Adams, Brooks, American lawyer and publicist; author of “The Law of Civilization and Decay,” and other works.

Adams, Henry, historian; author of “History of the United States”; “Life of Albert Gallatin,” and other works.

Allen, William H., is a prominent social worker and author, and is director of the Bureau of Municipal Research and National Training School for the study and Administration of Public Business, Author of “Woman’s Part in Government,” referred to in this volume.

Alger, Russell A., Major General of Volunteers in the American Civil War; Governor of Michigan and Secretary of War under President McKinley.

Bagehot, Walter, distinguished English publicist and economist; member of the English Bar; banker; editor of the Economist, and active for many years in business and politics. Author of “The English Constitution,” “Lombard Street,” “Physics and Politics,” “Literary Studies,” and “Economic Studies,” in the two former of which he describes the practical workings of the British governmental machine and the London money market respectively. The extracts herein given are from magazine articles written by him.

Benton, Thomas H., U. S. Senator from Wisconsin from 1820 to 1850; afterwards Member of the House of Representatives. Author of “History of American Government for Thirty Years.”

Bluntschli, Johann K., (1808-1881), Swiss jurist and politician; professor of constitutional law in Munich; author of a number of standard works on Constitutional and International Law.

Breen, Matthew, was a New York lawyer, state senator and municipal justice. Author of “Thirty Years of New York Politics,” referred to in this volume.

Bryce, James, Viscount, English historian and diplomat, was elected member of Parliament in 1880. Afterwards Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and President of the Board of Trade. He was one of the British members of the International Tribunal at the Hague; Chief Secretary for Ireland and Ambassador to the United States. His book, the “American Commonwealth,” is the result of a long and careful study of American politics made on the spot, is much used as a source and text-book, and is referred to and freely quoted in this volume.

Burke, Edmund, illustrious British statesman, orator, parliamentarian and writer.

Clark, Charles P., American author of “The Machine Abolished,” referred to in this volume.

Commons, John R., whose work entitled “Proportional Representation” is quoted herein, is Director of the American Bureau of Industrial Research and Professor of Political Economy at the University of Wisconsin. He was a member of the Federal Commission on Industrial Relations in 1913-1915. He is the author of a number of books dealing with the industrial problems of the United States.

Carter, James C., New York lawyer; counsel for the U. S. Government in the Alaska arbitration at Paris; author of “Law, Its Origin, Growth and Function.”

Calhoun, John C., American lawyer and statesman; Secretary of War; Vice President United States; Secretary of State; United States Senator 1832-1843 and 1845-1850; author of two posthumous works, “Disquisition on Government” and “Discourse on the Constitution and Government of the United States.”

Curtis, George William, New York editor, public speaker, civil service reformer and man of letters.

Dana, Charles L., noted New York physician, lecturer and author.

Dawson, Edgar, is Professor of History and Political Science at Hunter College. He is a joint editor of “The Practical History of the World.”

Eaton, Dorman B., New York lawyer and Civil Service Reformer; Chairman of the Civil Service Commission 1873-1875, and member 1883-1885.

Estabrook, Henry D., noted American lawyer.

Field, David Dudley, New York lawyer; prominent legal reformer; principal author of New York Code of Civil Procedure of 1848, and of other proposed Codes of Law.

Fuller, Robert H., American newspaper writer.

Farrand, Max, Professor of History at Yale, is a frequent contributor to American Historical Reviews. He is the author of “Development of the United States” quoted from in this volume; and also “Legislation of Congress for the Government of the Organized Territories of the United States (1789-1895)”; “Framing of the Constitution”; and “Records of the Federal Convention of 1787.”

Faguet, M., member of the French Academy; author of “La Culte d’Incompetence,” referred to in this volume and other works.

Garner, James W., is Professor of Political Science at the University of Illinois. He is American collaborator for the “French Revue Politique et Parlementaire” and contributor of more than two hundred articles on political and legal subjects to the New International Encyclopedia, and various articles in the Encyclopedia of American Government and the Encyclopedie Americaine. He is a frequent contributor to various magazines.

Gilman, Charlotte P., author, lecturer, magazine writer. Author of “Women and Economics,” herein referred to.

Godkin, Edwin L., was one of the most prominent journalists of the United States. He established the Nation in 1865 and was editor of the New York Evening Post up to the year of his death in 1902. He was the author of a “History of Hungary,” “Reflections and Comments,” “Problems of Democracy,” and “Unforeseen Tendencies of Democracy.” The latter work, quoted herein, is a keen analysis and study of the forces in the American political system.

Hart, Albert B., may be said to be the dean of living American historians. He is Professor of Government at Harvard University. He has written many books and his contribution to the study and interpretation of American History assumes almost monumental proportions. He was president of the American Historical Association in 1909, and was appointed Exchange Professor, Harvard to Berlin, in 1915.

Hyslop, Prof. James H., has been connected with Columbia University as an instructor and professor of logic, philosophy, ethics and psychology. He organized the American Institute for Scientific Research and became editor of the Proceedings and Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. His book on “Democracy,” published in 1899, is extensively quoted in this volume. He there favors a qualification for voters based upon the payment of an income tax.

Hunt, Henry T., is a prominent lawyer and public man. He was a member of the Ohio Legislature from 1906-1907 and Mayor of Cincinnati from 1912-1914. He is a trustee of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad which is owned by the city of Cincinnati.

Ireland, Alleyne, British and American traveler, editor and essayist; American university lecturer.

Ivins, William M., prominent New York lawyer and politician.

Kahn, Otto H., banker and publicist, is a member of the banking firm of Kuhn, Loeb and Company, a director of the Union Pacific Railroad, and the Morristown Trust Company. He is a profound student of and writer upon financial affairs.

Lecky, William E. H., an Irish historian and publicist who died in 1903, became famous at the age of twenty-seven with the publication of his “History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism.” He was a member of Parliament for Dublin in 1895 and re-elected in 1900. He declined the offer of Regius professorship of History at Oxford in order to devote himself to public life. “Democracy and Liberty,” published in 1896, and here quoted from, is used as a reference book in all the large universities in the United States.

Lewis, Sir George Cornwall, British lawyer, editor and statesman; Chancellor of the Exchecquer; celebrated author; wrote (1849) “Influence of Authority on Matters of Opinion” here quoted, and other learned works.

Lewis, Lawrence, American newspaper and magazine writer.

Lippman, Walter, American author and publicist; associate editor of New Republic, and frequent contributor to magazines.

Low, A. Maurice, British and American author and journalist.

Moss, Frank, New York lawyer; former president Board of Police, New York City; author.

Morse, John T., lawyer, editor and author of several biographies, including “Life of John Quincy Adams,” quoted in this volume.

Mill, John Stuart, was an English philosopher and economist and one of the greatest English prose writers of the nineteenth century. Author of works on Logic, Political Economy and Utilitarianism; wrote “Representative Government,” quoted in this volume; “Liberty,” “Subjection of Woman,” etc. He served in Parliament for several years. From 1835 to 1840 he was editor and part owner of the London Westminster Review.

Miller, J. Bleecker, New York lawyer, political student and writer; author of “Trade Organizations in Politics.”

Maccunn, John, is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy in the University of Liverpool, where he taught for many years. He is author of “The Making of Character,” “Six Radical Thinkers,” “Ethics of Social Work,” “The Political Philosophy of Burke,” and “Ethics of Citizenship.” The latter work is quoted in this volume.

Myers, Gustavus, author of “History of Tammany Hall,” herein referred to and several other works on political subjects.

Ostrogorski, Moisei Ikovolevitch, a Russian political scientist educated in France, has a profound knowledge and understanding of the British and American political systems. Ostrogorski was a member of the First Russian Duma or Parliament. Quotations in this volume are from his “Democracy and The Party System in the United States.”

Reinsch, Paul S., whose well-known work on “American Legislatures and Legislative Methods,” is extensively quoted in this volume, is one of the most widely read of American political scientists and historians. He is the author of many books which have been translated into Japanese, Chinese, Spanish, and German, and a frequent contributor to reviews, historical and economic periodicals. He was Professor of Political Science in the University of Wisconsin for over twelve years. He was Roosevelt Professor at the Universities of Berlin and Leipzig in 1911-1912. He is an honorary member of the Faculty of the University of Chile, and a member of the National Academy of Venezuela. He was United States delegate to the Third Pan-American Conference at Rio de Janeiro in 1904 and the Fourth Conference at Buenos Aires in 1910, and United States minister to China.

Rhodes, James F., is a prominent historian and lecturer. He was president of the American Historical Association, and was awarded a gold medal by the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1910 for his contributions to historical literature. In 1913 he delivered lectures on the American Civil War at Oxford University. Is author of a “History of the United States,” herein quoted.

Roosevelt, Theodore, twice President of the United States, publicist, politician, statesman and author of “Life of Benton,” from which this book quotes, and other works.

Root, Elihu, distinguished New York lawyer, politician and publicist; has been United States Senator, United States Secretary of War, and United States Secretary of State.

Ruskin, John, English author, art critic and reformer; made a great impression on the literature and thought of the latter part of the nineteenth century. His writings, devoted mainly to art, have a strong ethical tendency.

Reemelin, Charles, writer and lawyer; former member of the Ohio Legislature; student of political subjects; newspaper editor and writer; author of several works on politics, including “American Politics” (1881), from which extracts are here taken.

Stickney, Albert, prominent New York lawyer.

Steffens, Lincoln, American editor, writer and lecturer. Author of the “Shame of the Cities,” and other works and frequent contributor to magazines.

Sieyes, Emmanuel Joseph, French AbbÉ and statesman of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era; member of the States General and the Convention; member of the Directorate of 1799 and Senator of France.

Schurz, Carl, distinguished German American; came to America in early youth and became an American writer, soldier, orator and statesman; was United States Minister to Spain; United States Senator from Missouri and Secretary of the Interior. Author of “Life of Henry Clay,” from which quotations are here made.

Seawell, Molly E., American journalist and novelist; author of “The Ladies’ Battle,” a work written in opposition to female suffrage.

Shaw, Albert, is editor of the American Review of Reviews, and author of several widely read works on Municipal Government, for which he was awarded the John Marshall prize by Johns Hopkins University in 1895. He has also written many books dealing with different phases of American life and government, and has lectured at many universities and colleges. He was appointed professor of Political Institutions and International Law at Cornell University in 1890, but declined. He is a trustee of the General Education Board and a member of the Bureau of Municipal Research. Is the author of “Political Problems,” quoted from in this volume.

Stimson, Henry L., American lawyer, was Secretary of War under President Taft for two years.

Sumner, Helen L., Assistant Chief of the Children’s Bureau of the Department of Labor at Washington. Was special investigator of woman suffrage in Colorado for the New York Collegiate Equal Suffrage League in 1916-1917. She is the author of many books dealing with industrial problems, and is a frequent contributor to economic and other publications. She published a book “Equal Suffrage,” from which a quotation is made in this volume.

Tocqueville, Alexis Henri Charles de, was a French statesman and political philosopher of the first half of the nineteenth century. Visited America in 1831 and wrote his monumental work “De la democratie in Amerique,” which is one of the world’s classics.

Tarbell, Ida M., is a prominent sociologist and publicist, and an associate editor of the American Magazine. She is author of “A Short Life of Napoleon Bonaparte,” a “Life of Lincoln,” a “History of the Standard Oil Company,” and “The Business of Being a Woman,” the latter quoted in this book.

Von Treitschke, Heinrich (1834-1896), publicist, political essayist; German university lecturer; member of the German Reichstag; the most brilliant historian of the Prussian school.

Webster, Daniel, orator and statesman; was member of United States Senate and Secretary of State of the United States.

White, Andrew D., was an American educator, scholar and diplomat. He was president of Cornell University from 1868 to 1885, minister to Germany from 1879-1881 and to Russia in 1892-4. From 1897 to 1902 he was Ambassador to Germany. He was chairman of the American delegation to the Hague Peace Conference. He is the author of several books dealing with historical studies.

Woodburn, James A., is Professor of American History at Indiana University. Has contributed articles to the American Year Book, the American History Review, Indiana Magazine of History, Encyclopedia Americanae, and the Encyclopedia of American Government, and is the author of several political works, including “Political Parties and Party Problems,” from which are the quotations made in this volume.