo de Saravia.

Sarrio, Pedro, teniente del rey and acting governor, 178, 214, 281, 390.

Segundo Cabo, 230, 281, 357358.

Serrano (GarcÍa y Serrano) Miguel de, archbishop, 376.

Seville, Consulado of, 13, 319 note 33.

Silva, Fernando de, governor, 324, 325326.

Silva, GerÓnimo de, governor, 138, 142 note 60, 321, 324, 326, 328.

Silva, Juan de, governor, 251, 295, 304, 321.

Slavery, 184.

Sociedad de los amigos del paÍs, 186, 281 note 33.

Soldiers, trial of, 231, 247.
See also Audiencia of Manila, military functions.

SolÓrzano y Pereyra, Juan de, author of Politica Indiana, 15 note 18, 22, 22 note 23, 24, 26 note 40.

South America, audiencias and governments of, 304ff.

Spain, colonial administration: definition of, 1;
adaptation of home institutions to, 8;
sketch of development of, 129;
under Columbus, 810;
audiencias in, 25, 214;
high purpose of, 99100;
ineffectiveness of illustrated, 100101;
pomp and ceremony of, 187;
cause of failure, 236237;
defects in, 299300;
plan of succession adopted for, 358;
government by audiencia typical of, 360361.

Spanish, instruction in, 154.

Spielberg, George, Dutch free-booter, 321.

Subsidy, deductions at Acapulco, 25 note 37, 175 note 40, 176 and note 41, 319 note 33, 175 note 27.

Succession, of audiencia to government, 266, 273, 304361;
in Peru, 310;
in Mexico, 310;
laws regarding, 310314.
See also Manila, audiencia of.

Suits, 112ff., 400;
criminal, 116ff., 116 note 88;
in docket, 128;
involving Chinese, 119ff.;
property, 111ff.;
records of, 111;
valuation of, 111, 112, 115, 132133, 146.
See also Manila, audiencia of.

Sulus, Mohammedan, expeditions against, 57.

Superintendente general de la real hacienda, 177.

Superintendente subdelegado de la real hacienda, 167, 198, 254255, 394, 400.

Supreme Council of War, 232.
See Guerra de Indias, Junta de.

Supreme Tribunal of Justice, 157, 157 note 86, 159, 162 note 7, 181, 190.

Tabasco, relation to New Spain, 20.

Tavora, see Nino de Tavora.

Taxation, on imported money, 61;
on metals (mined), 182;
Chinese, 182, 254.
See also Adelandados, Alcabala, Almojarifazgo, Diezmos, Medias anatas, Polo, Quinto, Real hacienda.

Tayabas, inspection in, 179.

Tello de GuzmÁn, Francisco, governor, 75, 78, 108, 245, 317318.

Temporalities, 389, 391, 395 note 83.

Teniente del governador, 11, 71, 74, 154, 285, 344ff.;
del rey, 142 note 59, 355, 356357.

Ternate, 200, 245.

Testimonios, 111 note 68.

Tidore, request for assistance from king of, 245.

Tierra Firme, 305.

Tithes, ecclesiastical, see Diezmos.

Tondo, a ward of Manila, 100, 100 note 53, 179.

Tormento, Josef, alcalde mayor, residencia of, 149.

Torralba, JosÉ, oidor and acting governor, 127, 142 note 60, 158, 273, 274 note 16, 278279, 335336, 335 note 64.

Torre, Gaspar de la, governor, 243, 340.

Torre, Francisco Xavier de la, teniente del rey and acting governor, 139 note 54, 219, 243244, 355356, 355 note 102, 347 note 89, 348 note 91.

TourÓn (TournÓn-Millard Touron), CarlÓs TomÁs, papal delegate 278 note 27, 336 note 65, 374375, 375 note 27.

Towns, administration of justice in, 30, 3334.

Trade, 287, 287 note 44, 302, 318319, 327, 401;
Chinese, 73, 185, 248, 252253, 262, 289 note 47, 327, 330;
illicit, 144;
report on, 186;
ruination by taxation, 4445;
of ecclesiastics, 399;
of officials, 148, 154, 157 note 87, 204205, note 35, 222, 259, 273274, 285, 291, 291 note 49, 299, 319 notes 33 and 34, 372.
See also Chinese, commerce with;
Galleons.

Tribunals, ecclesiastical, 412ff., 412 note 6, 420, 436ff., 440 note 72.

Tribute, 34 note 4, 37 note 9, 59 note 61, 215, 220;
from Chinese, 185.

Trinidad, Archbishop, 341, 341 note 73.

Ulloa, Antonio, authority on Spanish colonization, 130 note 28.

UnamanÚ, Pedro, voyage to China, 62.

Universities in the Philippines, see San JosÉ, San Juan de LetrÁn, Santo Tomas.

University of Santo TomÁs, founding of, 387, 388, 389, 390.

Urdaneta, AndrÉs de, 310 note 15.

UstÁriz, Bishop of Nueva Segovia, 351352, 354.

Vacancies, 312, 315, 351, 375ff.
See also Succession, Manila, audiencia of, ad interim rule.

Valderrama, Domingo de, visitor-general to New Spain, 310.

Valdivia (Campos Valdivia) Francisco, visitor-general, 273, 423, 443.

Valladolid, chancery of, 19, 23, 170.

Van Noordt, Oliver, Dutch free-booter, 74 note 54, 245.

Vargas, see Basco y Vargas, JosÉ.

Vargas Hurtado, Juan de, governor, 140, 213, 228 note 2, 268269, 333, 368, 423, 432 note 60.

Veedor, 24 note 37.

Venezuela under audiencia of Santo Domingo, 19.

Vera, Santiago de, governor, 55ff., 62, 66, 67, 71, 241 note 30, 260.

Viana, Francisco Leandro de, fiscal, 15 note 18, 182, 217, 300, 345 note 85, 354, 407.

Vicarios, 412 note 6.

Vicepatron, assisted by oidores, 28, 216, 269, 364ff., 369 note 7, 370ff., 426.
See also Governor, Royal vicepatron.

Viceroyalty, audiencia of, 2122.

Viceroy, 85, 133, 157 note 86, 170, 210 note 54.
See also Governor and Captain-General, for duties and relations with audiencia;
New Spain.

VigÁn, audiencia of, created, 17;
town of, 155.

Villacorta, Francisco Enriquez de, oidor, 139, 139 note 54, 354ff.

Villa, Gregorio Manuel, oidor, 128ff.

Visayas, 28.

Visitador, see Visitor.

Visitation, ecclesiastical, 375, 399.

Visitor, 24, 91 note 34, 267268, 306, 344, 384.

Visitor-General, 266, 272ff., 299300, 310, 313, 326.

Vista, 49.

Vivero de Laredo, Rodrigo, temporary governor, 320321.

Wittert, FranÇois, Dutch admiral, attacks Philippines, 321.

YucatÁn, relation to New Spain, 18, 20.

Zambales, 242, 418.

ZÉndera (FernÁndez ZÉndera), Francisco, residencia of, 152155.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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